Unreferenced date May 2009 In computer programming , a strongreference is a normal Reference computer science reference that protects the referred object from collection by a garbage collection computer science garbage collector . The term is used to distinguish the reference from weak reference s. Memory management navbox a Category Programming constructs Category Memory management compu lang stub ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 pp move indef Reference is a relation between objects in which one object ... object refers is called the referent of the first object. The term reference is used in many spheres ... hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography . The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects. Etymology The word reference is derived from ... science Main Reference computer science In computer science , Reference computer science reference ... of data structure s, such as linked list s. Generally, a reference is a value that enables a program to directly access the particular data item. Most programming language s support some form of reference. The C programming language has a specific type of reference also referred to as a reference see reference C . Bibliographies Bibliographies are special reference work s that are used to identify ... or researchers. Library and information sciences In a library , reference may refer to a dictionary , an encyclopedia or other reference work , that contains many brief articles that cover a broad scope of knowledge in one book, or a set of books. However, the word reference is also used to mean a book that cannot be taken from the room, or from the building. Many of the books in the reference department of a library are reference works, but some are books that are simply too large or valuable to loan out. Conversely, selected reference works may be shelved with other library circulation ... Resource Identifier URI . Librarians also conduct reference interview s at the library reference ... though virtual reference and digital reference services . Encyclopedias & books of facts Some published sources are produced as reference work s that allow quick access to essential information about .... Psychology In terms of mental processing, a self reference is used in psychology to establish ... own frames of reference in a greater state of immediate awareness. However, it can laso lead ... more details
Wiktionary strong TOCright Strong may refer to People Strong surname Strong Vincent 1837 1863 , Union Army officer who played a major role in the Battle of Gettsyburg Fictional characters Tom Strong , in comic book series Captain Strong , in Superman comics series Mr. Strong , in Mr. Men book series In the Homestar Runner web cartoon series Strong Bad Strong Mad Strong Sad Places Strong, Arkansas , a city Strong Township, Chase County, Kansas Strong, Maine , a town Strong, Mississippi , an unincorporated community Strong River , Mississippi Fort Strong , Boston harbor, Massachusetts Strong, Ontario , Canada Mount Strong , Antarctica Strong Peak , Antarctica 22622 Strong , an asteroid Music Strong Tracy Lawrence album Strong Tracy Lawrence album Strong Thomas Anders album Strong Thomas Anders album Strong Arrested Development album Strong Arrested Development album Strong song Strong song by Robbie Williams Other USS Strong USS Strong , two United States Navy destroyers Strong s Concordance , concordance of the King James Bible Strong Memorial Hospital , hospital at University of Rochester Medical Center in Rochester, New York, USA Strong House disambiguation , various buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places Strong Hall Lawrence, Kansas , an administrative hall of the University of Kansas See also The Strong disambiguation Strong City disambiguation Stronger disambiguation Strength disambiguation disambig ca Strong de Strong es Strong fr Strong it Strong ja pt Strong ru vo Strong ... more details
Use dmy dates date November 2011 Use Australian English date November 2011 Infobox Single Name Be Strong Cover Bestrong.jpg Artist Delta Goodrem from Album Mistaken Identity Delta Goodrem album Mistaken Identity B side Released Start date df yes 2005 10 16 small Australia small Format Music download Digital download Recorded 2004 Genre Pop music Pop Length 3 52 Label Daylight Records Daylight Epic Records Epic Writer Bridget Benenate , Matthew Gerrard , Delta Goodrem Producer Matthew Gerrard Certification Last single A Little Too Late Delta Goodrem song A Little Too Late br 2005 This single Be Strong br 2005 Next single Together We Are One br 2006 Misc Be Strong is a Pop music pop ballad written by Bridget Benenate , Matthew Gerrard , and Delta Goodrem , produced by Gerrard for Goodrem s second album Mistaken Identity Delta Goodrem album Mistaken Identity 2004 . It was released as the album s fifth and final single in Australia as a Music download digital download on 16 October 2005. At the time of release, digital downloads were not included as part of the main singles chart, therefore it was ineligible to chart. In the DVD for her album Mistaken Identity , Goodrem reveals she wrote the song in support of her good friend and fellow cancer sufferer, late actress Belinda Emmett . Be Strong was released with two exclusive and previously unreleased live B sides Be Strong and Last Night on Earth , both recorded at the Sydney SuperDome now Acer Arena on Goodrem s 2005 The Visualise Tour Visualise Tour . The video for Be Strong was also a hit on both the TV and the internet, taking out the number one spot on the Yahoo Music Video chart. It featured footage from Goodrem s before mentioned, Visualise Tour in 2005. The single was also released as a strictly limited edition promotional ... edition CD single Be Strong Digital download Be Strong Be Strong Visualise Tour Live 2005 Last Night ... Be Strong ro Be Strong ... more details
About the museum Refimprove date April 2011 File Strong museum logo Sep 2010.jpg right The Strong is an interactive, collections based educational institution in Rochester, New York , USA , devoted to the study and exploration of play. ref http www.rbj.net article.asp?aID 185347 ref It carries out this mission through five programmatic arms called Play Partners. These are the National Museum of Play , the International Center for the History of Electronic Games , the National Toy Hall of Fame , the Brian Sutton Smith Library and Archives of Play, and the American Journal of Play . Independent and not for profit, The Strong houses hundreds of thousands of historical materials related to Play activity play . These enable a multifaceted array of research, exhibition, and other interpretive activities that serve a diverse audience of adults, families, children, students, teachers, scholars, collectors, and others around the globe. Overview Known originally as the Margaret Woodbury Strong Museum and later simply as the Strong Museum, it became the Strong National Museum of Play in 2006 after completing renovations and an expansion that nearly doubled its size to 282,000 square feet 26,200m2 . The institution rebranded as The Strong in 2010 housing the National Museum of Play and four additional Play Partners. ref http rocpost.com arts rebranding initiative announced by strong national museum of play C2 AE ref ref http www.rochestercitynewspaper.com entertainment family 2010 09 MUSEUMS Clarifying The Strong announcement ref The Strong collects and preserves artifact archaeology artifacts , documents, and other materials that illuminate the meaning and importance of play. The hundreds of thousands of objects in The Strong s collections comprise the world s most comprehensive assemblage ... library and papers of eminent play scholar Brian Sutton Smith , this Strong Play Partner holds ... , August September 1986 37 5 Category Organizations based in Rochester, New York DEFAULTSORT Strong ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 A phantom reference is one of the strengths or levels of non strongreferencestrongreference defined in the Java programming language Java programming language the others being weak reference weak and soft reference soft . ref cite web title Package java.lang.ref url http docs.oracle.com javase 7 docs api java lang ref package summary.html work Java Platform, Standard Edition 7 API Specification publisher Oracle accessdate 12 December 2011 ref An object is phantomly referenced after it has been finalizer finalized , but before its allocated memory has been reclaimed. See also Weak reference Soft reference Circular reference References Reflist Category Programming constructs Category Memory management compu lang stub cs Phantom reference ... more details
A soft reference is one of the strengths or levels of non strongreferencestrongreference defined in the Java programming language Java programming language , the others being weak reference weak and phantom reference phantom . The Garbage collection computer science garbage collector will always collect weakly referenced objects, but will only collect softly referenced objects when its algorithms decide that memory is low enough to warrant it. Soft and weak references provide two quasi priorities for non strongly referenced objects. Soft references may be used, for example, when writing a cache computing cache weakly referenced objects may disappear too quickly to make the cache useful. See also Weak reference Phantom reference Circular reference External links http www.pawlan.com monica articles refobjs Java developer article Reference Objects and Garbage Collection http weblogs.java.net blog enicholas archive 2006 05 understanding w.html Understanding Weak References Category Data types Category Memory management compu lang stub ... more details
, which recommends avoiding reference cycles by using strong counted references for parent to child ...Refimprove date November 2009 In computer science , reference counting is a technique of storing the number ... garbage collection algorithm that uses these reference counts to deallocate objects which are no longer referenced. Use in garbage collection As a garbage collection algorithm, reference counting tracks, for each object, a count of the number of reference computer science reference s to it held by other objects. If an object s reference count reaches zero, the object has become inaccessible, and can be destroyed. When an object is destroyed, any objects referenced by that object also have their reference counts decreased. Because of this, removing a single reference can potentially lead to a large number of objects being freed. A common modification allows reference counting to be made incremental instead of destroying an object as soon as its reference count becomes zero, it is added to a list .... Simple reference counts require frequent updates. Whenever a reference is destroyed or overwritten, the reference count of the object it references is decremented, and whenever one is created or copied, the reference count of the object it references is incremented. Reference counting is also ... and disadvantages The main advantage of reference counting over tracing garbage collection .... Reference counting is also among the simplest forms of garbage collection to implement. It also ... may cause problems . Reference counting Weighted reference counting Weighted reference counts are a good ... space to be efficient. Reference counting performance does not deteriorate as the total amount of free ... accessdate December 5, 2009 id ISBN 3 540 55940 X Section 2.1. ref Reference counts are also useful ... due to frequent copies. However, if we know an object has only one reference as most do in many systems , and that reference is lost at the same time that a similar new object is created as in the string ... more details
science garbage collector unlike a strongreference . An object referenced only by weak references ... reference isn t strong enough to prevent garbage collection, so it may be if there are no strong ...In computer programming , a weak reference is a reference computer science reference that does not protect ... s and data corruption. There are two main types of garbage collection tracing and reference counting . Reference counting schemes record the number of references to a given object and collect the object when the reference count becomes zero. Reference counting cannot collect cyclic or circular references ... the effect of a memory leak . Weak references references which are not counted in reference counting may be used to solve the problem of circular references if the reference cycles are avoided ... Cocoa framework recommends this approach, by using strong references for parent to child references ... referencing them. Variations Some languages have multiple levels of weak reference strength. For example, Java programming language Java has, in order of decreasing strength, soft reference soft , weak, and phantom reference phantom references, defined in the Java package package Java Platform, Standard ... . published on May 4, 2006. accessed on October 1, 2010 ref Each reference type has an associated ... the other reference types, a phantom reference cannot be followed. On the other hand, phantom references ... . what situations call for which type of reference Some non garbage collected languages, such as C , provide weak strongreference functionality as part of supporting garbage collection libraries. In the case of C , normal pointers are weak and smart pointer s are strong although pointers are not true ... If a weak reference is created, and then elsewhere in the code can be used code http download.oracle.com ..., a weak hash map , one can store in the cache the various referred objects via a weak reference ... weak table.item collectgarbage print weak table.item source See also Soft reference Phantom reference ... more details
Reference date may mean Reference date United States business cycles See Epoch reference date for information on dates used as reference points for calendars and time standards disambig ... more details
Reference frame may refer to Frame of reference , in physics Reference frame video , frames of a compressed video that are used to define future frames disambig ... more details
Point of reference is the intentional use of one thing to indicate something else. It may refer to Reference point General usage Frame of reference Physics usage disambig ... more details
Reference ranges In health related fields, a reference range or reference interval usually describes ... of a reference range usually referred to if not otherwise specified basically originates in what is most prevalent in a reference group taken from the population. However, there are also optimal health ... The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the prediction interval between which 95 of values of a reference group fall into, in such a way that 2.5 of the time ... Reference ranges that are given by this definition are sometimes referred as standard ranges . Regarding the target population, if not otherwise specified, a standard reference range generally denotes ... established. These are likewise established using reference groups from the healthy population, and are sometimes ... who have a particular condition may still fall within this interval. However, reference ranges .... In some cases, diseased individuals are taken as the population, establishing reference ranges among those having a disease or condition. Preferably, there should be specific reference ranges ... methods Methods for establishing reference ranges are mainly based on assuming a normal distribution ... distribution, the reference range is obtained by measuring the values in a reference group and taking ... of fasting plasma glucose taken from a reference group of 12 subjects ref name Keevil1998 http ... limits of the standard reference range are calculated as math Lower limit m t 0.975,11 times sqrt ... reference range for this example is estimated to be 4.4 to 6.3 mmol L. Confidence interval of limit File Standard deviation of standard reference range limit.png thumb 250px A log log graph showing the standard deviation of a standard reference range limit SDSRRL on the y axis , as a function of the sample size on the x axis . The confidence interval of a standard reference range limit as estimated ... reference range limit SDSRRL , as, in turn, can be estimated by a diagram such as the one shown at right ... more details
Refimprove date November 2010 A voltage reference is an electronic device that produces a fixed constant voltage irrespective of the loading on the device, power supply variations, temperature changes, and the passage of time. Voltage references are used in power supply voltage regulator s, analog to digital converter s and digital to analog converter s, and myriad other measurement and control systems. Voltage references vary widely in performance a regulator for a computer power supply may only hold its value to within a few per cent of the nominal value, whereas laboratory voltage standards have precisions and stability measured in parts per million . In metrology The earliest voltage references or standards were wet chemical cells such as the Clark cell and Weston cell , which are still used in some laboratory and calibration applications. Laboratory grade Zener diode secondary solid state voltage standards used in metrology can be constructed with a drift of about 1 part per million ... reference. This voltage ranges from 0.3 V for germanium diodes up to about 3 volts for certain light emitting diode s. These devices have a strong temperature dependence, which may make them ... frequently used to provide a reference voltage of moderate stability and accuracy, useful for many .... The most common voltage reference circuit used in integrated circuits is the bandgap voltage reference . A bandgap based reference commonly just called a bandgap uses analog circuits to add a multiple ... voltage reference LM317 References references External links http www.maxim ic.com appnotes.cfm appnote number 719 CMP WP 37 Understanding Voltage Reference Topologies and Specifications http www.national.com rap Application 0,1570,24,00.html The Design of Band Gap Reference Circuits Trials and Tribulations ... 2009 How To Choose A Voltage Reference Brendan Whelan, Linear Technology Corporation DEFAULTSORT Voltage Reference Category Semiconductors Category Vacuum tubes de Referenzspannungsquelle ja ... more details
Reference state is the intentional use of one thing to indicate something else. It may refer to Reference point General usage Standard state Chemistry usage disambig ... more details
A reference circuit is a hypothetical electric circuit of specified equivalent length and computer configuration configuration , and having a defined transmission characteristic or characteristics, used primarily as a reference for measuring the performance of other, i.e., real, circuits or as a guide for planning and engineering of circuits and networks. Normally, several types of reference circuits are defined, with different configurations, because Telecommunication communications are required over a wide range of distances. Another type of reference circuit shows how to configure integrated circuits into function blocks, which Analog Devices provides for electrical design engineers. Analog Devices Circuits from the Lab reference circuits are fully tested and come with the schematics, evaluation boards, and device drivers necessary for system integration. A group of related reference circuits is also called a reference system . References FS1037C MS188 See also netlist SPICE Category Electronic circuits ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 The Reference 54 is a model of alto saxophone alto and tenor saxophone s, and part of the Selmer ReferenceReference series by musical instrument manufacturing company The Selmer Company Selmer . ref Cite web url http www.kesslermusic.com SelmerLeblanc referencesax.htm title Selmer Reference 54 & 36 Series Saxophones accessdate 17 May 2009 ref See also The Selmer Company References Reflist Woodwind instrument stub Category Musical instrument manufacturing companies Category Saxophones ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A reference collection is a collecting collection of objects maintained for the purpose of study and authentication. Reference collections are generally large undertakings maintained by institutions instead of having a single representative of each object, they will typically have multiples, so as to illustrate variations and, sometimes, provide samples for comparisons. For human created objects such as postage stamp s or coin s, a good reference collection will also include an assortment of carefully labelled fakes and forgeries. Since the purpose is study rather than personal gratification or display, a reference collection values damaged objects as much as the pristine in fact, organizations maintaining reference collections will encourage members to donate their damaged or poor condition items to the collection. In biology , reference collections, such as herbarium herbaria are an important sort of information about variations of populations within a species. They are also the repository of holotype s used as the official definition of species. In philately , reference collections are critical to expertization , since the characteristics differentiating authentic stamps from reprints, fakes, and forgeries are often too subtle to be described verbally. DEFAULTSORT Reference Collection Category Collecting ... more details
For reference questions in the context of libraries Reference interview In Canada Canadian Law of Canada law , a Reference Question is a submission by the Canadian government federal or a Provinces and territories ... Court or Court of Appeal. The process is very similar to the federal government reference questions .... Attorney General of Canada Reference Appeal 1912 A.C. 571, the role of the courts in references is not judicial ... Australia and the United States, eschew reference jurisdiction for their courts. In the U.S. ... took counsel from Canadian legal academics. Notable Federal Reference Questions There have been over 75 federal references since 1892. Some of the most notable include Reference re Securities Act , 2011 Re Same Sex Marriage Reference re Same Sex Marriage , 2004 Reference re Secession of Quebec , http canlii.ca en ca scc doc 1998 1998canlii793 1998canlii793.html 1998 nowiki nowiki 2 S.C.R. 217 Reference re Quebec Sales Tax , 1994 Reference re Ng Extradition , 1991 Reference re David Milgaard Conviction ... 866 April 14, 1992 Reference re Manitoba Language Rights 1984 , http canlii.ca en ca scc doc 1985 1985canlii33 1985canlii33.html 1985 nowiki nowiki 1 S.C.R. 721 Reference re Upper Churchill Water Rights Reversion Act , 1984 Reference re Authority of Parliament in Relation to the Upper House , http ... Reference Anti Inflation Reference , 1976 Reference re Regina v. Coffin affair Coffin , http canlii.ca en ca scc doc 1956 1956canlii94 1956canlii94.html 1956 nowiki nowiki S.C.R. 191 Reference re Persons of Japanese Race , 1946 S.C.R. 248 Re Eskimos , 1939 Reference re Alberta Statutes 1938 S.C.R. 100 Notable Provincial Reference Questions http scc.lexum.org en 2010 2010scc61 2010scc61.html Reference re Assisted Human Reproduction Act , 2010 SCC 61, 2010 3 S.C.R. 457 Reference re Firearms Act , 2000 1 S.C.R. 783 Reference re Provincial Court Judges , 1997 http scc.lexum.org en 1992 1992scr2 445 1992scr2 445.html Reference re Goods and Services Tax, 1992 nowiki nowiki 2 S.C.R. 44 Quebec ... more details
Reference data are data describing a physical or virtual object and its properties. fact date April 2008 Reference data are usually described with nouns. fact date April 2008 Reference data is used in data management to define characteristics of an identifier that are used within other data centric processes. For example reference data within finance might be a product master or a security master. Typical reference data are Physical products, material, assets, customers, locations Virtual cost centers, planned buildings Reference data can change over time via transactions described in transaction data . E.g. a logistical transaction can change the location of an object, a financial transaction like adding tax can change the price of an object and a series of work transaction can change a virtual object like a planned building into a physical object. Master reference data A special type of reference data is master reference data these are reference data shared over a number of systems. Some master reference data are universal like the list of Country Countries and can be covered by a global standard in this case ISO 3166 1 . Master data and Master reference data Master reference data are sometimes called Master Data . This usage of the term Master data should be avoided, fact date April 2008 since Master data is also the term used for original data , like an original recording see also Master Tape . Master data is collected on a http www.polarlake.com reference data management introduction Data Management Platform . The platform enables the acquisition, management and distribution of vendor and internally sourced Reference Data. See also Data modeling Master Data Management Enterprise bookmarking Data architecture Transaction data Category Data management de Stammdaten ... more details
Multiple issues tone August 2008 unreferenced August 2008 The Creditor Reference also called the Structured Creditor Reference is an international business standard based on International Organization for Standardization ISO 11649, implemented at the end of 2008. Using Creditor Reference, a company can automatically match its remittance information to its accounts receivable A R . This means that the company s financial supply chain s Straight through processing STP will be increased. The Creditor Reference was first implemented within the Single Euro Payments Area SEPA rulebook 3.2. Implementation A vendor adds the Creditor Reference to its invoices. When a customer pays the invoice, the company writes the Creditor Reference instead of the invoice number in the message section, or places a Creditor Reference field in its payment ledger. When the vendor receives the payment, it can automatically match the remittance information to its Accounts Receivable system. Structure The Creditor Reference is an alphanumeric string, 25 characters long, with the letters RF at the beginning. After the letters are two check digits, which confirm that the reference will be entered correctly. The remaining part of the Creditor Reference up to 21 alphanumeric characters is the Reference. The content of the Creditor Reference can be determined without any restrictions. Example RF 18 5390 0754 7034 in this example, the check digits are 18 References reflist External links http www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu knowledge bank detail.cfm?documents id 144 European Payment Council s Creditor Reference pages http www.iso.org ISO white papers https www.swiftcommunity.net communities detail.cfm?communityId 106 SWIFT Community requires registration http www.jknc.eu RFcalculator Creditor Reference Calculator http www.scopulus.co.uk Business Resources Category Business economics Category ISO standards ... more details
multiple issues refimprove July 2008 cleanup July 2008 In computer science , locality of reference , also known as the principle of locality , is the phenomenon of the same value or related computer storage storage locations being frequently accessed. There are two basic types of reference locality. Temporal locality refers to the reuse of specific data and or resources within relatively small time durations. Spatial locality refers to the use of data elements within relatively close storage locations. Sequential locality, a special case of spatial locality, occurs when data elements are arranged and accessed linearly, e.g., traversing the elements in a one dimensional array. Locality is merely one type of predictability predictable behavior that occurs in computer systems. Systems which exhibit strong locality of reference are good candidates for performance optimization through the use of techniques like the CPU cache cache and instruction prefetch technology for memory or the advanced branch predictor at the Pipeline computing pipelining of processors. Locality of reference The locality of reference, also known as the locality principle, is the phenomenon that the collection of the data ... and shape of the area around the current reference for which it is worthwhile to prepare faster access ... locality of reference. Furthermore, moving to the next item implies that the next item will be read, hence spatial locality of reference, since memory locations are typically read in batches. Linear data structures Locality often occurs because code contains loops that tend to reference arrays .... Data locality is a typical memory reference feature of regular programs though many irregular ... see that since code j code affects the column reference of both matrices code C code and code B code ... DEFAULTSORT Locality Of Reference Category Computer memory Category Software optimization de Lokalit tseigenschaft ... refer ncia simple Locality of reference ... more details
Infobox software name Reference Manager logo screenshot caption author developer Research Information Systems later acquired by Thomson Corporation Thomson ISI ResearchSoft released 1984 latest release version 12 latest release date 02 09 2008 latest preview version 12 latest preview date programming language operating system Microsoft Windows no versions for Mac or Linux platform language English language English status genre reference management software Reference management license Proprietary software Proprietary website http www.refman.com Reference Manager is a commercial reference management software package sold by Thomson Reuters . It was the first commercial software of its kind, originally ... Windows and later the Apple Macintosh . Operation How to section date October 2009 Reference Manager is most commonly used by people who want to share a central database of reference s and need to have .... Reference Manager offers different in text citation templates for each Reference Type. When writing papers, you may want to have a different in text citation style depending on the reference type you are citing, or journal you are writing for. For example, if you insert a reference for a Book which appears as Smith, 1999 , using Reference Manager you can also insert a reference for a Academic journal Journal , and it could appear differently, e.g. Smith, 1999 without the brackets . Reference ... Animals are also returned. Reference Manager Web Publisher allows publishing a reference databases ... references into their own bibliographic software. Others can even edit the reference information so ... and Web Services Description Language WSDL standard services. See also Comparison of reference management software External links http lists.adeptscience.co.uk refman Reference Manager Email List Archive http www.refman.com rmword2k7.asp Issues with Word 2007 Reference management software Category Reference management software Category Proprietary software Category Windows software software ... more details
A reference card or quick reference card is a concise bundling of common syntax syntactic rules and idiom s of a particular formal language . It serves as an ad hoc memory aid for an experienced user . In spite of what the name reference card suggest, the term only tends to be used in the narrow context of programming language s or markup language s. However, this concept is now being adopted to portray concise information in many other fields. Appearance Due to its logical structure and conciseness, finding information in a reference card is trivial for humans and requires no computer interaction. It is therefore convenient for a user to printing print out a reference card. This in contrast to user guide s, which tend to be large & verbose and to have a very low information density in comparison to reference cards . Examples Wikimedia wiki syntax ref card meta Help Reference card A LaTeX http www.stdout.org winston latex latexsheet.pdf reference sheet PDF An AMS LaTeX http www control.eng.cam.ac.uk pcr20 latex LaTeXRefCard.v1.0.pdf PDF An R programming language R reference card http cran.r project.org doc contrib Short refcard.pdf PDF An R programming language R reference card for data mining http www.rdatamining.com docs PDF See also Cheat sheet User guide External links http refcards.com The refcards.com collection of reference cards http www.digilife.be quickreferences quickrefs.htm Collection of reference cards http devcheatsheet.com Directory of cheat sheets and quick reference cards Category Technical communication compu stub pl ci ga Inne rodzaje ci g pt Cart o de refer ncia sv Lathund ... more details
A reference model in systems engineering systems , enterprise engineering enterprise , and software engineering .... A reference model can represent the component parts of any consistent idea, from business functions to system components, as long as it represents a complete set. This frame of reference can then be used to communicate ideas clearly among members of the same community. Reference models are often ... Standards a reference model is an abstract framework for understanding significant relationships ... supporting that environment. A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts and may be used as a basis for education and explaining standards to a non specialist. A reference ... different implementations. ref cite web title OASIS SOA Reference Model url http www.oasis open.org ... of concepts rolled up into that of a reference model. Each of these concepts is important Abstract a reference model is abstract. The things described by a reference model are not actual ... of the reference model. One must understand the concept of a wall in order to build a house that has walls. Entities and relationships A reference model contains both entities things that exist and relationships ... a reference model. Within an environment A reference model does not attempt to describe all things. A reference model is used to clarify things within an environment or a problem space. To be useful, a reference model should include a clear description of the problem that it solves, and the concerns of the stakeholders who need to see the problem get solved. Technology agnostic A reference ... computing environment. A reference model is a mechanism for understanding the problems faced, not the solutions ... value to the practitioner. Note That does not preclude the development of a reference model that describes ... applications. The uses of a reference model There are many uses for a reference model. One ..., such as the ability to extend the software in an inexpensive way. Another use of a reference ... more details
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