such a mechanism could operate. A further consequence of recombinant synapsis is to increase genetic ... function of synapsis is therefore the identification of homologues by pairing, an essential step for a successful meiosis, but the chiasma formation that takes place within synapsis has consequences ... fr Synapsis pt Synapsis zh ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . taxobox status EN status system IUCN2.3 regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Bignoniaceae genus Synapsis genus Synapsis species S. ilicifolia binomial Synapsis ilicifolia binomial authority August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach Griseb. Synapsis ilicifolia is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is Endemism endemic to Cuba . References Areces Mallea, A.E. 1998. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 31690 all Synapsis ilicifolia . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 August 2007. Category Synapsis genus Category Endangered plants Category Flora of Cuba Lamiales stub de Synapsis ilicifolia vi Synapsis ilicifolia ... more details
Syndesis may refer to Arthrodesis , in orthopedic surgery Synapsis , in cell biology disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Wiktionary Synaptic may refer to Synapse , part of the nervous system Synaptic software , a Linux graphical package management program Synaptics , a laptop touchpad manufacturer See also Synapse disambiguation Synapsis , the pairing of two homologous chromosomes disambig ... more details
taxobox name Schlegeliaceae regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Schlegeliaceae familia authority Reveal subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Exarata Gibsoniothamnus Schlegelia Synapsis genus Synapsis Thomandersia Schlegeliaceae is a family biology family of plants native to Neotropics tropical America . This family is sometimes included in Scrophulariaceae . Category Lamiales families lamiales stub ca Esclegeli cies cs Schlegeliaceae da Schlegeliaceae de Schlegeliaceae es Schlegeliaceae fr Schlegeliaceae ko id Schlegeliaceae nl Schlegeliaceae no Schlegeliaceae pt Schlegeliaceae ru vi Schlegeliaceae zh ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 A bivalent , sometimes referred to as a tetrad , is a pair of associated homologous chromosome s held together by a complex after chromosome replication. During meiosis the Prophase I stage of Meiosis I , the process of synapsis occurs in which bivalents are formed. Each replicated chromosome is composed of two chromatid s. Bivalents are formed as two homologous chromosomes undergo recombination. Chromosome movement to accommodate recombination places homologous chromosomes close enough to each other for a protein complex synaptonemal complex , consisting of a protein ZIP1 ZYP1 depending on species , to hold them together. This protein s sequence is not well conserved, though its structure is very similar in all species globular domains on the N and C termini with a well defined core . In the atypical model species D. melanogaster and C. elegans recombination occurs secondarily to synapsis. Most species Human, Mouse, Arabidopsis, Maize, Yeast, Lily, and many others create bivalents as a result of DNA repair and recombination. Recombination produces chiasmata which hold chromosomes together after the synaptonemal complex dissolves. Prophase 1 substage Diplotene Category Chromosomes Category Cell cycle de Bivalent Meiose pl Biwalent genetics stub ... more details
disassembled and can no longer be identified. Formation of the SC usually reflects the pairing or synapsis ... chromosomes in male mammals show only partial synapsis as they usually form only a short SC in the XY ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A chromomere , also known as an idiomere , is one of the serially aligned beads or granules of an eukaryotic chromosome , resulting from local coiling of a continuous DNA thread. ref http www.highbeam.com doc 1P1 28729514.html Chromomere The Mosby Medical Encyclopedia ref It is visible on a chromosome during the prophase of meiosis and mitosis . Giant banded Polytene chromosome Polytene chromosomes resulting from the replication of the chromosomes and the synapsis of homologs without cell division is a process called endomitosis. These chromosomes consist of more than 1000 copies of the same chromatid that are aligned and produce alternating dark and light bands when stained. The dark bands are the chromomere. The chromomeres are present during leptotene phase of prophase I during meiosis. During zygotene phase of prophase I, the chromomeres of homologs align with each other to form homologous rough pairing homology searching . These chromomeres helps provide a unique identity for each homologous pairs. There are more than 2000 chromomeres on 20 chromosomes of maize. References Reflist External links http www.nature.com cr journal v12 n5 full 7290142a.html Preparation and analysis of spermatocyte meiotic pachytene bivalents of pigs for gene mapping Nature http www.nature.com hdy journal v81 n6 full 6884320a.html Physical mapping of DNA repetitive sequences to mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra by fluorescence in situ hybridization Nature http www.springerlink.com content p7684u1ln87j6735 Chromonema and chromomere Springerlink Category Chromosomes Genetics stub ca Crom mer es Crom mero it Cromomero pt Crom meros ... more details
Spo11 is a protein used in a complex along with Mre11 and RAD50 gene Rad50 during meiotic genetic recombination recombination . ref name pmid20364103 cite journal author Inagaki A, Schoenmakers S, Baarends WM title DNA double strand break repair, chromosome synapsis and transcriptional silencing in meiosis journal Epigenetics Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society volume 5 issue 4 pages year 2010 month May pmid 20364103 doi url http www.landesbioscience.com journals epi abstract.php?id 11518 issn ref It is also involved in the creation of double stranded breaks in the DNA in the early stages of this process. Its active site contains a tyrosine which ligates and dissociates with DNA to promote break formation. One Spo11 protein is involved per strand of DNA, thus two Spo11 proteins are involved in each double stranded break event. Genetic exchange between two DNA molecules by homologous recombination begins with a break in both strands of DNA called a double strand break and recombination is started by an endonuclease enzyme that cuts the DNA molecule that receives the exchanged DNA. In meiosis the enzyme is SPO11, which is related to DNA topoisomerase s. Topoisomerases change DNA by transiently breaking one or both strands, passing the unbroken DNA strand or strands through the break and repairing the break the broken ends of the DNA are covalently linked to topoisomerase. SPO11 is similarly attached to the DNA when it forms double strand breaks during meiosis. ref name isbn0 7637 7992 X cite book author authorlink editor others title Lewin s Genes X edition 10 language publisher Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc location year 2011 origyear pages 353 354 quote isbn 0 7637 7992 X oclc doi url accessdate ref References Reflist colwidth 30em Category Proteins protein stub ja Spo11 ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol HORMA Name HORMA domain image PDB 1go4 EBI.jpg width caption crystal structure of mad1 mad2 reveals a conserved mad2 binding motif in mad1 and cdc20. Pfam PF02301 Pfam clan InterPro IPR003511 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1duj TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the HORMA domain named after the Ho p1p, R ev7p and MA D2 Protein proteins is a protein domain that has been suggested to recognise chromatin states resulting from DNA adducts , Double stranded DNA double stranded breaks or non attachment to the mitotic spindle spindle and act as an adaptor that recruits other protein s. Hop1 is a meiosis specific protein, Rev7 is required for DNA damage induced mutagenesis , and MAD2 is a spindle checkpoint protein which prevents progression of the cell cycle upon detection of a defect in mitotic spindle integrity. ref name pmid9223296 cite journal author He X, Patterson TE, Sazer S title The Schizosaccharomyces pombe spindle checkpoint protein mad2p blocks anaphase and genetically interacts with the anaphase promoting complex. journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A year 1997 volume 94 issue 15 pages 7965 70 pmid 9223296 doi pmc 21538 url ref ref name pmid9757827 cite journal author Aravind L, Koonin EV title The HORMA domain a common structural denominator in mitotic checkpoints, chromosome synapsis and DNA repair. journal Trends Biochem Sci year 1998 volume 23 issue 8 pages 284 6 pmid 9757827 doi pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 9757827 ref Examples Humans proteins containing this domain include HORMAD1 , HORMAD2 , MAD2L1 , MAD2L2 References reflist InterPro content IPR003511 Category Protein domains ... more details
multiple issues cleanup April 2009 notability April 2009 refimprove April 2009 Oskar Aichinger is an Austrian people Austrian avant garde jazz pianist who has collaborated with musicians such as Stefan N meth , Franz Koglmann , Hannes Enzlberger , Steinaich Irrding , Burkhard Stangl , Oswald Eggers , Achim Tang , Franz Koglmann and Paul Skrepek Jun , among many others. ref cite web last first title Oskar Aichinger Credits publisher Allmusic url Allmusic class artist id p396021 pure url yes ref Discography cite book last Steinaich Irrding first authorlink Steinaich Irrding coauthors year 1992 title An Den Langen L ssen publisher Extraplatte url Allmusic class album id r552145 pure url yes cite book last Oskar Aichinger first authorlink coauthors year 1999 title Poemia publisher Durian url Allmusic class album id r447428 pure url yes cite book last Oskar Aichinger first authorlink coauthors year 2000 title Elements of Poetry publisher Between the Lines url Allmusic class album id r474764 pure url yes cite book last Burkhard Stangl first authorlink Burkhard Stangl coauthors Oswald Eggers year 2000 title Venusmond publisher Quell url Allmusic class album id r566116 pure url yes cite book last Oskar Aichinger first authorlink coauthors year 2001 title To Touch a Distant Soul publisher Between the Lines url Allmusic class album id r546393 pure url yes cite book last Hannes Enzlberger first authorlink Hannes Enzlberger coauthors year 2002 title Songs to Anything That Moves publisher Between The Lines url Allmusic class album id r617586 pure url yes cite book last Oskar Aichinger first authorlink coauthors year 2003 title Synapsis publisher Between the Lines url Allmusic class album id r647732 pure url yes References reflist jazzfooter Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Aichinger, Oskar ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Aichinger, Oskar Category Austrian jazz pianists Category Living pe ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Stranger than Fiction Type Album Artist John Surman John Surman Quartet Cover Stranger than Fiction John Surman album .jpg Released October 11, 1994 Recorded December 1993 br small Rainbow Studio, Oslo Genre Jazz Length 64 42 Label ECM Records ECM br small ECM 1534 Producer Manfred Eicher Chronology John Surman Last album The Brass Project br 1992 This album Stranger than Fiction br 1993 Next album Nordic Quartet br 1994 Stranger than Fiction is an album by English saxophonist John Surman featuring John Taylor jazz John Taylor , Chris Laurence and John Stanley Marshall John Marshall recorded in 1993 and released on the ECM Records ECM label. ref name ECM discography http www.ecmrecords.com Catalogue ECM 1500 1534.php ECM discography accessed October 5, 2011 ref Reception The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4 stars stating Surman always sounds relaxed, even on the more heated originals. It s an interesting set of generally introverted music . ref name Allmusic Yanow. S. http www.allmusic.com album stranger than fiction r206989 Allmusic Review accessed October 5, 2011 ref Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score rating 4 5 ref name Allmusic Track listing All compositions by John Surman except as indicated Canticle with Response 6 10 A Distant Spring 7 45 Tess 6 44 Promising Horizons Marshall, Surman, Taylor 5 32 Across the Bridge 7 55 Moonshine Dancer 6 43 Running Sands 9 10 Triptych Hidden Orchid Synapsis Paratactic Paths 14 43 Personnel John Surman &mdash soprano saxophone , baritone saxophone , alto clarinet , bass clarinet John Taylor jazz John Taylor &mdash piano Chris Laurence &mdash double bass bass John Stanley Marshall John Marshall &mdash drum kit drums References reflist John Surman Category ECM Records albums Category John Surman albums Category 1994 albums Category Albums produced by Manfred Eicher ... more details
http www.hyperbitsmusic.com Hyperbits is an electronic dance music producing duo based out of New York City . Formed by longtime friends, Robert Palliser & Serik Slobodskoy, these two attempt to melodically fuse together big room progressive house, electro & trance, using their choice of DAW Logic Pro . Hyperbits primarily uses digital synths such as Lennard Digital Sylenth1, ReFX Nexus2, Synapsis Dune, FAW Circle, and commercial audio plugin s by Sound Toys, Sonalksis, Izotope, Waves, Veangeance, Audio Damage, Cytomic, DMG audio, and many more. http www.hyperbitsmusic.com Hyperbits was officially formed in August 2011 ref http thegetdownnn.wordpress.com 2011 08 25 tiesto work hard play hard feat kay hyperbits remix ref and has since been embraced by the Electronic Dance Music ref http www.electronicaoasis.com progressive coldplay clocks hyperbits lights out remix ref blogging community for their remixes of Dirty South & Thomas Gold s Alive , ref http beatsmedia.com news todays free download dirty south thomas gold alive feat kate elsworth hyperbits remix ref Coldplay s Clocks , ref http poponandon.com download coldplay clocks hyperbits lights out remix ref and Tiesto s Work Hard, Hard . ref http www.icangiveyouhouse.com 2011 08 24 meet hyperbits ref They have also recently signed with http www.setlistagency.com The Set List , an NYC booking agency. ref http www.setlistagency.com ref Live Sets As DJs, Hyperbits have performed at prominent NYC clubs and venues such as Pacha NYC, Santos Party House, Webster Hall, Hudson Terrace, Studio XXI and Lexicon. Their sets tend to encompass many genres of electronic dance music. They use 3 Pioneer CDJ 1000 MK3 s and a Pioneer DJM 800 Discography Remixes Coldplay, Clocks 2011 ref http soundcloud.com hyperbits clocks hyperbits lights out ref Dirty South & Thomas Gold, Alive 2011 ref http soundcloud.com hyperbits alive feat kate elsworth ref Tiesto, Work Hard, Play Hard 2011 ref http soundcloud.com hyperbits tiesto work hard play ... more details
Image Morgan crossover 1.jpg thumb 200px Thomas Hunt Morgan s illustration of crossing over 1916 Image Morgan crossover 2.jpg thumb 200px A double crossing over Image Chromosomal Recombination.svg thumb Recombination involves the breakage and rejoining of parental chromosomes Chromosomal crossover or crossing over is an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosome s. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination , which occurs during prophase I of meiosis pachytene in a process called synapsis . Synapsis begins before the synaptonemal complex develops, and is not completed until near the end of prophase I. Crossover usually occurs when matching regions on matching chromosome s break and then reconnect to the other chromosome. Crossing over was described, in theory, by Thomas Hunt Morgan . He relied on the discovery of the Belgian Professor Frans Alfons Janssens of the University of Leuven who described the phenomenon in 1909 and had called it chiasmatypie . The term chiasma genetics chiasma is linked if not identical to chromosomal crossover. Morgan immediately saw the great importance of Janssens cytological interpretation of chiasmata to the experimental results of his research on the heredity of Drosophila . The physical basis of crossing over was first demonstrated by Harriet Creighton and Barbara McClintock in 1931. ref cite journal author Creighton H, McClintock B title A Correlation of Cytological and Genetical Crossing Over in Zea Mays journal Proc Natl Acad Sci USA volume 17 issue 8 pages 492 7 year 1931 pmid 16587654 doi 10.1073 pnas.17.8.492 pmc 1076098 Original paper ref Chemistry Meiotic recombination initiates with double stranded breaks that are introduced into the DNA by the Spo11 protein. ref cite journal doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 00 81876 0 title Meiosis Specific DNA Double Strand Breaks Are Catalyzed by Spo11, a Member of a Widely Conserved Protein Family year 1997 author Keeney, S journal Cell volume 88 pages 375 84 pmid 90392 ... more details
Image Deletion.gif thumb 300px right Deletion on a chromosome In genetics , a deletion also called gene deletion , deficiency , or deletion mutation sign delta letter is a mutation a Chromosome Chromosomal aberrations genetic aberration in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing. Deletion is the loss of genetic material. Any number of nucleotide s can be deleted, from a single base to an entire piece of chromosome. ref name Lewis Lewis R. 2005. Human Genetics Concepts and Applications , 6th Ed. McGraw Hill, New York. ref Deletions can be caused by errors in chromosomal crossover during meiosis . This causes several serious genetic disease s. Deletion also causes frameshift . Causes Causes include the following Losses from Chromosomal translocation translocation Chromosomal crossover s within a chromosomal inversion Unequal crossing over Breaking without rejoining For synapsis to occur between a chromosome with a large intercalary deficiency and a normal complete homolog, the unpaired region of the normal homolog must loop out of the linear structure into a deletion or compensation loop . Types Types of deletion include the following Terminal Deletion a deletion that occurs towards the end of a chromosome. Intercalary Deletion Interstitial Deletion a deletion that occurs from the interior of a chromosome. Effects Small deletions are less likely to be fatal large deletions are usually fatal there are always variations based on which genes are lost. Some medium sized deletions lead to recognizable human disorders. Deletion of a number of base pairs that is not evenly divisible by three will lead to a frameshift mutation , causing all of the codon s occurring after the deletion to be read incorrectly during translation genetics translation , producing a severely altered and potentially nonfunctional protein . In contrast, a deletion that is evenly divisible by three is called an in frame deletion. ref http www.gen2phen.org wiki lsdb controlled voc ... more details
Homologous chromosomes also called homologs or homologues are chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding Locus genetics loci . One Homology biology homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism s mother the other from the organism s father. ref name Campbell cite book author Reece, Jane Campbell, Neil title Biology publisher Benjamin Cummings location San Francisco year 2002 isbn 0 8053 6624 5 ref They are usually not identical. Homologous chromosomes pair synapsis synapse during meiosis the cell division that occurs as part of the creation of gamete s. Sections of the DNA can sometimes Chromosomal crossover cross over between homologous pairs. Each chromosome in the pair contains genes for the same biological features, such as eye color, at the same locations locus genetics loci on the chromosome. However, each can contain either the same allele e.g., both alleles for blue eyes or different alleles e.g., one allele for blue eyes and one allele for brown eyes for each feature. Homologous chromosomes are usually similar in length, except for the sex chromosome s in several taxa , where the X chromosome is considerably larger than the Y chromosome . These sex chromosomes share only small regions of homology biology homology . Humans have 22 pairs of homologous non sex chromosomes called autosomes , and one pair of sex chromosome s, making a total of 46 chromosomes in a genetically normal human. Each member of a pair is inherited from one of the two parents. In addition to the 22 pairs of homologous autosomes, female humans have a homologous pair of sex chromosomes X chromosome two Xs , while males have an X chromosome X and a Y chromosome . Ploidy The ploidy of an organism is the number of homologous versions it has of each chromosome. If the chromosomes of an organism were separated into sets of completely non homolougous chromosomes, the ploidy would be ... more details
Orphan date February 2012 In genetics , pseudolinkage is a characteristic of a heterozygote for a reciprocal translocation , in which genes located near the Chromosomal translocation translocation breakpoint behave as if they are Genetic linkage linked even though they originated on http www.mondofacto.com facts dictionary?nonhomologous chromosomes nonhomologous chromosomes . Genetic linkage Linkage is the proximity of two or more markers on a chromosome the closer together the markers are, the lower the probability that they will be separated by recombination . Genes are said to be linked when the frequency of parental type progeny exceeds that of recombinant progeny. Not occur in translocation homozygote During meiosis in a translocation homozygote, chromosomes segregate normally according to Mendelian principles. Even though the genes have been rearranged during Chromosomal crossover crossover , both haploid sets of chromosomes in the individual have the same rearrangement reaction rearrangement . As a result, all chromosomes will find a single partner with which to pair at meiosis, and there will be no deleterious consequences for the Offspring progeny . In translocation heterozygote In translocation heterozygote, however, certain patterns of chromosome segregation during meiosis produce genetically unbalanced gametes that at fertilization become deleterious to the zygote . In a translocation heterozygote, the two haploid sets of chromosomes do not carry the same arrangement of genetic information. As a result, during prophase of the first meiotic division, the translocated chromosomes and their normal homologs assume a crosslike configuration in which four chromosomes, rather than the normal two, pair to achieve a maximum of synapsis between similar regions. We denote the chromosomes carrying translocated material with a T and the chromosomes with a normal order of genes with an N. Chromosomes N1 and T1 have homologous centromeres found in wild type on chromoso ... more details
hatnote For the company, see Siemens PLM Software Primary sources date August 2007 news release date April 2008 Teamcenter is an integrated suite of Product Lifecycle Management applications originally created by EDS PLM Solutions, a company which ultimately became Siemens PLM Software . Teamcenter s history dates to the mid 1980s, with technology and products from Control Data , SDRC and UGS Corp. UGS . ref http www.plm.automation.siemens.com en us Images 21848 tcm1023 100227.pdf CIMdata Teamcenter unified ref Most of the original functionality of Teamcenter came from previously branded products Teamcenter Enterprise was Metaphase Teamcenter Engineering was iMAN Teamcenter Project was Inovie Software TeamCenter Teamcenter Requirements was Slate Teamcenter Visualization was Viz Teamcenter Manufacturing was IMAN Teamcenter Integrator Teamcenter Community was e Viz ref http www.caddigest.com subjects nx select day eds.htm CADdigest ref In late 2006, Siemens PLM Software announced that the Teamcenter software portfolio had surpassed over 3 million licensed users. ref http www.tenlinks.com news Pr ugs 040307 3million.htm TenLinks.com UGS Surpasses 3 Million Teamcenter Licensed Users in 2006 April 3, 2007. ref Teamcenter components Community Collaboration Teamcenter Community is a web based collaboration utility that allows companies, suppliers, and customers to share information in a secure environment. Since Teamcenter Community is built on Windows SharePoint Services , there is a tight integration between Teamcenter Community, Microsoft Windows , and Microsoft Office . Teamcenter Community 2007 is based on SharePoint 2007. Compliance Management Teamcenter for Compliance Management includes Teamcenter for Environmental Compliance solution powered by EMARS Synapsis Technology , which helps companies meet environmental compliance requirements such as RoHS , WEEE , ELV , and Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals REACH . Engineering Process M ... more details
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