Unreferenced date October 2009 A telecommunicationcircuit is any line, conductor, or other conduit by which information is Transmission telecommunications transmitted . A dedicated circuit , private circuit , or leased line is a line that is dedicated to only one use. Originally, this was analog signal analog , and was often used by radio station s as a studio transmitter link STL or remote pickup unit RPU for their sound reproduction audio , sometimes as a backup to other means. Later lines were digital , and used for private corporation corporate data network s. The opposite of a dedicated circuit is a switched circuit , which can be connected to different paths. A Plain old telephone service POTS or ISDN telephone line is a switched circuit, because it can connect to any other telephone number . On digital lines, a virtual circuit can be created to serve either purpose, while sharing a single physical circuit. Definitions A telecommunicationcircuit may be defined as follows The complete path between two terminals over which one way or two way communications may be provided. See communications protocol . An electronic path between two or more points, capable of providing a number of channel communications channels . A number of conductors connected for the purpose of carrying an Current electricity electric current . An electronic closed loop path among two or more points used for Signalling telecommunication signal transfer. A number of electrical components, such as resistors, inductances, capacitors, transistors, and Electric power power sources connected in one or more closed loops. References reflist FS1037C MS188 Category Telecommunications telecomm stub ... more details
from the Opte Project of the various routes through a portion of the Internet Telecommunication ... s effective capacity to exchange information through two way telecommunication networks grew from 281 ... in the world economy and the worldwide telecommunication industry s revenue was estimated to be 3.85 .... ref name plunkettresearch.com Etymology The word telecommunication was adapted from the French word ... communicare , meaning to share . ref Telecommunication , tele and communication , New Oxford American ... tele communicare to Telecommunications , 2004. ref History details History of telecommunication Ancient ... of Excellence , International Telecommunication Union, 2006. ref Telegraph and telephone main Electrical ... on modern telecommunication systems. Some of these concepts are discussed below. Basic elements A basic communication system telecommunication system consists of three primary units that are always ... to sound for people to listen to. Sometimes, telecommunication systems are duplex telecommunications ... their high power circuitry and their low power circuitry from each other. Telecommunication over ... because it is between one transmitter and one receiver. Telecommunication through radio broadcasts ... year 1999 pages 1 2 isbn 0 534 95409 X ref Telecommunication networks Main Telecommunications network ... multiplexing FDM . Society and telecommunicationTelecommunication has a significant social, cultural and economic impact on modern society. In 2008, estimates placed the telecommunication industry ... . ref name plunkettresearch.com Several following sections discuss the impact of telecommunication ... benefited from better telecommunication infrastructure compared to its competitors. ref cite journal .... Even relatively poor communities have been noted to use telecommunication to their advantage ... Waverman suggested a causal link between good telecommunication infrastructure and economic growth ... benefits of good telecommunication infrastructure, there is increasing worry about the inequitable ... more details
Wiktionary Circuit may mean Circuit theory, the theory of accomplishing work by routing electrons, gas ... analogy Fluidics In electrical engineering Electrical circuit , an electrical network that has a closed loop giving a return path for the current Circuit analysis , the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents through, every component in an electrical circuit Electronic circuit , active electronic components connected in a circuit Analog circuit or Digital circuit Integrated circuit Mixed signal integrated circuit Asynchronous circuit or Synchronous circuit Printed circuit board PCB Series and parallel circuits TelecommunicationcircuitCircuit diagram Balanced circuit LC circuit In fluid power and fluid mechanics Hydraulic circuit Pneumatic circuit In physics Magnetic circuit , one or more closed loop paths containing a magnetic flux In mathematics and computer science Circuit computer theory , a theoretical structure simulating electrical and data paths Boolean circuit Integer circuit , a mathematical object of computational complexity Circuit complexity , a branch ... vertices than the starting and ending vertices Matroid circuit, in combinatorics In neuroscience Biological neural network , a neuronal circuit In economics Monetary circuit theory , a heterodox theory of monetary economics also called circuitism In government and law Circuit administrative division , an administrative country subdivision in East Asia Circuit court , the name of court systems in several common law jurisdictions In transportation and racing Circuit airfield , also called the pattern, a standard path followed by aircraft when taking off or landing Kart circuit Formula One circuits see List of Formula One circuits Race track Others Circuit , a character from the Munna Bhai film series Circuit LCMS , local grouping of congregations in the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod Circuit film Circuit film , a 2001 gay themed film set in the world of gay circuit parties Circuit party , a gay ... more details
of records and activities to assess the compliance of telecom service providers with telecommunication ... that has a telecommunication agreement in place with your company. Copies of telecom service and equipment ... service provider that pertains to each local, long distance and network circuit service that connects ... Glossary DEFAULTSORT Audit Telecommunication Category Telecommunications economics Category Telecommunications ... more details
Portal Telecommunication The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to telecommunicationTelecommunication &ndash the Transmission telecommunications transmission of signal electronics signals over a distance for the purpose of communication . In modern times, this process almost always involves the use of electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic waves by transmitters and receivers, but in earlier years it also involved the use of drum communication drum s and visual signals such as smoke signal smoke , Hydraulic telegraph Greek hydraulic semaphore system fire , beacon s, semaphore line s and other optical communications. Essence of telecommunication Main Telecommunication Types of telecommunication networks Main Telecommunications network Computer network s ARPANET Ethernet Internet Wireless network s Public switched telephone network s PSTN Packet switching Packet switched networks Radio network s Television network s Aspects of telecommunication transmission Main Telecommunication Analog signal Analog Digital Optics Telecommunication technology Modulation Amplitude modulation Frequency modulation Quadrature amplitude modulation Nyquist rate Nyquist ISI criterion Pulse shaping Intersymbol interference Communications media types Physical media for Telecommunication Twisted pair Coaxial cable Optical fiber Telecommunication through Free Space Broadcasting Broadcast radio frequency including television and radio Line of sight propagation Line of sight Communications satellite Terrestrial Microwave Wireless LAN Relationship between media and transmitters Physical access to media Simplex Duplex telecommunications Logical relationships Return channel ... Token based Centralized token control Distributed token control History of telecommunication Main History of telecommunication Telegraphy History History of telegraphy History of the telephone Invention ... General telecommunication concepts E mail Instant messaging Radio Telephone VoIP Videoconferencing ... more details
The Circuit could refer to The Circuit TV series The Circuit TV series , an Australian drama television series The Circuit radio show The Circuit radio show , an internet radio show produced by Card Player magazine The Circuit 2008 film The Circuit 2008 film , a 2008 made for TV movie starring Bill Campbell and Michelle Trachtenberg The Circuit 2002 film The Circuit 2002 film and its sequels The Circuit 2 The Final Punch 2002 film The Circuit 2 2002 and The Circuit 3 film The Circuit 3 2006 , martial arts films directed by Jalal Merhi The Circuit Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child , a children s novel by Francisco Jim nez often called The Circuit The Circuit , a 1986 Japanese racing game known globally as World Grand Prix video game World Grand Prix The Circuit , a slang term for careers such as close protection, private military contractors intended for ex military personnel The Circuit , a book about ex SAS soldier Bob Shepherd, released in 2008 See also Circuit disambiguation disambig ... more details
Refimprove date November 2010 In telecommunication , the term gating has the following meanings 1. The process of selecting only those portions of a wave between specified time intervals or between specified amplitude limits. 2. The controlling of signals by means of combinational logic elements. 3. A process in which a predetermined set mathematics set of conditions, when established, permits a second process to occur. Source From Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL STD 188 DEFAULTSORT Gating Telecommunication Category Telecommunications terms Category Signal processing ... more details
In telecommunication s, a slip is a positional displacement in a sequence of transmitted symbols that causes the loss or insertion of one or more symbols. Slips are usually caused by inadequate synchronization of the two clocks controlling the transmission telecommunications transmission or by poor reception of the signal. References Federal Standard 1037C Category Telecommunications terms Telecomm term stub ... more details
Drop , in telecommunication , has several meanings. In a communications network , a drop is the portion of a device directly connected to the internal station facilities, such as toward a telephone switchboard , toward a switching center , or toward a telephone exchange . A drop can also be a wire or cable from a pole or cable terminus to a building. It may also be referred to as a downlead . These cables may be reinforced to withstand the tension due to gravity and weather of an aerial drop i.e., hanging in air , as in messenger type RG 6 coaxial cable , which is reinforced with a steel messenger wire along its length. To drop is to delete, intentionally or unintentionally, or to lose part of a Signalling telecommunication signal , such as Bit slip dropping bit s from a bit stream . Sources Federal Standard 1037C , in support of MIL STD 188 Category Telecommunications terms ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In telecommunication , an interchangeability is a condition which exists when two or more items possess such functional and physical characteristics as to be equivalent in performance and durability, and are capable of being exchanged one for the other without alteration of the items themselves, or of adjoining items, except for adjustment, and without selection for fit and performance. Sources DODDIC FS1037C Category Telecommunications Telecomm term stub ... more details
Orphan date December 2009 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Telecommunication Breakdown Type Album Artist Emergency Broadcast Network Cover Released 1995 Recorded 1995 Genre Electronic music Electronic Length 53 13 Label TVT Records TVT Producer Jack Dangers Reviews Last album This album Telecommunication Breakdown br 1995 Next album Telecommunication Breakdown is an album by Emergency Broadcast Network , released in 1995 by TVT Records . The CD release included three video tracks in addition to the audio as well as a floppy disc that included AV editing software. The music for the album was produced by Jack Dangers , as a side project for his group Meat Beat Manifesto . The album features a number of guest performers Brian Eno on Homicidal Schizophrenic , with Jamie West Oram of The Fixx on guitar Bill Laswell contributed to Shoot the Mac 10 , with Grandmaster Melle Mel rapping. ref Allmusic class album id r209990 pure url yes Telecommunication Breakdown > Overview . Allmusic . Retrieved December 16, 2009. ref Track listing Search 0 59 Electronic Behavior Control System 4 33 Go To 0 12 Sexual Orientation 3 06 Station Identification 4 40 Get Down Ver. 2.2 3 45 Shoot the Mac 10 4 03 You Have 5 Seconds to Complete This Section 3 06 Super Zen State Power Chant No.3 6 50 State Extension 1 15 Interruption 0 23 Dream Induction 3 20 Transition 0 06 Electronic Behavior Control System Ver. 2.0 2 24 We Must Have the Facts 3 05 Interference 0 14 3 7 8 3 43 Beginning of the End 2 45 Homicidal Schizophrenic A Lad Insane 4 08 End of Audio Program 0 45 Video Track listing Electronic Behavior Control System 5 33 3 7 8 3 42 Homicidal Schizophrenic A Lad Insane 4 17 References Reflist Category 1995 albums 1990s electronic album stub ... more details
Telecommunication is a song by A Flock of Seagulls from their debut album A Flock of Seagulls album A Flock of Seagulls , released in 1981. Although it did not chart on either the traditional United Kingdom or United States charts, it received considerable time on the dance charts. Citation needed date May 2010 The uptempo beat featuring power chords and heavy synth, along with the futuristic lyrics, has enabled the song to reach cult following cult status. Citation needed date May 2010 The song is noteworthy because the band eschewed the guitar laden choruses many songs of this period had e.g. power ballad , and instead relied on percussion arpeggios and multi layered sounds. The effect is not unlike what is known as the wall of sound effect, although unlike recordings of Phil Spector who expressed interest in the band, calling them phenomenal ref Phil Spector out of his head . R.Williams, P Spector 2003 ref , A Flock of Seagulls recorded in stereo . Lyrics The song details types of energy transmitted across time and space. The first line mentions ultraviolet..radio light..to your solar system... indicating someone or something is attempting to communicate across the galaxy. In astronomy, UV light is emitted by very hot objects. A motif in the bands lyrics is alien life forms with their debut album being essentially a rock opera about alien abduction and futuristic technology . ref Science fiction and consumption utopias . JA Fitchrtt, DA Fitchctt Science fiction and organization, 2001 ref The song also includes references to nuclear power nuclear energy and wireless communication , the latter not being in wide use until a decade after the song s release. References Reflist External links A Flock of Seagulls reviewed in 1982. http avaxhome.ws music rock progressive rock a flock of seagulls a flock of seagulls.html See also A Flock of Seagulls Wall of Sound Phil Spector New Wave music Alien Abduction Concept Album DEFAULTSORT Telecommunication Song Category A Flock of Seagulls ... more details
itudoc gs promo tsb 88192.pdf CCIT ITU T 50 Years of Excellence , International Telecommunication ... books?id Oxc7AAAAMAAJ&q Semaphore to Satellite,Published by the International Telecommunication Union, Geneva 1965&dq Semaphore to Satellite,Published by the International Telecommunication Union, Geneva 1965&ei XdL9SfrCIoOgNcChzLkK Semaphore to Satellite , International Telecommunication Union ... telegraph cable was completed on 27 July 1866, allowing transatlantic telecommunication for the first ... Outline of telecommunication References reflist Further reading Hilmes, Michele. Network Nations ... of California, Berkeley. http www.itu.int International Telecommunication Union http www.aronsson.se ... more details
In telecommunication , a drift is a comparatively long term change in an attribute, value, or operational parameter of a system or equipment. The drift should be characterized, such as diurnal frequency drift and output level drift. Drift is usually undesirable and unidirectional, but may be bidirectional, cyclic, or of such long term duration and low excursion rate as to be negligible. ref http www.its.bldrdoc.gov fs 1037 fs 1037c.htm Federal Standard 1037C ref Drift is also common in pseudo synchronised streaming applications, such as low latency audio streaming over TCP IP . Normally both ends of a streaming connection would stay in sync with a master clock but TCP IP does not provide this master clock mechanism. Therefore applications running fixed clocks will drift apart over time and glitch es will occur. This is usually fixed by controlling jitter or drift, by slightly altering the clock speed at one end of the connection. Drift can be removed from signals by signal combination. This strategy is used in optical and electrical systems such as optical tweezers . ref http rsi.aip.org resource 1 rsinak v82 i11 p115103 s1?isAuthorized no Mashaghi et al. Noise reduction by signal combination in Fourier space applied to drift correction in optical tweezers, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 115103 2011 ref References reflist MIL STD 188 See also Wander Clock drift Category Synchronization telecomm stub de Drift Nachrichtentechnik ... more details
In telecommunication s, transparency can refer to The property of an entity that allows another entity to pass through it without altering either of the entities. The property that allows a transmission system or channel communications channel to accept, at its input, unmodified user information , and deliver corresponding user information at its output , unchanged in form or information content. The user information may be changed internally within the transmission system, but it is restored to its original form prior to the output without the involvement of the user. The quality of a data communications system or device that uses a bit oriented link protocol that does not depend on the bit sequence structure used by the data source. ref FS1037C MS188 ref ref DODDIC ref Some communication systems are not transparent. Non transparent communication systems have one or both of the following problems user data may be incorrectly interpreted as internal commands. For example, modems with a Time Independent Escape Sequence or 20th century Signaling System No. 5 and R2 signalling telephone systems, which occasionally incorrectly interpreted user data from a blue box phreaking blue box as commands. the output user data may not always be the same as the input user data. For example, many early email systems were not 8 bit clean they seemed to transfer typical short text messages properly, but converted unusual characters the control characters, the high ASCII characters in an irreversible way into some other usual character. Many of these systems also changed user data in other irreversible ways &ndash such as inserting linefeeds to make sure each line is less than some maximum length, and inserting a at the beginning of every line that begins with From . ref http www.jwz.org doc content length.html Configuring Netscape Mail On Unix Why the Content Length Format is Bad by Jamie Zawinski 1997 ref Until 8BITMIME , a variety of binary to text encoding techniques have been overlaid ... more details
Other uses Terminal disambiguation refimprove date January 2011 In the context of telecommunication s, a terminal is a device which is capable of communicating over a line. Examples of terminals are telephone s, fax machine s, and network devices printers and workstations. The mobile data terminal mobile data terminal MDT is a device used in the field of telematics . Emulation of terminals by computer programs main terminal emulator Many computers use a serial access program to communicate with other computers via telephone line or serial device, thus emulating a computer terminal . HyperTerminal is a widely distributed terminal emulator . When the first Macintosh was released, a program called MacTerminal was used to communicate with many computers, including the IBM PC . Dec Terminal was one of the first Terminal programs for the popular Altair 8800 Altair . Modes further2 terminal intelligence Terminals can operate in various modes, relating to when they send input typed by the user on the keyboard to the receiving system whatever that may be character mode a.k.a. character at a time mode In this mode, typed input is sent immediately to the receiving system. sfn Bolthouse 1996 p 18 line mode a.k.a. line at a time mode In this mode, the terminal provides a local line editing function, and sends an entire input line, after it has been locally edited, when the user presses a keypress return key. sfn Bolthouse 1996 p 18 A so called line mode terminal operates solely in this mode. sfn Bangia 2010 p 324 block mode a.k.a. screen at a time mode In this mode, the terminal provides a local full screen data function. The user can enter input into multiple fields in a form on the screen defined to the terminal by the receiving system , moving the cursor around the screen using keys such as tab key keypress tab and the arrow key s and performing editing functions locally using insert key keypress insert , delete key keypress delete , backspace key keypress backspace and so forth ... more details
In telecommunication , an interchange circuit is a Telecommunicationcircuitcircuit that facilitates the exchange of data and Signalling telecommunication signaling information between data terminal equipment DTE and data circuit terminating equipment DCE . An interchange circuit can carry many types of signals and provide many types of service features, such as control signals, timing signals, and common return functions. References FS1037C telecomm term stub Category Communication circuits Category Telecommunications terms ... more details
In telecommunication , the term simplex circuit has the following meanings A Telecommunicationcircuitcircuit that provides transmission telecommunications transmission in one direction only. Deprecated definition A circuit using ground return and affording communication in either direction, but in only one direction at a time. The above two definitions are contradictory however, both are in common use. Because of this, the nature of the service specified by this term should always be verified. See also Simplex communication References FS1037C MS188 Category Communication circuits Category Telecommunications terms telecomm term stub ... more details
In telecommunication , circuit restoration is the process by which a communication s Telecommunicationcircuitcircuit is established between two users after disruption or loss of the original circuit. The loss may be widespread due to a natural disaster like an ice storm or hurricane , or local by being cut underground in construction or damaged in a thunderstorm or car accident . Circuit restoration is usually performed in accordance with planned Procedure term procedures and priorities. Restoration may be effected automatically, such as by switching to a hot spare hot standby , or manually, such as by manual patch cord patch ing. FS1037C Category Communication circuits telecom stub ... more details
In telecommunication , a cord circuit is a telephone switchboard switchboard Electronic circuitcircuit in which a plug terminated cord is used to establish connections manually between User telecommunications user lines or between trunks and user lines. A number of cord circuits are furnished as part of the switchboard position equipment. The cords may be referred to as front cord and rear cord or trunk cord and station cord. In modern cordless switchboards, the cord circuit function is switch operated and may be Computer program programmable . In early and middle 20th century telephone exchange s this task was done by a supervisory relay set known variously as Junctor Circuit or District Junctor . Later designs made it a function of the trunk circuit or absorbed it into software. See also Switched loop References FS1037C MS188 Category Telephony equipment telecommunications stub ... more details
A reference circuit is a hypothetical electric circuit of specified equivalent length and computer configuration configuration , and having a defined transmission characteristic or characteristics, used primarily as a reference for measuring the performance of other, i.e., real, circuits or as a guide for planning and engineering of circuits and networks. Normally, several types of reference circuits are defined, with different configurations, because Telecommunication communications are required over a wide range of distances. Another type of reference circuit shows how to configure integrated circuits into function blocks, which Analog Devices provides for electrical design engineers. Analog Devices Circuits from the Lab reference circuits are fully tested and come with the schematics, evaluation boards, and device drivers necessary for system integration. A group of related reference circuits is also called a reference system . References FS1037C MS188 See also netlist SPICE Category Electronic circuits ... more details
The Ethiopian Telecommunication Agency is the part of the Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian government which regulates the telecommunication sector of Ethiopia . Its objective is to promote the development of high quality, efficient, reliable and affordable telecommunication services in Ethiopia. It is accountable to the Ministry of Transport and Communication Ethiopia Ministry of Transport and Communication its current Director General is Engineer Balcha Reba . See also Communications in Ethiopia External links http www.eta.gov.et Ethiopian Telecommunication Agency website Ethiopia stub Category Telecommunications in Ethiopia ... more details
coord 49 30 24 N 9 6 54 E type landmark scale 5000 display title File Fernmeldeturm Reisenbach.jpg thumb Reisenbach Telecommunication Tower. Reisenbach Telecommunication Tower German designation Fernmeldeturm Reisenbach is among the tallest structures in the Northern parts of Baden W rttemberg . Only the two masts of Sender Donebach Donebach longwave transmitter are taller in the Mudau community. As the masts of Donebach transmitter, Reisenbach Telecommunication Tower is property of Deutsche Telekom AG . It is a concrete telecommunication tower from the FMT3 type. It is among the tallest standardised telecommunication towers Typenturm of the Deutsche Telekom AG. Reisenbach Telecommunication Tower was built in 1972. It is situated in the part Reisenbach of Mudau at Kirchstraase. It is used as directional radio tower and for transmitting the program of sunshine live on 100 kW with an ERP of 25 kW. See also List of towers External links http skyscraperpage.com diagrams ?b60558 Structurae id s0027764 title Reisenbach Transmission Tower Category Towers in Germany de Fernmeldeturm Reisenbach ... more details
In telecommunication and electrical engineering , a phantom circuit is an electrical circuit derived from suitably arranged wires with one or more conductive paths being a circuit in itself and at the same time acting as one conductor of another circuit. Phantom group Image Phantom 1.svg thumb 400px Phantom circuit derived from two subscriber circuits A phantom group is composed of three circuits that are derived from two single channel circuits to form a phantom circuit . Here the phantom circuit is a third circuit derived from two suitably arranged pairs of wires, called side circuits, with each pair of wires being a circuit in itself and at the same time acting as one conductor of the third circuit. The side circuits within phantom circuits can be coupled to their respective voltage drop ... side of the side circuits. Current from the phantom circuit is split evenly by the center taps. This cancels crosstalk from the phantom circuit to the side circuits. Image Phantom 2.svg thumb left 250px Diagram showing how the phantom currents red cancel in the transformer. Side circuit ... a phantom circuit from two other phantom circuits and so on up in a pyramid with a maximum 2n 1 circuits ... impractical. Isolation between the phantom circuit and the side circuits relies on accurate Balanced circuit balance of the line and transformers. Imperfect balance results in crosstalk between the phantom ... can be used for remotely controlling equipment. Carrier circuit phantoms From the 1950s ... was a popular method of deriving a high quality broadcast audio circuit. The multiplexed Frequency division .... Unloaded phantom is a phantom configuration of loaded lines a circuit fitted with loading coil s . The idea ... which is higher than this, for example to make a circuit suitable for use by a broadcaster ... leg of the circuit. They are both wound on a common core and the windings are so arranged that the magnetic ..., when the circuit is in the phantom configuration the currents in the two wires of each pair are in the same ... more details
No footnotes date June 2009 Circuit switching is a methodology of implementing a telecommunications network in which two network nodes establish a dedicated communications channel telecommunicationcircuitcircuit through the network before the nodes may communicate. The circuit guarantees the full bandwidth of the channel and remains connected for the duration of the communication session. The circuit functions as if the nodes were physically connected as with an electrical circuit. The defining example of a circuit switched network is the early analog telephone network . When a call is made from one telephone to another, switches within the telephone exchange s create a continuous wire circuit between the two telephones, for as long as the call lasts. Circuit switching contrasts with packet ..., resulting in the loss of the quality of service guarantees that are provided by circuit switching. In circuit ..., where packet queues may cause varying and potentially indefinitely long packet transfer delay s. No circuit ... the circuit is released and a new connection is set up. Even if no actual communication is taking place, the channel remains reserved and protected from competing users. Virtual circuit switching is a packet switching technology that emulates circuit switching, in the sense that the connection is established before any packets are transferred, and packets are delivered in order. While circuit switching ... Signalling telecommunication signalling channel from the end node to the network. ISDN is one such service ... the actual circuit data. Early telephone exchanges are a suitable example of circuit switching ... were in fact not talking and the line was silent. Compared to datagram packet switching Circuit ... calls. In circuit switching, and virtual circuit switching, a route and bandwidth is reserved from source to destination. Circuit switching can be relatively inefficient because capacity is guaranteed ... a circuit to be established and allow many pairs of nodes to communicate concurrently over the same ... more details
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