Taxobox name Sugarcane image Saccharum officinarum K hler s Medizinal Pflanzen 125.jpg image2 Cut sugarcane.jpg ... Sugarcane refers to any of six to 37 species depending on which taxonomic system is used of tall ..., and the major commercial cultivar s are complex Hybrid biology hybrids . Sugarcane belongs to the grass ..., and sorghum and many forage crops. The main product of sugarcane is sucrose , which accumulates ... is produced on a large scale by the Brazilian sugarcane industry. Sugarcane is the world s largest ... of sugarcane agriculture. Cane accounts for 80 of sugar produced most of the rest is made from sugar beet s. Sugarcane predominantly grows in the tropical and subtropical regions, and sugar beet predominantly ... sugarcane include falernum , molasses , rum , cacha a a traditional spirit from Brazil , bagasse and ethanol . In some regions, people use sugarcane reeds to make pens, mats, screens, and thatch. The young ... honey without bees . They adopted and then spread sugar and sugarcane agriculture. ref name agrisugar1 ... the 18th century, cultivation of sugar cane was largely confined to India. Sugarcane plantations ... guides indian indentured labour.htm ref Description Sugarcane is a tropical, perennial grass that forms ... sugars, 2 3 non sugars, and 63 73 water. A sugarcane crop is sensitive to the climate, soil type ... tonnes per hectare depending on knowledge and crop management approach used in sugarcane cultivation. Sugarcane is a cash crop , but it is also used as livestock fodder. ref cite web title Feeding ... File Spread sugarcane.JPG thumb left 350px The westward diffusion of sugarcane in pre Islamic ... areas in Europe Sugarcane is indigenous to tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia . ref name ... in Mesopotamia that did not grow sugarcane. ref name Watson Watson, Andrew. Agricultural ... Portuguese . Boiling houses in the 17th through 19th centuries converted sugarcane juice ... alt Black and white photo of sugar cane standing in field Sugarcane is still extensively grown in the Caribbean ... more details
Taxobox name Sugarcane smut regnum Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Ustilaginomycetes ordo Ustilaginales ... Syd. M. Piepenbr., M. Stoll & Oberw. 2002 synonyms Ustilago scitaminea Sugarcane smut is a fungal disease of sugarcane caused by the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum . The disease is known as culmicolous, which describes the outgrowth of fungus of the stalk on the cane. It attacks several sugarcane species ... to as a smut whip . ref Comstock, J. C. and Lentini, R. S. http edis.ifas.ufl.edu SC008 Sugarcane Smut Disease , University of Florida. ref Resistance to sugarcane smut is the best course of action for management ... is the wind but the disease also spreads through the use of infected cuttings. Sugarcane smut is a devastating disease in sugarcane growing areas globally. ref Information Sheet ISO6052. BSES Sugarcane ... whip produced by sugarcane smut Hosts and Symptoms Sugarcane smut infects all sugarcane species unless the species is resistant. The damage caused depends on the susceptibility of the species. Sugarcane ... up of the parent plant. Seeds are not used in propagation because sugarcane is a multi species hybrid ... of Florida Sugarcane. Science Daily News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology ... Sugarcane smuts can also infect some other grass species outside of sugarcane. However, mostly it remains .... BSES Sugarcane for the Future. Queensland Government Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries ... Rukai. Differential Protein Expression in Sugarcane during Sugarcane Sporisorium Scitamineum Interaction .... 26 Oct. 2011. ref Disease Cycle File Sugar cane smut spores.jpg thumb Spores of the sugarcane smut fungus Sugarcane smut is disseminated via teliospores that are produced in the smut whip. These teliospores ... 1969 . Sugarcane smut Ustilago scitaminea in Kenya. I. Epidemiology. Trans. Brit. mycol. Soc. 52 ... . Sugarcane smut is bipolar and therefore produces two different mating types of sporida. For infection .... This dikaryon then produces hyphae that penetrate the bud scales of the sugarcane plant and infect ... more details
File Sudan Envoy Kenana Machinery cropped .jpg thumb right 150px A sugarcane harvester is a large piece of agricultural machinery used to harvest and partially process sugarcane . ref http books.google.com books?id T QDAAAAMBAJ&pg PA94&dq Popular Science 1930 plane 22Popular Mechanics 22&hl en&ei JfVZToXuPMeisQKWip3KDA&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&sqi 2&ved 0CCoQ6AEwAA v onepage&q&f true Sugar Cane Harvester Cuts Forty Tons an Hour Popular Mechanics Monthly , July 1930 ref The machine, originally developed in the 1920s, remains similar in function and design to the combine harvester . Essentially a storage vessel on a truck with a mechanical extension, the machine cuts the stalks at the base, strips the leaves off, and then cuts the cane into segments. These are then deposited into either the on board container, or a separate vehicle traveling alongside. Waste material is then ejected back onto the field, where it acts as fertilizer . ref http www.zelmeroz.com album rail ctn ctn 07.pdf ref ref http www.bae.ksu.edu precisionag Papers Fiber 20Optic 20Yield 20Monitor 20for 20a 20Sugarcane 20Harvester.pdf ref ref http etd.lsu.edu docs available etd 1109102 124123 unrestricted Benjamin thesis.pdf ref ref cite web url http ufdc.ufl.edu SW10000603 00001 title Sugar cane harvester machine loading wagons 4 publisher Ufdc.ufl.edu date accessdate 2012 02 26 ref ref cite web url http ian.umces.edu imagelibrary displayimage topn 22 1081.html title Sugarcane Harvester Most viewed Photo JPG IAN Image and Video Library Free High Resolution and Vector Environmental Science Images publisher Ian.umces.edu date accessdate 2012 02 26 ref See also Zafra agriculture the sugarcane harvesting season portal Agriculture and Agronomy clear References reflist External links commons category Sugarcane harvesters http www.caneharvester.co.za video caneharvest.wmv Short video of a sugarcane harvester 7.66 wmv file Category Agricultural machinery Mech engineering stub de Zuckerrohrernter ... more details
Sugarcane juice is the juice extracted from pressed sugarcane . It is consumed as a beverage worldwide, and especially in regions where sugarcane is commercially grown such as Southeast Asia , South Asia , and Latin America . Evaporated cane juice is a loosely defined term which can include combinations of sugars including glucose , and fructose . It is less processed than bleached white sugar . ref cite web title The World s Healthiest Foods url http www.whfoods.com genpage.php?tname foodspice&dbid 120 work publisher The George Mateljan Foundation year 2009 accessdate 27 May 2009 ref Nutritional benefits are minimal evaporated cane juice contains trace minerals and vitamins but has the same amount of calories as table sugar ref Is Evaporated Cane Juice Any Better Than Sugar? Health & Fitness http www.glamour.com health fitness blogs vitamin g 2009 04 ask dr g is evaporated cane ju.html ref and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration defines evaporated cane juice as any sweetener derived from sugar cane syrup. ref name USDA2009 cite web url http www.fda.gov Food GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation GuidanceDocuments FoodLabelingNutrition ucm181491.htm title Guidance for Industry Ingredients Declared as Evaporated Cane Juice Draft Guidance year 2009 publisher U.S. Food and Drug Administration accessdate 11 January 2010 ref Regions India Image Sugarcane juice vendor Hyderabad.jpg thumb right Sugarcane juice vendor in Hyderabad, India This is a popular drink in India especially in states such as Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. It is known as Oosacha Ras or Ganneka Ras in Maharashtra in Marathi ... do prepare fresh juice quickly on demand. Sugar is valued highly by common people. Image Sugarcane juice vendors, Dhaka.jpg thumb right Sugarcane juice vendors in Dhaka , Bangladesh alt Pakistan Sugar .... ref cite web url http www.flavorboulevard.com sugarcane juice is sweetest at the throat ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Sugarcane mosaic virus SCMV virus group iv familia Potyviridae genus Potyvirus species Sugarcane mosaic virus synonyms grass mosaic virus br maize dwarf mosaic virus strain B br sorghum red stripe virus Sugarcane mosaic virus SCMV is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae . External links http phene.cpmc.columbia.edu ICTVdB 00.057.0.01.062.htm ICTVdB The Universal Virus Database Sugarcane mosaic virus http www.virology.net Big Virology BVFamilyGroup.html Family Groups The Baltimore Method DEFAULTSORT Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Category Viral plant pathogens and diseases Category Potyviridae Virus plant disease stub ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Secret, Profane & Sugarcane Type Studio Album Artist ... Last album Momofuku album Momofuku br 2008 This album Secret, Profane & Sugarcane br 2009 Next album Live at Hollywood High br 2010 Secret, Profane & Sugarcane is the 2009 studio album by Elvis Costello ... title Secret, Profane & Sugarcane Review work The Daily Telegraph url http www.telegraph.co.uk culture culturecritics andrewperry 5393432 Elvis Costello Secret Profane and Sugarcane CD review.html ... s familiar Garrulously garrulous lyrics. ref cite web title Secret, Profane & Sugarcane Review work Rolling Stone url http www.rollingstone.com reviews album 28380370 review 28565376 secret profane sugarcane accessdate 15 August 2009 ref Secret, Profane & Sugarcane entered the UK album charts at number 71, ref cite web title Chart Stats Secret, Profane & Sugarcane work ChartStats url http www.chartstats.com ..., Profane & Sugarcane , Costello had experimented with various styles of music including jazz, classical and others. ref cite web title Pitchfork Album Reviews Elvis Costello, Secret, Profane & Sugarcane work Pitchfork url http pitchfork.com reviews albums 13079 secret profane and sugarcane accessdate ... Secret, Profane & Sugarcane work Paste magazine Paste Magazine url http www.pastemagazine.com articles ... reviews album 28380370 review 28565376 secret profane sugarcane Rolling Stone review ref ... profane sugarcane hear Spin review ref rev5 The Daily Telegraph rev5score Rating 3 5 ref http www.telegraph.co.uk culture culturecritics andrewperry 5393432 Elvis Costello Secret Profane and Sugarcane ... music 2009 may 17 elvis costello secret profane sugarcane The Guardian review ref rev7 ... Elvis Costello Secret Profane and Sugarcane The Phoenix review ref rev8 Pitchfork Media rev8score 3.8 10 ref http pitchfork.com reviews albums 13079 secret profane and sugarcane Pitchfork Media review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Critics looked upon Secret, Profane & Sugarcane in a generally ... more details
Sugarcane grassy shoot disease SCGS , caused by small, parasitic bacteria, contributes to losses of 5 to 20 in the main crop of sugarcane , and these losses are higher in the ratoon crop. A higher incidence ... phytoplasma , which is one of the destructive pathogen s of sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L . In India , SCGS phytoplasmas are spreading at an alarming rate, adversely affecting yield of the sugarcane ... associated with sugarcane grassy shoot disease in India. 2007 . Plant Disease. 91 1413 1418 .... P. and Ford, R. E. 2000 Vectors of virus and Phytoplasma diseases of Sugarcane An Overview. In Sugarcane ..., K. N. 2002 Grassy Shoot Disease of Sugarcane. In Sugarcane Crop Management by Singh S., Rao ... Sugarcane is a Vegetative reproduction vegetatively propagated crop, so the pathogen is transmitted ...., Peralta, R., Almeida O., Picornell,S., Wilson, M and Jones P 2005 Transmission of a Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Phytoplasma by the Delphacid Plant hopper Saccharosydne saccharivora, a new vector of sugarcane ... of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in the insect vector Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus Matsumura ... of sugarcane grassy shoot phytoplasma in the leafhopper vector Deltocephalus vulgaris a first report ... Three HANBOONSONG Y., RITTHISON W., CHOOSAI C.,SIRITHORN P. Transmission of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma .... 99 5 1531 1537. ISSN 0022 0493 ref have been confirmed as vectors for phytoplasma transmission in sugarcane. Unconfirmed reports also suggest a spread through the steel blades machete s used for sugarcane ... infected sugarcane plant SCGS disease symptoms ref name SCGS India VSI Phytoplasma infected sugarcane ... prevalent phenotype in sugarcane plants infected with SCGS. File Amit Yadav SID P 033.jpg thumb left Sugarcane crop showing iron deficiency SCGS and sugarcane iron deficiency File Amit 000 ... R., D. P. Motiramani, S. B. Gupta, and B. S. Bhargava. 1990 Chlorosis in sugarcane Associated soil ... cures iron deficiency, but phytoplasma infected sugarcane does not respond to any treatment ... more details
Refimprove date November 2011 Infobox musical artist name Don Sugarcane Harris image Sugarcane Harris, 1971 Heinrich Klaffs Collection 65 .jpg caption Harris performing in Hamburg, 1971 landscape yes background solo singer birth name Don Francis Bowman Harris alias birth date birth date 1938 06 18 birth place small Pasadena, California Pasadena , California , United States small death date Death date and age mf yes 1999 11 30 1938 06 18 death place small Los Angeles , California , United States small instrument Human voice Vocals , Electric violin , violin , guitar genre Rock and roll , R&B occupation Musician years active 1960s 1999 label Specialty Records Specialty associated acts Tupelo Chain Sex , Frank Zappa , John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers , Pure Food and Drug Act band Pure Food and Drug Act website http www.sugarcane harris.com Sugarcane Harris.com notable instruments Don Sugarcane Harris born Don Francis Bowman Harris , June 18, 1938 ref http www.familytreelegends.com records calbirths?c search&first Don&last Harris&spelling Exact&4 year &4 month 0&4 day 0&5 &7 &SubmitSearch.x 46&SubmitSearch.y 13&SubmitSearch Submit Family Tree Legends ref November 30, 1999 was an American ... in his career, Harris was given the nickname Sugarcane by LA bandleader Johnny Otis and it was to remain .... During the early 1970s, Sugarcane fronted the Pure Food and Drug Act band Pure Food and Drug Act ... who was the original bass player. In the 1980s, Sugarcane was a member of the Los Angeles based ... Don Sugarcane Harris 1970 Keep On Driving 1971 Fiddler On The Rock 1971 Choice Cuts 1972 Sugar ... class artist id p84539 http www.united mutations.com h sugarcane harris.htm Sugarcane Harris at www.united ... Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Harris, Don Sugarcane ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION ... , United States DEFAULTSORT Harris, Don Sugarcane Category 1938 births Category 1999 deaths Category ... American blues guitarists Category American rock guitarists cs Don Harris de Don Sugarcane Harris ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Union name MSCTWU country India affiliation Centre of Indian Trade Unions members Full name Maharashtra Sugarcane Cutting and Transport Workers Union native name image founded current head dissolved date dissolved state merged into office people Dr D. L. Karad , President. website footnotes Include all unused fields for future use. See template talk Infobox Union for usage. Maharashtra Sugarcane Cutting and Transport Workers Union , a trade union at the sugar fields of Maharashtra , India . MSCTWU is affiliated to the Centre of Indian Trade Unions . The president of the union is Dr. D.L. Karad. Portal Organized labour DEFAULTSORT Maharashtra Sugarcane Cutting And Transport Workers Union Category Centre of Indian Trade Unions Category Agriculture and forestry trade unions India trade union stub ... more details
A sugar refiner is a company that refines sugarcane or sugar beet into sugar . Sugar Refiner may also refer to SS Sugar Refiner SS Sugar Refiner , a ship owned by Silvertown Services Ltd . disambig ... more details
Taxobox regnum Plant ae classis Monocots ordo Poales familia Poaceae genus Sugarcane Saccharum species S. bengalense binomial Saccharum bengalense Saccharum bengalense , alternatively Saccharum bengalensis , is a plant in the sugarcane genus found in India, it is also known as the Baruwa sugarcane or Baruwa grass . One of its main ranges is in northern India , specifically in the grasslands of the Terai Duar savanna and grasslands Terai Duar , it is a diet source for many animals like the Indian Rhinoceros and the Pygmy Hog . This small species of sugarcane bamboo is colored pinkish green, and is usually around two or three feet tall . Category Saccharum az Saccharum bengalense ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 Infobox company company name Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira company type S.A. corporation S.A. foundation 1969 location Piracicaba , S o Paulo , Brazil key people President Lu s Roberto Pogetti Copersucar Vice president Pedro Mizutani Ra zen num employees owner industry R&D , Consultant consulting slogan homepage http www.ctcanavieira.com.br Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira English language English Sugarcane Research Center or CTC is the largest sugarcane technology center in the world. Its headquarters is located in Piracicaba , S o Paulo in one of the most prosperous agribusiness regions in Brazil . CTC was founded in 1969 to attend the technological needs of Copersucar sugarcane producers. In 2004, the Sugarcane Research Center started offering innovation and technology also to sugarcane producers and processors associates all over Brazil. CTC became a S.A. corporation S.A. company in 2011 and since then Copersucar and Ra zen are the company majority owners. CTC has more than 130 associated members, among Mill grinding mills and associations of sugarcane suppliers, representing thousands of farmers and approximately 60 of the sugarcane produced in Brazil. ref http www.ctcanavieira.com.br site index.php?option com content&view article&id 166&Itemid 1269 http www.ctcanavieira.com.br site ref The Plant breeding Sugarcane Breeding Program is one of the most important of the CTC projects because of its global effects on competitiveness of Brazilian sugarcane producers. But there are also other important CTC research projects in areas such as agriculture agricultural and process engineering industrial production processes . Research Areas Biotechnology Plant protection Agricultural engineering Agricultural and industrial engineering Agronomy Varieties program ethanol Ethanol production energy Energy production sugar Sugar production References Reflist External links http www.ctcanavieira.com.br CTC Official Website Category Companies of Brazil Ca ... more details
SCGS may stand for Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease Sunshine Coast Grammar School , in Queensland , Australia Singapore Chinese Girls School , in Singapore Silver coated glass sphere Surbiton County Grammar School disambig ... more details
Luddan is a town in Pakistan , located on the bank of the Sutlej . Luddan is a rich agriculture area, with cotton, maize, rice and sugarcane being major crops. Mumtaz Ahmad Doltana , former Chief Minister of West Pakistan , was born there. Category Districts of Punjab, Pakistan ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Botryoideclava bharatiya regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Hymenoptera subordo Apocrita superfamilia Chalcidoidea familia Aphelinidae genus Botryoideclava species B. bharatiya binomial Botryoideclava bharatiya binomial authority Subba Rao, 1980 Botryoideclava bharatiya is a chalcid wasp belonging to the family Aphelinidae . It parasitzes Melanaspis glomerata , a pest of sugarcane. ref cite journal author Arulraj, S. year 1990 title Biological control of sugarcane scale insect using parasites. journal Sugarcane Breeding Institute 1990 Vol. 9 No. 1 pp. 6 pp. url http www.cabdirect.org abstracts 19931169298.html jsessionid 981DB0824885F536C8D29BD9174A8EE2 ref References reflist Chalcidoidea stub Category Aphelinidae ... more details
The Philippines Biofuels Act 2006 requires oil companies to use biofuels in all liquid fuels for motors and engines sold in the Philippines. All gasoline sold in the country must contain at least 5 percent ethanol by February 2009, and by 2011, the mandated blend can go up to 10 percent. ref name pros The new law is expected to bring a number of benefits to the country blockquote Commercial production of ethanol from sugarcane , cassava or sorghum will help the island nation diversify its fuel portfolio and help to ensure its energy security . It could also generate employment, particularly in rural regions, as investors put up biofuel crop plantations and processing plants. Also, the shift to these plant based fuels for transportation will help reduce pollution. ref name pros http ethanolproducer.com article.jsp?article id 3182 Prospects for the Philippines Fuel Ethanol Industry ref blockquote Four feedstocks sugarcane, corn, cassava and sweet sorghum were initially identified for ethanol production, but sugarcane is expected to be the predominant source of ethanol. The Philippines is a sugar producing country, and sugarcane is grown mainly in the islands of Negros, Luzon, Panay and Mindanao. Despite growing demand for sugar, there are still an estimated 90,750 hectares 224,000 acres of sugarcane available that can be used for ethanol production, and high yielding varieties of sugarcane are available. ref name pros Introduction In July 2008, 10 percent Ethanol Blend gasoline was made available in the market. Royal Dutch Shell Pilipinas Shell and Petron Corporation introduced 95 Octane E10 fuel E10 Gasoline alongside their Unleaded 93 Octane and Premium Unleaded 95 Octane variants. See also Portal Sustainable development Common ethanol fuel mixtures Ethanol fuel by country Ethanol fuel in Australia Ethanol fuel in Brazil Ethanol fuel in Sweden Ethanol fuel in the United States Flexible fuel vehicle List of renewable energy topics by country References Reflist Bioene ... more details
and evolution of mating type complexes. Fungal Genetics and Biology, Vol. 45 1 S15 S21 ref Sugarcane smut Sugarcane smut or Ustilago scitaminea Sydow is caused by the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum ... the leaf whorl, that aids in the spreading of the disease. Sugarcane smut causes significant losses to the economic value of a sugarcane crop. Sugarcane smut has recently been found in the eastern seaboard areas of Australia, one of the world s highest yielding sugar areas. For the sugarcane crop ... months. As the inoculum is spread, the younger sugarcane buds just coming out of the soil will be the most ... irrigated the areas of the crop to prevent spreading of the smut. ref Waller, J.M. 1969. Sugarcane .... Vol. 52 1 139 151. ref Another way to prevent the disease from occurring in the sugarcane is to use ... plant spraying is a practical option for large sugarcane cultivations. ref Olufolaji, D.B. 1993. Evaluation of some relatively new fungicides for smut control in sugarcane. Crop Protection. Vol ... more details
Rhum can mean a number of things the spelling for the Scottish island of R m from Victorian times to 1991 an alternative spelling for rum , a distilled beverage made from sugarcane by products Rhum gasfield , a gas field in the UK sector of the North Sea Rhum actor a French actor and clown, friend of Jacques Tati and star of the short film Gai dimanche Disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Mataur is a modern village on the outskirts of Meerut City in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India , 70 km from New Delhi . Most of the farmers here grow sugarcane. coord missing Uttar Pradesh Category Meerut Meerut geo stub ... more details
orphan date March 2009 coord 7.476944 110.034164 type city Bungasan is a village in Indonesia , in the southeast of the Klaten Regency . It is located at the foot of Suro Hill , and surrounded by sugarcane plantation s. Central Java CJava geo stub Category Populated places in Central Java nl Bungasan ... more details
italictitle S. edule may refer to Saccharum edule , a plant species belonging of the genus Saccharum , the sugarcane Sechium edule , an edible plant species Synonyms Solanum edule , a synonym for Solanum sisymbriifolium , a plant species Stylophyllum edule , a synonym for Dudleya edulis , a plant species See also Edule disambiguation Species Latin name abbreviation disambiguation ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 Kadu Kuttai KaduKuttai is small place in Vellalur located in Coimbatore . The meaning on KaduKuttai is desert pond. It is said that there is huge amount of gold buried here 7 Kopparai of gold Kopparai is an iron vessel which holds around 100 liters of sugarcane juice and used for boiling the juice to get sugar . Category Coimbatore district ... more details
unsourced date May 2010 Phanita is an India Indian female name. It is also common in Thailand and Indonesia . The Sanskrit meaning of the word is inspissated juice of the sugarcane. Kautilya s Arthshastra mentions use of Phanita in the preparation of alcohol. In addition, Ayurvedic literature such as Sushruta Samhita describes usage of Phanita in theraupetic preparations. Category Indian given names ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2011 Garikaparru is a village in Krishna district Krishna District , Thotlavalluru Mandalam, Andhra Pradesh, India, near Vuyyuru . The village has a population of around 3,000 people. Most crops are paddy and sugarcane . Near by sugar factory is KCP Sugar factory. coord missing Andhra Pradesh Category Villages in Krishna district Krishna geo stub ... more details
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