wiktionary stressStress may refer to tocright Mechanical Stress mechanics , the average amount of force exerted per unit area Compressive stress , the stress applied to materials resulting in their compaction. It is the ability of a material to resist being crushed. Tensile stress also referred to as tension is the stress state leading to expansion Yield engineering Yield stress , the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically Biology Stress biology Stress physiology Stress psychological Geology Compression geology , the set of stresses directed toward the center of a rock mass Shear geology , the response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress and forms particular textures Tension geology , occurs when a rock is pulled apart in two opposite directions Music Accent music Stress band , an early 1980s melodic rock band from San Diego Stress Metal band , a Brazilian speed metal band. Stress Neo Psychedelic band , from the late 1980s Stress , a song by French band Justice, from album Stress song , the Norwegian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1968, performed in Norwegian by Odd B rre Stress Anonymus album Stress Daddy Freddy album Stress Daddy Freddy album Other Stress card game , card game Stress linguistics , phonological use of prominence in language Stress journal Stress journal , a medical journal published by Informa plc Stress The Unit Stress The Unit , an episode of the television series The Unit disambiguation ar bg bs Stres de Stress Begriffskl rung fa fr Stress homonymie ko it Stress he ja simple Stress sk Stres sr uk ... more details
Infobox single Name No Stress Cover No stress CD maxi .jpg Border Caption Artist Laurent Wolf Album Wash ... Last single Another Brick br 2006 This single No Stress br 2008 Next single Wash My World br ... No Stress is the name of a 2008 song recorded by the French House music house producer and DJ ... weeks. No Stress was also a hit in Belgium Wallonia and Flanders , where it hit number one for one week ... seven and totaled 72 weeks in the top 100. Track listings CD single Tracklist title1 No Stress note1 length1 3 26 CD maxi Tracklist title1 No Stress note1 radio edit length1 3 22 title2 No Stress note2 Anton Wick remix length2 7 28 title3 No Stress note3 Ortega & Gold remix length3 7 09 title4 Columbia note4 length4 5 10 12 maxi Tracklist title1 No Stress note1 original club mix length1 6 59 title2 No Stress note2 Anton Wick remix length2 7 28 title3 No Stress note3 Ortega & Gold remix length3 7 09 title4 No Stress note4 Anton Wick elektra remix length4 7 08 Digital download Tracklist title1 No Stress note1 Zen Acoustic version length1 3 26 title2 No Stress note2 radio edit length2 3 21 title3 No Stress note3 Anton Wick remix length3 7 29 title4 No Stress note4 Ortega & Gold remix length4 ... No Stress , Belgian Flanders Singles Chart url http www.ultratop.be nl showitem.asp?key 420755&cat ... ref cite web title No Stress , Belgian Wallonia Singles Chart url http www.ultratop.be fr showitem.asp ... 1 Czech Republic IFPI ref cite web title No Stress , Czech IFPI Chart url http www.ifpicr.cz hitparada ... No Stress , Danish Singles Chart url http danishcharts.com showitem.asp?interpret Laurent Wolf&titel ... 19 Europe Eurochart Hot 100 align center 7 France SNEP ref cite web title No Stress , French Singles ... 18 June 2008 ref align center 1 Hungary Dance Mahasz ref cite web title No Stress , Hungarian ... cite web title No Stress , Italian Singles Chart url http italiancharts.com showitem.asp?interpret ... 2008 ref align center 18 singlechart Dutch40 18 artist Laurent Wolf song No Stress Russian Airplay ... more details
Biotic Stress is stressbiologicalstress that occurs as a result of damage done to plants by other living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, beneficial and harmful insects, weeds, and cultivated or native plant s. Agriculture It is a major focus of agricultural research, due to the vast economic losses caused by biotic stress to cash crops. The relationship between biotic stress and plant yield affects economic decisions as well as practical development. The impact of biotic injury on crop yield impacts population dynamics , plant stressor coevolution , and ecosystem nutrient cycling. ref Robert K.D. Peterson, Leon G. Higley. Biotic Stress and Yield Loss. 2001. ref Biotic stress also impacts horticultural plant health and natural habitat s ecology. Biological pest control Biological pest control herbivore agents feeding on invasive species results in biotic stress, part of reducing and controlling some noxious weed s in agricultural areas and natural ecosystems. The use of Neochetina eichhorniae mottled water hyacinth weevil Neochetina eichhorniae worldwide on Eichhornia crassipes water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes is an example. ref http el.erdc.usace.army.mil pmis mergedProjects Biocontrol html neochetina eichhorniae mottled waterhyacinth weevil.htm U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Waterways Experiment Station Neochetina eichhorniae Mottled Waterhyacinth Weevil . accessed 1.11.2011 ref ref http australianmuseum.net.au image Waterhyacinth ... 1.11.2011 ref More dominant cultivated or native plants in biological weed control can cause biotic stress from root, water, or nutrient competition below the surface, or from shading of sunlight ... stress Biotic component List of beneficial weeds References refs modelling ecosystems Category Stress Category Agroecology Category Habitat management equipment and methods Category Habitat ecology terminology biology stub fr Stress biotique uk ... more details
psychology People skills Psychological resilience Stressbiological Reachback Relaxation technique Work ...Stress management refers to a wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapy psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person s levels of Stressbiologicalstress , especially chronic stress , usually for the purpose of improving everyday functioning. In this context, the term stress refers only to a stress ... by Hans Selye , rather than what he calls eustress , a stress whose consequences are helpful or otherwise positive. Stress produces numerous symptoms which vary according to persons, situations, and severity ... to the St. Louis Psychologists and Counseling Information and Referral, the process of stress management ... numerous demands that can prove difficult to handle, stress management provides a number of ways to manage anxiety and maintain overall well being. Despite stress often being thought of as a subjective experience, levels of stress are readily measureable using various physiological tests, similar to those used in polygraph s. Many practical stress management techniques are available, some for use by health practitioners and others for self help , which may help an individual to reduce stress, provide ... of the different stress management techniques can be difficult to assess, as few of them have ... or alternative therapies. There are several Scientific modelling model s of stress management, each with distinctive explanations of mechanisms for controlling stress. Much more research is necessary ... scientific basis for the study of stress. They measured the physiological responses of animals ...., NY Norton Pubs. ref ref cite journal author Selye, H year 1950 title Stress and the general adaptation ... studies of stress in humans by Richard Rahe and others established the view that stress is caused ... by the median degree of stress they produce leading to the Holmes and Rahe stress scale Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale . Thus, stress was traditionally conceptualized to be a result of external insults ... more details
Refimprove date December 2010 Merge Workplace stress date December 2010 Occupational Stress is stressbiologicalstress involving Employment work . Stress is defined in terms of its physical and physiological ... or a situation or factor that can cause stress. ref http dictionary.reference.com ref Occupational stress occurs when there is a discrepancy between the demands of the environment workplace and an individual ..., A.J. year 2008 title Occupational Stress in Organizations journal Journal of Management Research ... can strain a person physically as well as mentally. One of the main causes of occupational stress ... work environment , downsizing, and shift work can result in occupational stress. ref name Brynien ... to the stress. ref name Brynien Downsizing may also be due to the privatization of a company ... of others, do not offer encouragement, or create a hostile work environment, this can cause stress ... security , and underutilized job abilities are also causes of occupational stress. cn date March 2011 Effects Physical symptoms that may occur because of occupational stress include fatigue medical ... cite journal author Ishikawa, S, et al. year 2009 title Prospective Study on Occupational Stress ... and immune system dysfunction. Prolonged occupational stress can lead to occupational burnout . Stress Models The demand control model and the effort reward imbalance model are two work stress ... rewards. It also acknowledges a personal component to the cause of stress, overcommitment . ref cite journal author Jonge, J., Landsbergis, P. & Vegchel, N. year 2005 title Occupational Stress in inter ... volume 26 issue 5 pages 535 560 doi 10.1002 job.327 ref See also Workplace stressStress management ... 149. Minas, C. Feb 2000 Stress at Work a Sociological Perspective The Canadian Review of Sociology ... of work related stress campaign. By A Pilkington and others. 2000 . Sudbury HSE Books. Contract ... stress.aspx Stress Toolkit IOSH Aspects of occupations DEFAULTSORT Occupational Stress Category Stress ... more details
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health Stressbiological Work life balance Perceived ...Merge Occupational stress date December 2010 Image Lewis Carroll Henry Holiday Hunting of the Snark Plate 7.jpg thumb 260px Workplace stress caused by an unsuitable work environment br Illustration by Henry Holiday in Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll s The Hunting of the Snark Workplace stress is the harmful ... niosh docs 99 101 Stress at Work. U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS NIOSH Publication Number 99 101. ref A variety of factors contribute to workplace stress such as negative ... last Thomas first W coauthors Colligan MSW, & Higgins M. title Workplace Stress journal Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health year 2006 volume 21 issue 2 pages 89 97 doi 10.1300 J490v21n02 07 ref Stress ..., Clinical depression depression , anxiety , post traumatic stress disorder and other types of emotional strain e.g., dissatisfaction, Fatigue medical fatigue , Stress biology tension , etc. , maladaptive ... work productivity or even injury . ref name Thomas2006 Job stress is also associated with various biological reactions that may lead ultimately to compromised health, such as cardiovascular disease , ref cite web url http www.cdc.gov niosh programs workorg title NIOSH Work Organization and Stress ... Safety and Health ref or in extreme cases karoshi death . Prevalence Stress is a prevalent and costly problem in today s workplace. About one third of workers report high levels of stress. ref name ... the worker has more on the job stress than a generation ago. ref Princeton Survey Research Associates .... ref Evidence also suggests that stress is the major cause of Turnover employment turnover in organizations. ref name NIOSH Stressatwork With continued stress at the workplace, workers will develop psychological ... and Health and many other organizations, it is widely believed that job stress increases the risk ... levels of stress are associated with substantial increases in health service utilization. ref name NIOSH ... more details
NOTOC Stress granules are dense aggregations in the cytosol composed of proteins & RNAs that appear when the cell biology cell is under stress. The RNA molecules stored are stalled translation genetics translation pre initiation complexes failed attempts to make protein from mRNA . Stress granules are 100 200 nm in size, not surrounded by biological membrane membrane , and associated with the endoplasmatic ... Prolonged translation arrest in reperfused hippocampal cornu Ammonis 1 is mediated by stress granules ... ref Note that there are also cell nucleus nuclear stress granules. This article is about the cytosol ic variety. Proposed functions The purpose of stress granules might be to protect RNAs from harmful conditions, thus their appearance under stress. ref cite journal author Nover L ... and safe guard the information coded in their RNA sequence. Stress granules might also function ... The stress proteins that are the main component of stress granules in plant cells are molecular chaperones ... of stress. ref cite journal author Forreiter C, Kirschner M, Nover L title Stable transformation of an Arabidopsis ..., Nover L, Forreiter C title Cytosolic heat stress proteins Hsp17.7 class I and Hsp17.3 class II of tomato ... ref Therefore any association of mRNAs with stress granules may simply be a side effect of the association of partially unfolded RNA binding proteins with stress granules, ref cite journal author ... 29 34 year 1984 month Jan pmid 6200323 pmc 557293 ref Formation of stress granules Environmental stress triggers a series of signals which eventually lead to formation of stress granules. Early on, it involves ... of stress granules. The term prion like is used because aggregation of TIA 1 is concentration dependent ... . ref cite journal author Gilks N, Kedersha N, Ayodele M, et al. title Stress granule assembly ... that microtubules play a role in the formation of stress granules, maybe by transporting granule ..., Nadezhdina ES title Disruption of microtubules inhibits cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein stress granule ... more details
alike. Biological background Biology primarily attempts to explain major concepts of stress in a stimulus ...about the concept of stress in relation to biology the concept of stress in physics and mechanics Stress mechanics Stress is a term that is commonly used today but has become increasingly difficult to define. It shares, to some extent, common meanings in both the biology biological and psychology psychological sciences. Stress typically describes a negative concept that can have an impact on one s mental and physical quality of life well being , but it is unclear what exactly defines stress and whether or not stress is a cause, an effect, or the process connecting the two. With organisms as complex as humans, stress can take on entirely concrete or abstract meanings with highly subjective qualities .... The term stress had none of its contemporary connotations before the 1920s. It is a form of the Middle ... Coping and stress a conceptual analysis Journal of Advanced Nursing , 45 6 , 659 665 ref It had long been in use in Stress physics physics to refer to the internal distribution of a force exerted ... was occasionally being used in biological and psychological circles to refer to a mental strain, unwelcome ... W. B. Cannon. Physiological regulation of normal states some tentative postulates concerning biological .... Paris ditions M dicales, 1926. ref Homeostasis is a concept central to the idea of stress. In biology ... causing an organism s condition to waver away from homeostasis can be interpreted as stress. A life ..., oftentimes consuming energy and natural resources, can also be interpreted as stress. In such instances ... by Hans Selye in 1926 who loosely described stress as something that in addition to being itself, was also the cause of itself, and the result of itself. ref The Stress of Life , Hans Selye, New York McGraw Hill, 1956. ref First to use the term in a biological context, Selye continued to define stress as the non specific response of the body to any demand placed upon it. Present day neuroscientists ... more details
Stress tensor may refer to Stress mechanics , in classical physics Stress energy tensor , in relativistic theories Maxwell stress tensor , in electromagnetism See also Stress disambiguation Tensor disambiguation disambig de Spannungstensor he ... more details
orphan date September 2010 Tissue stress tissue adaptive syndrome is an unspecific adaptive reaction ... influences. Tissue stress mechanism According to tissue adaptive syndrome TAS concept, this adaptive ... of tissue stress is brought into action using such CURD properties as increase of cell unspecific resistance ... concept, the protective effect of the tissue stress is realized in the case of forming of CURD metabolism ... the protective influence of tissue stress develops a result of cell reactivity decrease in response to the external damaging influences. The place of the tissue stress in line of the unspecific adaptive reactions The main feature of the tissue stress is its formation with participation of the tissuespecific ... stress from the general adaptive syndrome, which is realized via hormones effectors of interorgan interactions see Stressbiological . Regional local stress forms with participation of not one but several tissues making up an organ or a body part. This is why it can be believed that regional stress .... Finally, the cell stress is realized via intracellular mechanisms, without any participation of intercellular ... act as self defense mechanism of the cell. Another distinctive feature of tissue stress is the principle ... tissue cells. Despite the fact that TAS, just as the cell stress, is realized via CURD, the TAS has a variety of features which distinguish it from the cell stress, the key one being the tissue selectivity of CURD initiation under TAS effectors influence. In addition, under cell stress the cell protection ... of the protective phase of this physiological reaction. Meanwhile, under tissue stress, its protective ... stress mechanism is just one of the two instruments with which TAS protects the cells of homologous ... to increase but also to decrease the unspecific resistance of the cells. Meanwhile, the cell stress ... stress, which are realized in the process of participation of its adaptive mechanism, can be considered ... of prolonged functional load. Another tissue stress function is to regulate homologous tissue ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Radial stress is Stress physics stress towards or away from the central axis of a curved member. br DEFAULTSORT Radial Stress Category Solid mechanics Engineering stub ... more details
Stress test may refer to Stress testing , a form of testing that is used to determine the stability of a given system or entity Stress testing Financial sector , broad overview of financial sector stress tests Bank stress tests , links to USA Supervisory Capital Assessment Program stress testing and EU banking stress test exercise program Stress testing software , determines the robustness of software Cardiac stress test Stress Test television , an episode of Brandy and Mr Whiskers Contraction stress test For stress testing of materials, see Fatigue material dab Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Stress intensity can refer to Stress intensity factor in fracture mechanics Tresca effective stress after Henri Tresca in material yielding disambig ... more details
refimprove date October 2010 File Stress ball manipulation.jpg thumb A stress ball in use File Turkey stress reliever.jpg thumb A turkey shaped foam rubber stress reliever A stress ball is a malleable toy, usually not more than 7 cm in diameter. It is squeezed in the hand and manipulated by the fingers, ostensibly to either help relieve stress and muscle tension or to exercise the muscles of the hand. There are many types of stress balls. Many are a closed cell polyurethane foam rubber . This type of stress ball is made by injecting the liquid components of the foam into a mold. The resulting chemical reaction creates carbon dioxide bubbles as a byproduct, which in turn creates the foam. ref cite web url http www.stressballs.gb.com info stressfaq.html title Stress Ball FAQs archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20080215101551 http www.stressballs.gb.com info stressfaq.html archivedate Feb. 15, 2008 ref Stress balls, especially those used in physical therapy , can also contain gel of different ... balls similar to a footbag are marketed and used as stress balls. Despite the name, many stress balls are not spherical. Many stress toys are molded in amusing shapes and screen or transfer printed with corporate logos. They are presented to employees and clients as promotional gifts. Stress balls are the third most popular promotional gift in the UK. citation needed date October 2010 Stress toys are a staple of cubicle s where repetitive stress injury repetitive stress injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome are common. Because of the many shapes now available, stress balls are generically known as stress relievers. Citation needed date August 2007 References reflist Commons category Stress balls DEFAULTSORT Stress Ball Category Ergonomics Category Physical therapy Category Stress Category Balls Category Executive toys Category Rubber toys ar fr Balle anti stress it Palla anti stress ml nl Stressbal sv Stressboll ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date October 2008 In continuum mechanics , Haigh Westergaard stress space , or simply stress space is a 3 dimensional space in which the three spatial axes represent the three principal stresses for a body subject to Stress physics stress . Functions of the principal stresses, such as the yield function, can be represented by surfaces in stress space . In particular, the surface represented by von Mises stress von Mises yield function is a right circular cylinder, equiaxial to each of the three stress axes. In 2 dimensional models, stress space reduces to a plane and the von Mises yield surface reduces to an ellipse. DEFAULTSORT Stress Space Category Continuum mechanics ... more details
citation style date November 2011 wikify date November 2011 Psychology sidebar Social stress is stressbiologicalstress that stems from one s relationships with others and from the social environment in general. A person experiences stress when he or she does not have the ability or resources to cope ... for one to experience stress, as the threat of such an event occurring can be sufficient. This can ... can result in social stress. This can include low social status in society or in particular groups ... . These social stressors convey that social stress can arise from one s micro environment ... . Given the social nature of humans, it is not surprising that social stress is typically the most frequent ... than other types of stressors 3 . Measurement Social stress is typically studied by asking people about their social experiences and relationships or by inducing social stress in the laboratory. Self ... questions about one s recent social stress experiences. For instance, the UCLA Life Stress Interview .... Induction In rodent models, social disruption and social defeat are two common social stress ... disrupts the social hierarchy, causing the residents social stress. In the social defeat paradigm ... rodent will be defeated, an outcome causing social stress. In human research, the Trier Social Stress Task TSST and conflict discussion are common inductions of social stress. In the TSST, participants ... lead to tension. The variety of ways to assess social stress reflects the fact that social defeat ... stress one is interested in. Mental Health In line with the notion that humans have a fundamental ... that social stress increases risk for developing a number of negative mental health outcomes ... depression significantly increases after experiencing social stress 9 and in fact, depressed individuals ... quickly than those who had experienced non socially rejecting stress 12 . In depression mood non ... 18 . Relatedly, social stress arising from discrimination is related to greater depressive symptoms ... more details
orphan date December 2009 Contrastive stress is the Stress linguistics stressing of a word or syllable different from its normal Stress linguistics accentuation or pronunciation for the purpose of providing contrast or focus from an alternative word or syllable. Examples In the Gettysburg Address given by Abraham Lincoln , the stress given in the words of , by , and for in the sentence of the people, by the people, for the people is used to distinguish the three words as having greater purpose than the common terms. ref http dictionary.reference.com browse contrastive stress ref References Reflist Category Phonology Category Phonetics ... more details
ref Chemical and biological effects Chemically, oxidative stress is associated with increased ...Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system s ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting ... signaling . Thus, oxidative stress can cause dispruptions in normal mechanisms of cellular signaling . In humans, oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the development of many diseases or may ... cite journal author Singh, N., Dhalla, A.K., Seneviratne, C., Singal, P.K. title Oxidative stress ... P, Joyeux Faure M. title Oxidative stress mediates cardiac infarction aggravation induced by intermittent ... title Alpha tocopherol protects against oxidative stress in the fragile X knockout mouse ... with sickle cell disease exhibit oxidative stress that can be ameliorated by antioxidants volume 132 ..., Alexander Hill, Christine Underwood & Jill J. F. Belch title Oxidative stress levels are raised ... stress may also be important in prevention of aging by induction of a process named hormesis mitohormesis . ref cite journal author Gems D, Partridge L title Stress response hormesis and aging ... doi 10.1016 S0891 5849 01 00480 4 ref The effects of oxidative stress depend upon the size of these changes ..., more severe oxidative stress can cause cell death and even moderate oxidation can trigger apoptosis ... destructive aspect of oxidative stress. Such species include free radical s and peroxide s. Some of the less ... H, Cronin MT title Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress journal Curr. Med. Chem. volume 12 issue ... repaired. However, under the severe levels of oxidative stress that cause necrosis, the damage ... 98 00107 5 ref ref name pmid10391922 cite journal author Lee YJ, Shacter E title Oxidative stress inhibits ... . Table adapted from. ref cite book author Sies, H. chapter Oxidative stress introductory remarks title Oxidative Stress editor H. Sies, Ed. publisher Academic Press year 1985 pages 1 7 location London ... more details
Italic title Infobox journal title Stress cover File Stress front cover.jpg thumbnail center discipline Stress biology Stress , neurology abbreviation Stress editor John A. Russell publisher Informa country United Kingdom website http www.informahealthcare.com sts impact 3.205 impact year 2009 frequency Bimonthly history 1996 present ISSN 1025 3890 eISSN 1607 8888 CODEN STREFR OCLC 36276980 Stress is a Peer review peer reviewed medical journal covering interdisciplinary aspects of stress in terms of the mechanisms of stressful stimulation, the physiological and behavioural responses to stress, and their regulation, in both the short and long term adaptive mechanisms, coping strategies and the pathological consequences of stress. This includes research in physiology , neuroscience neurobiology , molecular biology , genetics , immunology , and behavioural studies. Stress is published by Informa and is edited by John A. Russell University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, UK . Ref Cite web url http informahealthcare.com page EditorialAdvisoryBoard?journalCode sts title Stress Editorial Board accessdate 14 06 2010 ref The journal was established in 1996 and according to the Journal Citation Reports it has a 2009 impact factor of 3.205. The journal is published 6 times a year. ref cite web url http informahealthcare.com loi sts?open 2009 title Stress Online Publications accessdate 09 06 2010 format work ref References Reflist Category Medical journals Category Informa academic journals Category English language journals Category Bimonthly journals Category Publications established in 1996 ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Context date October 2009 Stress Migration is a failure mechanism that often occurs in IC metallization aluminum , copper . Voids form as result of vacancy migration driven by the hydrostatic stress gradient. Large voids may lead to open circuit or unacceptable resistance increase that impededs the IC performance. Stress Migration is often referred as Stress Voiding , Stress Induced Voiding or SIV . High temperature processing of copper dual damascene structures leaves the copper with a large tensile stress due to a mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials involved. The stress can relax with time through the diffusion of vacancies leading to the formation of voids and ultimately open circuit failures. ref Stress Migration and the Mechanical Properties of Copper, G.B. Alers, et al ref References references Category Semiconductor device fabrication industry stub ... more details
Flow stress is defined as the instantaneous value of stress required to continue deforming the material to keep the metal flowing. It is the yield strength of the metal as a function of strain, which can be expressed ref Mikell P. Groover, 2007, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing Materials, Processes, and Systems, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc. ref Yf Ke sup n sup Yf Flow stress, MPa e Strain materials science True strain K Strength Coefficient, MPa n Work hardening Strain hardening exponent Hence, Flow stress can also be defined as the stress required to sustain plastic deformation at a particular strain. The flow stress is a function of plastic strain. Flow stresses occur when a mass of flowing fluid induces a dynamic pressure on a conduit wall. The force of the fluid striking the wall acts as the load. This type of stress may be applied in an unsteady fashion when flow rates fluctuate. Water hammer is an example of a transient flow stress. The following properties that have an effect on flow stress chemical composition , purity, crystal structure , phase constitution, exit microstructure, grain size , and heat treatment . ref http www.metalpass.com metaldoc paper.aspx?docID 3 Flow Stress Bot generated title ref References reflist Category Metallurgy Category Mechanical engineering engineering stub ... more details
near the hole A stress concentration often called stress raisers or stress risers is a location in an object where stress physics stress is concentrated. An object is strongest when force is evenly distributed ... in stress. A material can fail, via a crack propagation propagating crack , when a concentrated stress exceeds the material s theoretical cohesive strength. The real fracture strength of a material ... especially foreign particles that concentrate stress. Fatigue material Fatigue cracks always start at stress raisers, so removing such defects increases the fatigue strength . Causes Image Stress.JPG right thumb 140px The sharp corner at the brick has acted as a stress concentrator within the concrete ... in the intensity of a stress field. The examples of shapes that cause these concentrations are cracks ... to minimize stress concentrations. Prevention A counter intuitive method of reducing one of the worst types of stress concentrations, a Fracture crack , is to drill a large hole at the end of the crack. The drilled hole, with its relatively large diameter , causes a smaller stress concentration ... opportune time. It is important to systematically check for possible stress concentrations caused ... to support the femur after a hip fracture fracture , but the concentration of stress at its bend increases the possibility that it may break under force. The term stress raiser is used in orthopedics a focus point of stress on an implant medicine implanted orthosis is very likely to be its point of failure. Classic cases of metallurgy metal failures due to stress concentrations include metal ... Ocean . Concentration factor for cracks main Stress intensity factor The maximum stress felt ... crack of length math 2a math and width math 2b math , under an applied external stress math sigma math , the stress at the ends of the major axes is given by math sigma max sigma left 1 ... tip. A stress concentration factor is the ratio of the highest stress math sigma max math ... more details
Cleanup date June 2008 Traumatic Stress is a commonly used term describing reactive anxiety and depression . It is not a medical term and is not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM . What is popularly referred to as Traumatic Stress is covered in DSM IV by Adjustment disorder Adjustment Disorders . This includes subtypes of anxiety , Depression mood depression and disturbance of conduct and combinations of these symptoms. It results from events that are less threatening and distressing than the events that lead to posttraumatic stress disorder . The condition presents in a manner similar to posttraumatic stress disorder , but lacking the same intensity. Category Stress ... more details
Infobox IPA above Secondary stress ipa symbol ipa number 502 decimal1 716 Secondary stress or secondary accent obsolete is the weaker of two degrees of Stress linguistics stress in the pronunciation of a word the stronger degree of stress is called primary . The help IPA International Phonetic Alphabet symbol for secondary stress is a short vertical line preceding and at the foot of the stressed ... accents for primary and secondary stress pron nci tion . Most languages, if they have stress at all, have only one degree of it on the phonemic level. That is, each syllable has stress or it does not. Many languages have rhythmic stress location of the stress may not be predictable, but once the location of one stressed syllable which may be the primary stress is known, certain syllables before or after can be predicted to also be stressed these may have secondary stress. However, a few languages may have secondary stress that is not predictable, that is, phonemic. English is generally considered to be such a language, but this analysis is problematic. Degrees of stress in English In many phonological approaches, and in many dictionaries, English is represented as having two levels of stress. Secondary stress is important primarily in long words with several syllables before the primary stress, such as c unterint lligence IPA ka nt r. n t l d ns , and after the primary stress in many ... with secondary stress in Merriam Webster s dictionaries, for example, but not in the Oxford English Dictionary. Both dictionaries assign secondary stress to the counter of counterintelligence. ref Indeed, in some theories English has been described as having three levels of stress primary, secondary ... one degree of stress, as long as unstressed vowel unstressed syllables are phonemically distinguished ... phoneme phonemic stress. They report that often the alleged secondary stress in English is not characterized by the increase in respiratory activity normally associated with primary stress in English ... more details
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