cleanup date January 2010 Terrestrial stationary waves is a persistent spherical Electrical conductor conductor single wire surface wave electricity electrical transmission line phenomenon arising across the Earth s surface by virtue of the highly conductive nature of the earth itself. It was considered by Nikola Tesla to be his most important discovery. Earth s surface constitutes an interface that supports the wave. On July 3, 1899, Tesla claimed discovery of this new geo electrical phenomenon, which he said would allow for the transmission of electrical energy around the world. quote That communication without wires to any point of the globe is practicable with such apparatus would need no demonstration, but through a discovery which I made I obtained absolute certitude. Popularly explained, it is exactly this When we raise the voice and hear an echo in reply, we know that the sound of the voice must have reached a distant wall, or boundary, and must have been reflected from the same. Exactly as the sound, so an electrical wave is reflected, and the same evidence which is afforded by an echo is offered by an electrical phenomenon known as a stationary wave that is, a wave with fixed nodal and ventral regions. Instead of sending sound vibrations toward a distant wall, I have sent electrical vibrations toward the remote boundaries of the earth, and instead of the wall the earth has replied. In place of an echo I have obtained a stationary electrical wave, a wave reflected from afar. ref http www.tfcbooks.com tesla 1900 06 00.htm THE PROBLEM OF INCREASING HUMAN ENERGY , Century Magazine, June 1900 ref Terrestrial stationary waves were first observed by Tesla and formed the basis ... of the stationary terrestrial waves, showing that, despite its vast extent, the entire planet can ... Schumann Resonance is a set of terrestrial stationary waves in the extremely low frequency ELF ... bands travel most efficiently as a longitudinal wave and create stationary waves. The ionosphere ... more details
boundaries , non differentiable points, and stationary points. If math x 0 math is a global extremum ... f is not differentiable at math x 0 math stationary point math x 0 math is a stationary ... and minima in one dimension, one can find extrema by simply computing the stationary points by computing ... of f at a point is zero math x 0 math is a stationary point , one cannot in general conclude anything ... reference id 4450 title Fermat s Theorem stationary points PlanetMath reference id 4452 title Proof of Fermat s Theorem stationary points DEFAULTSORT Fermat s Theorem Stationary Points Category ... more details
In mathematics , the stationary phase approximation is a basic principle of asymptotic analysis , applying to oscillatory integrals math I k int g x e ikf x ,dx math taken over n dimensional space R sup n sup where i is the imaginary unit . Here f and g are real valued smooth function s. The role of g is to ensure convergence that is, g is a test function . The large real parameter k is considered in the limit as k . This method originates from the 19th century, and is due to George Gabriel Stokes and Lord Kelvin . ref Citation last1 Courant first1 Richard author1 link Richard Courant last2 Hilbert first2 David author2 link David Hilbert title Methoden der mathematischen Physik Methods of mathematical physics volume 1 page 474 year 1953 edition 2nd revised publisher Interscience Publishers location New York oclc 505700 ref Basics The main idea of stationary phase methods relies on the cancellation of sinusoids with rapidly varying phase. If many sinusoids have the same phase and they are added together, they will add constructively. If, however, these same sinusoids have phases which change rapidly as the frequency changes, they will add incoherently, varying between constructive and destructive addition at different times. An example Consider a function math f x,t frac 1 2 pi int mathbb R F omega e i kx omega t d omega math The phase term in this function, math phi kx omega t math is stationary when math frac d d omega left k left omega right x omega t right approx 0 math or equivalently, math frac d omega dk approx frac x t math Solutions to this equation yield dominant frequencies math omega dom x, t math for a given math x math and math t math . If we expand math phi math in a Taylor series about math omega dom math and neglect terms of order higher than math omega omega dom 2 math , math phi sim k omega dom x omega dom t frac x 2 frac d 2k d omega 2 omega ... Reflist External links Springer id S s087270 title Stationary phase, method of the Category Mathematical ... more details
Infobox Disease Name X linked congenital stationary night blindness Image Gray881.png Caption Malfunction ... stationary night blindness CSNB is a rare X linked non progressive retina l disorder. It has two ... linked varieties of congenital stationary night blindness CSNB can be differentiated from the autosomal ... for genetic heterogeneity in X linked congenital stationary night blindness journal Am J Hum ... pathways. Pathophysiology CSNB1 The complete form of X linked congenital stationary night ... congenital stationary night blindness journal Nat Genet volume 26 issue 3 pages 319 323 year 2000 pmid ... B, Berger W, Meindl A title The complete form of X linked congenital stationary night blindness ... stationary night blindness journal Mol Vis volume 11 issue pages 179 83 year 2005 pmid 15761389 ref ... stationary night blindness CSNB2 is caused by mutations in the CACNA1F gene, which encodes the voltage ... An L type calcium channel gene mutated in incomplete X linked congenital stationary night blindness ... gene in Xp11.23 cause incomplete X linked congenital stationary night blindness journal Nat Genet ... mutations identified in 36 families with incomplete X linked congenital stationary night blindness, and characterization ... stationary night blindness journal Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci volume 42 issue 7 pages 1610 6 year 2001 ... linked congenital stationary night blindness journal Br J Ophthalmol volume 87 issue 11 pages 1413 ... Hoda J, Zaghetto F, Koschak A, Striessnig J title Congenital stationary night blindness type 2 ... Hoda J, Zaghetto F, Singh A, Koschak A, Striessnig J title Effects of congenital stationary night blindness ... mutation in a french family with the incomplete type of X linked congenital stationary night blindness ... been found associated with congenital stationary night blindness CSNB ref Pere Garriga, and Joan Manyosa ... Congenital Stationary Night Blindness Footnotes Reflist 2 Channelopathy DEFAULTSORT X Linked Congenital Stationary Night Blindness Category Channelopathy Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa ... more details
SHARP , short for Stationary High Altitude Relay Platform , was an experimental aircraft using beam powered propulsion designed by the Communications Research Centre Canada CRC and built by the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies UTIAS during the 1980s. SHARP used microwaves to provide energy from a ground station that powered electric motors spinning propellers to keep the aircraft aloft. The power was also used for the onboard electronics. SHARP could remain aloft indefinitely, and was intended to be used as a sort of low altitude communications satellite for smaller geographical areas. History Background The concept of using beamed power for aircraft propulsion was invented almost single handedly by William C. Brown . ref Sheldon Hochheiser, http www.ieeeghn.org wiki index.php William C. Brown William C. Brown Biography , IEEE Global History Network, 29 August 2008 ref After joining Raytheon in the 1940s, Brown started work on improving their magnetron products. This led to the development of the crossed field amplifier , a simple, reliable and highly efficient microwave amplifier . He later worked with colleagues to develop the rectenna with, which receives microwaves the an tenna and converts them directly to direct current DC power the rect ifier . ref name j George Jull, http www.friendsofcrc.ca Projects SHARP sharp.html An Overview of SHARP , Friends of the CRC, July 1997 ref Brown now had a system that converted input power to microwaves with up to 70 efficiency, then received them back with 70 efficiency, resulting in a closed circuit of about 50 overall efficiency. Brown looked for applications of the technology, working on both solar power satellites SPS and the High Altitude Powered Platform HAPP concept. This research went as far as flying a model helicopter using beamed power in 1965. ref William Brown, http handle.dtic.mil 100.2 AD474925 Experimental Airborne Microwave Supported Platform, Final rept. Jun 1964 Apr 1965 , RADC TR 65 188 ... more details
describes the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space Stationarystate , an eigenvector ...State commonly refers to either the present condition of a system or entity, or to a governed entity such as a country or sub entity such as a province or region . Wiktionary state TOCRight Political science State polity , an organized political community, living under a government Sovereign state , a sovereign political entity in public international law The government Member state , a member of an international organization Federated state , a political entity forming part of a federal sovereign state This is a disambig page for the word state . Per the talk page, please do not add lists of states from various national entities e.g. U.S. State s or Mexican states. Those all are of the sense federated state and should properly be further defined and clarified on that Wikipedia page. Nation state , a state which coincides with a nation U.S. state , there are 50 States in the United States ... Rechtsstaat , the legal state constitutional state, state subordinated to law in philosophy ... Medical state , one s current state of health, usually within a hospital setting Mental state disambiguation Chemistry State of matter , solid, liquid or vapour phases of matter. it describes the organization of matter in a phase Chemical state , the electronic, chemical and physical nature of an element Computing State computer science , a unique configuration of information in a program or machine Program state , in computer science, a snapshot of the measure of various conditions in the system State pattern , in computer science, a behavioral design pattern State printmaking , a unique form of a print, caused by a deliberate change to a matrix State software , animation software for YouTube ... Mathematics State controls , a term related to control theory State functional analysis , a positive linear functional on an operator algebra Physics In classical mechanics , state is a complete description ... more details
Infobox Olympic event event Men s stationary target small bore rifle games 1908 Summer image caption venue Bisley, Surrey Bisley rifle range date July 11 competitors 19 nations 5 longnames gold Arthur Carnell goldNOC GBR silver Harold Humby silverNOC GBR bronze George Barnes sport shooter George Barnes bronzeNOC GBR prev next ShootingAt1908SummerOlympics The men s stationary target small bore rifle , also referred to as the miniature rifle competition , was one of 15 events on the Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. Regulation of the equipment used in the event was done through proscribing ammunition weighing more than 140 grains, with a velocity of more than 1,450 feet per second, or having a hard metal base. Each shooter fired 80 shots, half at 50 yards and half at 100 yards. Maximum score for a shot was 5 points, giving a maximum total possible of 400 points. Twelve competitors from each nation were allowed to take part. Because of a delay in the arrival of Barnes registration, the British team registered Philip Plater as a replacement. The original registration later arrived, resulting in Britain having 13 entrants. Further confusion on the day of competition resulted in all 13 shooting, Plater going last. Plater, who had scored 391 points to place first in the event and set a world record, was ruled to have been the illegal competitor and his score was invalidated. ref name Plater cite web url http www.rifleman.org.uk W.W.Greener martini target rifles.htm title W. W. Greener Martini Target Rifles publisher National Rifle Association UK accessdate 10 May 2006 ref Results class wikitable rowspan 2 Place rowspan 2 Shooter colspan 3 Score 50 yd 100 yd Total align center bgcolor gold 1 align left flagIOCathlete Arthur Carnell GBR 1908 Summer 192 195 387 align ... Shooting At The 1908 Summer Olympics Men s Stationary Target Small Bore Rifle Category Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics Men s rifle small bore individual stationary ko 1908 ru ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name State to State Type Studio album Artist 808 State Cover Released 1994 Recorded 1989 1993 Genre Techno br Electronic body music Length 51 32 Label ZTT Records flagicon UK Reviews Last album Forecast album Forecast br 1993 This album State to State br 1994 Next album Don Solaris br 1996 State to State is an album by electronic music group 808 State which was released in 1994 ref Allmusic class artist id p50075 pure url yes ref , exclusively through StateToState, the 808 State Fan Club. Original Track listing Intro 106 State To State Cubik live Tokyo radio Jun. 1993 5 13 Yakusa 5 43 Lemons rhythm device mix 3 47 20 20 stormin norman sax mix 2 12 La Donna Bionica 5 17 Repa Repo live wembley Nov. 1992 7 27 Diana 5 40 Fear 4 18 King Quill 4 19 Jackson Fraction 4 16 Control early version of Contrique, 1989 3 20 References reflist 808 State DEFAULTSORT State To State Category 1994 albums Category 808 State albums Category ZTT Records albums 1990s electronic album stub ... more details
Infobox Book name State by State A Panoramic Portrait of America image author Matt Weiland and Sean Wilsey , eds. publisher Harper Collins language English language English genre Non fiction release date 2008 media type Print Hardcover , Paperback isbn 9780061470905 State by State A Panoramic Portrait of America is a collection of pieces about the United States of America , with one essay on each of the fifty states. It was conceived of and edited by Matt Weiland and Sean Wilsey . Background Weiland and Wilsey stated that they were inspired by the Federal Writers Project of the 1930 s, in which the US government helped to create jobs by sending writers across the country and commissioning pieces on their sights and experiences. The two previously edited Thinking Fan s Guide to the World Cup , in which they commissioned 32 authors to write pieces on the 32 countries competing in the 2006 World Cup they decided a similar approach could be taken with the United States. Both Weiland and Wilsey decided that they wanted a mixture of approaches for the collection while several well known authors eg, Ha Jin , Jhumpa Lahiri , Dave Eggers were included, they deliberately avoided certain authors that were closely associated with a particular state for instance, Garrison Keillor with Minnesota , or Carl Hiaasen with Florida . The collection has a mix of familiarity, with some authors writing about places in which they have lived their entire lives, while others visited the state for the first time. Essays Alabama George Packer Alaska Paul Greenberg Arizona Lydia Millet Arkansas Kevin Brockmeier ... Taylor writer Craig Taylor Florida Joshua Ferris Georgia U.S. state Georgia Ha Jin Hawaii Tara Bray ... Hampshire Will Blythe New Jersey Anthony Bourdain New Mexico Ellery Washington New York state New ... Rakoff Vermont Alison Bechdel Virginia Tony Horwitz Washington U.S. state Washington Carrie Brownstein ... State Panoramic Portrait America dp 0061470902 Amazon http www.nytimes.com 2008 10 12 books review ... more details
The vortex state is a thermodynamic state of a material, characterized by co existing Electrical resistance resistive ref Normal state ref and superconducting sub regions which form cores roughly 300 nanometer nm across. ref name Nave Cite web last Nave first Carl R. year 2005 title Critical magnetic fields for superconductors url http hyperphysics.phy astr.gsu.edu hbase solids scbc.html accessdate 2008 04 06 ref ref name Sheahen Cite book last Sheahen first Thomas P. year 1994 chapter The Vortex State title Introduction to High temperature Superconductivity publisher Springer pages 26 isbn 0306447932 ref It is the state transitioned to by Type II superconductor s when an external magnetic field first overcomes the Meissner electric current current at the material s boundary. It is still possible for material in the vortex state to be superconductive as long as the cores remain relatively stationary and or there is a superconducting path through the material. See also Meissner state Semi Meissner state References references Category Superconductivity Physics stub ... more details
In probability theory and statistical mechanics , a Gibbs state is an equilibrium probability distribution which remains invariant under future evolution of the system. For example, a stationary or steady state distribution of a Markov chain , such as that achieved by running a Markov chain Monte Carlo iteration for a sufficiently long time, is a Gibbs state. Precisely, suppose math L math is a generator of evolutions for an initial state math rho 0 math , so that the state at any later time is given by math rho t e L t rho 0 math . Then the condition for math rho infty math to be a Gibbs state is math L rho infty 0 math . In physics there may be several physically distinct Gibbs states in which a system may be trapped, particularly at lower temperatures. They are named after J. Willard Gibbs , for his work in determining equilibrium properties of statistical ensemble s. See also Gibbs algorithm Gibbs measure mathapplied stub Category Statistical mechanics Category Probability theory Category Stochastic processes ko ... more details
measured and catalogued as functions of temperature and pressure. See also Excited state Ground stateStationarystate References cite book last Modell first Michael coauthors Robert C. Reid title ...Thermodynamics cTopic Thermodynamic system Systems A thermodynamic state is a set of values of properties of a Thermodynamics thermodynamic Thermodynamic system system that must be specified to reproduce the system. The individual parameters are known as state variables , state parameters or thermodynamic variables . Once a sufficient set of thermodynamic variables have been specified, values of all other properties of the system are uniquely determined. The number of values required to specify the state depends on the system, and is not always known. State functions Main State function State functions , also called thermodynamic variables , state quantities , or a functions of state describe the momentary condition of a thermodynamic system. Regardless of the path by which a system goes from one state to another i.e., the sequence of intermediate states the total change in any state variable will be the same. This means that the incremental changes in such variables are exact differential s . Examples include entropy , pressure , Thermodynamic temperature temperature , Gas volume volume , etc. Various thermodynamic diagram s have been developed to model the transitions between thermodynamic states. Equilibrium state Systems found in nature are often dynamic and complex, but in many ... condition is that of a stable equilibrium state. Based on many observations, thermodynamics postulates ... unique stable equilibrium states. Closed simple system A common example in which the state can be succinctly described is a closed simple system in an equilibrium state. A closed simple system ... and engineers have postulated that the state of a simple system at equilibrium can be completely ... state sv Termodynamiskt tillst nd uk zh ... more details
For the Angel episode Ground State Angel Image Energylevels.png thumb right Energy level s for an electron in an atom ground state and excited state s. After absorbing energy , an electron may Atomic electron transition jump from the ground state to a higher energy excited state. The ground state of a quantum mechanics quantum mechanical system is its lowest energy stationarystatestate the energy of the ground state is known as the zero point energy of the system. An excited state is any state with energy greater than the ground state. The ground state of a quantum field theory is usually called the vacuum state or the vacuum The quantum mechanical vacuum vacuum . If more than one ground state exists, they are said to be degenerate energy level degenerate . Many systems have degenerate ground states. It turns out that degeneracy occurs whenever a nontrivial unitary operator commutator commutes with the Hamiltonian quantum mechanics Hamiltonian of the system. According to the third law of thermodynamics , a system at absolute zero temperature exists in its ground state thus, its entropy is determined by the degeneracy of the ground state. Many systems, such as a perfect crystal lattice , have a unique ground state and therefore have zero entropy at absolute zero because the logarithm of 1 is 0. It is also possible for the highest excited state to have absolute zero temperature ... in a box The wave function of the ground state of a particle in a box particle in a one dimensional ... of the particle, n is the energy state n 1 corresponds to the ground state energy , and L is the width of the well. The wave function of the ground state of a hydrogen atom is a spherically symmetric ... . For hydrogen H , an electron in the ground state has energy val 13.6 u eV , relative to 0.0 ... of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state ... ko it Stato fondamentale ja ht Eta fondamantal pl Stan podstawowy simple Ground state uk ... more details
mechanics where the number of particles is conserved , a bound state is a state in Hilbert .... The energy spectrum of a bound state is discrete, unlike the continuous spectrum of isolated particles ... to carry electric charge for rather long periods. In general, a stable bound state is said to exist in a given potential of some dimension if stationary wavefunctions exist normalized in the range ... quantum field theory , a stable bound state of n particles with masses m sub 1 sub , ..., m sub ... is less than m sub 1 sub ... m sub n sub . An unstable bound state see resonance shows up as a pole ... to orbit the proton, the energy becomes negative, and a bound state namely the hydrogen atom is formed. Only the lowest energy bound state, the ground state is stable. The other excited state s are unstable ... nucleus is a bound state of proton s and neutron s nucleon s . A positronium atom is an resonance unstable bound state of an electron and a positron . It decays into photon s. The proton itself is a bound state of three quark s two up quark up and one down quark down one Quantum chromodynamics red ... Supp rho math . If the state evolution of math rho math moves this wave package constantly to the right ... is not a bound state with respect to the position. If math rho math does not change in time, i.e. math rho t rho math for all math t geq 0 math , then math rho math is a bound state with respect to position. More generally If the state evolution of math rho math just moves math rho math inside a bounded domain , then math rho math is also a bound state with respect to position. See also Composite field Resonance Bethe Salpeter equation Particles Chemical bonds DEFAULTSORT Bound State Category ... more details
1 x,t math The coefficients c sub 0,1 sub are time dependent. They represent the proportion of the state ... to fall in one of the two state when an observer will collapse the wave function. As we deal with a two ... to substitute the eigenvalues of the stationary states in the total hamiltonian. Thus we ... The probability to fall in the 1 state corresponds to math c 1 t 2 math . This is really easy to compute ... Ed., Addison Wesley, Prentice Hall Inc, 2004, ISBN 978 0 13 146100 0 Stationary States , A. Holden ... number Vacuum The quantum mechanical vacuum Quantum mechanic vacuum or vacuum state Virtual particle Steady State Operator physics Probability Integration mathematics Integration Differential equation ... more details
State of America may refer to A U.S. statestate of the United States . A Sovereignty sovereign sovereign statestate in the Americas . disambig ... more details
Orthonormal basis Probability amplitude Quantum harmonic oscillator Qubit Stationarystate W state ...Quantum mechanics cTopic Fundamental concepts In physics , a quantum state is a set of mathematical variables ... ell , m s , math defines the state of an electron within a hydrogen atom and are known as the electron ... generally, the state of the system is represented by a single vector known as a Bra ket notation ... state the mathematical object reflects the operations performed by this apparatus. Quantum states ... on a quantum state, the result is usually described by a probability distribution , and the form that this distribution takes is completely determined by the quantum state and the observable ... states It is impossible in quantum mechanics unlike classical mechanics to have any state whose ..., a pure quantum state is typically represented by a Euclidean vector vector in a Hilbert space , which ... possible to prepare a state i sub A sub i jargon inline date January 2012 such that i A i has a fixed value in this state If we repeat the experiment several times, each time measuring .... Operators serve as a Linear mapping linear function which acts on the state of the system. The eigenvalues ... corresponds to a particular state in the linear combination is complex thus allowing interference effects ... of a randomly selected system being in the state math Phi n math . Unlike the linear combination ... pure states show statistical behaviour . Regardless of how carefully we prepare the state i i of the system ... and the distribution of probabilities that is predicted by physical theories. However, there is no state which is simultaneously an eigenstate for all observables. For example, we cannot prepare a state ... on the system generally changes its state . More precisely After measuring an observable i A i , the system will be in an eigenstate of i A i thus the state has changed, unless the system was already ..., we have taken the observables i P i i t i , i Q i i t i to be dependent on time, while the state ... more details
Jefferson State may refer to Jefferson Mountain state , 1859 proposed U.S. state Jefferson South state , 1915 proposed U.S. state Jefferson Pacific state , 1941 proposed U.S. state disambig Category State name disambiguation pages nl State of Jefferson ... more details
State Comptroller can refer to National comptrollers State Comptroller of Israel U.S. states Connecticut State Comptroller Florida Comptroller Category Comptrollers of Illinois State Comptroller of Illinois Comptroller of Maryland State Comptroller of Maryland New Jersey State Comptroller State Comptroller of New Jersey New York State Comptroller State Comptroller of New York disambig ... more details
Volunteer State may refer to Tennessee , whose List of U.S. state nicknames state nickname is the Volunteer State Volunteer State Community College seealso Tennessee Volunteers disambig ... more details
Bol var State may refer to Bol var State Venezuela Bol var State Colombia Sovereign State of Bol var disambig Category State name disambiguation pages ... more details
State Penitentiary or State Pen may refer to one of various active and former penitentiaries within the United States Anamosa State Penitentiary in Anamosa, Iowa Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in Morgan County, Tennessee Colorado State Penitentiary Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Fox River State Penitentiary , a fictional penitentiary in the television series Prison Break Old Idaho State Penitentiary Iowa State Penitentiary Kentucky State Penitentiary Louisiana State Penitentiary Mississippi State Penitentiary Missouri State Penitentiary Nebraska State Penitentiary North Dakota State Penitentiary Ohio State Penitentiary the defunct Ohio Penitentiary Oklahoma State Penitentiary Oregon State Penitentiary R o Piedras State Penitentiary in Puerto Rico South Dakota State Penitentiary Washington State Penitentiary West Tennessee State Penitentiary West Virginia State Penitentiary in Moundsville, West Virginia Wetumpka State Penitentiary , formerly Alabama State Penitentiary See also List of United States state prisons disambig ... more details
Lincoln State may refer to Lincoln Northwest state , proposal for a state in the Northwest of the United States Lincoln South state , proposal for a state in the South of the United States disambig Category State name disambiguation pages ... more details
Diamond State may refer to The U.S. State of Delaware , unofficially nicknamed The Diamond State Diamond State Conference , a high school sports league Diamond State Telephone , the operating unit of Verizon serving Delaware The U.S. State of Arkansas , unofficially nicknamed The Diamond State Crater of Diamonds State Park disambig ... more details
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