About static analysis in economics Comparative statics the technique of static correction used in exploration geophysics Reflection seismology Refimprove date February 2009 Classical mechanics cTopic Branches Statics is the branch of mechanics concerned with the analysis of loads force , torque torque moment on physical system s in Mechanical equilibrium static equilibrium , that is, in a state where the relative positions of subsystems do not vary over time, or where components and structures are at a constant velocity. When in static equilibrium, the system is either at rest, or its center of mass ... The static equilibrium of a particle is an important concept in Statics. A particle is in equilibrium ... cite book last Beer first Ferdinand title Vector Statics For Engineers publisher McGraw Hill year ... axis of inertia. Solids Statics is used in the analysis of structures, for instance in architectural ... statics , is the study of fluids at rest. This analyzes bodies of fluid in static equilibrium .... S. Levinova 1996 , Statics , p. 642, in Harv Morelon Rashed 1996 pp 614 642 quote Using a whole body ... scientists raised statics to a new, higher level. The classical results of Archimedes in the theory ... Europe. The phenomena of statics were studied by using the dynamic approach so that two trends statics and dynamics turned out to be inter related within a single science, mechanics. The combination ... Jr, E.R. title Statics and Mechanics of Materials year 1992 publisher McGraw Hill, Inc cite book author Beer, Johnston, and Eisenberg, title Vector Mechanics for Engineers Statics, 9th Edition ... links Commons category Wiktionary http engineering education.com CATS index.php Online test of statics ... engineering statics Free engineering Statics courseware with about 300 interactive exercises with hints ... Statics for Robotics wikibooks Statics http www.engin.brown.edu courses en3 Notes Statics ... Statics als Statik ar bs Statika bg ca Est tica cs Statika da Statik de Statik ... more details
Image Supply and demand.svg thumb right 240px In this graph, comparative statics shows an increase in demand causing a rise in price and quantity. Comparing two equilibrium states, comparative statics doesn t describe how the increases actually occur . In economics , comparative statics is the comparison of two different economic outcomes, before and after a change in some underlying exogenous parameter . ref Mas Colell, Whinston, and Green, 1995, p. 24 Silberberg and Suen, 2000 ref As a study of statics .... Comparative statics is commonly used to study changes in supply and demand when analyzing a single ... macroeconomics economy . The term comparative statics itself is more commonly used in relation to microeconomics including general equilibrium analysis than to macroeconomics . Comparative statics ... statics Eatwell, 1987 . Linear approximation Comparative statics results are usually derived by using ... statics without constraints Suppose math p x q math is a smooth and strictly concave objective ... math f x q q 0 math . Comparative statics asks how this maximizer changes in response to changes ..., the comparative statics method above describes the changes in the firms profit due to small changes in the tax rates. Comparative statics with constraints A generalization of the above method allows ... to changes in price or wage. Monotone comparative statics One limitation of comparative statics ... Milgrom and Chris Shannon developed a theory and method for comparative statics analysis using only conditions that are ordinal. ref Milgrom and Shannon. Monotone Comparative Statics 1994 . Econometrica ... condition. The central theorem of monotone comparative statics is Suppose math p R n times R m rightarrow ..., p. 517. John R. Hicks 1939 . Value and Capital . Timothy J. Kehoe, 1987. Comparative statics, The New ... Economics Department Comparative Statics Analysis http www.amosweb.com cgi bin gls.pl?fcd dsp&key comparative statics AmosWeb Glossary http risk.ifci.ch 00010821.htm IFCI Risk Institute Glossary from ... more details
Social Statics, or The Conditions essential to Happiness specified, and the First of them Developed is an 1851 book by the British polymath Herbert Spencer . In it, he uses the term fitness in applying his ideas of Jean Baptiste Lamarck Lamarck ian evolution to society, saying for example that It is clear that any being whose constitution is to be moulded into fitness for new conditions of existence must be placed under those conditions. Or, putting the proposition specifically it is clear that man can become adapted to the social state, only by being retained in the social state. This granted, it follows that as man has been, and is still, deficient in those feelings which, by dictating just conduct, prevent the perpetual antagonism of individuals and their consequent disunion, some artificial agency is required by which their union may be maintained. Only by the process of adaptation itself can be produced that character which makes social equilibrium spontaneous. Despite it commonly being attributed to this book, it was not until his Principles of Biology of 1864 that Spencer coined the phrase survival of the fittest , ref cite web url http www.darwinproject.ac.uk entry 5145 mark 5145.f3 title Letter 5145 Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 5 July 1866 publisher Darwin Correspondence Project accessdate 2010 01 12 ref that he would later apply to economics as well as biology. This was a key tenet of so called Social Darwinism . The book was published by John Chapman of London . Reaction Economist Murray Rothbard called Social Statics the greatest single work of Libertarianism libertarian political philosophy ever written. ref Brian Doherty journalist Doherty, Brian , Radicals for Capitalism Radicals for Capitalism A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement , pg. 246 ref In Lochner v. New York , justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. , arguing in dissent ... not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer s Social Statics. References reflist External links http oll.libertyfund.org ... more details
The Correspondence principle in quantum theory and relativity, which states that the predictions of quantum mechanics and relativistic mechanics must pass smoothly into those of classical mechanics for large macroscopic systems and speeds much smaller than light. Correspondence principle sociology , correspondence between social class and available education In public finance , the principle that identifies the places where it is beneficial to provide public goods and services In economics , the fact that determining the stability of an economic equilibrium corresponds to deriving results in Comparative statics Stability comparative statics disambig ... more details
LVL may refer to LVL, ISO 4217 currency code for Latvian lats , the currency of Latvia Level LVL artist , an industrial electronic artist from New York Laval, Quebec , a city in Quebec, Canada Laminated veneer lumber Low velocity layer , a term in seismic refraction statics determination Limited Variability Language , IEC 61508 term for a class of programming languages disambig de LVL fr LVL ko LVL it LVL ja LVL sv LVL ... more details
statistics 5 7 0 3 0 ? ? Football player statistics end sup 1 sup 2005 Campeonato Goiano statics unknown br sup 2 sup 2005 Campeonato Tocantinense statics unknown br sup 3 sup 2005 Campeonato Goiano Segunda Divis o statics unknown br sup 4 sup 2006 Campeonato Tocantinense statics unknown br sup 5 sup 2007 Campeonato Tocantinense statics unknown br sup 6 sup Copa do Centen rio do Campeonato Paraense statics unknown br sup 7 sup 2008 Campeonato Paraense statics unknown br sup 8 sup 2008 Campeonato Goiano Terceira Divis o statics unknown br sup 9 sup 2009 Campeonato Goiano statics unknown br sup 10 sup 2009 Campeonato Goiano Segunda Divis o statics unknown br sup 11 sup 2009 Campeonato Tocantinense Segunda Divis o statics unknown br sup 12 sup Include 16 matches at 2010 Campeonato Alagoano ... more details
wiktionary Stacking may refer to Stacking chemistry Stacking video game , a 2011 game from Double Fine involving matryoshka doll s A gang signal made with the hands Sport stacking , played using plastic cups A film directed and produced by Martin Rosen director Martin Rosen Broadcast programming Stacking Stacking television A type of ensemble learning method in machine learning A technique used in reflection seismology for improving signal to noise ratio in seismic surveys Amusement ride vehicles stopping and piling up due to the track ahead being occupied See also lookfrom intitle Stack disambiguation Block stacking problem , a puzzle in statics Shift and add , renamed image stacking method, a form of speckle imaging Sphere packing disambig fr Stacking ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2011 Aerostatics is the study of gases that are not in motion. The corresponding study of gases in motion is called aerodynamics . It is a subfield of fluid statics . Aerostatics studies density allocation, especially in air. One of the applications of this is the barometric formula . An aerostat is a lighter than air craft, such as an airship or balloon , which uses the principles of aerostatics to buoyancy float . Fields of study Atmospheric pressure fluctuation Composition of mountain air Cross section of the atmosphere Gas density Gas diffusion in soil Gas pressure Kinetic theory of gases Partial pressure s in gas mixtures Pressure measurement Category Fluid mechanics Category Aerodynamics physics stub eo Aerostatiko pl Aerostatyka pt Aerosta o sr sv Aerostatik kk uk ... more details
Static stability is the ability of a robot to remain upright when at rest, or under acceleration and deceleration. Static stability may also refer to In aircraft or missiles Static margin a concept used to characterize the static stability and controllability of aircraft and missiles. Longitudinal static stability the stability of an aircraft in the longitudinal, or pitching, plane during static established conditions. In meteorology Fluid statics Static stability also called hydrostatic stability or vertical stability the ability of a fluid at rest to become turbulent or laminar due to the effects of buoyancy. In sailing Sailing Heeling Static stability the angle of roll, or heel, achieved under constant wind conditions. disambig ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove June 2010 orphan December 2007 wikify December 2010 The plus minus method is a geophysical principle attributed to Hagedoorn for statics solution derivation in which two emergence points on a refractor and a common midpoint cmp on the surface are considered. Examples t tABCD tDEFG tABFG t tABCD tDEFG tABFG see the figure in the Seismic Data Processing text by Ozdogan Yilmaz on pg 227 References reflist Further reading The Plus Minus Method of Interpreting Seismic Refraction Sections authored by J.G. Hagedoorn presented to the fifteenth meeting of the European Association of Exploration Geophysicists in London from 10 to 12 December 1958 . Published in Geophysical Prospecting, the Plus minus method is elaborated on pg. 67 Category Seismology measurement Geophysics stub ... more details
In statics , Lami s theorem is an equation relating the magnitudes of three coplanar , concurrent and Coplanarity non collinear forces, which keeps an object in static equilibrium , with the angles directly opposite to the corresponding forces. According to the theorem, math frac A sin alpha frac B sin beta frac C sin gamma math where A , B and C are the magnitudes of three coplanar, concurrent and non collinear forces, which keep the object in static equilibrium, and &alpha , &beta and &gamma are the angles directly opposite to the forces A , B and C respectively. File Lami.png alt Lami s Theorem Lami s theorem is applied in static analysis of mechanical and structural systems. The theorem is named after Bernard Lamy mathematician Bernard Lamy . Proof of Lami s Theorem Suppose there are three coplanar, concurrent and non collinear forces, which keeps the object in static equilibrium. By the Euclidean vector triangle law , we can re construct the diagram as follow File LamiProof.png By the law of sines , math frac A sin pi alpha frac B sin pi beta frac C sin pi gamma math math Rightarrow frac A sin alpha frac B sin beta frac C sin gamma math See also Law of sines Mechanical equilibrium Bernard Lamy mathematician Further reading R.K. Bansal 2005 . A Textbook of Engineering Mechanics . Laxmi Publications. p. 4. ISBN 9788170083054. I.S. Gujral 2008 . Engineering Mechanics . Firewall Media. p. 10. ISBN 9788131802953 Category Statics Category Physics theorems ar ko hi ja ta zh ... more details
refimprove date December 2007 Libertarianism sidebar The law of equal liberty aka the law of equal freedom , or equal liberty , is a doctrine first named, though not first conceived, by Herbert Spencer in Social Statics 1851 which says that every man may claim the fullest liberty to exercise his faculties compatible with the possession of like liberty to every other man. Or, stated another way by Spencer, each has freedom to do all that he wills provided that he infringes not the equal freedom of any other. ref Herbert Spencer, Social Statics, c. 4, 3. ref This doctrine has been influential on political theorists, including classical liberals , libertarian socialists and anarcho capitalists . Spencer derived the principle on a belief in the principles of scientific evolution. He believed that human happiness was an intrinsically developed emotion. He held that man s purpose can be obtained only by the exercise of his faculties and therefore that exercise must be a human right. Restraining the liberty of someone else prevents him from pursuing happiness. But, for this to be a universal ethic , that is, a moral code that applies to all individuals rather than just some, it would have to apply to all individuals. Therefore, if an individual restrains another individual from doing the same, then he has overstepped his rights. As a result, rights are equalized among all people. See also Egalitarianism Non aggression principle Harm principle References references External links http www.blackcrayon.com library dictionary ?term equalLiberty Equal liberty , by BK Marcus Libertarianism Category Anarcho capitalism Category Classical liberalism Category Left libertarianism es Ley de igual libertad ... more details
no footnotes date October 2011 In structural engineering , the P or P Delta effect refers to the abrupt changes in ground shearing physics shear , overturning moment physics moment , and or the axial force distribution at the base of a sufficiently tall structure or structural component when it is subject to a critical lateral displacement vector displacement . The P Delta effect is a destabilizing moment equal to the force of gravity multiplied by the horizontal displacement a structure undergoes as a result of a lateral displacement. To illustrate the effect, take the example of a typical statics case in a perfectly rigid body subject only to small displacements, the effect of a gravitational or concentrated vertical load at the top of the structure is usually neglected in the computation of ground reaction physics reactions . However, structures in real life are flexible and can exhibit large lateral displacements in unusual circumstances. The lateral displacements can be caused by wind or seismically induced inertial force s. Given the side displacement, the vertical loads present in the structure can adversely perturb the ground reactions. This is known as the P effect. In some sense, the P Delta effect is similar to the buckling load of an elastic, small scale solid column given the boundary conditions of a free end on top and a completely restrained end at the bottom, with the exception that there may exist an invariant vertical load at the top of the column. A rod planted firmly into the ground, given a constant cross section, can only extend so far up before it buckles under its own weight in this case the lateral displacement for the solid is an infinitesimal quantity governed by Euler buckling. References Lindeburg, M.R., Baradar, M. u Seismic Design of Building Structures A Professional s Introduction to Earthquake Forces and Design Details u 8th ed. . Professional Publications, Inc. Belmont, CA 2001 . Category Statics ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Brain Type EP Artist The Klinik and Paracont Commented out because image was deleted Cover Klinik Brain.jpg Released 1993 Recorded 1993 Genre Industrial music Industrial Length ??? Label Gothic Art Records Producer Marc Verhaeghen Klinik Reviews Last album Contrast Klinik album Contrast br 1992 This album Brain br 1993 Next album Live Klinik album Live br 1993 Brain is a split EP with the bands Klinik and Paracont. Track listing Klinik Brain 5 24 Klinik Patient Live 5 46 Paracont Get Out 3 19 Paracont Statics Woman in the Radiator Mix 4 35 Track 2 is probably the same recording as on the Live Klinik album Live album. DEFAULTSORT Brain Ep Category 1993 EPs Category Klinik EPs 1990s album stub ... more details
The following events related to sociology occurred in 1850s . 1850 Events Karl Marx The Class Struggles in France is published. 1851 Events Herbert Spencer s Social Statics is published. 1852 Events Karl Marx s The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte is published. Births August 23 Arnold Toynbee 1854 Events Auguste Comte s The System of Positive Philosophy is published. 1855 Events S ren Kierkegaard s Attack Upon Christendom is published. Pierre Guillaume Fr d ric le Play s Les Ouvriers europ ens is published. 1856 Events Pierre Guillaume Fr d ric le Play founds the Soci t internationale des tudes pratiques d conomie sociale . 1857 Events Karl Marx s Grundrisse is written but not published until 1941 in sociology 1941 . 1859 Events Karl Marx s A Contribution to a Critique of Political Economy is published. Category 1850s Sociology Category Sociology timelines fr Ann es 1850 en sociologie ... more details
Treaty of statics and mechanics 192 folios 384 pages. Internal format 215 x 145 mm. Codex Madrid II Ms. 8936 Treaty of fortification, statics and geometry 158 folios 316 pages. Internal format 210 x 145 ... more details
&printsec frontcover&dq statics v onepage&q moment&f false edition Second coauthors Archer ... first Adrian title Statics and Dynamics with a Background in Mathematics year 2003 publisher The Press ... url http books.google.com books?id DYPWQ 83xr8C&printsec frontcover&dq statics v onepage&q moment&f ... more details
manual on Graphical Statics and his Elements of Projective Geometry translated by C. Leudesdorf , have ... translation by Charles Leudesdorf http name.umdl.umich.edu ABR3146.0001.001 Graphical statics. Two treatises on the graphical calculus and reciprocal figures in graphical statics Clarendon press, Oxford ... more details
File homoeoid3d.jpg thumb Homoeoid in 3D A homoeoid is a shell bounded by two concentric, Similarity geometry similar ellipse s 2D or ellipsoid s 3D . When the thickness of the shell becomes negligible, it is called a thin homoeoid . Mathematical definition If the outer shell is given by math frac x 2 a 2 frac y 2 b 2 frac z 2 c 2 1 math with semiaxes math a,b,c math the inner shell is given for math 0 leq m leq 1 math by math frac x 2 a 2 frac y 2 b 2 frac z 2 c 2 m 2 math . The thin homoeoid is then given by the limit math m to 1 math Physical meaning A homoeoid can be used as a construction element of a matter or charge distribution. The gravitational or electromagnetic potential of a homoeoid homogeneously filled with matter or charge is constant inside the shell. This means that a test mass or charge will not feel any force inside the shell. References Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Chandrasekhar, S. Ellipsoidal Figures of Equilibrium , Yale Univ. Press. London 1969 Edward Routh Routh, E. J. A Treatise on Analytical Statics, Vol II , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1882 See also Focaloid Category Surfaces Category Mathematical physics Category Potential de Hom oid ... more details
A regular economy is an economy characterized by an excess demand function which has the property that its slope at any equilibrium price vector is non zero. In other words, if we graph the excess demand function against prices, then the excess demand function cuts the x axis assuring that each equilibrium is locally unique. Local uniqueness in turn permits the use of comparative statics an analysis of how the economy responds to external shocks as long as these shocks are not too large. An important result due to Gerard Debreu Debreu 1970 states that almost any economy, defined by an initial distribution of consumer s endowments, is regular. In technical terms, the set of nonregular economies is of Lebesgue measure zero. Combined with the Hopf index theorem index theorem this result implies that almost any economy will have a finite and odd number of equilibria. Image Regular economy.JPG thumb 300px Regular and nonregular economies References Debreu, G. 1970 Economies with a finite set of equilibria , Econometrica , 38 . Andreu Mas Colell Mas Colell, A. , Whinston, M. and Green, J. 1995 . Microeconomic Theory , Oxford University Press Category General equilibrium and disequilibrium ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2010 A hydraulic seal is a relatively soft, non metallic circle ring captured in a Groove engineering groove or fixed in a combination of rings, forming a seal assembly, to block or separate fluid in reciprocating motion applications. Hydraulic seals are vital in machinery . Their use is critical in providing a way for fluid power to be converted to linear motion. Materials Hydraulic seals can be made from a variety of materials such as polyurethane , rubber or PTFE . The type of material is determined by the specific operating conditions or limits due to fluid type, pressure , fluid chemical compatibility or temperature . Static A statics static hydraulic seal is located in a groove and sees no movement only sealing within its confined space, acting like a gasket . Example cap seals,flange gasket Dynamic A type of dynamics mechanics dynamic hydraulic seal called a rod seal is exposed to movement on its inner diameter along the shaft or rod of a hydraulic cylinder. A type of dynamic hydraulic seal called a piston seal is exposed to movement on its outer diameter along the tube or bore of a hydraulic cylinder. Category Hydraulics Seal, Hydraulic ... more details
Reynolds dilatancy is the observed tendency of a compacted granular material to dilate expand in volume as it is sheared. This occurs because the grains in a compacted state are interlocking and therefore do not have the freedom to move around one another. When stressed, a lever motion occurs between neighboring grains, which produces a bulk expansion of the material. On the other hand, when a granular material starts in a very loose state it may initially Soil compaction compact instead of dilating under shear. Reynolds dilatancy is a common feature of the soil s and sand s studied by Geotechnical engineering geotechnical engineers , and is a part of the broader topic of soil mechanics . It was first described scientifically by Osborne Reynolds 1842 1912 in 1885 and 1886. References Reynolds, O., On the dilatancy of media composed of rigid particles in contact, with experimental illustrations, Phil. Mag., Series 5, 20 1885 , pp. 469 481. Reynolds, O., Experiments showing dilatancy, a property of granular material, possibly connected with gravitation, Proc. Royal Institution of Great Britain, Read February 12, 1886. R. M. Nedderman, Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials , Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0 521 01907 9. See also Soil mechanics Geotechnical engineering Granular material Triaxial shear tests Geotechnical engineering Category Soil mechanics ... more details
Image AugustFoeppl.jpg thumb August Otto F ppl 25 January 1854, Gro Umstadt , Hessen 12 October 1924, Ammerland was a professor of Technical Mechanics and Graphical Statics at the Technical University of Munich , Germany. He is credited with introducing the F ppl&ndash Klammer theory and the F ppl&ndash von K rm n equations large deflection of elastic plates . Doctoral advisor Christian Otto Mohr Notable student Ludwig Prandtl In 1894, F ppl wrote a widely read introductory book on Maxwell s theory of electricity, titled Theorie der Elektrizt t . Gerald Holton argues, that some arguments of F ppl concerning electromagnetic induction , had some influence on Albert Einstein s first paper on special relativity . ref name Holt Citation author Holton, Gerald year 1973 88 title Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought Kepler to Einstein publisher Harvard University Press isbn 0674877489 ref References references External links MathGenealogy id 71565 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Foppl, August Otto ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 25 January 1854 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 12 October 1924 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Foppl, August Otto Category 1854 births Category 1924 deaths Category German engineers de August F ppl pt August F ppl ... more details
Infobox Politician name Chizuko Takahashi image Replace this image male.svg caption office Member of the House of Representatives of Japan House of Representatives term start November 9, 2003 term end predecessor successor constituency majority office2 term start2 term end2 predecessor2 successor2 constituency2 majority2 birth date Birth date and age 1959 9 16 mf y birth place death date death place party Japanese Communist Party relations residence alma mater occupation religion signature website http www.chiduko.gr.jp chiduko.gr.jp footnotes Chizuko Takahashi Takahashi Chizuko is a Japanese people Japanese politician and member of House of Representatives of Japan House of Representatives ref cite web url http www.shugiin.go.jp itdb english.nsf html statics member mem t.htm title Members publisher House of Representatives of Japan accessdate 21 November 2010 ref for the Japanese Communist Party . References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Takahashi, Chizuko ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH September 16, 1959 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Takahashi, Chizuko Category 1959 births Category Living people Category People from Akita Prefecture Category Female members of the House of Representatives of Japan Category Japanese Communist Party politicians Japan politician stub ja ... more details
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