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Encyclopedia results for Sub Saharan Africa

Sub Saharan Africa





Encyclopedia results for Sub Saharan Africa

  1. Heraldry in Sub-Saharan Africa

    Original research date October 2009 Unreferenced date October 2009 Heraldry in Sub Saharan Africa includes the study and creation of coats of arms , Heraldic badge badges , and achievements for individuals, countries, and tribes in Sub Saharan Africa. Three main types of arms are seen throughout Africa. national coats of arms coat of arms or emblem of a specific tribe or ethnic group Citation needed date October 2009 individual, usually an Monarchies in Africa African king or Tribal chief chief s arms, or those of a royal or noble family Citation needed date October 2009 . See also South African heraldry DEFAULTSORT Heraldry In Sub Saharan Africa Category Heraldry Category Heraldry by country Africa ...   more details



  1. Rhythm in Sub-Saharan Africa

    d the standard bell pattern notation The most commonly used key pattern in sub Saharan Africa is the seven ...Image Dashiki and kufi.jpg thumb 260px Drummers in Accra, Ghana Sub Saharan African music is characterised by a strong rhythmic interest ref Stapleton C. and May C., African All Stars , Paladin 1989, page 6 ref that exhibits common characteristics in all regions of this vast territory, so that Arthur Morris Jones 1889 1980 has described the many local approaches as constituting one main system . ref Jones, A.M. 1959 , Studies in African Music , London Oxford University Press. 1978 edition ISBN 0 19 713512 9. ref C.K. Ladzekpo also affirms the profound homogeneity of approach. ref Ladzekpo, C.K. 1996 , Cultural Understanding of Polyrhythm http home.comcast.net dzinyaladzekpo PrinciplesFr.html. ... in 20th century popular music. Rhythm in Sub Saharan African culture Image Afro Asiatic.png thumb left Map of African Ethnic Groups Many sub Saharan languages do not have a word for rhythm , or even ... 0 252 022114 ref Among the characteristics of the Sub Saharan African approach to rhythm are syncopation ... Play The most basic duple pulse figure found in sub Saharan African music is a figure the Cubans ... western and central Africa child s play includes games that develop a feeling for multiple ... interrelated. ref Kubik, Gerhard, Africa and the Blues . Jackson, MI University Press of Mississippi ..., though some styles, such as the Township music of South Africa do not make much use of the drum ... region of Africa has developed a different style of double bell but the basic technology of bell making ... language family in Africa. For example it pervades southern Ewe music . ref Locke, David 1982 . Principles ... belt stretching from Morocco in North Africa to Indonesia in South Asia. This pattern may have migrated east from North Africa to Asia with the spread of Islam use of the pattern in Moroccan music ... from the northwest tip of Africa to southeast tip of Asia. References reflist Sources Agawu, Victor ...   more details



  1. Foundation for Hospices in Sub-Saharan Africa

    Orphan date February 2009 The Foundation for Hospices in Sub Saharan Africa FHSSA was established in 1999 as a 501 c 3 charitable organization by a group of internationally recognized hospice and HIV AIDS care professionals. FHSSA generates support for Africa n organizations that provide hospice and palliative care to those who are dying of HIV AIDS and other serious diseases. About FHSSA was founded in 1999 to work with African partners to help address hospice and palliative care issues. Collaborative efforts with the African Palliative Care Association APCA and the Hospice and Palliative Care Association of South Africa HPCA help build capacity throughout Africa, and focus on the needs of the dying, including families and children. FHSSA emphasizes the importance of palliative care in the overall continuum of care for all those affected with life threatening illness. Pain and Symptom management, psychosocial care, spiritual support, and care for the entire family, including children, are all particularly important when someone is facing the end of life. External links http www.fhssa.org Foundation for Hospices in Sub Saharan Africa http www.apca.co.ug African Palliative Care Association http www.hospicepalliativecaresa.co.za Hospice and Palliative Care Association of South Africa Category HIV AIDS in Africa Category 501 c 3 nonprofit organizations ...   more details



  1. Internet library sub-saharan Africa (ilissAfrica)

    fr Internet library sub saharan Africa ...File Logo ilissAfrica CopyrightBurkardt.jpg thumb Logo of ilissAfrica The internet library sub saharan Africa ilissAfrica is a German Internet portal that offers an integrated access to relevant scientific information resources conventional and digital in the field of African Studies and the region Sub Saharan Africa Africa South of the Sahara . ref Cohen, Nadia Siebold, Thomas, 2009 Virtuelle Fachbibliothek ... catalogues are integrated the Africa part of the catalogue of the University Library Frankfurt which is in charge of the Special collections Special Collection Sub Saharan Africa Africa South of the Sahara of the German Research Foundation the Africa part of the catalogue of the GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies Hamburg which is in charge of the Special Collection Sub Saharan Africa Africa South of the Sahara grey literature of the German Research Foundation the catalogue ... for scientific Africa literature in the Netherlands the catalogue of the Nordic Africa Institute library ... 1986 the OLC SSG section Africa South of the Sahara reference to articles of 170 African Studies journals the Internet Database of ilissAfrica the Africa section of BASE search engine Bielefeld ... Database br So far it contains more than 4500 selected Africa related Internet links. Built up ... Access Guide br A guide for researchers based in Africa with projects offering cheap or free access to databases and e journals. It has a section on Books for Africa , e.g. where libraries can ... publications. In ilissAfrica a special sub section of Open Archives Initiative OAI repositories on and from Africa has been selected AJOL, 30 institutional repositories in Africa like SUNScholar ... and stored in the South. German and European Collaboration br ilissAfrica is a project of the Africa ... of the German Special Collection Africa south of the Sahara . It is financed by the German Research ...   more details



  1. Water supply and sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa

    Although access to water supply and sanitation in Sub Saharan Africa has been steadily improving over ... sanitation has only risen from 28 to 31 . Sub Saharan Africa is unlikely to meet the Millennium ... in water supply and sanitation in Sub Saharan Africa are financed internally and only 30 is financed ... Sub Saharan Africa definition UN.png 200px right Access General trends Image Access to Improved Water Sources and Sanitation in Sub Saharan Africa.png thumb 400px Access to improved water supply and sanitation, in 7 Sub Saharan countries, from 1990 until 2008. Source http www.wssinfo.org fileadmin user ... is decreasing worldwide, but Sub Saharan Africa shows the slowest pace of progress. ref name UN WATER ... Urban Water Supply in Sub Saharan Africa. AICD Background Paper 12. Washington World Bank. http ... underpricing of formal water and sanitation services in Sub Saharan Africa. ref name AICD2010 ref Africa ... efficiency of utilities. In Sub Saharan Africa the average is 6. ref name WB http data.worldbank.org ... for efficiency in the rural space. Expenditures In Sub Saharan Africa, current spending ... would be required to achieve the Millennium Development Goals in Sub Saharan Africa that would need ... Out of the 4.7 billion of investments in water supply and sanitation in Sub Saharan Africa, 70 is financed ... Saharan Africa , which is 4 of all development aid disbursed to Sub Saharan Africa. This foreign aid covered 21 of all expenditures in water supply and sanitation in Sub Saharan Africa, and was principally ... in Sub Saharan Africa are the World Bank , the EuropeAid cooperation office EU institutions , the African ... in DEFAULTSORT Water Supply And Sanitation In Sub Saharan Africa Category Millennium Development Goals Category Sub Saharan Africa Category Water by continent Sub Saharan Africa Category Water supply ... JMP report 2010 en.pdf JMP 2010 Update ref There are, however, large disparities among Sub Saharan ... Saharan Africa access to water supply and sanitation has improved, but the region lags behind all ...   more details



  1. History of glass in sub-Saharan Africa

    , Sub Saharan nations developed glass traditions distinct from Egypt , North Africa and the rest of the world. The presence of glass in Sub Saharan Africa mostly consists of the importation of glass ... much of Sub Saharan Africa, bead adornment was an apt medium for self and cultural expression whereas ... to determine date and origin of glass beads found in Sub Saharan Africa have been made with varying success. It is generally agreed that glass beads were present in the Sub Saharan world by at least ... with Sub Saharan Africa. A Dutch merchant and entrepreneur named Sir Nicholas Crisp is recorded ... effects from the glass bead trade had dramatically varying results across Sub Saharan Africa ... and cooled. The archaeological evidence of beadworking in Sub Saharan Africa provides examples of both ... are found in Sub Saharan Africa, ref name david however it is understood that beads of this form were ... beads of Sub Saharan Africa that were not melted from pre existing glass material were instead formed ... mineral pigments directly.9 The beads found in Sub Saharan Africa generally contained the following ... conclusive archaeological evidence for the primary production of glass in Sub Saharan Africa comes from ... distinctive to Sub Saharan Africa could have been spurred due to a shortage of imported glass ... of glass Category Sub Saharan Africa Category History of Africa ... in shape , colour , texture and Pattern Visual patterning . While most Sub Saharan glass was imported ... Dubin 4 Beads as Economic Wealth Glass beads in Sub Saharan regions were used as an economic tool ... of most Trade Wind Beads found in Sub Saharan regions suggests a connection to the mineral soda ... origin for the Trade Wind beads found in Sub Saharan regions. ref name david Slave Beads main Trade ... glass beads has a lively presence in Sub Saharan history. Imported glass was either formed by melting ... beads. ref name david As glassblowing technology did not exist in early Sub Saharan African ...   more details



  1. Fertilizer subsidies in Sub-Saharan Africa

    Despite the potential benefits to crop yields, inorganic fertilizer application in Sub Saharan Africa lags behind other developing regions. Average application in Sub Saharan Africa is less than 10  ... large amount of Sub Saharan Africa s poor . ref cite web last IFAD title Rural Poverty ... title Fertilizers to support agricultural development in sub Saharan Africa what is needed and why ... web title Increasing Fertilizer Use in Africa What Have We Learned url http siteresources.worldbank.org ... default files wdi final.pdf publisher World Bank accessdate 14 March2011 ref Sub optimal or inefficient ... AFRICA AGRICULTURAL MARKETS PROGRAM ref 1970 1985 government intervention During the 1960s and 70s many countries in Africa provided subsidized fertilizer to their farmers though state owned enterprises ... subsidies in Africa are vouchers the answer url http www.fanrpan.org documents d00740 publisher ... Policy in Africa after Adjustment url http www.tradeobservatory.org library.cfm?refID 25080 work CDR ... scale development in Africa. ref cite web title Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa Current Issues ... Promise Millennium Promise Alliance has said of fertilizer use in Africa, that governments ... Africa Policy Synthesis 2 url http www.aec.msu.edu fs2 aamp seminar 2 Fertilizer Subsidies Policy Synthesis.pdf work Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa COMESA African Agricultural Markets .... ref name promoting cite web last Minde first Isaac title Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa Current ... subsidies Category Agriculture in Africa Category Fertilizers Category Articles created via the Article ...   more details



  1. List of Jews from Sub-Saharan Africa

    of Jews List of South Africans Jews and Judaism in the African diaspora South Africa Maccabiah rugby union team References Reflist DEFAULTSORT List Of Jews From Sub Saharan Africa Category Lists of Jews ... Harry converted to Christianity Percy Yutar , South Africa s first Jewish attorney general ...   more details



  1. Social programs in sub-Saharan Africa

    Social protection in sub Saharan Africa tends not to be very developed and yet the growth of some of the region s economies and concerted attempts to tackle poverty mean that this situation may change considerably in the future. Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea has enjoyed some of the highest growth rates in the world 37 a year on average in the past 10 years , based largely on its oil sector. With an economy 20 times bigger than it was in the mid 90s, the government can now afford to start expanding it social programs, especially as tremendous inequality means that despite a 14,941 average GDP per capita 30,000 according to UN population estimates , over 75 of the population live below the poverty line and over 40 in extreme poverty . ref name ODI Rebecca Holmes 2009 http www.odi.org.uk resources details.asp?id 3794&title social protection child poverty equatorial guinea Social protection to tackle child poverty in Equatorial Guinea London Overseas Development Institute ref One particularly vulnerable group in Equatorial Guinea are the under 18s, who make up 50 of the population and whose poor levels of nutrition and education risk the country s future stability and economic growth ref name ODI . The country s under five Child mortality child mortality rate is the fourth highest in the world, and maternal mortality is also very high. Costs remain a key barrier to access to key public services and, despite few waivers for the particularly vulnerable, confusion prevents many from taking advantage. Low demand, as well as poor supply, of public services is also important in understanding the limits to social protection and poverty relief in Equatorial Guinea ref name ODI . Despite the free provision of primary education and enrollment being relatively high, net primary school attendance rates are low, at 61 for boys and 60 for girls in 2000 2007, according to UNICEF data ... remains high at 59.2 in 2006 and as in many sub Saharan African countries, children make up a high ...   more details



  1. Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Sub-Saharan Africa

    Listed here are the human Y chromosome DNA haplogroups found in various Ethnic groups in Africa ethnic groups and populations from Sub Saharan Africa . Based on relevant studies, the samples are taken ... Category Human Y DNA haplogroups Sub Saharan Africa ... haplogroups in sub Saharan African populations ref Beja people Beja Cushitic languages Cushitic ..., http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC447595 ?tool pubmed A Back Migration from Asia to Sub Saharan Africa Is Supported by High Resolution Analysis of Human Y Chromosome Haplotypes ref Burkina Faso ... 10.1038 252Fejhg.2010.21.pdf Linking the sub Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools maternal and paternal ... languages Khoisan , NS Nilo Saharan languages Nilo Saharan and NC Niger Congo languages Niger Congo ... Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa evidence for sex biased demographic ... people Alur Nilotic languages Nilotic Nilo Saharan languages NS 9 22 0 0 11 0 67 0 0 0 Wood 2005 ... of Africa Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations ref Bantu peoples Bantus ... of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages ... Bantu peoples Bantus South Africa ref group nb South Africa Sotho Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu. ref Southern ... R V88 a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans Saharan connections and the spread ... Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation ref Hausa people Hausa ... 2010 Khoisan South Africa ref group nb Khoisan from South Africa Khwe, Kung, and mixed. ref Khoisan ..., Senegal, Mali, Ghana, Cameroon, CAR, DRC, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe ... name Wood 2005 Nilotic peoples Nilo Saharan ref group nb Nilo Saharan Alur, Mbuti R.D.Congo , Massai, Luo Kenya . Clade was exclusively carried by the Maasai amongst the Nilo Saharan speakers http www.nature.com ejhg journal v13 n7 extref 5201408x1.gif Appendix A ref Nilo Saharan languages Nilo Saharan ...   more details



  1. The Sub-Saharan Informer

    Unreferenced date March 2009 The Sub Saharan Informer is a Pan Africanism Pan African and a continental newspaper produced weekly across several African countries. Established in 1999 2000, the newspaper aims to present newsworthy events, and to disseminate information that promotes social, political and business issues in Africa. External links http www.ssinformer.com about about.html The Sub Saharan Informer Website DEFAULTSORT Sub Saharan Informer Category English language newspapers Africa stub ...   more details



  1. Sub-Saharan African music traditions

    playing an African harp See also Rhythm in Sub Saharan Africa Sub Saharan Africa n traditional music ... transmitted while still qualifying as a religious or courtly genre. Music and dance in sub Saharan societies In many parts of Africa the use of music is not limited to entertainment it serves a purpose ... takes its name from the northern sub saharan savanna which makes, with the Nile , a great cross roads of the region. It is the remaining four regions that are mainly thought typical of Sub Saharan ... direction. The music of Sub Saharan herders and nomads is heard from west to east. Further west the Berber music of the Tuareg people Tuareg has penetrated to Sub Saharan countries, while ... of Darfur to the northeast of the Baguirmi. The music of West Africa shares, in its northernmost and westernmost parts, many of these transnational north sub Saharan ethnic influences. Complex societies ... Africa , Zimbabwe and Botswana , and several of southern Mozambique . They have several sub groups Nguni ... left 220px Geo political map of Africa divided for ethnomusicological purposes, after Merriam, 1959. Alan P. Merriam divided Africa into seven regions for ethnomusicological purposes, observing current ... the music of ethnic groups in Africa . Music of the northern region of Africa red on the map , including that of the Horn of Africa dark green on the map , is mostly treated separately under Middle ... that began around 1500 BC the Urewe nucleus of the Eastern Bantu was formed in Central Africa by 1000 ... The Chronological Evidence for the Introduction of Domestic Stock in Southern Africa dead link ... Republic of the Congo and Music of Zambia Zambia . The north of this region also includes Nilo Saharan ... region brown on the map includes the music of South Africa , Music of Lesotho Lesotho , Music ... km wide, spanning Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea . Southwards are the Sudanian savannas .... File Niger saharan medieval trade routes.PNG thumb 300px right Saharan trade routes circa 1400 ...   more details



  1. List of Sub-Saharan African submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

    The following is a list of the films submitted by the countries of Sub Saharan Africa in the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Best Foreign Language Film category at the Academy Awards . The list excludes submissions by South Africa , which can be seen List of South African submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film here . As of 2009, only seven sub Saharan African countries have competed in this category. With the exception of South Africa , each country has only submitted one time. In 1976, the Ivory Coast became the first country in the region to submit a film. Although the film was a majority French production, it was allowed to represent the Ivory Coast , and went on to win the 1977 Oscar. ref name Oscars1977 Cite web url http www.oscars.org awards academyawards legacy ceremony 49th winners.html title The 49th Academy Awards 1977 Nominees and Winners accessdate 2012 03 25 work oscars.org ref Burkina Faso and Cameroon each submitted one film in the 1980s, Democratic Republic of the Congo sent one in the 1990s and Chad and Tanzania submitted in the 2000s. border 2 cellpadding 4 cellspacing 0 style margin 1em 1em 1em 0 background f9f9f9 border 1px aaa solid border collapse collapse font size 95 bgcolor CCCCCC align center Year Country English title Language Director IMDb Result center 1976 1977 center CIV center Black and White in Color center French language French center Jean Jacques Annaud http www.imdb.com title tt0074972 IMDb align center style background FAEB86 sort Academy Award Won Academy Award center 1980 1981 center CMR center Our Daughter center French language French center Daniel Kamwa http www.imdb.com title tt0081247 IMDb nom Not Nominated center 1989 1990 center BUR center Yaaba center M or language Mor center Idrissa ... Film Academy Award submissions by country Sub Saharan Africa Category Cinema of Burkina Faso ... of African films Sub Saharan Category Africa related lists Academy Award pl Filmy zg oszone przez ...   more details



  1. Saharan

    The term Saharan is used in the English language to denote someone or something from the Sahara desert , including Sahrawi people Sahrawi also spelled Saharawi , referring to the people of the Western Sahara Saharan languages , a subgroup of the Nilo Saharan languages Saharan may also refer to Saharan gotra also Saran or Sran , a clan from Northern India disambig fr Saharien ...   more details



  1. Saharan Atlas

    Image Atlas Mountains Labeled 2.jpg right thumb 300px Map showing the location of the Atlas Mountains across North Africa The Saharan Atlas of Algeria is the eastern portion of the Atlas Mountains . Not as tall as the Grand Atlas of Morocco they are far more imposing than the Tell Atlas range that runs closer to the coast. The tallest peak in the range is the convert 2236 m 0 abbr on high Djebel Aissa . The Saharan Atlas includes a series of shorter ranges the Amour , Ksour and Ouled Na l Mountains. The Tell Atlas and the Saharan Atlas merge in the east to join together into the T bessa and Medjerda mountains. The Saharan Atlas is one of the vast plateaus of Africa , formed of ancient base rock covered by the sediment of shallow seas and alluvial deposits. ref name EB Encyclop dia Britannica , 2005 ref Among the rivers of the Atlas, the Saharan Atlas feeds wadi s. Among these are the Chelif and Touil wadis, riverbeds that contains water only during wet periods, respectively draining the Amour and Ouled Na l ranges of the Saharan Atlas. ref name EB The Saharan Atlas Mountains mark the northern edge of the Sahara Desert . The mountains see some rainfall and are better suited to agriculture than the plateau region to the north. Today most of the population of the region are Chaoui Berber people Berbers . The mountains have also long been home to exiles expelled from the fertile coastal regions. The Sahara desert is one of the largest in the world. See also Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe References reflist coord 34 0 0 N 2 0 0 E type landmark region MR display title Category Atlas Mountains Category Mountain ranges of Algeria ar be bg de Saharaatlas es Atlas sahariano fr Atlas saharien lt Sacharos Atlasas pl Atlas Saharyjski ru ...   more details



  1. Sub

    Wiktionary sub sub Sub may refer to Submarine Submarine sandwich Subscription Substitute disambiguation Substitute teacher Subtitle captioning Bottom BDSM , also called sub short for submissive Subwoofer loudspeaker Sub TV channel Substitute character , one of the C0 and C1 control codes .sub disambiguation , several file extensions code nowiki sub nowiki code , an HTML tag used to put a character as a subscript SUB Seafarers Union of Burma Summit Bancorp Juanda International Airport in Surabaya, Indonesia See also Subroutine Subscriber Subscript Subeditor Subcontractor Disambiguation cs Sub de Sub eo SUB it SUB nl Sub ja ...   more details



  1. .sub

    .sub may refer to A computer file having .sub extension. A .sub file can be MicroDVD Subtitle File A file that contains subtitle captioning data for a movie or video clip CloneCD Subchannel Data File A file that can be a part of CloneCD image files .Sub band , an English indie electronica band disambig ...   more details



  1. Saharan Metacraton

    File Pannotia.svg thumb 300px Pannotia super continent c. 570 Ma The Saharan Metacraton is a term used by some geologists to describe a large area of continental crust in the north central part of Africa . Where a craton is an old and stable part of the lithosphere , the term metacraton is used to describe a craton that has been remobilized during an orogeny orogenic event , but where the characteristics of the original craton are still identifiable. The geology of the continent has only been partially explored, and other names have been used to describe the general area that reflect different views of its nature and extent. These include Nile Craton , Sahara Congo Craton , Eastern Saharan Craton and Central Saharan Ghost Craton . ref name Abdelsalam2002 This last term is because the older rocks are almost completely covered by recent sediments and desert sands, making geological analysis difficult. ref name Rogers2004 Extent The metacraton covers an area of about 5,000,000  km sup ... Republic , Cameroon and eastern Nigeria and Chad . ref name Abdelsalam2002 Chronology File Saharan Metacraton.svg thumb 300px Saharan Metacraton and neighboring areas The craton may have formed during ... , which separated the West African craton from the Saharan craton around 800 Ma, began to close about 730 Ma, and about 635 Ma these two cratons collided, with the basement of the Saharan craton undergoing extensive reworking in the process. ref name Condie1992 The Saharan craton may have been ... was extended and rifts appeared. ref name Tawadros2001 By about 500 Ha the Saharan craton was sutured ... from the late Proterozoic , is called the East Saharan craton, originally far from the Nile craton ... 5 1 23.full doi 10.1130 GES00179.1 journal Geosphere title The lithospheric architecture of Africa ... Abdelsalam2002 cite journal url http www.utdallas.edu rjstern pdfs Saharanmetcrat.pdf title The Saharan ... 2001 ISBN 905809331X ref Major African geological formations Category Cratons Category Geology of Africa ...   more details



  1. Sub Sub

    Refimprove date September 2009 Infobox musical artist name Sub Sub image caption background group or band origin Wilmslow , Cheshire , England genre Dance music Dance , house music , Madchester years active 1991 1996 label Rob s Records associated acts Doves band Doves , Melanie Williams past members Jez Williams br Jimi Goodwin br Andy Williams Doves Andy Williams Sub Sub were an England English dance music dance act from Wilmslow , Cheshire composed of Jimi Goodwin and twin brothers Andy Williams Doves Andy and Jez Williams . The threesome met at school in 1985 and became regulars at The Ha ienda while composing their own material together. They had an underground Gramophone record 12 single music single Space Face in 1991 and moderate commercial success in the early 1990s on Rob Gretton s label Rob s Records , including the single Ain t No Love Ain t No Use featuring guest vocalist Melanie Williams which reached 3 on the UK Singles Chart . ref name British Hit Singles & Albums cite book first David last Roberts year 2006 title British Hit Singles & Albums edition 19th publisher Guinness World Records Limited location London isbn 1 904994 10 5 page 538 ref The trio s only full length album Full Fathom Five was released in September 1994. After a fire destroyed their recording studio on the Williams twins birthday in 1996, they started anew as the more indie music indie oriented act Doves band Doves in 1998. An unreleased collection of tracks meant to be featured on the band s second full length album was issued in 1998 as Delta Tapes . Discography Albums Full Fathom Five Rob ... Reflist External links http www.discogs.com artist Sub Sub Complete Sub Sub discography at Discogs.com http www.mounsey.co.uk sub sub delta tapes.html Accurate and up to date info finding Sub Sub s Delta Tapes on CD Doves DEFAULTSORT Sub, Sub Category English dance music groups Category English ... Sub Sub sv Sub Sub ...   more details



  1. Saharan languages

    Infobox language family name Saharan region Chad , Nigeria , Niger , Sudan , Cameroon familycolor Nilo Saharan child1 Eastern Saharan child2 Western Saharan sil 782 16 The Saharan languages are a small family of languages spoken across parts of the eastern Sahara , extending from northwestern Darfur to southern Libya , north and central Chad , eastern Niger and northeastern Nigeria . Noted Saharan languages include Kanuri language Kanuri , Tedaga language Tedaga , Dazaga language Dazaga , and Zaghawa language Zaghawa . They are a part of the proposed Nilo Saharan languages Nilo Saharan family. Internal classification Clade label1 Saharan  1 Clade label1   Eastern  1   Berti language Berti extinct , Zaghawa language Zaghawa label2   Western  2 Clade label1   Kanuri  1   Kanuri language Kanuri Bilma , Manga, Tumari, Central , Kanembu language Kanembu label2   Tebu language Tebu   2   Dazaga language Dazaga , Tedaga language Tedaga DEFAULTSORT Saharan Languages Category Saharan languages Ns lang stub br Yezho saharek de Saharanische Sprachen es Lenguas saharianas fr Langues sahariennes hr Saharski jezici mk oc Lengas saharianas pl J zyki saharyjskie ru fi Saharalaiset kielet ...   more details



  1. Saharan Shrew

    This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Saharan Shrew status DD status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Soricomorpha familia Soricidae genus Crocidura species C. tarfayensis binomial Crocidura tarfayensis binomial authority Vesmanis & Vesmanis, 1980 synonyms range map Saharan Shrew area.png range map caption Saharan Shrew range The Saharan Shrew Crocidura tarfayensis is a species of mammal in the Soricidae family. It is found in Mauritania , Morocco . Its natural habitat s are rocky areas and sandy shores. It is threatened by habitat loss . Source Aulagnier, S. 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 41361 all Crocidura tarfayensis . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 30 July 2007. Soricomorpha C1. whitetoothed shrew stub Category Crocidura ca Musaranya de Tarfaia es Crocidura tarfayensis eu Crocidura tarfayensis ...   more details



  1. Saharan explorers

    , UK 1988 See also Desert exploration European exploration of Africa DEFAULTSORT Saharan Explorers Category History of the Sahara Category Explorers of Africa Category Sahara ...Unreferenced date January 2007 Saharan explorers a potted list. Herodotus born c. 484 BC. Herodotus in his Histories Herodotus Histories mentions for example the Garamantes of Libya. Al Idrisi 1100 1166 born in Cueta. Wrote a medieval geography The Book of Roger . Created a map of the world in 70 sections. Ibn Battuta 1304 1369 1349 53 . Born at Tangier in 1304, Battuta was to travel the world including Jordan , Arabia , Iraq , Iran , Somalia , Tanzania , Crimea , Balkans , Russia , Central Asia , India , Maldives , Sri Lanka , Assam , Bengal , Malay Peninsula Malaya , Indonesia , China , Spain and the West Africa n states. Wrote The Travels of Ibn Battuta . Leo Africanus 1485 1554 born in Granada and died in Tunis . Educated in Fes Fez , he travelled widely in Africa. Has a wonderful description of Timbuktu . Wrote A Geographical Historie of Africa containing much information on things like Timbuktu. Major Daniel Houghton 1740 1791 1790 91 . He was commissioned by The African Association to find Timbuktu. He travelled up the Gambia River Gambia across the S n gal River Senegal and disappeared around Simbing. Mungo Park explorer Mungo Park 1771 1806 1795 96 . A Scottish people Scot , commissioned by the African Association to explore the Niger River River Niger . Set out from the River Gambia and got to the River Niger. Imprisoned and escaped. Friedrich Hornemann 1772 1801 1798 1800 . From Tripoli to Murzuk in 1799. Then disguised as a Muslim, he travelled with a caravan from Cairo to Siwa Oasis Siwa and Murzuk then down to Lake Chad and Kano . Mungo Park explorer Mungo Park 1771 1806 1805 06 . Returned to the Niger. Attacked at Bussa and drowned whilst trying to escape. Joseph ... and Central Africa 3 Vols. 1857. Eduard Vogel 1829 1856 1853 54 . Was sent to Lake Chad to find Barth ...   more details



  1. Saharan Arabic

    Infobox language name Algerian Saharan Arabic states Algeria , Niger region southern speakers 110,000 date 1996 ethnicity familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic fam3 Central Semitic languages Central Semitic fam4 Arabic languages Arabic fam5 Maghrebi Arabic Maghrebi iso3 aao Algerian Saharan Arabic also known as Saharan Arabic, Tamanrasset Arabic, Tamanghasset Arabic is a structurally distinct Varieties of Arabic variety of Arabic language Arabic spoken by an estimated 100,000 people in Algeria, predominantly along the Moroccan border with the Atlas mountains range. It is also spoken by about 10,000 people in neighbouring Niger . ref cite book editor first Raymond G., Jr. editor last Gordon year 2005 title Ethnologue Languages of the World edition 15th location Dallas publisher Summer Institute of Linguistics isbn 155671159X page page needed date March 2011 nopp yes use of nopp yes prevents cite book from displaying a p. ref Notes Reflist External links http multitree.org codes aao Report on Saharan Arabic from the MultiTree Project http llmap.org languages aao.html Report on Saharan Arabic from the LL Map Proect References Ethnologue aao Algerian Saharan Arabic Varieties of Arabic Category Central Semitic languages Category Languages of Algeria Category Languages of Niger AfroAsiatic lang stub Algeria stub Niger stub es rabe sahariano fr Arabe saharien hr Saharski arapski mk ...   more details



  1. Saharan clan

    were spreading their rule in Jangladesh. At that time Saharan Jat, though numerically far fewer in number ... as well as Rajput principalities. Previously Saharan warriors had also actively and significantly .... The misl was in part successful in its endeavour due to presence in it of large bands of Saharan Sran ...   more details



  1. Trans-Saharan trade

    Trade route Trans Saharan trade requires travel across the Sahara to reach sub Saharan Africa from the North ... Africa had declined in both political and economic importance, while the Saharan crossing remained .... ref name Shillington Shillington, Kevin 1989, 1995 . History of Africa, Second Edition . St. Martin ... Saharan salt caravans ply ancient route , Reuters , 21 February 2007 ref ref http www.yale.edu ynhti ... Saharan trade Image Oualata 02.jpg thumb A building in Oualata , southeast Mauritania Image Oasis Bilma.jpg ... or the Horn of Africa . ref name WadiTrade Records exist documenting knowledge of the route among Senusret ... end of a trans Saharan trade route. Citation needed date April 2007 To the east, three ancient routes ... BCE, Carthage became one terminus for West African gold, ivory, and slaves. West Africa received salt .... Although there are Classical references to direct travel from the Mediterranean to West Africa Daniels ... Masonen Masonen, P http www.hf fak.uib.no institutter smi paj Masonen.html Trans Saharan Trade and the West ... of the Islamic conversion of West Africa in the 7th and 8th centuries. ref name Masonen Two ... General History of Africa Volume 3. University of California Press, ISBN 92 3 601709 6. ref A route ... April 2007 Trans Saharan trade in the Middle Ages The rise of the Ghana Empire , centered on what is now Mali, Senegal, and southern Mauritania , paralleled the increase in trans Saharan trade. Mediterranean ... salt. The trans Saharan slave trade was also important because large numbers of Africans were ... Africa 1351 1353 ref The West African states imported highly trained slave soldiers. It has been ... north each year. ref Fage, J.D. A History of Africa . Routledge, 4th edition, 2001. pg. 256 ref Perhaps as many as nine million slaves were exported along the trans Saharan caravan route. ref http mondediplo.com 1998 04 02africa The impact of the slave trade on Africa ref Several trade routes ..., instead benefiting the Sosso , who later founded the Mali Empire . Image Niger saharan medieval trade ...   more details




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