Evolutionary biology Sympatricspeciation is the process through which new species evolve from a single ... related e.g. sister species , such a distribution may be the result of sympatricspeciation . Etymological ... Society of London 1903 lxxvii cxvi. ref Sympatricspeciation is one of three traditional geographic categories for the phenomenon of speciation. ref name Futuyma 2009 Futuyma, D. J ..., B. M., J. A. Fordyce, and S. Gavrilets. 2008. What, if anything, is sympatricspeciation? Journal ... despite limited interbreeding where the two diverging groups come into contact. In sympatricspeciation ..., sympatricspeciation is thought to be an uncommon but plausible process by which genetic divergence ... 2007 Bolnick, D. I. and B. M. Fitzpatrick. 2007. Sympatricspeciation Models and empirical evidence ... , parapatric speciation parapatric and sympatricspeciation A number of models have been proposed ..., was first put forward by John Maynard Smith in 1966. ref cite journal title SympatricSpeciation ... would be favoured over heterozygosity, eventually leading to speciation. Sympatric divergence ... None ref A further well studied circumstance of sympatricspeciation is when insects feed on more ... to demonstrate sympatricspeciation. For example, Nicaragua crater lake cichlid fishes include at least one species that has evolved by sympatricspeciation ref Sympatricspeciation in Nicaraguan crater ... that sympatricspeciation has taken place, as many examples exist of recently diverged sister taxon sister taxa allochronic species. Sympatricspeciation events are vastly more common in plants, as they are prone ... sympatry , but are reproductively isolated. A rare example of sympatricspeciation in animals is the divergence ..., sympatricspeciation is still a highly contentious issue. By 1980 the theory was largely unfavourable ... evolution show no DEFAULTSORT SympatricSpeciation Category Ecology Category Evolutionary biology ... , sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organisms whose Range biology ranges overlap ... more details
speciation parapatric , and sympatricspeciationsympatric . Speciation may also be induced artificially ... speciation parapatric and sympatricspeciation All forms of natural speciation have taken place ... contamination of an area. Sympatric Ref improve section date March 2008 Main SympatricspeciationSympatricspeciation refers to the formation of two or more descendant species from a single ancestral species all occupying the same geographic location. In sympatricspeciation, species diverge while inhabiting the same place. Often cited examples of sympatricspeciation are found in insects that become .... 2005. Mayr, Dobzhansky, and Bush and the complexities of sympatricspeciation in Rhagoletis. Proceedings ...., and J. L. Feder. 2002. Sympatricspeciation in phytophagous insects moving beyond controversy? Annual Review of Entomology 47 773 815 ref However, the existence of sympatricspeciation as a mechanism of speciation is still hotly contested. People have argued that the evidences of sympatricspeciation ... example of sympatricspeciation is that of the cichlids of Lake Nabugabo in East Africa, which is thought ... that sympatricspeciation has occurred in Tennessee Cave Salamander Tennessee cave salamanders ... 294X.2008.03750.x pmid 18410292 ref Sympatricspeciation driven by ecological factors may also ... best explained by sympatricspeciation. Schluter and colleagues found Two different species of three ... separate occasions suggests strongly that ecological factors in a sympatric population can cause speciation ... maggot fly, which appears to be undergoing sympatricspeciation . ref cite journal author Feder JL, Roethele ... a 4 6 hybridization rate suggests that sympatricspeciation is occurring. The emergence of the new hawthorn ... favoring reproductive isolation is required for both parapatric and sympatricspeciation. Without ...Evolutionary biology Speciation is the evolution ary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook seems to have been the first to coin the term speciation for the splitting ... more details
Image Speciation modes.svg right thumb 300px Comparison of allopatric speciation allopatric , peripatric speciation peripatric , parapatric speciation parapatric and sympatricspeciationsympatricspeciation . Heteropatric and heteropatry are terms from biogeography , referring to organism s whose geographical ranges overlap or are even identical, so that they occur together at least in some places ... being the result of heteropatric speciation . Heteropatric speciation is a special case of sympatricspeciation that occurs when different ecotypes or Race biology race s of the same species geographically ... speciation is a refinement of our notion of sympatricspeciation in that it represents a behavioral .... The importance of behavioral separation as a mechanism for promoting sympatricspeciation in a heterogeneous or patchwork landscape is highlighted in John Maynard Smith s seminal paper on sympatricspeciation . ref J. Maynard Smith, 1966. Sympatricspeciation. The American Naturalist 110 637 ... Biology 36 34 58. ref of conditions that facilitate sympatricspeciation . Although some evolutionary biologists still regard sympatricspeciation as a highly contentious issue, both theoretical ref D. I. Bolnick, 2006. Multispecies outcomes in a common model of sympatricspeciation. Journal .... Habitat avoidance overlooking an important aspect of host specific mating and sympatricspeciation. Evolution 59 1552 1559. ref studies increasingly support sympatricspeciation as a likely process ... resolves the issue of sympatricspeciation by reducing it to a scaling issue in terms of the way ..., the process looks sympatric, but from an individual s perspective, the process looks allopatric ... into account. See also Adaptive radiation Sympatry Allopatry Cladistics Phylogenetics speciationsympatricspeciation allopatric speciation References references speciation DEFAULTSORT Heteropatric Speciation Category Biogeography Category Speciation evolution stub ... more details
pmid 18410292 ref Another example are ring species . See also species speciation allopatry , allopatric speciation peripatry , peripatric speciation sympatry , sympatricspeciation Adaptive radiation ... genetics cline . In parapatric speciation there is no specific extrinsic barrier to gene flow ... parapatric speciation in such cases as mining mine contamination of an area. This creates a selection ... . Similarly, a recent study provided evidence for parapatric speciation in Tennessee cave salamander ... evolibrary article 0 0 speciationmodes 04 Parapatric speciation in Understanding Evolution at evolution.berkeley.edu ... evolution 101 speciation show yes evolution show no DEFAULTSORT Parapatric Speciation Category Ecology Category Evolutionary biology Category Speciation Category Scientific classification Category Taxonomy ... more details
Evolutionary biology Image Speciation modes.svg left thumb 300px Comparison of allopatric speciation allopatric , peripatric, parapatric speciation parapatric and sympatricspeciationsympatricspeciation . Peripatric and peripatry are terms from biogeography , referring to organism s whose ranges are closely adjacent but do not overlap, being separated where these organisms do not occur &ndash for example a wide river or a mountain range. Such organisms are usually closely related e.g. sister species , their distribution being the result of peripatric speciation . Peripatric speciation is a form of speciation , the formation of new species through evolution . In this form, new species are formed in isolated peripheral populations this is similar to allopatric speciation in that populations are isolated and prevented from exchanging genes. However, peripatric speciation, unlike allopatric speciation, proposes that one of the populations is much smaller than the other. One possible consequence of peripatric speciation is that a geographically widespread ancestral species becomes paraphyletic , thereby becoming a paraspecies . The concept of a paraspecies is therefore a logical consequence of the Evolutionary Species Concept, by which one species give rise to a daughter species. The evolution of the polar bear from the brown bear is a well documented example of a living species that gave ... speciation was originally proposed by Ernst Mayr , and is related to the founder effect , because ... title Ernst Mayr Genetics and speciation url http www.genetics.org cgi content full 167 3 1041 journal ... drift is often proposed to play a significant role in peripatric speciation. ref cite journal author Templeton AR title The theory of speciation via the founder principle url http www.genetics.org cgi ... pmc 1214177 ref References Reflist speciation show no evolution show no DEFAULTSORT Peripatric Speciation Category Ecology Category Evolutionary biology Category Speciation Category Scientific classification ... more details
, is a consequence of allopatric speciation among island populations. Isolating mechanisms Image Speciation modes.svg right thumb 360px Comparison of allopatric , peripatric speciation peripatric , parapatric speciation parapatric and sympatricspeciationsympatricspeciation Allopatric speciation ... of other types of speciation, such as sympatricspeciation , parapatric speciation , and heteropatric speciation , is debated. Proponents of peripatric speciation contend that small population ... a role in many cases of speciation. Alternative modes of speciationSympatricspeciation represents an alternative method of speciation that does not require physical separation instead speciation occurs ...Evolutionary biology Allopatric speciation from the ancient Greek allos, other Greek patra, fatherland or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species ... isolation is a key factor in speciation and a common process by which new species arise. ref ... species , such a distribution is usually the result of allopatric speciation . Separation may be attributed ... the two groups is disrupted, speciation becomes a possibility. Allopatric speciation in peripheral populations Main Peripatric speciation When populations become genetically isolated, heritable variations ... not evolve as a consequence of external forces that drive populations toward speciation. Rather, the evolution of reproductive isolation, leading to speciation, is generally thought to be an incidental ..., fertile offspring with members of other species. Mayr, a proponent of allopatric speciation, hypothesized ... range of its parent population. In parapatric speciation there is no physical barrier to gene ... p 473 ref Allopatric speciation is thought to be the dominant mode of speciation. ref Harvnb Futuyma 1980 p 254 ref Examples Image Drosophila speciation experiment.svg right thumb 425px Allopatric speciation among Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies The African Elephant has always been regarded ... more details
Speciation may refer to Speciation biology , evolutionary process by which new biological species arise Speciation chemistry , distribution of chemical elements disambig it Speciazione ... more details
Evolutionary biology Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation wherein Hybrid biology hybridization between two different closely related species leads to a novel species, reproductively isolated from the parent species. From the 1940s, reproductive isolation between hybrids and their parents was thought to be particularly difficult to achieve and thus hybrid species considered to be extremely rare. With DNA analysis becoming more accessible in the 1990s, hybrid species have been showed to be a fairly common phenomenon, particularly in plants. ref name Arnold cite book last Arnold first M.L. title ... 296. ref Hybrid speciation ecology A hybrid may have a distinct trait phenotype . This phenotype may ... of genetic variation, and can in itself facilitate speciation. There is evidence that introgression ... speciation For the hybrid individual to form have superior fitness, it will generally have to be able ... fluctuation of water level in Lake Malawi , a situation that generally favour speciation ... year 1927 volume 2 pages 311 356 ref A form of hybrid speciation that is relatively common in plants ... without change in chromosome number is called homoploid hybrid speciation. ref name Arnold This is the situation ... reduction of chromosome numbers, creating reproductive barriers and thus allowing speciation. Known cases of hybrid speciation File Heliconius mimicry.png thumb right Closely related Heliconius species ... Animals Hybrid speciation in animals is primarily homoploid . While not very common, a few animal species ... journal author Brower AVZ title Hybrid speciation in Heliconius butterflies? A review and critique ... ref Many of the crop species are hybrids, ref name Otto and hybridization is an important factor in speciation ... content 85 1 135.full.pdf accessdate 14 December 2011 ref Homoploid speciation has given rise ..., E., Salcedo, C., Jiggins, C.D. , Linares, M. 2006 Speciation by hybridization in Heliconius butterflies. Nature. speciation Category Hybridisation biology Category Genetics Category Speciation Category ... more details
Speciation of ions refers to the changing concentration of varying forms of an ion as the pH of the solution changes. Image Weak acid speciation3.png thumb 200px right The ratio of acid, AH and conjugate base, A sup &minus sup , concentrations varies as the difference between the pH and the p K sub a sub varies, in accordance with the Henderson Hasselbalch equation . The pH of a solution of a monoprotic weak acid can be expressed in terms of the extent of dissociation. After rearranging the expression defining the acid dissociation constant , and putting pH log sub 10 sub H sup sup , one obtains pH p K sub a sub log AH A sup sup This is a form of the Henderson Hasselbalch equation . It can be deduced from this expression that when the acid is 1 dissociated, that is, when AH A sup sup 100, pH p K sub a sub 2 when the acid is 50 dissociated, that is, when AH A sup sup 1, pH p K sub a sub when the acid is 99 dissociated, that is, when AH A sup sup 0.01, pH p K sub a sub 2 It follows that the range of pH within which there is partial dissociation of the acid is about p K sub a sub 2. This is shown graphically at the right. A practical application of these results is that the pH transition range of a pH indicator is approximately p K sub a sub 1 the colour of the indicator in its acid form is different from the colour of the conjugate base form. In the transition range both forms are in equilibrium, so the colour is intermediate. Outside the transition range the concentration of acid or conjugate base is less than 10 and the colour of the major species dominates. Image Citric acid speciation.png thumb 200 px Species concentrations calculated with the program http www.hyperquad.co.uk hyss.htm HySS for a 10mM solution of citric acid. p K sub a1 sub 3.13, p K sub a2 sub 4.76, p K sub a3 sub 6.40. A weak acid may be defined as an acid with p K sub a sub greater than about 2. An acid with p K sub a sub 2 would be 99 dissociated at pH 0, that is, in a 1 M HCl solution. Any acid ... more details
unreferenced date December 2007 Speciation is a process that occurs naturally in evolution and is modeled explicitly in some genetic algorithms . Speciation in nature occurs when two similar reproducing beings evolve to become too dissimilar to share genetic information effectively or correctly. In the case of living organisms , they are incapable of mating to produce offspring . Interesting special cases of different species being able to breed exist, such as a horse and a donkey mating to produce a mule . However in this case the Mule is usually infertile, and so the genetic isolation of the two parent species is maintained. In implementations of genetic search algorithms, the event of speciation is defined by some mathematical function that describes the similarity between two candidate solutions usually described as individuals in the population. If the result of the similarity is too low, the chromosomal crossover crossover Operation mathematics operator is disallowed between those individuals. See also DEFAULTSORT Speciation Genetic Algorithm Category Evolutionary algorithms Category Genetic algorithms ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 The observation that the trophic structures i.e. mouth s of Sympatricspeciationsympatric congeneric species generally vary by a factor of 1.3. Clarify date May 2011 This variation presumably leads to niche differentiation , allowing coexistence of multiple similar species in the same habitat , by partitioning food resources. Unreferenced date April 2011 Category Speciation Category Ecology biology stub ... more details
a common range exemplifies sympatricspeciation . Such speciation may be a product of reproductive ... gene flow that results in genetic divergence. Sfn Futuyma 2009 p 241 Sympatricspeciation does not imply secondary contact, which is speciation or divergence in allopatry followed by range expansions leading to an area of sympatry. Sympatric species or taxa in secondary contact may or may not hybrid biology interbreed . Types of species Four main types of species exist in nature. Sympatric species ... the range of the population during the period of reproduction. ref name Sympatricspeciation ... ref . In essence, sympatricspeciation does require very strong forces of natural selection to be acting ..., recent research has begun to indicate that sympatricspeciation is not as uncommon as was once assumed. Sympatricspeciation Image Speciation modes.svg thumb 360px Different modes of speciation Main Sympatricspeciation The lack of geographic constraint in isolating sympatric populations implies that the emerging ... mating between individuals of the two species. ref name On the origin of species by sympatricspeciation ... of species by sympatricspeciation author Dieckmann, U. & Doebeli, M. publisher Nature year 1999 .... Because of this, sympatricspeciation which was once highly debated among researchers is progressively ... may lead to sympatricspeciation within a shared habitat. ref name Partial Incompatibility between ...File N. jamban and N. lingulata.jpg thumb Sympatric Nepenthes jamban left and Nepenthes lingulata right in Sumatran upper montane forest In biology, two species or populations are considered sympatric ... changes in response to their varying environments. These may drive allopatric speciation , which is arguably the dominant mode of speciation. Evolving definitions and controversy The lack of geographic isolation as a definitive barrier between sympatric species has yielded controversy among ecologists .... Today, however, many biologists consider parasites and their hosts to be sympatric see ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Diachasma alloeum regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Hymenoptera superfamilia Ichneumonoidea familia Braconidae subfamilia Opiinae genus Diachasma species D. alloeum binomial Diachasma alloeum binomial authority Muesebeck , 1956 Diachasma alloeum is a small wasp in the family Braconidae . It is a parasitoid of Rhagoletis pomonella , the apple maggot . The wasp lays its eggs into third instar larvae of the fly, which then develop after the larvae have pupated. The immature wasps then eat the fly larvae and overwinter inside the fly puparia. Diachasma alloeum wasps attacking Rhagoletis pomonella in apples appear to be undergoing a speciation event in concert with their hosts. ref Forbes, A.A., L.L. Stelinski, T.H.Q. Powell, J.J. Smith and J.L. Feder. 2009. Sequential sympatric speciation across trophic levels. Science 323 776 779. ref This is an example of sequential sympatric speciation . References Reflist Category Braconidae Category Animals described in 1956 Wasp stub ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Expert subject Genetics date April 2008 A genetic isolate is population of organisms that has little genetic mixing with other organisms within the same species. This may result in speciation , but this is not necessarily the case. Genetic isolates may form new species in several ways allopatric speciation , in which two populations of the same species are geographically isolated from one another by an extrinsic barrier, and evolve intrinsic genetic reproductive isolation peripatric speciation , in which a small group of a population is separated from the main population, and experiences genetic drift parapatric speciation , in which zones of two diverging populations are separate, but do overlap somewhat partial separation is afforded by geography, so individuals of each species may come in contact from time to time, but selection for specific behaviours or mechanisms may prevent breeding between the two groups. sympatric speciation , a contentious method of speciation in which species diverge while inhabiting the same place. Human influences on genetic isolates include restricted Dog breeding breeding of dogs , or a community living secluded away from others such as Tristan da Cunha or Pitcairn Islands . A far larger and less secluded human genetic isolate is the ethnic Finns , natives of Finland see Finnish disease heritage . See also Language isolate Linkage disequilibrium DEFAULTSORT Genetic Isolate Category Speciation ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The term allochrony is used in ecology to describe a situation where two biological entities typically species occur in the same area, and are thus sympatric , but are never or rarely active simultaneously. The most common temporal scale at which this is seen is seasonal, and greater emphasis is placed on the phenomenon when the two entities share a common resource for which they would otherwise be in competition for example, feeding on the same host biology host plant, or consuming the same prey . Allochrony is one of the few ecological phenomena that lend clear support to models and theories of sympatric speciation the idea that related lineages can differentiate into independent gene pool s while still sharing the same physical environment, simply by virtue of changes in the life cycle that lead to separation in time of different portions of the ancestral population. Category Ecological processes Category Speciation ... more details
Scripta 2011 40 4 350 363. ref References references See also Biological species Allopatric speciation Parapatric speciationSympatricspeciation Category Evolutionary biology Category Population genetics Category Speciation ca Esp cies bessones de Zwillingsart es Especies gemelas it Sibling species ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . taxobox image Howea belmoreana.jpg image caption Howea belmoreana status VU status system IUCN2.3 regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Arecales familia Arecaceae subfamilia Arecoideae tribus Areceae subtribus Linospadicinae genus Howea species H. belmoreana binomial Howea belmoreana binomial authority C. Moore & F.Muell. Becc. range map Lord Howe Island.PNG range map caption H. belmoreana is endemic to Lord Howe Island range map caption H. belmoreana is endemic to Lord Howe Island Howea belmoreana , the Curly Palm , Kentia Palm , or Belmore Sentry Palm , is a species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family. It is endemic species endemic to Lord Howe Island , Australia . It and Howea forsteriana probably evolved from a common ancestor through sympatric speciation ref http www.the scientist.com news display 23103 Evidence for sympatric speciation The Scientist, Stuart Blackman, 9th February 2006 ref .The canopy of a mature Kentia palm tree spreads anywhere from 5 10 ft in diameter and contains roughly three dozen leaves. ref cite web title Real Palm Trees work Palm Tree General Description url http realpalmtrees.com palm blog k o kentia palm howea forsteriana ref Commons Howea belmoreana References Johnson, D. 1998. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 38576 all Howea belmoreana . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 20 July 2007. reflist Category Arecales of Australia Category Howea Category Vulnerable flora of Australia Category Flora of Lord Howe Island Areceae stub Australia plant stub es Howea belmoreana vi Howea belmoreana ... more details
Infobox lake lake name Lake Bermin image lake caption lake image bathymetry caption bathymetry coords coord 5 09 30 N 9 38 0 E type waterbody display inline,title type Crater lake inflow None outflow Cross River Nigeria Cross River system catchment basin countries Cameroon length width area convert 144 acres km2 ref name Cichlids depth max depth volume shore elevation islands cities reference Lake Bermin sometimes spelled Bemin is a small lake in the Cameroon line volcanic chain in the Southwest Region, Cameroon Southwest Region of Cameroon . It is a volcanic lake with a crater rim that rises to a height of about convert 150 ft m . ref name Cichlids Dickinson, C. 2005 . http www.faas.info download pub awards 2005 011 001.pdf The Tilapia of Lake Bernin, Cameroon. Modern Aquarium Greater City A.S. NY 15 16 ref This highly isolated lake is roughly circular in shape, lacks an inflow, but has an outflow into the Cross River Nigeria Cross River system. ref name Sympatric Schliewen, U.K., Tautz, D., and P bo, S. 1994 . Sympatric speciation suggested by monophyly of crater lake cichlids. Nature journal Nature 368 6472 629 632. ref Despite its very small size, it supports 9 Endemism endemic species of tilapiine cichlid fishes Tilapia bakossiorum T. bakossiorum , Tilapia bemini T. bemini , Tilapia bythobates T. bythobates , Tilapia flava T. flava , Tilapia gutturosa T. gutturosa , Tilapia imbriferna T. imbriferna , Tilapia snyderae T. snyderae , Tilapia spongotroktis T. spongotroktis , and Tilapia thysi T. thysi . ref name Cichlids This number of endemic fishes per area is the highest recorded anywhere. ref name FEW Freshwater Ecoregions of the World 2008 . http www.feow.org ecoregion details.php?eco 519 Western Equatorial Crater Lakes. ref Genetics Genetic evidence suggests that these probably were the result of sympatric speciation . ref name Sympatric All are critically endangered by pollution and Siltation sedimentation from human activities, and potentially also by larg ... more details
Stabilizing selection Sympatricspeciation References references MolecularEvolution DEFAULTSORT Disruptive ... seeds, and were hence maladaptive. While it is true that disruptive selection can lead to speciation, this is not as quick or straightforward of a process as other types of speciation or evolutionary ... more details
Assortative mating has been invoked to explain sympatricspeciation . For some populations there are two .... Dudgeon 2004 . Evidence for sympatricspeciation by host shift in the sea. Current Biology 14 16 , pp .... Goby fish Positive assortative mating is believed to be the cause of the speciation of a daughter ... even though the parent species surrounds the daughter species so there is no Allopatric speciation geographic isolation . The speciation in the early stages would depend on assortative mating in which ... natural selection Hypergamy speciation Category Reproduction Category Sexual selection Category Demography ... more details
Alexey S. Kondrashov lang ru born April 11, 1957 in Moscow is a professor at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI . He has worked on a variety of subjects in evolutionary genetics . He is best known for the evolution of sex Removal of deleterious genes deterministic mutation hypothesis ref name deterministic mutation hypothesis Kondrashov, A.S. 1988. Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sexual reproduction. Nature journal Nature 336 435 440 ref explaining the maintenance of sexual reproduction, ref name evolution os sex Kondrashov AS & James F. Crow Crow JF. 1991. Haploidy or diploidy which is better? Nature journal Nature 351 314 315 ref his work on sympatric speciation, ref name sympatric speciation Kondrashov AS & Kondrashov FA. 1999. Interactions among quantitative traits in the course of symaptric speciation. Nature journal Nature 400 351 354 ref and his work on evaluating mutation mutation rates . ref name mutation rate Kondrashov AS & Houle D. 1994. Genotype Environment interactions and the estimation of the genomci mutation reate in Drosophila melanogaster . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 258 221 227 ref Originally from the Soviet Union , A.S. Kondrashov has been working in the United States since the early 1990s. His work currently focuses on measuring rate of spontaneous mutation in Drosophila . Also, he studies selection at the sequence level and protein evolution. ref name protein evolution Jordan IK, Kondrashov FA, Adzhubei IA, Wolf YI, Eugene Koonin Koonin EV , Kondrashov AS, Sunyaev S. 2005. A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution Nature journal Nature 433 633 638 ref Notes Reflist See also http www.lsi.umich.edu facultyresearch labs kondrashov Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Kondrashov, Alexey ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 11, 1957 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Kondrashov, ... more details
, A.A., L.L. Stelinski, T.H.Q. Powell, J.J. Smith and J.L. Feder. 2009. Sequential sympatricspeciation ... a possible example of an early step towards the emergence of a new species, a case of sympatricspeciation . ref Feder, J. L. 1998 The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella flies in the face of conventional wisdom about speciation? In Howard, D. J. & Berlocher, S. H. Eds. Endless Forms Species and Speciation. New York, Oxford University Press. ref The emergence of the apple race of Rhagoletis ... more details
steinbachi S. steinbachi , and likely the results of sympatricspeciation . ref name Sympatric Schliewen, U.K., Tautz, D., and P bo, S. 1994 . Sympatricspeciation suggested by monophyly of crater ... more details
In 1909, the entomologist Carlo Emery noted that social parasites among insects e.g., cleptoparasite s tend to be parasites of species or genera to which they are closely related. ref name RD cite web url http www.nature.com scitable knowledge library social parasitism in ants 13256421 title Social Parasitism in Ants author Richard Deslippe publisher Nature Education Knowledge year 2010 accessdate 2010 10 29 ref ref Emery, C. ber den Ursprung der dulotischen, parasitischen und myrmekophilen Ameisen. Biologisches Centralblatt 29 , 352 362 1909 ref Over the years, this pattern has been recognized in many additional cases, and generalized to what is now known as Emery s Rule . ref name RD The pattern is best known for various taxa of Hymenoptera , but also in members of other kingdoms such as fungi , red algae , and mistletoe . The significance and general relevance of this pattern is still a matter of some debate, as a great many exceptions exist, though a common explanation for the phenomenon when it occurs is that the parasites may have started as facultative parasites within the host species itself such forms of intraspecific parasitism are well known, even in some subspecies of honeybee s ref cite web last Wenseleers first Tom title Intraspecific queen parasitism in highly eusocial bee url http bio.kuleuven.be ento pdfs wenseleers etal biollett 2011.pdf work Biology Letters publisher Royal Society Publishing accessdate 9 July 2011 ref , but later became reproductively isolated and split off from the ancestral species, a form of sympatric speciation . References Reflist Category Parasitology Parasite stub ru ... more details
italic title Taxobox image Black fly.jpg image caption Adult Black Fly with Onchocerca volvulus emerging from the insect s antenna. name Onchocerca regnum Animal ia phylum Nematoda classis Secernentea ordo Spirurida familia Onchocercidae genus Onchocerca Onchocerca is a genus of roundworm . It contains one human parasite Onchocerca volvulus which is responsible for the neglected disease Onchocerciasis , also known as River Blindness because the infected humans tend to live near rivers where host black flies live. Over 40 million people are infected in Africa , Central America , and South America . ref http web.indstate.edu thcme micro parasitology NEMAT.HTM Medical Microbiology , Indiana State University. Accessed 14 February 2008. ref List of species Image Life Cycle of Onchocerca volvulus PLoS Medicine.jpg thumb left 250px Life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus Onchocerca armillata Onchocerca cervicalis Onchocerca dukei Onchocerca fasciata Onchocerca flexuosa Onchocerca gibsoni Onchocerca gutturosa Onchocerca jakutensis Onchocerca linealis Onchocerca lupi Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca ramachandrini Onchocerca sp. bushbuck Onchocerca sp. Siisa Onchocerca tubingensis Onchocerca volvulus Notes reflist 2 References http beta.uniprot.org taxonomy ?query ancestor 3a6281 Species of genus Onchocerca Further reading http journals.cambridge.org action displayAbstract jsessionid 399B85E4D100FAA5A77852E63E73AA41.tomcat1?fromPage online&aid 930012 Molecular systematics of five Onchocerca species Nematoda Filarioidea including the human parasite, O. volvulus, suggest sympatric speciation nematode stub parasite stub wikispecies Category Parasitic animals Category Nematodes nl Onchocerca ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
