by the modern reader that historically, measurementsystems were perfectly adequate within their own ... took the first significant and radical step down that road. In antiquity, systems of measurement ... systems of measurement in some or all contexts, such as the United Kingdom where for example its road ... thumb 175px A baby bottle that measures in three measurementsystems imperial ... of the imperial and US customary measurementsystems differences between them . Units of length ... established by the International Organization for Standardization IOS . Historical systems of measurement Main History of measurement Throughout history, many official systems of measurement have been ... systems in India Chinese units of measurement Chinese Hindu units of measurement Hindu Japanese ... of measurement SI units navbox Category Systems of units Category Middle Ages Category Measurement ...A system of measurement is a set of units which can be used to specify anything which can be measurement ... inter related or self consistent. History main History of measurement blockquote Although we might suggest that the Egyptians had discovered the art of measurement, it is only with the Greeks that the science of measurement begins to appear. The Greek s knowledge of geometry, and their early experimentation with weights and measures, soon began to place their measurement system on a more scientific ... spread around the world, replacing most customary units of measure. In most systems, length distance ... of mass for weight , as a better more basic parameter . Some systems have changed to recognize ... of the rigor characteristic of Classical mechanics Newtonian physics . Moreover, changing a measurement ... basis of measurement. As people increasingly appreciated these needs and the difficulties of converting between numerous national customary systems became more widely recognised there was an obvious ... and other recent systems, a single basic unit is used for each fundamental quantity. Often secondary ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 unreferenced January 2008 orphan January 2008 Cameron MeasurementSystems formerly NuFlo MeasurementSystems , is a division of Cameron company Cameron , which designs, manufactures and distributes measurement, quality, and control instrumentation for the global oil & gas and process control industries. History The division was first established in 2003 as NuFlo MeasurementSystems, which was itself the result of merger of three measurement companies Barton Instrument Systems, Halliburton MeasurementSystems and PMC Global Industries. Two strategic acquisitions made by the newly formed division included Caldon Inc. and Jiskoot Ltd. Caldon is a supplier of ultrasonic metering solutions and Jiskoot manufactures sampling and blending systems for oil and gas applications. These two business units are at the core of the division s push to establish itself in fiscal and custody transfer applications such as LNG storage, ship loading & unloading and FPSOs. Other acquisitions include PRIME Measurement Products, North Star Flow Products and the technologies of Polartek 2000 Ltd. and Sentech AS. Cameron s MeasurementSystems division is in five key product and or capability sectors including DPU products, turbine meters and totalizers and sampling and blending. The division is also raising the bar for ultrasonic flow metering and electronic flow measurement. MeasurementSystems division Brands Barton NuFlo Clif Mock Caldon Jiskoot Sub Brands True Cut Scanner MVX CoJetix References reflist Category Instrument making corporations ... more details
defects. A MeasurementSystems Analysis evaluates the test method , measuring instrument s, and the entire ... that affects the assignment of a number to a measurement characteristic. A MeasurementSystems Analysis considers the following Selecting the correct measurement and approach Assessing the measuring device Assessing procedures and operators Assessing any measurement interactions Calculating the measurement uncertainty of individual measurement devices and or measurementsystems Common tools and techniques of MeasurementSystems Analysis include calibration studies, fixed effect ANOVA, components .... The tool selected is usually determined by characteristics of the measurement system itself. Factors affecting measurementsystems Factors might include Equipment measuring instrument , calibration ... of measurement variation. ASTM ASTM has several procedures for evaluating measurementsystems ... for MeasurementSystems Analysis MSA ASME ASME has several procedures and reports targeted at task ... Measurement Uncertainty Determining Conformance to Specifications B89.7.3.2 2007 Guidelines for the Evaluation of Dimensional Measurement Uncertainty Technical Report B89.7.3.3 2002 Guidelines for Assessing the Reliability of Dimensional Measurement Uncertainty Statements Auto industry The MeasurementSystems Analysis process is defined in a number of published documents including the AIAG s MSA MeasurementSystems Analysis Manual, which is part of a series of inter related documents the AIAG ... process control SPC Manual The MSA MeasurementSystems Analysis Manual The Production Part Approval Process PPAP Manual Goals of MSA Measurement uncertainty Accuracy and precision Bias Stability ...no footnotes date November 2011 A Measurement System Analysis MSA is a specially designed experiment that seeks to identify the components of variation in the measurement. Just as processes that produce ... analysis and to understand the implications of measurement error for decisions made about a product ... more details
is now Pratt & Whitney MeasurementSystems , located in Bloomfield, Connecticut . However, for many ... MeasurementSystems website Category Bloomfield, Connecticut Category Companies based in Hartford ...For the aerospace engine manufacturer Pratt & Whitney Infobox Company company name Pratt & Whitney MeasurementSystems company logo Image PrattAndWhitneyLogo.png 200px Original Pratt & Whitney logo company type predecessor Pratt & Whitney Company foundation 1860 location Originally Hartford, Connecticut now Bloomfield, Connecticut key people Francis A. Pratt , Amos Whitney industry Machine tool s, machinery , metrology systems products Measuring instrument Instruments and systems parent divisions homepage http www.prattandwhitney.com www.prattandwhitney.com Image Thurston 1876 Reports p221.png thumb A view of the Pratt & Whitney display at the Vienna 1873 World Exhibition Weltausstellung 1873 Wien . Pratt & Whitney MeasurementSystems is a multinational corporation that specializes in producing high precision measuring instruments and systems. History The Pratt & Whitney Company was founded in 1860 by Francis A. Pratt and Amos Whitney , with headquarters in Hartford, Connecticut . The company manufactured machine tool s, tools for the makers of sewing machine s, and gun making machinery for use by the Union Army during the American Civil War . ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 1384479 Francis Ashbury Pratt Francis Pratt , Britannica.com ref ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 1388610 Amos Whitney Amos Whitney , Britannica.com ref In 1925, Frederick Rentschler approached Pratt & Whitney for funding and a location to build his new aircraft engine. ref http www.h net.org business bhcweb publications BEHprint v027n1 p0162 p0172.pdf Engineering Success Pratt & Whitney Aircraft , Bayla Singer ref Pratt & Whitney loaned him 250,000, the use of the Pratt & Whitney name, and space in their building. This was the beginning of the Pratt & Whitney Pratt & Whitney Aircraft ... more details
Allchin outlines the details of the measurementsystems of the Maurya state Quotation2 The Arthashastra ... measurement and measurement for construction. ref name Baber b Baber, 23 ref Uniform units of length ... numeral system binary and decimal systems. Eighty three percent of the weights which were ... name Sharma&Bhardwaj 320 Some sources that mention various units of measurement are Satapatha Brahmana ... length span and the cubit , and ending with the rod danda or bow dhanus of around 180 cm and above this measurement ... connotation. Equal attention is given to the measurement of time, based on the device named ... standardization in the empire s weight and measure system. ref name Richard84 The Mughal measurement ... England British units of measurement were adopted in India as first the East India Company and later ... one of the most complex and archaic systems, we follow different sets of measuring units and systems ... also Hindu units of measurement Citations reflist Bibliography Allchin, F.R. 1995 , The Mauryan State ... 2007 , A Measure of All Things The Story of Man and Measurement , Macmillan, ISBN 978 0 312 37026 8. Systems of measurement science in India Category Social history of India Category Social history of Pakistan Category Systems of units India Category History of science and technology in India Category ... more details
History of measurement Imperial units width 20px valign top Metric system Metrication SI Systems of measurement width 20px valign top United States customary units Weights and measures Winchester measure DEFAULTSORT Comparison Of The Imperial And US Customary MeasurementSystems Category Systems of units Category Imperial units Category Customary units in the United States Category Comparisons Measurementsystems ast Sistema Anglosax n d Unidaes be be x old ... fluid ounces and a fluid scruple is included. These differences come from the various systems ... are used in the measurement of liquids, the bushel and its subdivisions in the measurement ... used three different weight systems. There was troy weight for precious metals and avoirdupois ... are still legal in the United States, although no longer widely used. In all the systems ... systems, 20 hundredweights make a ton . In the US, the terms long ton gaps 2 240 lb, gaps 1 ... Comparison of the Imperial and US customary systems sk Angloamerick s stava mier fi Brittil inen ... more details
the National Physical Laboratory of India . Units and systems Main Units of measurementSystems of measurement Image MetricImperialUSCustomaryUnits.jpg thumb 200px A baby bottle that measures in all three Units of measurementmeasurementsystems , Imperial unit Imperial U.K. , United States customary ... Caribbean countries. These various systems of measurement have at times been called foot pound second systems after the Imperial units for length, weight and time even though the tons, hundredweights ... Number sense Orders of magnitude Psychometrics Standard metrology Statistics Systems of measurement .... The linked page has the official link to the updated resource. systems of measurement Category ...For bust waist hip measurement BWH File Measuring Tape Inch CM.jpg 300px thumb right A typical tape measure ... pennies for comparison Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical quantity , such as a length, time, temperature etc., to a unit of measurement , such as the meter, second or degree Celsius. The science of measurement is called metrology . The English word measurement ... fundamental quantum constants, units of measurement are essentially arbitrary in other words ... of human history, however, first for convenience and then for necessity, standards of measurement evolved so that communities would have certain common benchmarks. Law s regulating measurement were originally developed to prevent fraud in commerce. Today, units of measurement are generally ... s were widely adopted around the world, the British systems of English unit s and later imperial units ... of the metric system Introduction to the metric system The metric system is a decimal systems of measurement based on its units for length, the metre and for mass, the kilogram . It exists in several variations, with different choices of Units of measurement Base and derived units base units ... system in 1966 and the units used for measurement of length are metres m and millimetres mm . Centimetres ... more details
File IBA Crosstalk weighting curve.svg 400px right Crosstalk measurement is made on audio systems to determine the amount of signal leaking across from one channel to another. Interchannel crosstalk applies between the two channels of a stereo system, and is usually not very important on modern systems, though it was hard to keep below the desired figure of 30dB or so on vinyl record ings and FM radio . Crosstalk between channels in mixing consoles, and between studio feeds is much more of a problem, as these are likely to be carrying very different programmes or material. The IBA drew up a weighting curve for use in crosstalk measurement that gives due emphasis to the subjective audibility of different frequencies, as shown here. This is still in use, despite the demise of the IBA, and in the absence of any international standards is worth adopting. See also Audio quality measurement Noise measurement Rumble measurement Headroom audio signal processing Headroom Wow & flutter measurement ITU R 468 noise weighting A weighting Weighting filter Equal loudness contour Fletcher Munson curves Sound tech stub DEFAULTSORT Crosstalk Measurement Category Audio engineering Category Broadcast engineering Category Noise Category Sound measurements ... more details
orphan date November 2011 Work measurement is the application of techniques designed to establish the time for an average worker to carry out a specified manufacturing task at a defined level of performance ref Groover, M. P. 2007 . Work Systems The Methods, Measurement & Management of Work , Prentice Hall, ISBN 9780131406506 ref . It is concerned with the length of time it takes to complete a work task assigned to a specific job. Usage Work measurement helps to uncover non standardization that exist in the workplace and non value adding activities and waste. A work has to be measured for the following reasons To discover and eliminate lost or ineffective time. To establish standard times for performance measurement. To measure performance against realistic expectations. To set operating goals and objectives. Techniques of Work Measurement time study Predetermined motion time system Predetermined motion time systems Standard Data Work sampling Uses of Work Measurement To compare the efficiency of alternative methods. Other conditions being equal, the method which takes the least time will be the best method. To balance the work of members of teams, in association with the multiple activity charts, so that, as far as possible, each member has tasks taking an equal time. To determine, in association with man and machine multiple activity charts, the number of machines a worker can run. References Reflist Category Industrial engineering ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Advert date March 2009 Infobox Software name Measurement Studio logo Image MStudio.JPG right 300px Mstudio logo. screenshot caption developer National Instruments latest release version 8.5 latest release date May 2008 operating system http digital.natinst.com public.nsf CXIV ATTACH AEEE 7EWM9W FILE ReadmeVS2008.html Vista XP genre Data acquisition Data Acquisition , Instrument control Instrument Control , Test automation Test Automation , Signal processing Analysis and Signal Processing , Industrial Control Systems Industrial Control , Embedded Embedded Design license Proprietary software Proprietary website http www.ni.com mstudio History Measurement Studio was introduced in February 2000 by National Instruments in order to combine its text based programming tools, specifically LabWindows CVI , Component Works , Component Works. Measurement studio 7.0 adopted support ... into Visual Studio . As of Measurement Studio 8.0.1, support for Visual Studio 2005 and .NET ... Measurement Studio provides support for multiple versions of Visual studio including 2008, 2005, .NET 2003 and 6.0. ref http cnx.org content m14741 latest What is Measurement Studio? ref Benefits Advert date March 2009 Measurement Studio is a set of test and measurement class libraries, tools ... save program development time. Measurement Studio includes a variety of examples, to illustrate ... applications can be accessed. Measurement Studio ties the creation of user interfaces based on UI in visual ... controls, and obtain data through indicators. Measurement Studio includes a suite of analysis ... cda tut p id 4807 NI.com What is Measurement Studio? ref Using the power of Visual Studio users can build an installer that allows their code to run on computers that do not have Measurement Studio installed ... labview Labview ref which offers many of the test, measurement and control capabilities of Measurement ... Reflist Category Computer networking es Measurement Studio fr Measurement Studio ... more details
unreferenced date September 2011 Noise measurement is carried out in various fields. In acoustics , it can be for the purpose of measuring environmental noise , or part of a test procedure using white noise , or some other specialised form of test signal . In electronics it relates to the sensitivity of communications systems, the purity of signals, or the quality of audio systems . The concept is to define the noise level below which signals cannot reliably be detected. It can be thought of as uncertainty of the information being carried over a communications channel . In audio systems and broadcasting specific methods are used to obtain subjectively valid results in order that different devices and signal paths may be compared regardless of the differing spectral distribution and temporal properties of the noise that they generate. In particular, the ITU R 468 noise weighting was devised specifically for this purpose, and is widely used for professional audio and broadcast measurements. Standards There are a number of standards for noise measurement, each with a different goal or focus, including Standard ITU R BS 468 widely used in Broadcasting and professional Audio. Standard IEC A weighting is widely used in Environmental Noise measurement. Standard CCIR recommendation 468 4 is now maintained as ITU R BS 468 Standard CCITT 0.41 refers to Psophometric weighting used on telephone circuits. Standard CCITT P53 is now continued as CCITT0.41 Standard BS 6402 1983 specifies Personal sound exposure meters. Standard BS 3539 1968 specifies Sound level meter s for motor vehicle noise. Standard BSEN 60651 supersedes BS 5969 1981 Sound level meter s See also Audio quality measurement Rumble measurement Noise dosimeter Noise environmental Noise economic Noise music Noise pollution ITU R 468 noise weighting A weighting Weighting filter Equal loudness contour Cosmic microwave background radiation External links http noboomers.home.insightbb.com default.htm Noboomers Noise Category ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Land measurement is the general concept describing the application and theory of measurement of landform land . Land measurement is an integral quantitative element of Surveying . DEFAULTSORT Land Measurement Category Measurement Cartography stub Measurement stub id Pengukuran tanah ... more details
0105101 ref This was the original reason that Aharonov et al developed weak measurement. Since a strong perturbative measurement can both upset the outcome of the post selection and tamper with all subsequent measurement, weak nonperturbative measurements may be used to learn about such systems during ...POV check date November 2010 Weak measurements are a type of quantum measurement , where the measured system is very weakly coupled to the measuring device. After the measurement the measuring device pointer ... the measurement would point at the weak value after the measurement. The system is not disturbed by the measurement. Although this may seem to contradict some basic aspects of quantum theory, the formalism ..., D.Z. Albert, L. Vaidman, How the result of a measurement of a component of the spin of a spin ... v60 i14 p1351 1 ref is especially useful for gaining information about pre and post selected systems ... 319&firstpage 787&resourcetype HWCIT ref Note that the theory of weak measurement allows Hardy s paradox ..., Experimental Joint Weak Measurement on a Photon Pair as a Probe of Hardy s Paradox , Phys. Rev. Lett ... measurement of the locations of entangled pairs of photons. ref http www.perimeterinstitute.ca News ... Joint Weak Measurement on a Photon Pair as a Probe of Hardy s Paradox , Physical Review Letters, vol ... reported in December, 2008, and published in March, 2009, that they were able to use joint weak measurement ... s paradox by joint weak measurement with an entangled photon pair , New J. Phys. 11 , 033011 2009 ... proposed a weak values measurement of the velocity of a quantum particle at a precise position ... M. Steinberg Observing the trajectories of a single photon using weak measurement, 19th Australian ... measurement of the quantum wavefunction , Nature vol. 474, pp. 188 191, 9. June 2011 ..., pp. 690 693, doi 10.1126 science.333.6043.690 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Weak Measurement Category Quantum mechanics Category Quantum information science Category Quantum measurement fr Mesure ... more details
In metrology , measurement uncertainty is a non negative parameter characterizing the Statistical dispersion .... Fractional uncertainty is the measurement uncertainty divided by the measured value. Codex has guidelines on Measurement Uncertainty, CAC GL 54 2004. Background The purpose of measurement is to provide ..., or the mass concentration chemistry mass concentration of lead in a flask of water. No measurement is exact. When a quantity is measured, the outcome depends on the measuring system, the measurement ... cgi bin download.pl?area npl publications&path name npl web pdf mgpg11.pdf Bell, S. Measurement Good Practice Guide No. 11. A Beginner s Guide to Uncertainty of Measurement. Tech. rep., National Physical ... of the measured values would relate to how well the measurement is made. Their average would ... types of measurement error, systematic error and random error . A systematic error an estimate of which is known as a measurement bias is associated with the fact that a measured value contains an offset ... that when a measurement is repeated it will generally provide a measured value that is different ... to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement GUM ref name GUM http www.bipm.org utils common documents jcgm JCGM 100 2008 E.pdf JCGM 100 2008. Evaluation of measurement data Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology. ref is a document published by the Measurement uncertainty Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology JCGM that establishes general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement. ref Kent J. Gregory, Giovani Bibbo, and John E. Pattison 2005 , A Standard Approach to Measurement Uncertainties for Scientists and Engineers ... provides a way to express the perceived quality of the result of a measurement. Rather than express ... of a measurement as an estimate of the measurand along with an associated measurement uncertainty. One of the basic premises of the GUM approach is that it is possible to characterize the quality of a measurement ... more details
New digital technologies have complicated in home measurementsystems, such as the DVR and are incompatible ... 2010 Audience measurement measures how many people are in an audience , usually in relation to radio ... Opinion and Statistics IBOPE was the first realtime service for audience measurement of the world, it started in S o Paulo in 1988. countries. Electronic The audience measurement of U.S. television ... factor of audience measurement for national network television. ref cite book last Lotz first Amanda .... The LPM marked the shift from active, diary based local measurement to more passive, meter monitored measurement of local markets. Technologically, the LPM is very similar to the original Nielsen ... has brought about concern within the industry, new ways of measurement are becoming readily ... by Amanda D. Lotz, one of the most challenging aspects of audience measurement during the multi channel transition resulted from the intermediary nature of new technologies and distribution systems. The sampling ... of DVR use, programming on video on demand systems did not include the audio watermark used by the device ... needed to establish measurement matrices to prove its economic viability, but the lack of shared ... of these leading providers in automated audience measurement solutions is to deliver results to inquiries ... in the audience measurement practice provides a multitude of technological advancements such as the DVR ... measurement is taken to the next level through its sophistication and high tech distribution. This allows several audiences measurement companies to refer to the Internet as the most measurable media ... of TAM television advertising measurement Universe Universe is the total or actual number of people ... of the media plan s trust CPRP Measurement used in planning a television media buy based on the cost ... per GRP would be 1000 divided by 10 , or 100. The CPGRP measurement is a way of measuring ... lack of flexibility. Listeners complain that modern radio lacks variety and depth but the measurement ... more details
Thames Measurement , also known as Thames Tonnage , is a system for measuring ships and boats. It was created by the Thames Yacht Club, and was designed for small vessels, such as yacht s. It was originally used for calculating the port dues for yachts the formula was also used in some early handicapping systems for yacht racing . ref http www.boatus.com goodoldboat ratingrules.htm Rating rules shaped our boats , by Ted Brewer. Retrieved May 10, 2006. ref It is a variation of Builder s Old Measurement . The calculation of Thames Tonnage uses the following formula center math Thames Tonnage frac length beam times beam times frac beam 2 94 math center where length is the length, in foot length feet , from the stempost to sternpost beam is the maximum beam nautical beam , in feet. This can be simplified as center math Thames Tonnage frac length beam times beam 2 188 math center References This article uses the Cite.php citation mechanism. If you would like more information on how to add references to this article, please see http meta.wikimedia.org wiki Cite Cite.php Reflist See also Portal Nautical Tonnage Ship measurements Category Sailing rules and handicapping Category Volume Category Mass ... more details
merge Quantum mind body problem date November 2010 The measurement problem in quantum mechanics is the unresolved problem of how or if wavefunction collapse occurs. The inability to observe this process directly has given rise to different interpretations of quantum mechanics , and poses a key set of questions that each interpretation must answer. The wavefunction in quantum mechanics evolves according to the Schr dinger equation into a linear Quantum superposition superposition of different states, but actual measurements always find the physical system in a definite state. Any future evolution is based on the state the system was discovered to be in when the measurement was made, meaning that the measurement did something to the process under examination. Whatever that something may be does not appear to be explained by the basic theory. To express matters differently to paraphrase Steven Weinberg ref name Weinberg cite book title The Oxford History of the Twentieth Century author Steven Weinberg page 26 url http books.google.com ?id uYTW5ZWrwWAC&pg PA22&dq observer measurement 22S ... finds either a living cat, or a dead cat. After the measurement the cat is definitively alive or dead ... of the entire universe, and it never collapses so there is no measurement problem. Instead the act of measurement ... by Bryce DeWitt . De Broglie Bohm theory tries to solve the measurement problem very differently ... with the environment during a measurement procedure separates the wave packets in configuration ..., the measurement problem, and interpretations of quantum mechanics journal Rev. Mod. Phys. volume ... such a dictum. Citation needed date November 2011 Only the physical interactions between systems ..., S. Hsu and A. Zee On the origin of probability in quantum mechanics 2006 See also Measurement in quantum ... Measurement Problem Two presentations a non technical and a more technical presentation. DEFAULTSORT Measurement Problem Category Quantum measurement fr Probl me de la mesure quantique he ... more details
. Robert Kaplan & David Norton Business has control bias. Because traditional measurement system sprung from finance function, the system has a control bias. Organisations create measurementsystems ... problems with measurementsystems that limit their usefulness Heavy reliance on summary data ... measurementsystems are in use today, and each has its own group of supporters. For example, the Balanced ... Designing effective team based performance measurementsystems an integrated approach , Centre ... date October 2010 Performance measurement is a process for collecting and reporting information ... an organization determines its capability to prevail. Performance measurement estimates the parameters ... 2005. ref All process of measurement measuring performance requires the use of statistical modeling ... do not control their workforce mechanically measurement of time and motion for control as during Taylor .... The measurement of compliance with these requirements is the mechanism of control. 3. To Budget ... accomplishment and selfworth Locke & Latham 1984 . Links from measurement to celebration ... personally care. National Academy of Public Administration NAPA in its study of early performance measurement ... of performance measurement which facilitates learning by providing assessment of organisational performance ... for managers to consider analysis of performance in measurement s related areas by revealing ... box . Principles of performance measurement All significant work activity must be measured. Work that is not measured ... added measures. Performance Measurement topics Most of us have heard some version of the standard performance measurement cliches what gets measured gets done, if you don t measure results, you can t tell ... Measurement is addressed in detail in Step Five of the Nine Steps to Success methodology. In this step ... most to success Allow measurement of acTo Budget Budgets are crude ork that is performed Provide a common ... frequency, data quality, expected value targets , and thresholds Are valid, to ensure measurement ... more details
. See also Airy points Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement Greek Systems History of measurementsystems in India Imperial unit Megalithic yard Mesures usuelles Metric system and Introduction to the metric system Pseudoscientific metrology SI Systems of measurement Units of measurement U.S. ... 250px Detail of a cubit rod in the Museo Egizio of Turin Units of measurement were among the earliest ... a fairly accurate idea of the size of the Ancient Greek units of measurement Length Attic foot is obtained ... of a great variety of modifying influences. We find the units modified and grouped into measurementsystems the Babylonian system, the Egyptian system, the Phileterian system of the Ptolemaic dynasty ... , to mention only a few. Earliest known systems The inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization 3000 ... used in angular measurement and measurement for construction. Calibration was also found in measuring ... known uniform systems of weights and measures seem all to have been created at some time in the 4th ... systems was perhaps that of the Indus Valley Civilization ca. 2600 BC . The Indus Valley peoples ... of Shilpis. The discovery of the relationship between Indus Valley measurement using feet and inches ... uncia, and smaller objects were weighed in similar ratios with the units of 0.871. Other systems were ... French measures of the units of measurement in France before the French Revolution Ancien r gime ... in any of several related systems measures 12 points. Units of mass The Grain mass grain was the earliest ... , avoirdupois , Tower, and Troy weight troy systems. The early unit was a grain of wheat or barleycorn ... unit was the talent measurement talent . The magnitude of these units varied from place to place ... system of numbers. The 360 degrees may have been related to a year of 360 days. Many other systems of measurement divided the day differently other calendar s divided the year differently. Expand ... History Of Measurement Category Customary units in the United States Category Human based units ... more details
primarysources date January 2009 Established in 2003, and based in Penticton, British Columbia, Terasen Measurement is a business unit of Terasen Gas , a subsidiary of Fortis Inc. , the largest investor owned utility in gas and electric distribution in Canada. Terasen Measurement provides North American consumers with a range of gas and electric measurement services including electric and gas measurement, flow meter testing, meter fleet management and automated meter reading services. Terasen Measurement has a full accreditation as a Meter Service Organization under both Measurement Canada and ISO 9001 2000 . They test, repair and verify more than 80,000 meters a year, and manage a fleet of more than 1 million meters across North America External links http www.terasenmeasurement.com Terasen Measurement website http www.terasengas.com Terasen Gas website http www.fortisinc.com Fortis Inc. http www.ic.gc.ca Measurement Canada http www.iso.org International Organization for Standardization References reflist Category Companies based in British Columbia Category Fortis Inc. ... more details
Multiple issues POV March 2008 refimprove January 2007 Loudspeaker measurement is one of the most difficult aspects of audio quality measurement , Citation needed date March 2008 and also probably the most ... audio system components. Anechoic measurement The standard way to test a loudspeaker requires an anechoic ... measurement is not representative of performance in a room, especially a small room. For valid results ... sides. Most anechoic chambers are not designed for accurate measurement down to 20 Hz. Outdoor measurement Measurements made outside will usually show ripples in the mid range caused by ground reflection ... 50 ft m in their measurements. Half space measurement An alternative is to simply lay the speaker ... allows far more accurate half space measurement, creating the loudspeaker equivalent of the boundary ..., and so no measurement, or combination of measurements, can assure successful perceptions ... or two. and in fact a speaker that has been designed to give a flat measurement at 1 m will not be quite so flat at 2 m, a better distance for measurement, but seldom used in increases errors caused ... measurement and its caveats. Nearfield measurements Room acoustics have much lower effect on nearfield ... directional information. For a multiple sound source speaker system the measurement should be carried ... Frequency Loudspeaker Assessment by Nearfield Sound Pressure Measurement, 1974 04 AES Published ref .... Vented speaker systems suffer a modest amount of group delay at very low frequencies, but the human ear is not sensitive to them, and vented systems remain popular because their minor deficiencies are typically swamped by room modes. Frequency response measurement Frequency response measurements ... excursion to lower levels. A power bandwidth measurement is therefore most useful, in addition to frequency ... at 4 Hz. Distortion measurement Distortion measurement s on loudspeakers can only go as low ... up to around 110 dB SPL at 1 m, but almost all domestic speaker systems distort badly above 100 ... more details
Software measurement is a quantified attribute see also measurement of a characteristic of a software product or the software process. It is a discipline within software engineering . The content of software measurement is defined and governed by ISO Standard ISO 15939 software measurement process . Further reading Norman Fenton, Shari L Pfleeger http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 241680 Software metrics a rigorous and practical approach PWS Publishing Co. Boston, MA, USA 1997, ISBN 0 534 95600 9 Christof Ebert and Reiner Dumke http www.springer.com dal home generic search results?SGWID 1 40109 22 173740676 0 Software Measurement Springer, New York 2007, ISBN 978 3 540 71648 8 Category Software metrics soft eng stub ... more details
Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured in a variety of ways ... of times the volume is filled to measure flow. Other flow measurement methods rely on forces produced ... be measured by measuring the velocity of fluid over a known area. Units of measurement Both gas and liquid ... the flow. The bucket and stopwatch method is an off line method, meaning that the measurement cannot ... Rotary piston p Because they are used for domestic water measurement, piston meters, also known as rotary piston or semi positive displacement meters, are the most common flow measurement devices in the UK ... gear on side A is protruding into the measurement chamber, while on the other side of the meter B , a cavity holds a fixed volume of fluid in a measurement chamber. As the fluid pushes the gears, it rotates them, allowing the fluid in the measurement chamber on side B to be released into the outlet port. Meanwhile, fluid entering the inlet port will be driven into the measurement chamber of side ... continues as the gears rotate and fluid is metered through alternating measurement chambers ... transducer for flow measurement. Helical Gear Helical gear flow meters get their name from the shape ... commonly used measurement system for measuring water supply. The fluid, most commonly water ... to fluid velocity. Turbine flow meters are used for the measurement of natural gas and liquid flow ... rates required in fire protection systems. They are often approved by Underwriters Laboratories ... of aluminum to be light weight, and are usually 3 capacity. Water utilities often require them for measurement ... 20meter 20eccentric 20plate&pg PA85 Flow Measurement , p. 85 ref ref American Gas Association ... measurement of the three dimensional velocity vector. Also see Annubar . Optical flow meters Optical .... Optical flow meters are very stable with no moving parts and deliver a highly repeatable measurement ... for the measurement of flare gases from oil wells and refineries, a contributor to atmospheric ... more details
than one slows the light. Transit time measurement underlies most radio navigation systems for boats ...Length measurement is implemented in practice in many ways. The most commonly used approaches are the transit ... and diffraction grating s, diffraction is used with X ray s and electron beam s. Measurement ... Cosmic distance ladder . Transit time measurement The basic idea behind a transit time measurement of length ... applications, tens of centimeters. Time of flight systems for robotics for example, Laser Detection ... an interferometer . In many practical circumstances, and for precision work, measurement of dimension ... name errors The measurement also requires careful specification of the medium in which the light .... It may be noted again, by way of contrast, that the transit time measurement of length is independent ... the measurement medium to the reference medium of classical vacuum, which may indeed depend on the frequency ... name grating Such measurements allow the calibration of electron microscope s, extending measurement ... pattern, and related to the metre through an optical measurement of the lattice spacing on the same ... different regimes of measurement is similar to the idea behind the cosmic distance ladder for different ranges of astronomical length. Both calibrate different methods for length measurement using overlapping ... ref Other systems of units In some systems of units, unlike the current SI system, lengths ... a process of calibration, that is, the use of an established method of measurement to give absolute ..., see cite book title Optical systems and processes author Joseph Shamir url http books.google.com ... Electromagnetic distance measurement pages 136 ff url http www.amazon.com gp reader 0750617713 ref ... measurement pages 136 ff url http books.google.com books?id BxYeF gQ1bMC&pg PR62 pages 62 ff chapter 4.4 Basic principles of electronic distance measurement isbn 8120341988 publisher PHI Learning ... Ye title Absolute measurement of a long, arbitrary distance to less than an optical fringe url http ... more details
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