Programming paradigms Tacitprogramming is a programming paradigm in which a function definition does not include information regarding its parameter computer science arguments , using combinator library combinators and function composition computer science function composition but not abstraction instead of variable programming variables . The simplicity behind this idea allows its use on several programming language s, such as APL programming language APL and J programming language J and especially in stack oriented programming language stack or concatenative programming language concatenative languages, such as PostScript , Forth programming language Forth , Joy programming language Joy , and Factor programming language Factor . Outside of the APL and J communities, tacitprogramming is referred to as point free style , ref cite web url http www.haskell.org haskellwiki Pointfree title Pointfree publisher HaskellWiki accessdate 2008 05 09 ref or more pithily as pointless programming , because of the lack of explicit arguments, or points . The key idea in tacitprogramming is to assist in operating at the appropriate level of abstraction. That is, to translate the natural transformation ... sub fib add if def See also Combinatory logic Concatenative programming language Function level programming Joy programming language , modern highly tacit language References Reflist External links http ... tacitprogramming in any APL like language Category Programming paradigms es Programaci n t cita ru ... programming A simple example in Haskell programming language Haskell is a program which takes a sum of a list. A programmer might define a sum recursively using a pointed cf. value level programming value level programming method as source lang haskell sum x xs x sum xs sum 0 source However by noting ... haskell mf . map . . . filter source APL family In J programming language J , the same sort of point ... In stack oriented programming language s and concatenative programming language concatenative ones , most ... more details
Tacit Networks is an Information technology I.T. company based in South Plainfield, New Jersey . It was founded in 2000. Their product lines are iShared which provides Wide area file services and WAN optimization . Mobiliti via the acquisition of Mobiliti which provides backup, synchronization and offline access services to mobile users. On January 30, 2004, Tacit Networks acquired the assets of AttachStor . The AttachStor technology provided the basis for the email acceleration feature in the iShared product. On December 30, 2005, Tacit Networks acquired the assets of Mobiliti and integrated the Mobiliti product line into its portfolio. On May 15, 2006, Packeteer acquired Tacit Networks and integrated the iShared and Mobiliti product lines into the Packeteer portfolio. See also Wide area file services WAN optimization References references http www.byteandswitch.com document.asp?doc id 48762 News article about AttachStor s acquisition by Tacit Networks http www.byteandswitch.com document.asp?doc id 87412 News article about Mobiliti s acquisition by Tacit Networks http www.networkworld.com news 2006 050906 packeteer tacit.html News article about the Tacit acquisition by Packeteer External links http www.packeteer.com products ishared iShared product page on Packeteer.com Dead link date March 2011 Category Network performance Category Computer companies of the United States Category Companies based in Middlesex County, New Jersey Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
Infobox Company company name Tacit Software company logo Image Tacit.logo.gif Tacit Software logo company type Private company Private foundation 1997 location Palo Alto , California , United States U.S. key people David Gilmour, Founder and CEO num employees 30 2007 industry computer software products ActiveNet, illumio homepage http www.tacit.com www.tacit.com Tacit Software was a company that provides expertise and knowledge search software for enterprises and consumers. It was acquired by Oracle Corp in November 2008, and its assets were rolled into the Oracle Beehive collaboration platform., ref name silicontap.com silicontap.com http www.silicontap.com oracle buys tacit software s 0018279.html ref ref http www.oracle.com us corporate press 017678 EN ref Tacit was founded in 1997 as Tacit Knowledge Systems by David Gilmour, the founder of Giga Information Group now owned by Forrester Research and was headquartered in Palo Alto, CA . ref Davidson, Paul. June 13, 2004 USA Today http www.usatoday.com money companies management 2004 06 13 tacit x.htm Tacit Finds Matches in Company E ... Tacit s first product, KnowledgeMail, was released in late 1999. KnowledgeMail was an expertise ... and expertise. In 2003, Tacit introduced ActiveNet, a browser based version of KnowledgeMail. In 2003 2004, several additional companies adopted ActiveNet and Tacit s underlying technologies, including ... in the Machine ref Lockheed Martin, for example, picked Tacit over five other expertise location ... article2 0,1540,1621864,00.asp Web Extra Who s On First? ref In 2006, Tacit introduced a new product called illumio. illumio made Tacit s expertise location technology available to everyday Internet users. It was acquired in 2008. Intellectual Property Tacit holds 13 patents. ref United States ... http www.adtmag.com article.aspx?id 11100& page Application Development Tools Tacit Makes The Collaboration ... 2D8F26 2DBE1CCF8A9DE3 Computerwire Tacit Puts Process Spin on Expertise Location Category Companies ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Tacit Relocation in Scots Law is a principle whereby leasing leases of land or buildings are renewed on the same conditions as previously existed if no notice of termination is given within the requisite period, subject to a maximum period of one year, applying in perpetuity until such notice is given. The concept is also known in the law of South Africa . References Reflist Unreferenced date December 2008 Category Business terms Category Legal terms Category Scots law Category Business law Category Contract law Category Renting Scotland law stub ... more details
A tacit assumption or implicit assumption is an assumption that includes the underlying agreements or statements made in the development of a logical argument , course of action , Decision making decision , or judgment that are not explicitly voiced nor necessarily understood by the decision maker or judge. Often, these assumptions are made based on personal life experiences, and are not consciously apparent in the decision making environment. These assumptions can be the source of apparent paradox es, misunderstandings and resistance to change in human organization al behavior . References Edgar H. Schein, Organizational Culture and Leadership , Jossey Bass, 2004, ISBN 0 7879 7597 4 Logic stub Category Logic ja ... more details
Multiple issues cleanup September 2009 refimprove February 2010 original research February 2010 Tacit collusion occurs when cartels are illegal or overt collusion is absent. Put another way, two firms agree to play a certain strategy without explicitly saying so . Oligopoly Oligopolists usually try not to engage in price cutting, excessive advertising or other forms of competition. Thus, there may be unwritten rules of collusive behavior such as price leadership tacit collusion . A price leader will then emerge and sets the general industry price, with other firms following suit. For example see the case of British Salt Limited and New Cheshire Salt Works Limited ref name BSvSU http books.google.com books?id YBy r g7fW0C&dq British Salt Vs Salt Union British Salt Limited and New Cheshire Salt Works Limited, By Great Britain Competition Commission ref . Duopoly Example Tacit collusion is best understood in the context of a duopoly and the concept of Game Theory namely, Nash Equilibrium . Let s take an example of two firms A and B, who both play an advertising game over an indefinite number of periods effectively saying infinitely many . Both of the firms payoffs are contingent upon their own action, but more importantly the action of their competitor. They can choose to stay at the current level of advertising or choose a more aggressive advertising strategy . If either firm chooses low advertising while the other chooses high, then the low advertising firm will suffer a great loss in market share while the other experiences a boost. However if they both choose high advertising, then neither firms market share will increase but their advertising costs will increase, thus lowering their profits. If they both choose to stay at the normal level of advertising, then sales will remain constant without the added advertising expense. Thus, both firms will experience a greater payoff if they both choose normal advertising however this set of actions is unstable, as both are tempted ... more details
articles The Northrop Corporation Northrop Tacit Blue was a technology demonstrator aircraft ... degree of survivability. Development Unveiled by the U.S. Air Force on 30 April 1996, the Tacit Blue ... to a ground command center. Tacit Blue represented the black component in the larger Assault Breaker ... portion of the program s targeting system, whereas Tacit Blue was intended to demonstrate a similar ... www.ausairpower.net TE Assault Breaker.html Assault Breaker Program Analysis ref Tacit Blue, nicknamed ... turbofan engines. Tacit Blue employed a quadruply redundant, digital, fly by wire flight control system ... developed for Tacit Blue is now being used by the E 8 Joint STARS aircraft. Operational history File Tacit blue side runway.jpg thumb Northrop engineer John Cashen was quoted in 1996 as having said ... flown. ref cite web title Tacit Blue url http www.news.com 2300 11397 3 6219637 16.html?tag ne.gall.pg ... in storage in 1985. In 1996, Tacit Blue was placed on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright Patterson Air Force Base , near Dayton, Ohio . Tacit Blue is on display in the Research ... armament avionics See also commons category Northrop Tacit Blue aircontent related similar ... aircraft 1980 1989 Category Code names Category Northrop aircraft Tacit Blue Category V tail aircraft Category Black projects de Northrop Tacit Blue es Northrop Tacit Blue fr Northrop Tacit Blue hr Northrop Tacit Blue it Northrop Tacit Blue he lt Northrop Tacit Blue pl Northrop Tacit Blue ro Northrop Tacit Blue ... more details
File Northrop AGM 136A Tacit Rainbow.jpg thumb Northrop AGM 136A Tacit Rainbow in the Cold War Gallery at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. The AGM 136A Tacit Rainbow was a United States military anti radiation missile program run from 1982 to 1991. The requirement was for a low cost air launchable system to aid in the SEAD destruction of enemy air defense networks . The proposed unit would combine elements of cruise missile s and unmanned aerial vehicle UAVs , it would be launched in large numbers by heavy bombers, fighters, or possibly mass ground launch systems. The missiles would fly in advance of manned aircraft up to 450 km 280 mi to pre programmed target zones and patrol there until enemy radar sources were detected which would then be destroyed. This extended patrol time on target loiter time was the key feature of the new system, a Persistent Anti radiation Missile PARM as opposed to a AGM 88 HARM HARM . The project was started by the DoD in 1982, but moved to the control of the USAF Aeronautical Systems Division in 1984 as a joint Navy Air Force project. The majority of the system was designed and developed by Northrop Corporation Northrop with Texas Instruments providing the seek head and Boeing providing a system that allowed it to be launched from B 52 bombers. The first test air launch was on July 30, 1984. The unit was 8 ft 4 in 2.54 m long and 5 ft 2 in 1.575 m in span with a body diameter of 27 in 686 mm , flight and control surfaces deployed after launch. It massed around 431 lb 195 kg including the 40 lb 18 kg warhead. Power was provided by a Williams F121 turbofan, producing 310 Newton ... a Tacit Rainbow in their collection Museum of Aviation , Robins Air Force Base , Georgia U.S. state ... Rockets and Missiles US missiles DEFAULTSORT Agm 136 Tacit Rainbow Category Anti radiation missiles of the United States de AGM 136 Tacit Rainbow ... more details
Basic programming may refer to Premium television Basic programming Basic television programming , the set of channels included in basic subscription to satellite or cable television Programming in one of the BASIC programming languages BASIC Programming , cartridge for the Atari 2600 console, released in 1979 disambig ... more details
Network programming may refer to one of several things Computer network programming Scheduling broadcasting Scheduling broadcast programs disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Disputeabout anyone ever having proposed scalar programming date March 2008 Programming paradigms Scalar programming is a term used to refer to those programming approaches that do not follow the array programmingprogramming paradigm paradigm . The fundamental idea behind scalar programming is that operations apply to a single value at a time. This makes it a low level programming model as it restricts the programmer to think and operate on the elemental constituents of data aggregates, and resorting to explicit loops of individual scalar operations to process the whole aggregates. See also Array programming contrast Programming paradigm s DEFAULTSORT Scalar Programming Category Programming paradigms Comp sci stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Exploratory programming is an important part of the software engineering cycle when a domain is not very well understood or open ended, or it s not clear what algorithms and data structures might be needed for an implementation, it s useful to be able to interactively develop and debug a program without having to go through the usual constraints of the edit compile run debug cycle. Many languages provide support for exploratory programming via interactivity, dynamicity, and extensibility, such as Cecil programming language Cecil , Dylan programming language Dylan , Factor programming language Factor , Lisp programming language Lisp , Mathematica , Obliq , Oz programming language Oz , Prolog , Python programming language Python , REBOL , Ruby programming language Ruby , Self programming language Self , Smalltalk and Tcl . See also Software Prototyping DEFAULTSORT Exploratory Programming Category Programming paradigms Soft eng stub ... more details
Programming often refers to computer programming , the act of instructing computers to perform tasks. In other contexts, it may also refer to Broadcast programming , scheduling content for television Radio programming , scheduling content for radio Programming music , generating music electronically Psychological programming , the use of hypnosis, illusion, mind control and brainwashing to program a mind Mathematical programming , or optimization disambig af Programmering ca Programaci de Programming fr Programmation homonymie ko it Programmazione nl Programmeren ja ru vi L p tr nh nh h ng ... more details
Distinguish Synthetic Programming HP 41 Multiple issues context March 2009 notability March 2009 refimprove March 2009 orphan February 2010 Synthetic programming refers to assembly language programming in scripting language s. Implementations vary from Inline assembler inline assembly to better wrapped machine instructions. Implementations Python programming language Python Corepy http www.corepy.org AutoHotkey http www.autohotkey.com forum topic21172.html AutoIt http www.autoitscript.com forum index.php?showtopic 86672 Category Computer programming Compu prog stub ... more details
Expert subject Computer science date November 2008 In computer programming within the subject oriented programmingProgramming paradigm paradigm , subjects are a way to separation of concerns separate concern s. For example, in a Shape class with two methods Draw and Move , each method would be considered a subject. External links http www.research.ibm.com sop IBM Subject oriented programming page http www.alphaworks.ibm.com tech hyperj Hyper J is an example of this concept. Compu lang stub Category Object oriented programming Category Programming paradigms Category Programming principles ... more details
In computer science , typeful programming is a programming style identified by widespread use of type theory type information handled through mechanical typechecking techniques. ref name Cardelli The concept was introduced in a paper of the same name by Luca Cardelli in 1991. ref name Cardelli The Haskell programming language Haskell programming language is said to be typeful. ref name Cardelli cite journal last Cardelli first Luca year 1991 title Typeful programming journal IFIP State of the Art Reports publisher Springer Verlag location New York issue Formal Description of Programming Concepts pages 431 507 url http www.lucacardelli.name Papers TypefulProg.pdf ref References references Category Programming paradigms Category Type theory compu prog stub ... more details
A programming game is a computer game where the player has no direct influence on the course of the game. Instead, a computer program or script is written in some domain specific programming language in order to control the actions of the characters usually robot s, tank s or bacteria , which seek to destroy each other . Most programming games can be considered environments of digital organism s, related to artificial life simulations. A few programming games of note include AI Wars , Core War , and RoboWar , among many others. There are different tournament s and leagues for the programming games where the characters can compete with each other. Usually a script is optimized for a special strategy. Programming games may be derived from almost any other type of game. For example, the World Computer Chess Championship consists of matches between programs written for the abstract strategy game of chess . Also, some non computer games borrow elements of programming games in the board game RoboRally , players arrange cards to program their pieces with a sequence of moves, causing moves to be made without the knowledge of one s opponents preceding moves. See also Portal box Robotics Video games Category Programming games Programming games category List of digital organism simulators External links http programminggames.org The Programming Games Wiki http www.dmoz.org Games Video Games Simulation Programming Games Programming Game list at DMOZ http www.aiforge.net game links.htm Many inactive and nonexistent programming games at AIforge http retrocode.blogspot.com 2009 09 history of programming games 1961 1989.html A History of Programming Games http sourceforge.net projects earliestgames Earliest and Similar Games now in C, Turn Based, or Color and Speed in Linux Ncurses VideoGameGenre videogame software stub Category Programming games Category Video game genres de Programmierspiel ru uk ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Strip programming is a technique used for programming television and radio to ensure consistency and coherency. Television program Television or radio program s of a particular style are given a regular time slot during the week. For example, radio and television Broadcasting broadcasters may program a european classical music classical music program at 1 p.m. every day. Strip programming is used to deliver consistent content to targeted audiences. Broadcasters know or predict the times at which certain demographics will be listening to or watching their programs and play them at that time. Drive time and prime time programming is a classic example of strip programming, with similar content being broadcast every day at the same time to target specific demographics. Strip programming is sometimes criticized as making programming too predictable and reducing diversity and uniqueness. DEFAULTSORT Strip Programming Category Television terminology Category Radio terminology tv term stub nl Horizontale programmering ... more details
nofootnotes date October 2008 The Practice of Programming ISBN 0 201 61586 X by Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike is a 1999 book about computer programming and software engineering , published by Addison Wesley . According to the preface, the book is about topics like testing, debugging , porting portability , performance, design alternatives, and style, which, according to the authors, are not usually the focus of computer science or programming courses . ref http cm.bell labs.com cm cs tpop preface.html Preface ref It treats these topics in case studies, featuring implementations in several programming language s mostly C programming language C , but also C , AWK programming language AWK , Perl and Tcl . The Practice of Programming has been translated into twelve languages. References reflist External links http cm.bell labs.com cm cs tpop Bell Labs homepage http tpop.awl.com Website for the book compu book stub Rob Pike navbox DEFAULTSORT Practice of Programming Category Software engineering books Category 1999 books ... more details
Refimprove date February 2010 Programming paradigms In software development , programming in the large and programming in the small describe two different approaches to writing software. The terms were coined by Frank DeRemer and Hans Kron in their 1975 paper Programming in the large versus programming ... an individual program is created is different from how a programming systems product is created. ref ... engineer, is complete in itself, and is ready to run on the system on which it was developed. The programming .... This is the endeavor that DeRemer and Kron describe as programming in the small. Compare with the activities associated with a programming systems project, again as identified by Brooks. Such a project ... how programming systems projects are typically run as formal projects that follow industry best ... about programming in the large vs in the small taken from the abstract of their paper see the references ... , possibly written by different people. We need languages for programming in the small, i.e. languages not unlike the common programming languages of today, for writing modules. We also need a module ... machines. Programming in the large In software development , programming in the large can involve computer programmingprogramming by larger groups of people or by smaller groups over longer time periods ... complicated, programs that can be challenging for maintainers to understand. With programming in the large, coding managers place emphasis on partitioning work into Modularity programming module .... With programming in the large, program changes can become difficult. ref name Brooks If a change ... goal of programming in the large involves setting up modules that will not need altering in the event ... cohesion and loose Coupling computer science coupling . Programming in the large requires abstraction ... define interactions that have precision and demonstrable correctness. Programming in the large ... by Frank DeRemer and Hans Kron in their 1976 paper Programming in the Large Versus Programming ... more details
Refimprove date August 2008 Infobox book name The Tao of Programming image http www.geoffreyjames.com taocover.jpg Cover page author Geoffrey James writer Geoffrey James illustrator Gloria Garland cover artist Gloria Garland country United States language English language English subject Computer programming genre Computer programming , Satire publisher InfoBooks pub date 1987 media type Print Paperback pages 151 isbn 0 931137 07 1 dewey 005 19 congress QA76.6 .J354 1987 oclc 13904639 followed by The Zen of Programming The Tao of Programming is a book written in 1987 by Geoffrey James . Written in a tongue in cheek style spoof of classic Taoist texts such as the Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi which belies its serious message. The Tao of Programming consists of a series of short anecdotes divided into nine books The Silent Void The Ancient Masters Design Coding Maintenance Management Corporate Wisdom Hardware and Software Epilogue The themes of the book espouse many Hacker programmer subculture hacker ideals &ndash managers should leave programmers to their work code should be small, elegant, and maintainable corporate wisdom is more often than not an oxymoron and so on. Geoffrey James wrote two more books like The Tao of Programming The Zen of Programming in 1988 and Computer Parables Enlightenment in the Information Age in 1989. However, they have not been as well received. Citation ... version of The Tao of Programming http huffman.sourceforge.net tao tao of programming.html An online version of The Tao of Programming http catb.org esr writings unix koans The Unix Koans of Master ... http livecn.huasing.org tao of programming.htm A Chinese translation of The Tao of Programming http www.hvaonline.net hvaonline posts list 22570.hva A Vietnamese translation of The Tao of Programming DEFAULTSORT Tao Of Programming, The Category Software development books Category 1987 books Category ... of Programming ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In ordinary computer programming, the programmer keeps the program s intended results in mind and painstakingly constructs a computer program to achieve those results. Inferential programming refers to still mostly hypothetical techniques and technologies enabling the inverse. Inferential programming would allow the programmer to describe the intended result to the computer using a metaphor such as a fitness function , a test specification, or a logical specification and then the computer would construct its own program to meet the supplied criteria. During the 1980s, approaches to achieve inferential programming mostly revolved around techniques for logical inference . Today the term is sometimes used in connection with evolutionary computation techniques that enable the computer to evolve a solution in response to a problem posed as a fitness or reward function. Closely related concepts and technologies PROLOG Artificial intelligence Genetic programming Machine learning Artificial life Evolution Metaprogramming See also Computer science Compiler theory Unit testing DEFAULTSORT Inferential Programming Category Programming paradigms Category Hypothetical technology ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The slow programming movement is part of the slow movement . It is a software development philosophy that emphasises careful design, quality code, software testing and thinking. It strives to avoid kludge s, buggy code, and overly quick release cycles. External links http openbooklab.com slow programming a new approach to software development Slow Programming A new approach to software development http www.di.uniovi.es cernuda noprog ENG.html How NOT to go about a programming assignment An ironic description of a fast programming paradigm http norvig.com 21 days.html Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years An essay on developing expertise in programming, by Peter Norvig http www.martinfowler.com bliki TechnicalDebt.html Technical Debt Technical Debt, by Martin Fowler http www.computer.org portal web buildyourcareer Nosce te Ipsum blogs top ten idea killers in software development Top Ten Idea Killers in Software Development Top Ten Idea Killers in Software Development, by Navneeth Mandavilli Category Slow movement Category Software development philosophies compu prog stub ... more details
refimprove date February 2011 Expert subject Computer science date January 2009 Programming paradigms A programming paradigm is a fundamental style of computer programming . Compare with a methodology ..., evaluation, continuations, data flows, etc. . Overview A programming model is an abstraction ... passing, or a hybrid of the two. A programming language can support multi paradigm programming ... procedural programming procedural , or purely object oriented programming object oriented , or contain ... elements. In object oriented programming, programmers can think of a program as a collection of interacting objects, while in functional programming a program can be thought of as a sequence of stateless function evaluations. When programming computers or systems with many processors, process oriented programming allows programmers to think about applications as sets of concurrent processes acting ... different methodologies , different programming language s advocate different programming paradigms ... programming, Haskell programming language Haskell supports functional programming , while other programming languages support multiple paradigms such as Object Pascal , C , Java programming language Java , C Sharp programming language C , Visual Basic , Common Lisp , Scheme programming language Scheme , Perl , Python programming language Python , Ruby programming language Ruby , Oz programming language Oz and F Sharp programming language F . Many programming paradigms are as well known for what techniques they forbid as for what they enable. For instance, pure functional programming disallows the use of side effect computer science side effects , while structured programming disallows the use ... or simply to understand its behavior. Multi paradigm programming language see also List of multi paradigm programming languages A multi paradigm programming language is a programming language that supports more than one programming paradigm. As Leda programming language Leda designer Timothy Budd ... more details
Notability date October 2011 A programming domain defines a specific kind of use for a programming language . Some examples of programming domains are Application software General purpose applications Rapid software prototyping Financial time series analysis Natural language processing Artificial intelligence reasoning Expert systems Relational database querying Theorem proving Systems design and implementation Application scripting Domain specific applications Programming education Internet Symbolic mathematics Numerical mathematics Statistical applications Text processing Matrix algorithms See also Domain specific language Unreferenced date June 2007 compu lang stub Category Programming language topics Domain Category Computer languages ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
