aptamer s of extremely high binding affinity to a variety of target ligands, including small ... pmc 2374838 Category Molecular biology Category Evolution de SELEX fr SELEX ... more details
Wiktionary Enrichment may mean Education . The process of adding nutrients to cereals or grain see food fortification . The process of adding sugar to grape must during winemaking in order to achieve a higher alcohol content of the wine, more commonly referred to as chaptalization . Behavioral enrichment , the practice of providing animals under managed care with stimuli such as natural and artificial objects. Environmental enrichment neural , how the brain is affected by the stimulation of its information processing provided by its surroundings The process of enhancing breathing gas for scuba diving e.g. in Nitrox Enriched Air Nitrox . Job enrichment , improving work processes and environments so they are more satisfying for employees. Nuclear enrichment , the process of increasing the Uranium 235 content of nuclear fuel in preparation for nuclear power plants or nuclear weapons. The United States Enrichment Corporation , a manufacturer of enriched uranium. Unjust enrichment , in civil law, a term for someone who has benefitted another party with the expectation of compensation, but who has not been justly compensated. The Enrichment Center Percussion Ensemble from the Enrichment Centre in Winston Salem NC The Living Enrichment Center , a church in Portland, Oregon. The notion of enriched category in mathematics. disambig fr Enrichissement ... more details
wiktionary exponential exponentially Exponential may refer to any of several mathematical topics related to exponentiation , including Exponential function , also Matrix exponential , the matrix analogue to the above Exponential decay , decrease at a rate proportional to value Exponential discounting , a specific form of the discount function, used in the analysis of choice over time Exponential growth , where the growth rate of a mathematical function is proportional to the function s current value Exponential map , in differential geometry Exponential notation , also known as scientific notation, or standard form Exponential object , in category theory Exponential time , in complexity theory in probability and statistics Exponential distribution , a family of continuous probability distributions Exponential family , sometimes used in place of exponential family Exponential smoothing , a technique that can be applied to time series data Function type Exponential type or function type, in type theory Topics listed at list of exponential topics Exponential may also refer to Exponential Technology , a vendor of PowerPC microprocessors disambiguation Category Mathematical disambiguation Category Exponentials ar eo Eksponento fr Exponentielle ... more details
the first one, Josi Puleo. ref Privileged Chiral Ligands and Catalysts Qi Lin Zhou 2011 ref File ... synthesis enantioselective transformations . The ligands carry chiral information and thus they are modifyied for individual substrates. Ligands can also influence the chemoselectivity of the catalyst. The Josiphos ligands, often called privileged ligand s, are importance because ... 2006 . Organometallics Third Edition. pp.518 519 ref Josiphos ligands were developed in the 1990 s by Antonio Togni in studies on Ferrocene ferrocenyl ligands previously discovered by T. Hayashi ... of the former Ciba now Novartis . Diphosphine ligands were prepared with secondary phosphines, they are today known as Josiphos ligands family, which gets the name after Josi Puleo, the technician ... product with 79 ee. File X final.png Figure 2 Xyliphos ligand The ligands are also used in non enantioselective reactions. They have been good ligands in Pd catalyzed reaction of Aryl chloride aryl chlorides ..., 2009, 131, 7858 ref A variety of Josiphos ligands are commercially available, under licence from Solvias ... enantioselectivities than the diastereomer R,R . ref Zhou Q.L, 2011 . Privileged Chiral Ligands ... Chiral Ligands and Catalyst. pp.93 127 ref ref 11 Whitesell, J.K Chem. Rev,. 1989, 89, 1581 ref ... A. Borner pp. 359 393 ref ref 10 Zhou Q.L, 2011 . Privileged Chiral Ligands and Catalyst. pp.93 127 ... value of 92.7 . ref name Zhou File C1 P1.png View of general conformation of a Josiphos ligands complex Figure 3 View of general conformation of a Josiphos ligands complex The general consensus ... Synthesis of Josiphos ligands The general approach for preparation of Josiphos ligands is outlined in figure 4. File Josiphos synth scheme.png Scheme for general synthesis of the Josiphos ligands Figure 4 Scheme for general synthesis of the Josiphos ligands ref 4 A.Togni, Chimia., 1996, 50, 86 ref An important ... of acetic acid as solvent gave better yields. Reactions using Josiphos ligands Some reactions that are accomplished ... more details
Smart ligands are affinity ligands selected with pre defined equilibrium math K d math , kinetic math k off math , math k on math and thermodynamic H, S parameters of biomolecular interaction. Ligands with desired parameters can be selected from large combinatorial libraries of biopolymers using instrumental separation techniques with well described kinetic behaviour, such as Kinetic capillary electrophoresis KCE , Surface Plasmon Resonance SPR , Microscale Thermophoresis MST ref name Baaske cite journal author Baaske P, Wienken CJ, Reineck P, Duhr S, Braun D title Optical Thermophoresis quantifies Buffer dependence of Aptamer Binding journal Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. volume 49 issue 12 pages 1 5 year 2010 month Feb pmid 20186894 pmc doi 10.1002 anie.200903998 url laysummary http www.physorg.com news186225693.html laysource Phsyorg.com ref ref name Wienken cite journal author Wienken CJ et al. title Protein binding assays in biological liquids using microscale thermophoresis journal Nature Communications year 2010 month Oct volume 1 doi 10.1038 ncomms1093 issue 7 url http www.nature.com ncomms journal v1 n7 full ncomms1093.html bibcode 2010NatCo...1E.100W pages 100 ref and etc. Known examples of smart ligands include DNA smart aptamers however, RNA and peptide smart aptamer s can also be developed. Smart ligands can find a set of unique applications in biomedical research, drug discovery and proteomic studies. For example, a panel of DNA smart aptamers has been recently used to develop affinity analysis of proteins with ultra wide dynamic range of measured concentrations. References Reflist cite journal author Drabovich AP, Berezovski MV, Musheev MU, Krylov SN title Selection of smart small molecule ligands the proof of principle journal Anal. Chem. volume 81 issue 1 pages 490 4 year 2009 month January pmid 19055427 doi 10.1021 ac8023813 cite journal author Drabovich A, Berezovski ... Extending Protein Detection Category Smart ligands Category Smart aptamers Category Aptamers Category ... more details
fullerenes, involving different transition metals and binding modes. Most of the fullerene ligands are based ... ligands review last1 Denisovich first1 L. I. last2 Peregudova first2 S. M. last3 Novikov first3 Yu ... , where one the Cp ligands is multiply substituted. Ruthenium can also behave in a very similar ... 7.png thumb Variety of differing binding with fullerene ligands to metals Binding can also occur ..., platinum is the most commonly used metal with these fullerene ligands. Palladium however ... to study these systems as well. These metals will tend to form complexes with the fullerene ligands ... Ir atom center, containing two fullerene ligands with multiple types of mixed binding. Rhodium ... fullerene ligands such as C sub 60 sub Rh sub 6 sub C sub 60 sub . Ruthenium is able to make five ..., having similar formulas to the Os, Ir, and Ru complexes. These however tend to use phosphine ligands ... act as bridging ligands. ref name ref 3 Synthesis The fullerene is added to the metal with a basic ... Fullerene ligands are of interest as catalyst s, ref name ref 9 cite journal journal Journal of Organometallic ... Fullerenes Category Ligands ... more details
Environmental enrichment can mean Behavioral enrichment , providing animals under managed care with environmental stimuli Environmental enrichment neural , how the brain is affected by the stimulation of its information processing provided by its surroundings disambig ... more details
ball provided as environmental enrichment. Behavioral enrichment or behavioural enrichment , also called environmental enrichment , is an animal husbandry principle that seeks to enhance the quality ... enrichment in zoos in Shepherdson, D.J., Mellen, J.D. and Hutchins, M. 1998 Second Nature Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals, 1st Edition, Smithsonian Institution Press, London, UK, pp. 1 12. ref The goal of environmental enrichment is to improve or maintain an animal s physical and psychological .... In principle, enrichment can be beneficial to any relatively intelligent animal, including mammal s, bird s, and even octopus es. ref cite web title Octopus enrichment program publisher Smithsonian ... Octopus accessdate 2006 06 11 ref Environmental enrichment may be offered to any animal in captivity ... . ref cite web url http www.2ndchance.info Enrichment.htm title Synopsis of the Environmental Enrichment ..., etc. Types of enrichment File Behavioral enrichment Feeding.JPG thumb alt Behavioral enrichment Feeding Behavioral enrichment Feeding File Behavioral enrichment Sensory.JPG thumb alt Behavioral enrichment Sensory Behavioral enrichment Sensory Any novel stimulus which evokes an animal s interest ... methods of preparing foods for example, frozen in ice . Most enrichment stimulus can be divided ... or other rewards are considered enrichment. Additionally food collecting and or gathering contributes to behavioral enrichment and provides occupation. Quite elaborate systems of food presentation dead ..., as well as stimuli that can be harmful to the animal. Enrichment can also be auditory which may ... method of behavioral enrichment, has often contributed to the animals well being as well as allowed ... designed with enrichment in mind. For example, the Denver Zoo s exhibit Predator Ridge allows different ... grouping and environmental enrichment are included under Section 3.81 in the Animal Welfare Regulations ... relating to behavioral needs and environmental enrichment are also incorporated into the standards ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 Enrichment Factor is used to describe bodies of mineral ore . It is defined as the minimum factor by which the weight percent of mineral in an orebody is greater than the average occurrence of that mineral in the Crust geology Earth s crust . It can be used to compare the necessary Isotope separation enrichment of different types of minerals for their recovery to be economically viable. Determining enrichment factors Enrichment Factors that relate to the economic viability of an orebody are largely determined by the following The value of the mineral the higher the value of the recovered mineral the more expensive the recovery process can be in order to obtain it this could include processing larger amounts of ore The level of the technology available to recover the mineral any advances in technology may allow ores with lower wt mineral to be exploited for the same cost The cost of refining the mineral once recovered this may require the bulk of the price demanded by the final product, so leaving little margin for the initial recovery of the mineral Other macro economic factors such as fuel price s if the mineral requires a large amount of transportation or energy prices if the recovery and refinement process is inherently energy intensive Other applications of enrichment factor The enrichment factor can also be used to talk about the level of radioactive isotopes in Uranium , or the level of minerals in soil. ref K. Loska, D. Wiechula, J. Pelczar, Application of Enrichment Factor to Assessment of Zinc Enrichment Depletion in Farming Soils , Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Volume 36, Issue 9 & 10 May 2005, pages 1117 1128 ref References Reflist Category Mining mining stub ... more details
Double exponential may refer to A double exponential function Double exponential time, a task with time complexity roughly proportional to such a function Double exponential distribution, which may refer to Laplace distribution , a bilateral exponential distribution Gumbel distribution , an iterated exponential distribution Double exponential integration, most commonly tanh sinh quadrature Double exponential smoothing mathdab ... more details
An enrichment culture is a Growth medium medium with specific and known qualities that favors the growth of a particular microorganism . The enrichment culture s environment will support the growth of a selected microorganism, while inhibiting the growth of others. Lourens Bass Becking succinctly summarized enrichment cultures abilities when he said everything is everywhere the environment selects. ref Cite document last Bass Becking first Lourens G.M. year 1934 location The Hague, the Netherlands publisher W.P. Van Stockum & Zoon title Geobiologie of inleiding tot de milieukunde volume issue pages postscript None ref The botanist Martinus Beijerinck is credited with developing the first enrichment cultures. ref cite journal last Beijerinck first Martinus W. year 1901 title Anhaufungsversuche mit Ureumbakterien journal Centralblatt f. Bakteriologie, II volume 7 issue pages 33 61 ref Sergei Winogradsky also experimented on bacteria using different cultures. ref cite journal last Winogradsky first Sergei year 1890 title Sur les organismes de la nitrification journal Comptes rendus de l Acad mie des sciences volume 110 issue pages 1013 1016 ref Examples High salt concentration will select for halophile s. High temperatures will select for thermophile s. See also Microbiological culture Auxanography References reflist Category Microbiology Microbiology stub uk ja ... more details
Unjust enrichment is a legal term denoting a particular type of Causality causative event in which one ... http definitions.uslegal.com u unjust enrichment USLegal definitions ref 2 . n. A general equitable ... and retained. ref http legal dictionary.thefreedictionary.com unjust enrichment The Free Dictionary ... the principle of unjust enrichment is wholly independent of liability for wrongdoing. Claims in unjust enrichment do not depend upon proof of any wrong. However, it is possible that on a single set of facts a claim based on unjust enrichment and a claim based on a wrong may both be available. A claim based on unjust enrichment always results in an obligation to make restitution . A claim based ... . At common law, a claim based on unjust enrichment can be submitted to five stages of analysis. These can be summarized in the form of the following questions Was the defendant enriched? Was the enrichment at the expense of the claimant? Was the enrichment unjust? Does the defendant have a defense? What remedies are available to the claimant? Was the enrichment unjust? There are two established ... are comprised by transnational law http www.trans lex.org 959000 Circumstances in which an enrichment ... of factors recognized by the law as rendering the defendant s enrichment unjust. English law clearly ... up front for B to clean his house. A pays the money. B s enrichment has a legitimate explanatory basis .... B s enrichment no longer has a legitimate explanatory basis so B must repay the 150 to A. Notice that in the example ... law of the courts giving a proprietary remedy in an unjust enrichment claim. However, some commentators maintain that, in English law, unjust enrichment only ever triggers a personal remedy. There are several ... in response to unjust enrichment. The opposing view, whose principal proponents have been Peter Birks and Robert Chambers, argues the contrary, that resulting trusts arise in response to unjust enrichment ... . United States The Restatement Third of Restitution and Unjust Enrichment states that Unjust enrichment ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 Microsatellite enrichment is a method in molecular biology used for enriching the amount of Microsatellite genetics microsatellite sequences in a DNA sample. This can be achieved by designing oligonucleotide probes that hybridize with the repeats in the microsatellites and then pull out the probe microsatellite complexes from the solution. ref cite journal author Kaukinen KH, Supernault KJ, and Miller KM year 2004 title Enrichment of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from invertebrate species journal Journal of Shellfish Research volume 23 issue 2 page 621 ref This has been shown to be a cost effective method to sample the genetic diversity in non model organisms. ref name pmid21676207 cite journal last Jennings first TN coauthors Knaus, BJ, Mullins, TD, Haig, SM, Cronn, RC title Multiplexed microsatellite recovery using massively parallel sequencing. journal Molecular ecology resources date 2011 06 16 pmid 21676207 ref References Reflist Category Molecular biology techniques ... more details
No footnotes article date February 2008 Job enrichment is an attempt to motivation motivate employees by giving them the opportunity to use the range of their abilities. It is an idea that was developed by the American psychologist Frederick Herzberg in the 1950s. It can be contrasted to job enlargement which simply increases the number of tasks without changing the challenge. As such job enrichment has been described as vertical loading of a job, while job enlargement is horizontal loading . An enriched job should ideally contain A range of tasks and challenges of varying difficulties Physical or Mental A complete unit of work a meaningful task Feedback, encouragement and communication Techniques Job enrichment, as a managerial activity includes a three steps technique Citation needed date January 2008 1. Turn employees effort into performance Ensuring that objectives are well defined and understood by everyone. The overall corporate mission statement should be communicated to all. Individual s goals should also be clear. Each employee should know exactly how he she fits into the overall process and be aware of how important their contributions are to the organization and its customers. Providing adequate resources for each employee to perform well. This includes support functions like information technology, communication technology, and personnel training and development. Creating a supportive corporate culture. This includes peer support networks, supportive management, and removing elements that foster mistrust and politicking. Free flow of information. Eliminate secrecy. Provide enough freedom to facilitate job excellence. Encourage and reward employee initiative. Flextime or compressed hours could be offered. Provide adequate recognition, appreciation, and other motivators. Provide skill improvement opportunities. This could include paid education at universities ... Interventions jobdesign 1.htm Job Enrichment , Online paper. See also Job enlargement Socio technical ... more details
The paradox of enrichment is a term from population ecology coined by Michael Rosenzweig in 1971. He described an effect in six Predator prey equations predator prey models wherein increasing the food available to the prey caused the predator s population to destabilize. A common example is that if the food supply of a prey such as a rabbit is overabundant, its population will grow unbounded and cause the predator population such as a lynx to grow unsustainably large. This may result in a crash in the population of the predators and possibly lead to local eradication or even species extinction. The term paradox has been used since then to describe this effect in slightly conflicting ways. The original sense was one of irony that by attempting to increase carrying capacity in an ecosystem, one could fatally imbalance it. Since then, some authors have used the word to describe the difference between modelled and real predator prey interactions. Rosenzweig s result Rosenzweig 1971 Rosenzweig used ordinary differential equation models to simulate the prey population. Models only represented prey populations. Enrichment was taken to be increasing the prey carrying capacity and showing that the prey population destabilized, usually into a limit cycle . The cycling behavior after destabilization ... 1972 . Model and Exception Many studies have been done on the paradox of enrichment since Rosenzweig ... by Roy and Chattopadhyay in 2007. Cases where the paradox of enrichment may not apply include ... be a stabilising effect heterogeneous environment the model for enrichment follows an assumption ... to give periodicity Link with the Hopf bifurcation The paradox of enrichment can be accounted for by the bifurcation ... 900 902. Rosenzweig, Michael. 1971. The Paradox of Enrichment Science Vol. 171 pp. 385 387 ... J Chattopadhyay title The stability of ecosystems A brief overview of the paradox of enrichment journal ... b6443327545345g1 DEFAULTSORT Paradox Of Enrichment Category Mathematical and theoretical biology Category ... more details
File Exponential.svg thumb 300px right The graph illustrates how exponential growth green surpasses both linear red and cubic blue growth. legend green Exponential growth legend red Linear growth legend blue Cubic growth Exponential growth including exponential decay when the growth rate is negative ... progression . The formula for exponential growth of a variable x at the positive or negative growth ... to be 1.05 times i.e., 5 larger than what it was at the previous time. The exponential growth model ... of exponential responses the loudness and frequency of sound are perceived logarithmically ... increase, rather than an exponential increase. This has survival value . Generally it is important ... exponential growth of electrons and ions may rapidly lead to complete dielectric breakdown of the material .... Due to the exponential rate of increase, at any point in the chain reaction 99 of the energy will have ... amplification can result in the exponential growth of the amplified signal, although resonance ... results whose best fit line are exponential decay curves. Economics Economic growth is expressed in percentage terms, implying exponential growth. For example, U.S. GDP per capita has grown at an exponential rate of approximately two percent per year for two centuries. Multi level marketing . Exponential ... exponential growth of the capital. See also rule of 72 . Pyramid scheme s or Ponzi scheme s also ... also Moore s law and technological singularity under exponential growth, there are no singularities. The singularity here is a metaphor. . In computational complexity theory , computer algorithms of exponential ... with an exponential algorithm . Also, the effects of Moore s Law do not help the situation much because ... for x to increase by a factor of b math x t tau x t cdot b , . math If 0 and b 1, then x has exponential growth. If 0 and b 1, or 0 and 0 b 1, then x has exponential decay . Example If a species ... positive number b . Thus the law of exponential growth can be written in different ... more details
Systematic trading is a way of defining trade goals, risk controls and rules that can execute trade orders in a methodical way ref http www.managedfuturestodaymag.com systematic trading systematic risk control Managed Futures Today, Systematic Trading, Systematic Risk Control ref . Other authors characterizes Systematic Trading with the usage of computer models, mainly based on technical analysis of market ... ref http www.morningstar.com InvGlossary systematic trading definition what is.aspx www.morningstar.com ... a computer and a systematic trading system in which rules are programmed. Systematic traders employ technology to capture profit opportunities. The opposite is discretionary trading. Compared to systematic ... and a limited risk control ref http www.adaptrade.com Articles article sys rr.htm Systematic ... known algorithm s. Quantitative trading includes all those kind of trading systematic, discretionary ... of systematic approach would be 1. Identify, using Fundamental analysis , which stocks and futures ... to optimize the P&L, controlling continuously the risks. Elements of Systematic Trading Following ... 978 0 470 56376 2 ref , who describes a specific HFT system, a more general systematic trading system ... containing execution trading algorithms, like TWAP , VWAP ... Backtesting The key point in systematic ... access to trading data. Systematic trading and risk management Systematic trading should take into account the importance of a risk management, using a systematic approach to quantify risk, consistent limits and techniques to define how to close too risky positions. Systematic trading, in fact, lends ... cite web title Managed Futures Today, Systematic Trading, Systematic Risk Control url http www.managedfuturestodaymag.com systematic trading systematic risk control ref . Several tools currently exist ... living together A systematic trading approach should be able to take benefit from the existence of several .... Tools for systematic trading http kx.com kdb .php KDB database system http www.opengamma.com Open source ... more details
context date March 2011 Systematic philosophy is a generic term that applies to Philosophy philosophical methods and approaches that attempt to provide a framework in reason that can explain all questions and problems related to human life . Examples of systematic philosophers include Plato , Aristotle , Descartes , Spinoza , Hegel , and Ayn Rand . In a meaningful sense, all of western philosophy from Plato to the modern schools of theoretical metaphysics . In many ways, any attempts to formulate a philosophical method that provides the ultimate constituents of reality, a metaphysics, can be considered systematic philosophy. In modern philosophy the reaction to systematic philosophy began with Kierkegaard and continued in various forms through Analytic philosophy , Existentialism , Hermeneutics , and Deconstructionism . External links The Ammonius Foundation http www.ammonius.org mission.php Category Philosophical methodology ... more details
This article is about the journal. See systematics for the scientific discipline. Infobox Journal title Systematic Biology formernames Systematic Zoology cover File Systematic biology cover.gif editor Jack Sullivan discipline Systematics abbreviation Syst. Biol. publisher Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists country United States frequency Bimonthly history 1952 present openaccess After 1 year impact 7.833 impact year 2008 website http sysbio.oxfordjournals.org link1 http sysbio.oxfordjournals.org current.dtl link1 name Online access link2 http sysbio.oxfordjournals.org archive link2 name Online archive RSS http sysbio.oxfordjournals.org rss current.xml atom JSTOR OCLC 34872116 LCCN 92641595 CODEN ISSN 1063 5157 eISSN 1076 836X Systematic Biology is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal covering the field of systematics . It was established in 1952 as Systematic Zoology and obtained its current title in 1992. External links Official http sysbio.oxfordjournals.org DEFAULTSORT SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY Sci journal stub Category Biology journals Category Bimonthly journals Category English language journals Category Oxford University Press academic journals Category Publications established in 1952 ... more details
A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance , out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature . br A semisystematic name or semitrivial name is a name that has at least one systematic part and at least one trivial name trivial part. ref Stedman s Medical Dictionary http www.mondofacto.com facts dictionary?semisystematic name semisystematic name ref ref GoldBookRef title semisystematic name semitrivial name file S05601 ref Creating systematic names can be as simple as assigning a prefix or a number to each object in which case they are a type of numbering scheme , or as complex as encoding the complete structure of the object in the name. Many systems combine some information about the named object with an extra sequence number to make it into a unique identifier . Systematic names often co exist with earlier common names assigned before the creation of any systematic naming system. For example, many common chemicals are still referred to by their common or trivial names, even by chemists. In chemistry In chemistry, a systematic name describes the chemical structure of a chemical substance substance , thus giving some information about its chemical properties. br For IUPAC nomenclature , the Gold Book gives the definition br A name composed wholly of specially coined or selected syllables, with or without numerical prefixes e.g. pentane, oxazole. ref GoldBookRef title systematic name file S06236 ref Here, trivial names can be systematic names or part of it, as they have ... which is trihydroxypropane . Examples There are standardized systematic or semi systematic names for Systematic element name chemical elements following IUPAC guidelines IUPAC nomenclature chemical ... International scientific vocabulary List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic ... Systematic Name Category Naming conventions cs Systematick n zev la Nomen systematicum ja ... more details
Systematic errors are bias es in measurement which lead to the situation where the mean of many separate ... are prone to systematic errors, often of several different types. Sources of systematic error may ... error is an example of systematic error in instrumentation. Systematic errors may also be present ... movement of the support is not accounted for. Systematic errors can be either constant, or be related ..., they can change sign. For instance, if a thermometer is affected by a proportional systematic ... 100 , the measured temperature will be 204 systematic error 4 , 0 null systematic error or &minus 102 systematic error &minus 2 , respectively. Thus, the temperature will be overestimated when it will be above zero, and underestimated when it will be below zero. Constant systematic errors are very ... to remove systematic error is through calibration of the measurement instrument. In a statistics statistical context, the term systematic error usually arises where the sizes and directions of possible errors are unknown. Drift Systematic errors which change during an experiment drift are easier ... quantity . If the zero reading is consistently above or below zero, a systematic error is present ... of repeated measurements is evident, the presence of fixed systematic errors can only be found if the measurements ... the mean. A systematic error is present if the stopwatch is checked against the speaking clock of the telephone ... such as ammeter s and voltmeter s need to be checked periodically against known standards. Systematic ... to measure the wavelength of any other spectral line. Systematic versus random error Measurement errors can be divided into two components random error and systematic error. ref name Taylor cite book ... measurements, and reduced by averaging multiple measurements. Systematic error cannot be discovered this way because it always pushes the results in the same direction. If the cause of a systematic error ... n , it is worth repeating an experiment until random errors are similar in size to systematic errors ... more details
otheruses4 polynomials in variables and exponential functions the polynomials involving Stirling numbers Touchard polynomials In mathematics , exponential polynomials are functions on Field mathematics ... and an exponential function . Definition In fields There is no single definition of what an exponential ... kind of exponential function E x . In the complex numbers there is already a canonical exponential ... exponential polynomial is often used to mean polynomials of the form P x , e sup x sup where P C x , y is a polynomial in two variables. ref C. J. Moreno, The zeros of exponential polynomials ... particularly special about C here, exponential polynomials may also refer to such a polynomial on any exponential field or exponential ring with its exponential function taking the place of e sup ... to have one variable, and an exponential polynomial in n variables would be of the form ... in 2 n variables. In abelian groups A more general framework where the term exponential polynomial may be found is that of exponential functions on abelian groups. Similarly to how exponential functions on exponential fields are defined, given a topological abelian group G a homomorphism ... to the multiplicative group of nonzero complex numbers is called an exponential function, or simply an exponential. A product of additive functions and exponentials is called an exponential monomial, and a linear combination of these is then an exponential polynomial on G . ref L szl Sz kelyhidi ... ref P. G. Laird, On characterizations of exponential polynomials , Pacific Journal of Mathematics 80 1979 , pp.503&ndash 507. ref Uses Exponential polynomials on R and C often appear in transcendence theory , where they appear as auxiliary function s in proofs involving the exponential function. They also act as a link between model theory and analytic geometry . If one defines an exponential variety to be the set of points in R sup n sup where some finite collection of exponential polynomials ... more details
Unreferenced stub date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Systematic faults are often a result of an error in the specification of the equipment and therefore affect all examples of that type. Such Fault technology faults can remain undetected for years, until conditions conduce to create the failure . Given the same circumstances, each and every example of the equipment would fail identically at that time. See also Asymmetric fault Software bug br DEFAULTSORT Systematic Fault Category Computer errors Category Fault tolerance Tech stub ... more details
Infobox journal title Systematic Entomology cover File Systematic Entomology cover.jpg publisher Wiley Blackwell on behalf of the Royal Entomological Society of London country United Kingdom editor Peter S. Cranston and Lars Vilhelmsen ISSN 0307 6970 eISSN 1365 3113 frequency Quarterly discipline Entomology abbreviation Syst. Entomol. impact factor 2.467 former names Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B Taxonomy Journal of Entomology, Series B Taxonomy website http www.royensoc.co.uk publications Systematic Entomology.htm history 1932 present Systematic Entomology is a scientific journal covering the field of systematics systematic entomology , published by the Royal Entomological Society of London . Having begun in 1932 as Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B Taxonomy , the title was changed to Journal of Entomology, Series B Taxonomy in 1971, starting with volume 40. After volume 44 in 1976, the journal became Systematic Entomology , starting again with volume 1. ref cite web url http onlinelibrary.wiley.com journal 10.1111 28ISSN 291365 3113 title Systematic Entomology publisher Wiley Blackwell accessdate February 24, 2011 ref In 2010, it was ranked sixth among entomological journals in terms of impact factor . ref cite web url http sciencewatch.com dr sci 10 jul18 10 1 title Journals Ranked by Impact Entomology date July 18, 2010 accessdate February 24, 2011 ref It is indexed in the following bibliographic database s ref cite web url http www.wiley.com bw aims.asp?ref 0307 6970&site 1 title Systematic Entomology publisher Wiley Blackwell accessdate February 24, 2011 ref Academic Search AGRICOLA Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Elsevier BIOBASE BIOBASE Biological Abstracts BIOSIS Previews CAB Direct database CAB Direct CSA Biological Sciences Database CSA Environmental Sciences & Pollution Management Database Current Contents Embiology IBIDS InfoTrac Journal Citation Reports Science Citation Index ... more details
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