A stylet may refer to An archaeological term for a type of flint tool found in Lebanon also known as a Minet ed Dhalia point . Stylet anatomy , a hard, sharp anatomical structure In the medical industry a stylet is a slender medical probe or device. For example, stylets used to facilitate tracheal intubation see Tracheal intubation Stylets disambig ... more details
otheruses Stylet disambiguation A stylet is a hard, sharp, anatomical structure found in some invertebrate s. wiktionary For example, the word stylet or stomatostyle , is used for the primitive piercing mouthparts of some nematode s and some nemertea ns. In these groups the stylet is a hardened protrusible opening to the stomach . The stylet is adapted for the piercing of cell walls, and usually functions by providing the operative organism with access to the nutrients contained within the prey cell. The mouthparts of tardigrade s and aphids are also called stylets. References reflist External links http plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu nemaplex General Anatomy digestive.htm Anatomy and Morphology website, U.C. Davis Category invertebrate anatomy Category Nematode anatomy invertebrate stub Animal anatomy stub ... more details
Automatic taxobox image Geocentrophora baltica.jpg image width 200px image caption Geocentrophora baltica authority Reisinger, 1924 display children 1 The Lecithoepitheliata are an order of turbellaria n Platyhelminthes flatworms . They are free living worms, found in both freshwater and marine environments. They are distinguished from other flatworms by the presence of four nerve cords and the fact that the ovary forms a single structure that both produces the ovum and nourishing yolk cells. In most other flatworms, yolk cells, where present at all, are typically formed in a gland derived from the ovary, but separate from it. Other diagnostic features of this order include the presence of a sharp stylet anatomy stylet on the end of the penis, and a simple, unbranched, intestine. References cite book author Barnes, Robert D. year 1982 title Invertebrate Zoology publisher Holt Saunders International location Philadelphia, PA page 229 isbn 0 03 056747 5 flatworm stub Category Platyhelminthes ca Lecitoepiteliat fr Lecithoepitheliata tr Lecithoepitheliata ... more details
File Minet ed Dhalia Point.jpg right 250px thumb Minet ed Dhalia point. Also called a stylet . Discovered at Shemlan. White patinated flint. A Minet ed Dhalia point or stylet is an archaeological term for an elongated, isosceles triangle made with pressure flaking on both faces of a piece of flint . They are predominantly found at sites in Lebanon ancient Canaan . ref name CopelandWescombe1965 cite book author1 Lorraine Copeland author2 P. Wescombe title Inventory of Stone Age sites in Lebanon, p. 49 and Figure XVI, p. 162 url http books.google.com books?id 6YsRRwAACAAJ accessdate 21 July 2011 year 1965 publisher Imprimerie Catholique ref They are the type tool of the n olithique Ancien Ancient Chalcolithic , named after the archaeological site of Minet ed Dhalia in Ras Beirut . The stylets range from convert 2 in cm to convert 8 in cm in length. They were first observed by Dawson in 1884 and later by Godefroy Zumoffen in 1910 and called stylets by Raoul Describes . ref Zumoffen, Godefroy., Le N olithiqueen Ph nicie, Anthropos, Volume 5, Plate V, p. 150, 1910. ref The exact use of Minet ed Dhalia points is uncertain although the shape bears certain similarities to metal fleshing tools used in the area in modern times. ref name CopelandWescombe1965 References Reflist Category Weapons Category Lithics Category Paleolithic ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Tobacco stunt nematode regnum Animal ia phylum Nematoda classis Secernentea subclassis Diplogasteria ordo Tylenchida superfamilia Tylenchoidea familia Belonolaimidae subfamilia Telotylenchinae genus Tylenchorhynchus species Tylenchorhynchus claytoni binomial Tylenchorhynchus claytoni binomial authority Steiner, 1937 Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Tobacco stunt nematode, Tesselate stylet nematode is a plant pathogenic nematode. External links http plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu Nemaplex Taxadata G138s2.HTM Nemaplex, University of California Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Category Agricultural pest nematodes Category Plant pathogens and diseases nematode stub plant disease stub ... more details
A Veress needle is a spring loaded needle used to create pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery . Of the three general approaches to laparoscopic access, the Veress needle technique is the oldest and most traditional. History The tool was first developed in 1932 by Janos Veress, a Hungarian people Hungarian internist working with tuberculosis patients. At the time, one of the mainstays of treatment was to collapse an infected lung and allow lesions to heal. ref name Wolfart 1990 cite journal author Wolfart W title Surgical treatment of tuberculosis and its modifications collapse therapy and resection treatment and their present day sequelae journal Offentl Gesundheitswes volume 52 issue 8 9 pages 506 11 year 1990 pmid 2146567 ref The needle was introduced as a safer technique to give patients such pneumothoraces. It was not until 1938, when he published his invention in the German language German literature, that the needle became more broadly known outside of Hungary. ref name Original Article Veres J 1938 Neues instrument zur ausfuhrung von brust oder bauchpunktionen und pneumothoraxbehandlung. Deut Med Wochenschr 64 1480 1481 ref Description Modern needles are 12 to 15 cm long, with an external diameter of 2 mm. The outer cannula consists of a beveled needle point for cutting through tissues of the abdominal wall . A spring loaded, inner stylet is positioned within the outer cannula. This inner stylet has a dull tip to protect any viscera from injury by the sharp, outer cannula. Direct pressure on the tip as when penetrating through tissue pushes the dull stylet into the shaft of the outer cannula. When the tip of the needle enters a space such as the peritoneal cavity , the dull, inner stylet springs forward. Carbon dioxide is then passed through the Veress needle to inflate the space, creating a pneumoperitoneum . ref name ACS Gould JC, Philip A. Principles and Techniques of Abdominal Access and Physiology of Pneumoperitoneum. In Ashley SW. ACS Sur ... more details
File Orosius orientalis EPG.jpg thumb left The Common Brown Leafhopper Orosius orientalis connected to the EPG electrode The electrical penetration graph or EPG is a system used by biologists to study the interaction of insect s such as aphid s, thrips , and leafhopper s with plant s. Therefore, it can also be used to study the basis of plant virus transmission, host plant selection by insects and the way in which insects can find and feed from the phloem of the plant. It is a simple system consisting of a partial Electronic circuit circuit which is only completed when a species such as aphids, which are the most abundantly studied, inserts its stylet into the plant in order to probe the plant as a suitable host for feeding. The completed circuit is displayed visually as a graph with different waveforms indicating either different insect activities such as saliva excretion or the ingestion of cellular contents or indicating which tissue type has been penetrated i.e. phloem , xylem or mesophyll . So far, around ten different graphical waveforms are known, correlating with different insect plant interaction events. The Circuit The circuit connects to the insect via a 20 m gold wire and to the plant via a copper electrode placed in the soil. The circuit also passes through, normally, a one gigaohm resistor and a 50x amplifier before the results are stored digitally and interpreted by a computer to calculate the final graph. Image EPG circuit.png 600px See also Plant Virus es Epidemiology Aphididae Insect External links http www.epgsystems.eu EPG systems Tjallingii, W.F. 1988 . Electrical recording of stylet penetration activities. In A.K. Minks & P. Harrewijn eds. . Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control, 95 108. Martin, B. Collar, J.L. Tjallingii, W.F. Fereres, A. 1997 . Intracellular ingestion and salivation may cause the acquisition and inoculation of non persistently transmitted plant viruses. Journal of General Virology, 78, 2701 2705. DEFAULTSOR ... more details
distinguish2 mandrel any object used to shape machined work for the 1962 film Mandrin film A mandrin is a metal guide for flexible catheter s. ref name SaundersDorlands2007 http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com mandrin thefreedictionary.com mandrin Citing Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. 2007 by Elsevier, Inc., and Dorland s Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier. ref It is a stiff wire or stylet inserted into the soft catheter and gives it shape and firmness while passing through a hollow tubular structure. ref name HoughtonMifflin http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com mandrin thefreedictionary.com mandrin . The American Heritage Medical Dictionary . 2007 by Houghton Mifflin Company . ref It is sometimes called a mandrel ref name HoughtonMifflin , although a mandrel may refer to other types of instruments as well. See also portal box Medicine clear References reflist Category Catheters medical equipment stub ... more details
Taxobox name Chaoboridae image Chaoborus sp. pupa, Netherlands.jpg image caption Chaoborus pupa regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera subordo Nematocera infraordo Culicomorpha superfamilia Culicoidea familia Chaoboridae subdivision ranks Subfamilies subdivision Chaoborinae Eucorethrinae Chaoboridae , commonly known as phantom midges , are a family of fairly common midges with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are closely related to Corethrellidae and Chironomidae the adults are differentiated through peculiarities in wing venation. If they eat at all, the adults feed on nectar. The larvae are aquatic. They are unique due to their feeding method. The antennae of phantom midge larvae are modified into a grasping organ, which captures food, such as small insect larvae and crustaceans like Daphnia and mosquito larvae. The antennae impale or crush the prey and then bring it to the larval mouth, or stylet. The larvae sometimes move about their Lake lacustrine habitats in large swarms. Description Larvae and adults alike, are pale yellow or nearly transparency and translucency transparent . The delicate flies resemble mosquitoes with 15 segment antennae, which are very plumose in the males. The species grows between 2 and 10mm large. External links http www.diptera.info photogallery.php?album id 9 Image Gallery from Diptera.info Category Nematocera Category Insect families fly stub de B schelm cken et Klaasiks sklased fr Chaoboridae it Chaoboridae no Svevemygg pl Wodzienie ru sv Tofsmyggor th vi Chaoboridae ... more details
Unreferenced stub type animal auto yes date December 2009 Taxobox image name Aphelenchida regnum Animalia phylum Nematoda classis Secernentea subclassis Tylenchia ordo Aphelenchida subdivision ranks Families subdivision Aphelenchidae Aphelenchoididae Myenchildae Paraphelenchidae A moderately large order of nematode s. Aphelenchida have a stylet for feeding and a very prominent median bulb in the oesophagus . They are cosmopolitan. Some are associated with insect s, and may be ectoparasite s or endoparasite s, or merely use the insect as transport. Others are associated with plant s, as root , Plant stem stem , or leaf parasite s, which may be pathogenic to the plant or not. Still others are associated with fungi , and some are free living. There may be considerable plasticity of feeding habits within species, involving almost any combination of the categories listed above. Sometimes different feeding habits involve morphologically distinct phases, but they may involve only behavioral differences, and sometimes depend only on the immediate availability of different foods. Some Biological life cycle life cycle s involve a definite progression of particular hosts and depend on the life cycle of the host. Fungal feeders may have life cycles as short as 5 days. This order includes Aphelenchidae Aphelenchoididae Myenchildae Paraphelenchidae Category Secernentea Nematode stub fr Aphelenchida pl Aphelenchida ... more details
Multiple issues cleanup February 2008 refimprove February 2008 lead rewrite September 2009 A percutaneous discectomy is a surgical procedure in which the central portion of an intervertebral disc is accessed and removed through a cannula . Method The discectomy is performed through a cannula inserted through the back into the center of the vertebral disc under local anesthetic using a stylet. After the position of the stylet is confirmed to be correct using AP and Lateral X ray views it is removed leaving the cannula in place. The disc material may be removed using surgical tools such as the Dekompressor or traditional manual surgical tools, however the manual instruments require a larger cannula and more disruption to the surrounding structures. Both the automated and manual percutaneous discectomy procedures produce similar results and reduction in disc height and pressure on the nerves to result in pain reduction. Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy PELD is a step advance from lumbar microdiscectomy. PELD is a percutaneous surgical procedure for safe and sparing excision of herniated disc material. Even sequestered disc material regardless of its size and level that slipped into the spinal channel can be removed with the minimal invasive method. Advantages of PELD The PELD offers a number of advantages in comparison to conventional methods Immediate pain relief in 95 of the cases study info needed Direct access to herniated disc sequester The disc annulus and the ligament remain intact No general anesthesia, only a sparing local anesthetic necessary Outpatient treatment Shorter rehabilitation study info needed Faster return to profession and everyday life study info needed Small incision only one stitch hardly any scarring Indications The PELD is indicated for all levels of disc prolapse even for L5 S1. Prolapsed and sequestrated discs can be safely treated with this technique. It is also indicated for lumbar canal ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Helicotylenchus regnum Animal ia phylum Nematoda classis Secernentea subclassis Diplogasteria ordo Tylenchida superfamilia Tylenchoidea familia Hoplolaimidae subfamilia Hoplolaiminae genus Helicotylenchus genus authority Steiner, 1945 ref name NZ Wouts, W.M., & K.W.L. Knight. Helicotylenchus vulgaris Yuen, 1964 Nematoda Hoplolaimidae a new record for New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 20 1993 133 136. ref Helicotylenchus is a genus of nematodes in the family Hoplolaimidae . ref name NZ Diagnosis Hoplolaimidae . Female Body vermiform, spiral to straight. Labial region continuous to slightly offset, rounded or anteriorly flattened, generally annulated but never longitudinally striated anterior lip annulus generally not divided into sectors, with elongate amphid spertures SEM . Rarely faint or marked lip sectors are present. Lateral field with four lines. Phasmids small, near anus cephalids and caudalid present. Tail 1 to 2 body diameters long, typically more curved dorsally, with or without a terminal ventral process, sometimes rounded. Stylet and labial framework averagesized. Dorsal gland opening from 6 to 16 m from stylet base. Median bulb rounded with average sized valve. Glands overlap intestine dorsally and ventrally, all three glands of about the same length. Two genital branches, the posterior one sometimes degenerated or reduced to a PUS. Epiptygma present but folded inwards, into the vagina. Vulval flaps present, inconspicuous. Male Slight secondary sexual dimorphism seen in smaller anterior end. Caudal alae enveloping tail end. Species Helicotylenchus canadensis small Waseem, 1961 small ref name NZ Helicotylenchus depressus small Yeates, 1976 small ref name NZ Helicotylenchus dihystera small Cobb, 1893 Sher, 1961 small Helicotylenchus labiatus ref name NZ Helicotylenchus multicinctus small Cobb, 1893 Golden, 1956 small Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus ref name NZ Helicotylenchus varicaudatus ref name NZ Helicotylenchus ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Amphiporus lactifloreus regnum Animal ia phylum Nemertea classis Enopla ordo Hoplonemertea familia Amphiporidae genus Amphiporus species A. lactifloreus binomial Amphiporus lactifloreus ref name EOL http www.eol.org pages 470537 Encyclopedia of Life ref binomial authority Johnston, 1828 synonyms Amphiporus lacteiflorus Amphiporus laetifloreus Amphiporus loetofloreus Borlasia alba Borlasia mandilla Ditactorrhochma mandilla Gordius albicans Nemertes lactiflorea Nemertes mandilla Planaria lactiflorea ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 122666 WoRMS ref Amphiporus lactifloreus is a species of ribbon worm in the phylum Nemertea . It is found on the lower shore, under stones, in shingle and amongst the fronds of seaweed . Distribution This worm is found round the coasts of north west Europe , the Mediterranean Sea , the Gulf of Maine and Cobscook Bay . It is common round the coasts of Britain and Ireland. ref name EOL Description Like other ribbon worms, A. lactifloreus is not divided into segments but is smooth and contractile. It is up to eight centimetres long with a head slightly broader than the body. The eyes are in four groups, two rows on either side of the front of the head and two more central clusters further back. There is a proboscis which can be extended forward from an opening above the mouth and which can be as long as the body and it is armed with a needle like Stylet anatomy stylet . The neck is slightly constricted. The body is rounded above and flattened below and has a flattened tail with a rounded end. The general colour is whitish or pale pink and translucent. There are two small deeper pink patches at the back of the head. The gut can be seen as a thread like, dark coloured, irregular line down the centre of the body. ref name CPG John Barrett and C M Young, Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore 1958 p.48 ref Habitat This worm is locally abundant on fairly clean sandy or gravelly sediments f ... more details
inside roots of both mango and litchi fruit. The genital tract length, stylet length and body ... . Revue Nematol 13 1990 317 22. ref The body length is very short and stout with a long stylet. The procorpus ... of the egg. J4 stage is where sexual differentiation occurs. Adult males do not feed or have a stylet ... more details
J1 undergo one molt while still in the egg. J1 has no stylet. The second stage juveniles J2 hatch from ... for reproduction with females that are exposed on the root surface. The J2 has a stylet while J3 and J4 have a weak stylet. The J2 female is longer and thinner than males and they do not molt until ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Clitellaria ephippium image Stratiomyidae Clitellaria ephippium 1.JPG image caption Clitellaria ephippium , dorsal view regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Hexapoda classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera familia Stratiomyidae subfamilia Clitellariinae genus Clitellaria species C. ephippium binomial Clitellaria ephippium binomial authority Johan Christian Fabricius Fabricius , 1775 synonyms italictitle Clitellaria ephippium is a species of Soldier Fly so named for the thorns that armor the body belonging to the family Stratiomyidae . This species is present in Austria , Belgium , Germany , Italy , central and southern Russia , Spain and in Switzerland . File Stratiomyidae Clitellaria ephippium.JPG thumb 250px left Clitellaria ephippium , male, lateral view The adults grow up to convert 10 13 mm long. The most of their body is black, with a bright red mesonotum . Antennae are no longer than the head, the third articulation of antennae is composed of five segments, the stylet of two segments. The eyes are dark and quite hairy. Scutellum is hairy and mesonotum shows two strong apico lateral spines. Scutum has two strong lateral spines, placed between the transverse suture and the insertion of the wings. The abdomen is relatively wide. The wings are dark. The predatory larvae of this species develop in ant nests, such as Formica fuliginosa Formicidae . References Rozko n , R. 1998. Chapter 24. Family Stratiomyidae. Manual Palaearct. Dipt. 2 387 411. Woodley, N. E. 2001. A World Catalog of the Stratiomyidae Insecta Diptera . Myia 11 1 473. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden Charles Hamilton Smith, George Robert Gray The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, Volume 13 http books.google.it books?id EQAAAAAQAAJ&pg PA700&lpg PA700&dq Clitellaria ephippium&source bl&ots uex4fXBYdC&sig E3oJcnOZXyFjsVvDL5HyfHT32KY&hl it&ei Be2iTdTcMJHcsgaW5oiYAQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 7&ved 0CEkQ6AEwBjg8 v onepage&q Clitellaria 20ephip ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Apple mussel scale image Lepidosaphes ulmi.jpg image width 200px regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Hexapoda classis Insect a ordo Hemiptera familia Diaspididae genus Lepidosaphes species L. ulmi binomial Lepidosaphes ulmi binomial authority Carl Linnaeus Linnaeus , 1758 Lepidosaphes ulmi also known as apple mussel scale or oystershell scale is a scale insect that is a pest of trees and woody plants. The small insects attach themselves to bark and cause injury by sucking the tree s sap this metabolic drain on the plant may kill a branch or the entire tree. Biology The adult female oystershell scale is up to four millimetres long, elongated, tapering to a point at the posterior end and often slightly curved, somewhat resembling a mussel shell. The upper side is a banded, brown, waxy scale and the underside is cream coloured. There are no eyes or legs and the short Antenna biology antennae have only a single segment. The Mandible insect mouthpart mandibles are lengthened into a stylet adapted for sucking sap. The female lays about one hundred oval white eggs, retaining them under her body, and then dies. Her scale darkens in colour and stays in place, protecting the eggs over the winter. They can survive temperatures as low as 32 C. ref name AG http www.agroatlas.ru en content pests Lepidosaphes ulmi AgroAtlas ref They hatch in the spring at about the time the host plant s buds are bursting. The crawlers are tiny and disperse on the host, each one looking for a suitable protected site with thin bark in which to settle, remaining in that place permanently after sinking the stylet into the host plant s vascular tissues. ref name CSU http www.ext.colostate.edu pubs insect 05513.html Colorado State University Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet ref The crawler moults twice before becoming an adult female, forming a protective scale from larval exuvia e and secretions. Some crawlers may develop into males. These undergo four moults and the ... more details
stylet on a large cylindrical basis. The Polystilifera are armed with a pad, or shield, bearing numerous ..., which is armed i.e., there is a stylet attached to it in enoplans but unarmed in anoplans. Enoplans ... is everted and the central armature the stylet is used to pierce and immobilize the prey ... through the stylet produced hole in the exoskeloton histology of central armature suggests this but at some ... hoplonemerteans that engulf the entire prey after paralyzing it with a blow by the stylet. Freshwater ... more details
the intestine, short stylet, a strongly developed framework the dorsal esophageal gland orifice is located posterior to the stylet knobs 5, 10 . Immature females are slender, free in the soil. The body ... shaped body with a short tail, slender and short stylet, rounded knobs with a three part esophagus ... of the body 10 . Males are vermiform they have a weak stylet and knobs, curved spicules and pointed ... parenchyma 8 . A feeding tube forms from stylet secretions 2 . R. reniformis can induce symptoms resembling ... more details
WalkerAnderson1998Nemertea Image Amphiporus ochraceus stylet region.jpg Stylet containing part of proboscis .... A typical member of this class has a Stylet anatomy stylet , a calcareous barb, ref name RFB2004FormBodyProboscis .... ref name RFB2004NutritionDigestive The stylet is attached about one third of distance from the end of the wikt eversion evert ed proboscis, which extends only enough to expose the stylet. On either side of the active stylet are sacs containing back up stylets to replace the active one as the animal grows or an active one is lost. ref name RFB2004FormBodyProboscis Instead of one stylet, the Polystilifera ... but no stylet, and use suckers to attach themselves to bivalve s. ref name Light1974 cite ... active stylet, move by extending the proboscis, sticking it to an object and pulling the animal towards ... Class Anopla unarmed . Includes animals with proboscis without stylet, and a mouth underneath ... Class Enopla armed . All have stylet anatomy stylet s except order Bdellonemertea . Their mouth ... by commensalism and parasitism , and are armed with stylet anatomy stylet s ref name RFB2004Diversity Suborder Monostilifera. Includes 500 species with a single central stylet anatomy stylet . Some use the stylet for locomotion as well as for capturing prey. ref name RFB2004Diversity Suborder Polystilifera ... and Norenburg 2003 believe the Bdellonemertea are a part of the Monostilifera with one active stylet ... more details
to pierce the cuticles of captured prey. Stylet File Mosquito bite4.jpg right thumb ... is sucked. Paired mandibles and maxillae are present, together forming the stylet, which is used to pierce ... from the stylet. Saliva containing anticoagulant s, is injected into the food item and blood sucked ... more details
glands. The Stylet anatomy stylet through which they suck sap can be up to two millimetres long ... tubular stylet into the bark and starts to feed. At this stage, it moult s and becomes a second stage ... more details
, larynx , Vertebrate trachea trachea , bronchi through the mouth Eschmann stylet or Gum elastic bougie a flexible device introduced through the mouth during some intubation procedures if the stylet ... more details
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