SVT may refer to Superfluid vacuum theory in physics Sveriges Television , public broadcaster in Sweden Ampeg SVT , Super Valve Technology amplifier Special Vehicle Team , division of the Ford Motor Company DRG Class SVT 877 and DRG Class SVT 137 , a series of streamlined diesel trainsets of the former Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft Sequential Valve Timing Supraventricular tachycardia , an abnormal heart condition SVT 40 , Samozaryadnaya Vintovka Tokareva, a WW2 semi automatic rifle SVT band , an early 1980s American rock band Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei , or the Fijian Political Party, a political party in Fiji. Vehicle tracking system Stolen Vehicle Tracking Sudbury Valley Trustees , a regional land trust in eastern Massachusetts System validation testing, a component of system testing Site value tax or site valuation tax, a term for Land value tax Train station code for Sturtevant Amtrak station disambig de SVT fr SVT homonymie it SVT lt SVT nl SVT pl SVT sv SVT olika betydelser ... more details
David Ceperley is a computational physicist . He received the Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics . The Aneesur Rahman prize is the highest honor given by the American Physical Society for work in computational physics computational physics . He has done pioneering work on the development and application of the path integral Monte Carlo method for Many body problem quantum many body systems , such as Helium Helium II state superfluid helium and hydrogen Metallic hydrogen under extreme conditions . The Tanatar Ceperley exchange correlation functional is named after him and Bilal Tanatar currently at Bilkent University in Turkey . References http physics.illinois.edu people profile.asp?ceperley University of Illinois Profile Persondata NAME Ceperly, David ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Recipient of the Aneesur Rahman prize DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Ceperley, David Category American physicists Category Living people Category Year of birth missing living people Category Place of birth missing living people US physicist stub ... more details
wiktionarypar creep Creep may refer to CREEP, the Committee for the Re Election of the President , associated with the Watergate scandal of U.S. president Nixon s administration. Creep project management , the jeopardizing of a project s initial objectives by an increase in overall objectives. Creep custom , a customary practice of searching for a wife in Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands whereby males may seek to find a wife In science Creep deformation , the tendency of a solid material to slowly move or deform permanently under the influence of stresses. Downhill creep , the slow progression of soil and rock down a low grade slope. Aseismic creep , a slow steady movement along an earthquake fault. Rail adhesion Forces on wheels Creep , advancing of a railway wheel more or less than is expected from rolling, without large scale slip. Superfluid Superfluid creep , the tendency for a superfluid to crawl up the walls of its container. Location creep , an Real time locating system Erratic effects in locating systems erratic effect in real time locating systems In video games Creep Starcraft Creep Starcraft , an organic ground cover necessary for constructing structures by the Zerg race in Starcraft In film Creeps 1956 film Creeps 1956 film , a short starring the Three Stooges. Night of the Creeps , a 1986 comedy sci fi horror film. Creep film Creep film , a 2005 British horror film. In music The Creep, a 1950s instrumental by Ken Mackintosh Creep Mobb Deep song Creep Mobb Deep song , by Mobb Deep. Creep Radiohead song Creep Radiohead song , by Radiohead. Creep Stone Temple Pilots song Creep Stone Temple Pilots song , by Stone Temple Pilots. Creep TLC song Creep TLC song , by TLC. Creep, a song by Dannii Minogue on the album Neon Nights The Creeps Get on the Dancefloor , a song by the Freaks. The Creeps , a song by Camille Jones and Fedde le Grand. The Creep song The Creep song , by The Lonely Island. C.R.E.E.P., a song by The Fall band The Fall See also KREEP , acronym ... more details
Unreferenced stub date December 2009 Infobox scientist name John Jack Frank Allen image Replace this image male.svg image size 150px caption John Jack Frank Allen birth date May 5, 1908 birth place Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada death date April 22, 2001 death place Elie , Fife , Scotland residence citizenship nationality Canada , England ethnicity field physics work institutions St Andrews University alma mater doctoral advisor doctoral students known for superfluid phase matter phase of matter author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced prizes religion footnotes signature John Jack Frank Allen May 5, 1908 &ndash April 22, 2001 was a Canadian born physicist . Along with Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and Don Misener , Allen discovered the superfluid phase matter phase of matter in 1937 using liquid helium in the Royal Society Mond Laboratory in Cambridge , England . He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1949. Born in Winnipeg , he was also known as Jack Allen. Allen was professor of physics at St Andrews University , Scotland from 1947 to 1978, and then emeritus professor until his death. Allen also used a movie camera to film his experiments, such as the superfluid helium fountain . His was an early use of moving images to documents experiments and inform students and the general public. This is a trend that has been maintained by his relative Richard D. Allen filmmaker See also Timeline of low temperature technology Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Allen, John F. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH May 5, 1908 PLACE OF BIRTH Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada DATE OF DEATH April 22, 2001 PLACE OF DEATH Elie , Fife , Scotland DEFAULTSORT Allen, John F. Category Canadian physicists Category Fellows of the Royal Society Category Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Category People from Winnipeg Category Canadian people of Scottish descent Category Scottish physicists Category Academics of the University of St Andre ... more details
About the physical phenomenon other uses Boojum disambiguation In the physics of superfluidity , a boojum is a geometric pattern on the surface of one of the Phase matter phase s of superfluid helium 3 , whose motion can result in the decay of a supercurrent . A boojum can result from a monopole singularity in the bulk of the liquid being drawn to, and then pinned on a surface. Although superfluid helium 3 only exists within a few thousandths of a degree of absolute zero , boojums have also been observed forming in various liquid crystal s at room temperature. The boojum was named by David Mermin of Cornell University in 1976. He was inspired by Lewis Carroll s poem The Hunting of the Snark . As in the poem, the appearance of a boojum can cause something in this case, the supercurrent to softly and suddenly vanish away . Other, less whimsical names had already been suggested for the phenomenon, but Mermin was persistent. After an exchange of letters that Mermin describes as both lengthy and hilarious ref http www.cornell.edu academics faculty dmermin.cfm Faculty Highlights David Mermin , at Cornell University , retrieved March 14 2011 ref , the editors of Physical Review Letters agreed to his terminology. Research using the term boojum in a superfluid context was first published in 1977, and the term has since gained widespread acceptance in broader areas of physics. Its Russian phonetic equivalent is budzhum , which is also well accepted by physicists. The plural of the term is boojums , a word initially disliked by Mermin who at first used booja but one which is defined unambiguously by Carroll in his poem. References reflist cite book author N. David Mermin title Boojums all the way through communicating science in a prosaic age publisher Cambridge University Press year 1990 isbn 0 521 38880 5 page xii A collection of articles by David Mermin, including E pluribus boojum link below . External links http www.physicstoday.com pt vol 34 iss 4 vol34no4p46 53.pdf E pl ... more details
4 helium II which is a superfluid as that experienced in helium I fluid helium above the temperature for transition to the superfluid phase . However, the period of the pendulum was found to be temperature ... more details
File Lambda transition.svg thumb 250px The plot of the specific heat capacity versus temperature The Lambda point is the temperature approximately 2.17 Kelvin K below which normal fluid helium helium I transitions to superfluid helium II. More precisely, there is a lower lambda point at 2.172 K, 0.0497 atmosphere unit atm , and an upper one at 1.76 K, 29.8 atm. ref http web.archive.org web 20070405010647 http www.fluidmech.net msc super super f.htm ref The point s name derives from the graph that results from plotting the specific heat capacity as a function of temperature for a given pressure , which resembles the Greek language Greek letter lambda . The specific heat capacity tends towards infinity as the temperature approaches the lambda point. See also Lambda point refrigerator References reflist External links http www.egglescliffe.org.uk physics supercond supfluid superfluids.html What is superfluidity? includes a graph states of matter condensedmatter stub Category Temperature bs Lambda ta ka de Lambdapunkt es Punto lambda eu Lambda puntu la Punctum Lambda pl Przemiana lambda pt Ponto lambda ru ... more details
Don Misener A.D. Misener was a physicist . Along with Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and John F. Allen , Misener discovered the superfluid phase matter phase of matter in 1937. Misener was a graduate student at the University of Toronto in 1935. He joined J.F. Allen at Cambridge in about 1937. Misener later returned to Canada to work at the University of Western Ontario. Journal references E. F. Burton, J. O. Wilhelm, and A. D. Misener, Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. 28, 111, 65 1934 J. F. Allen and A. D. Misener, Nature 141, 75 1937 The Specific Heat of Superconducting Mercury, Indium and Thallium, A. D. Misener, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 174, No. 957 pp. 262 272 1940 See also Timeline of low temperature technology External links http www.physics.utoronto.ca alumni and friends newsletter 00fall PAGE4Fall00.htm U of T and the Discover of Superfluidity http www.nature.com nature journal v411 n6836 full 411436a0.html Reference to the late Don Misener Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Misener, Don ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Misener, Don Category Canadian physicists Category University of Toronto alumni Category Year of death missing Category Year of birth missing Canada scientist stub physicist stub ... more details
imbalance on the superfluid state. These experiments have especially concentrated on the strongly ... below which the gas phase separates between an almost equal density superfluid and a polarized normal ... more details
Joseph L. McCauley , is Professor of Physics at the University of Houston . He was Lars Onsager s last graduate student. He is a keen hiker. His main research fields are economics and finance econophysics , nonlinear dynamics , and statistical physics . He has also published papers on the theory of superfluid s, Quantum mechanics quantum theory of vortices, physical cosmology cosmology , porous media, critical phenomena, and science wars. He serves on the Advisory Board of the http www.unifr.ch econophysics Econophysics Forum . Bibliography Professor McCauley has written four books published by Cambridge University Press Chaos, Dynamics, and Fractals An Algorithmic Approach to Deterministic Chaos 1993 . ISBN 0521467470 Classical Mechanics Transformations, Flows, Integrable and Chaotic Dynamics 1997 . ISBN 0521578825 Dynamics of Markets Econophysics and Finance 2004 . ISBN 0521036283 Dynamics of Markets the new financial economics 2009 . External links http phys.uh.edu people detail ?155622 961 5 jmccaul2 info research University of Houston home page for Prof. McCauley Persondata NAME McCauley, Joseph L. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 02 22 1943 PLACE OF BIRTH Lexington, Ky. USA DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT McCauley, Joseph L. Category Living people Category American academics Category Year of birth missing living people US academic scientist stub ... more details
A lambda point refrigerator is a device used to cool liquid helium , typically around a superconducting magnet or for low temperature measurements, from approximately 4.2 Kelvin K to temperatures near the lambda point of helium approximately 2.17 K , the temperature at which normal fluid helium helium I transitions to the superfluid helium II. Cooling is achieved by pumping the liquid helium in the bath through a cooling coil via a needle valve and vacuum pump. The reduced pressure in the coil causes some of the helium to evaporate, creating a two phase system within the cooling coil. The heat removed via evaporation lowers the temperature of the cooling coil closer to the lambda point. Since the cooling coil is immersed in the liquid helium bath, liquid surrounding the coil is also cooled. The colder, higher density liquid sinks away from the coil toward the bottom of the bath while the warmer, lower density liquid helium rises to the top. Liquid helium typically has poor thermal conductivity, so convective currents associated with a temperature gradient in the bath provide a constant flow of this colder liquid helium toward the bottom of the bath, allowing temperatures below 4.2 K to be realized in the helium bath, typically close to 2.2 K. Category Cryogenics condensedmatter stub ... more details
Orphan date March 2010 Jason W. Fleischer is an American electrical engineer , an associate professor of electrical engineering at Princeton University . ref name profile http www.ee.princeton.edu people Fleischer.php Faculty profile , Princeton Univ., retrieved 2011 05 21. ref Fleischer received his Ph.D. in 1999, from the University of California, San Diego . ref name profile His research is in the area of nonlinear optics , including the use of light to model superfluid s ref citation title Laser experiments reveal strange properties of superfluids url http www.physorg.com news85979526.html publisher PhysOrg.com date December 22, 2006 . ref and the recovery of images from scenes obscured by translucent materials. ref citation title Turning image noise into a good thing first Paul last Ridden date April 8, 2010 url http www.gizmag.com image noise clarity research 14758 journal gizmag . ref References reflist External links http www.princeton.edu jasonf Home page at Princeton. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Fleischer, Jason W. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Fleischer, Jason W. Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Category American electrical engineers Category Optical engineers Category University of California, San Diego alumni Category Princeton University faculty US academic bio stub ... more details
wiktionary regime regimen The word regime also r gime , from the original French pronunciation refers to a set of conditions, most often of a political nature. Politics In politics, a regime is the form of government the set of rules, cultural or social norms , etc. that regulate the operation of government and its interactions with society. For instance, the United States has one of the oldest regimes still active in the world, dating to the ratification of its United States Constitution Constitution in 1789. Although modern usage often gives the term a negative connotation , like an authoritarian one, Merriam Webster Webster s definition clearly states that the word regime refers simply to a form of government. ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary regime regime from the Merriam Webster website ref Political use of regime concerns international regulatory agencies see International regime , which lie outside of the control of national governments. These have more power over a greater range than postal or telecommunications agreements, for example, and constrain national governments. Fact date February 2008 Science See also Fire regime River regime In scientific discussions, a regime is a class of physical conditions, usually parameterised by some specific Measurement measures , where a particular physical phenomenon or boundary condition is significant. Very often a regime corresponds to a limiting condition. The region of measurable parameter space that corresponds to a regime is very often loosely defined. Examples include the superfluid regime , ref http physicsworld.com cws article news 19350 Fermi gases approach superfluid regime ref the steady state regime ref A. R. Kolovsky, Steady state regime for the rotational dynamics of a molecule at the condition of quantum chaos, Phys. Rev. A 48 1993 3072 ref or the femtosecond regime . ref M. Lenzner et al., Femtosecond Optical Breakdown in Dielectrics, http link.aps.org doi 10.1103 PhysRevLett.80.4076 PRL 80 ... more details
Liquefaction of gases is physical conversion of a gas into a liquid state. The processes are used for scientific, industrial and commercial purposes. Many gases can be put into a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure by simple cooling a few, such as carbon dioxide , require pressurization as well. Liquefaction is used for analyzing the fundamental properties of gas molecules intermolecular forces , for storage of gases, for example Liquified petroleum gas LPG , and in refrigeration and air conditioning . There the gas is liquefied in the condenser , where the heat of vaporization is released, and evaporated in the evaporator, where the heat of vaporization is absorbed. Ammonia was the first such refrigerant, but it has been replaced by compounds derived from petroleum and halogens . Liquid oxygen is provided to hospitals for conversion to gas for patients suffering from breathing problems, and liquid nitrogen is used in the medical field for cryosurgery , and by inseminators to freeze semen . Liquefied chlorine is transported for eventual solution in water, after which it is used for water purification, sanitation of industrial waste , sewage and swimming pools, bleaching of pulp and textiles and manufacture of carbon tetrachloride , glycol and numerous other organic compounds as well as phosgene gas. Liquefaction of helium Liquid helium sup 4 sup He with the Hampson Linde cycle led to a Nobel Prize for Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1913. At ambient pressure the boiling point of Liquid helium liquefied helium is 4.22 K 268.93 C . Below 2.17 K liquid sup 4 sup He becomes a superfluid Nobel Prize 1978, Pyotr Kapitsa and shows characteristic properties such as heat conduction through second sound , zero viscosity and the Superfluid Background fountain effect among others. The liquefaction of gases is a complicated process that uses various compressions and expansions to achieve high pressures and very low temperatures using for example turboexpander s. The liquefacti ... more details
In superconductors , the London penetration depth usually denoted as math lambda math or math lambda L math characterizes the distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor and becomes equal to 1 e times that of the magnetic field at the surface of the superconductor. ref name Kittel8thEd Typical values of &lambda sub L sub range from 50 to 500 nm. The London penetration depth results from considering the London equations London equation and Amp re s circuital law . ref name Kittel8thEd If one considers a superconducting medium occupying x sub 0 sub , and weak external magnetic field B sub 0 sub applied along z direction in the empty space x sub 0 sub , then inside the superconductor the magnetic field is given by math B x B 0 exp left frac x lambda L right , math ref name Kittel8thEd math lambda L math can be seen as the distance across in which the magnetic field becomes math e math times weaker. The form of math lambda L math is found by this method to be math lambda L left frac m mu 0 n q 2 right frac 1 2 math , ref name Kittel8thEd for charge carriers of mass math m math , number density math n math and charge math q math . The penetration depth is determined by the superfluid density, which is an important quantity that determines T sub c sub in high temperature superconductors. If some superconductors have some node in their energy gap, the penetration depth at 0 K depends on magnetic field because superfluid density is changed by magnetic field and vice versa. So, accurate and precise measurements of the absolute value of penetration depth at 0 K are very important to understand the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity. London penetration depth can be measured by muon spin spectroscopy when the superconductor doesn t have an intrinsic magnetic constitution. The penetration depth is directly converted from the depolarization rate of muon spin in relation which T is proportional to sup 2 sup T . The shape of ... more details
states of motion, exploring ultra low dissipation superfluid resonators, ultra sensitive microwave ... 2000. Detection of the Earth s Rotation Using Superfluid Phase Coherence, K. Schwab, N. Bruckner, and R ... more details
dablink For the song Path of Least Resistance by Modest Mouse, see Sad Sappy Sucker Image cartoon mountain pass symbolizing path of least resistance.gif thumb 250px Hikers choose the easy way to cross hills. unreferenced date November 2009 The path of least resistance describes the physical or metaphorical pathway that provides the least wiktionary resistance resistance to forward motion by a given object or entity, among a set of alternative paths. The concept is often used to describe why an object or entity takes a given path. In physics , the path of least resistance is always taken by objects moving through a system. For example, water flowing downhill follows the path of least resistance as it is pulled downward by gravity . Celestial body atmosphere Atmospheric disturbances storm s flow on the path of least resistance by flowing toward zones of low barometric pressure , where lower air density offers less impedance to the storm system than higher pressure zones. The path of least resistance is also used to describe certain human behaviors, although with much less specificity than in the strict physical sense. In these cases, resistance is often used as a metaphor for personal effort or confrontation a person taking the path of least resistance avoids these. In library science and technical writing, information is ideally arranged for users according to the Principle of least effort , or the path of least resistance . Recursive navigation systems are an example of this. Note The path of least resistance applies on a local, not global, reference. For example, water always flows downhill, regardless of whether briefly flowing uphill will help it gain a lower final altitude with certain exceptions such as superfluid s . In physics, this phenomenon allows the formation of potential well s, where potential energy is stored because of a barrier restricting flow to a lower energy state. See also Calculus of variations Mountain pass theorem Principle of least action P ... more details
A glitch is a sudden increase up to 1 part in 10 sup 6 sup in the rotational frequency of a rotation powered pulsar , which usually decreases steadily due to braking provided by the emission of radiation and high energy particles. It is unknown whether or not they are related to the timing noise which all pulsars exhibit. Following a glitch is a period of gradual recovery where the observed Frequency periodicity slows to a period close to that observed before the glitch. These gradual recovery periods have been observed to last from days to years. Currently, only multiple glitches of the Crab Pulsar Crab and Vela Pulsar Vela pulsars have been observed and studied extensively Cause While the exact cause of glitches is unknown, they are thought to be caused by an internal process within the pulsar. This differs from the steady decrease in the star s rotational frequency which is caused by external processes. Although the details of the glitch process are unknown, it is thought that the resulting increase in the pulsar s rotational frequency is caused by a brief coupling of the pulsar s faster spinning superfluid core to the crust, which are usually decoupled. This brief coupling transfers angular momentum from core to the surface, which causes an increase in the measured periodicity. It is thought that the coupling could be caused by a breaking of the pulsar s magnetic dipole, which would apply a torque to the crust causing a brief coupling between the two parts. References http www.nature.com nature journal v359 n6396 abs 359616a0.html http www.saao.ac.za wgssa as4 urama.html http www.sciencemag.org cgi content summary 289 5476 13c Category Rotation powered pulsars var star stub physics stub fr Glitch astronomie it Glitch astronomia ru ... more details
The hexatic phase is a phase that is between the solid and the isotropic liquid phases in two dimensional systems of particles. It is characterized by two order parameters a short range positional and a quasi long range orientational sixfold order. More generally, a hexatic is any phase that contains sixfold orientational order, in analogy with the nematic phase with twofold orientational order . The existence of the hexatic phase was proposed by John Michael Kosterlitz and David J. Thouless as well as Bertrand Halperin , David R. Nelson and A. P. Young in theoretical studies about melting in two dimensions. They proposed two phase transition s by binding of topological defect s dislocation and declination . The first transition occurs when the solid quasi long range positional order, long range orientational order undergoes a dislocation unbinding transition to the hexatic phase short range positional order, quasi long range orientational order . The second transition is the disclination unbinding transition which transforms the hexatic phase into an isotropic phase short range positional and orientational order . See also XY model Kosterlitz Thouless transition References J.M. Kosterlitz & D.J. Thouless Long Range Order and Metastability in Two Dimensional Solids and Superfluids . J. Phys. C 5, L124 1972 J.M. Kosterlitz & D.J. Thouless Ordering Metastability, and Phase Transitions in Two Dimensional Systems . J. Phys. C 6, 1181 1973 J.M. Kosterlitz The critical properties of the two dimensional XY model . J . Phys. C 7, 1046 1974 D.R. Nelson & J.M. Kosterlitz Universal Jump in the Superfluid Density of Two Dimensional Superfluids . Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1201 1205 1977 B.I. Halperin & D.R. Nelson Theory of Two Dimensional Melting . Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 121 124 1978 D.R. Nelson & B.I. Halperin Dislocation mediated melting in two dimensions . Phys. Rev. B 19, 2457 2484 1979 A.P. Young Melting and the vector Coulomb gas in two dimensions . Phys. Rev. B 19, 1855 1866 19 ... more details
research interests concentrated on superfluid 3He, nuclear cooling , Spectroscopy point contact spectroscopy ... on superfluid 3He and high temperature superconducting Thin films thin REBaCuO films RE Rare earth ... more details
of intrinsic energy resolution. Roton detectors In superfluid Helium 4 sup 4 sup He the elementary collective excitations are phonon s and roton s. A particle striking an electron or nucleus in this superfluid ... ballistically and are stable, so that large volumes of fluid can be used. Quasiparticles in superfluid sup 3 sup He In the B phase, below 0.001 K, superfluid Helium 3 sup 3 sup He acts similarly to a superconductor ... sup 3 sup He atoms produced and to prepare and maintain much superfluid at such low temperature. References ... more details
in the general area of liquid helium , one on higher order phonon interaction processes in superfluid ..., and has been there ever since. Leggett s own research interests shifted away from superfluid sup ... more details
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