technical date October 2011 context date October 2011 Teleconnection in atmospheric science refers to climate anomalies being related to each other at large distances typically thousands of kilometers . The most emblematic teleconnection is that linking sea level pressure at Tahiti and Darwin, Australia , which defines the Southern Oscillation . History Teleconnections were first noted by the British meteorologist Sir Gilbert Walker in the late 19th century, through computation of the correlation between time series of atmospheric pressure , temperature and rainfall. They served as a building block for the understanding of climate variability, by showing that the latter was not purely random . Indeed, the term El Ni o Southern Oscillation ENSO is an implicit acknowledgment that the phenomenon underlies variability in several locations at once. It was later noticed that associated teleconnections occurred all over North America, as embodied by the Pacific North American teleconnection pattern . In the 1980s, improved observations allowed to detect teleconnections at larger distances throughout the troposphere . ref Wallace, J.M., and D.S. Gutzler, 1981 Teleconnections in the Geopotential Height Field during the Northern Hemisphere Winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784 812. ref Concomitantly, the theory emerged that such patterns could be understood through the dispersion of Rossby waves due to the spherical geometry of the Earth. ref Hoskins, B.J., and D.J. Karoly, 1981 The Steady Linear Response of a Spherical Atmosphere to Thermal and Orographic Forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1179 ... invalidated when it was discovered that actual teleconnection patterns were nearly insensitive to the location ... Propagation and Instability, and Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1363 1392 ... of teleconnection between tropical oceans and midlatitude regions is symmetric along latitude circles ... of El Ni o over the past 148 years, Nature. 2004 Apr 15 428 6984 733 6 ref knowledge of teleconnection ... more details
The Pacific North American teleconnection pattern PNA is a climate climatological term for a large scale weather pattern with two modes, denoted positive and negative, and which relates the atmosphere atmospheric circulation pattern over the North Pacific Ocean with the one over the North America n continent. The positive phase of the PNA pattern features above average barometric pressure heights in the vicinity of Hawaii and over the intermountain region of North America , and below average heights located south of the Aleutian Islands and over the southeastern United States . The PNA pattern is associated with strong fluctuations in the strength and location of the East Asian jet stream. The positive phase is associated with an enhanced East Asian jet stream and with an eastward shift in the jet exit region toward the western United States. The negative phase is associated with a westward retraction of that jet stream toward eastern Asia, blocking activity over the high latitudes of the North pacific, and a strong split flow configuration over the central North Pacific. The positive phase of the PNA pattern is associated with above average temperatures over western Canada and the extreme western United States, and below average temperatures across the south central and southeastern U.S. The PNA tends to have little impact on surface temperature variability over North America during summer. The associated precipitation anomalies include above average totals in the Gulf of Alaska extending into the Pacific Northwestern United States, and below average totals over the upper Midwestern United States. The negative PNA phase is associated with the opposite. Although the PNA pattern is a natural internal mode of climate variability, it is also strongly influenced by the El Ni o Southern Oscillation ENSO phenomenon. The positive phase of the PNA pattern tends to be associated ... episodes La Ni a . See also Teleconnection Arctic dipole anomaly Arctic oscillation El Ni o Southern ... more details
The Pacific decadal oscillation The Pacific North American teleconnection pattern The Quasi biennial oscillation See also Climate change Global warming Teleconnection References reflist Further reading ... more details
for the deceased Russian hockey player by the nickname Siberian Express Alexei Cherepanov Siberian Express is a shorthand meteorological term in the United States describing the arrival of an extremely cold air mass of Arctic origins. It does not necessarily refer to an origin in Siberia . The term is most commonly employed by the news media when such a frigid air mass moves into areas where it is relatively unusual, such as the Deep South or East Coast of the United States Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Meteorologically, it is typically associated with a phenomenon called the Pacific North American teleconnection pattern PNA . References http www.gi.alaska.edu ScienceForum ASF8 860.html Hawaiian Siberian Express http www.northconwayweather.com articles article s2.htm The Siberian Express See also Siberian High Cold wave Cold front Pineapple Express Pacific Organized Track System Category Anticyclones Category Weather Category Siberia Category Weather events in the United States Climate stub eu Siberiar hotz bolada ... more details
Dablink Not to be confused with NP0 ends in a zero , a capacitor dielectric material. NPO may refer to Non profit organization Nil per os , Latin for nothing by mouth , a medical instruction to withhold oral intake of food and fluids from a patient NP optimization problem , optimization problems that are NP hard North Pacific Oscillation , an atmospheric teleconnection pattern Britain National Preservation Office , part of the British Library NPO UK Ltd., a company which had stationery and book shops around Northern Ireland, bought by and rebranded Eason & Son N.I. Ltd. Netherlands Netherlands Public Broadcasting lang nl Nederlandse Publieke Omroep Netherlands Pathfinder Organisation lang nl Nederlandse Padvinders Organisatie , one of the organisations that evolved into Scouting Nederland , the national Scouting organisation of the Netherlands Pakistan Shehri Ijtamai Taraqiati Council SHATAC Public organisation Russia Nauchno Proizvodstvennoye Obyedineniye , Russian for Scientific and Production Establishment , often found in the names of successors to the Experimental Design Bureaux OKB of Communist times disambig de NPO eo NPO fr NPO ko NPO it NPO nl NPO ja NPO ru ... more details
NOTOC PNA or Pna has a variety of meanings Science and Engineering abbreviation for orchid genus Paphinia 4 Nitroaniline chromogenic substrate, also known as para Nitroaniline Parisiensia Nomina Anatomica the revision of anatomic nomenclature. Peanut agglutinin , a lectin specific for Gal 1 3 GalNAc Peptide nucleic acid , an artificially synthesized polymer similar to DNA or RNA. Section modulus Plastic section modulus Plastic neutral axis , an engineering value for plastic material. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, more commonly Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon s PAHs Programmable Network analyzer electrical Protected Natural Area Organizations Pakistan National Alliance Palestinian National Authority , an administrative autonomous government in parts of the West Bank Partido Nueva Alianza , the Spanish name for the New Alliance Party Mexico Parties to the Nauru Agreement Pennsylvania Newspaper Association Philippine Nurses Association Polish National Alliance Prefectura Naval Argentina , the Spanish name for the Argentine Naval Prefecture Computing HomePNA , a home computer networking standard Personal Navigation Assistant PNA Health Ingrown nail Nail avulsion Partial Nail Avulsion , a treatment of ingrown toenails. Pneumonia , an infection of the lungs. Other Pacific Northern Airlines Pacific North American teleconnection pattern Pamplona Airport Philippines News Agency Pre Nuptial Agreement , a marriage contract wiktionary PNA disambig de PNA es PNA fa PNA fr PNA it PNA pl PNA ujednoznacznienie ru PNA ... more details
Image North Pacific Oscillation.png thumb 250px right The NPO pattern. The North Pacific Oscillation NPO is a teleconnection pattern first described by Walker and Bliss ref name Walker 1932 cite journal last Walker first Gilbert T. authorlink coauthors E.W. Bliss year 1932 month title World weather V journal Memoirs of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 4 issue pages 53&ndash 84 doi url http www.rmets.org pdf ww5.pdf accessdate 2010 10 09 quote pmid ref and characterized by a north south seesaw in sea level pressure over the North Pacific Ocean Pacific . br Rogers, using surface atmospheric temperature from St. Paul, Alaska and Edmonton , identified two phases of the NPO, an Aleutian low Aleutian below AB phase that correspond to a deepened and eastward shifted Aleutian low and an Aleutian above AA phase that is the opposite. ref name Rogers 1981 cite journal last Rogers first Jeffery C. authorlink coauthors year 1981 month title The North Pacific Oscillation journal International Journal of Climatology volume 1 issue 1 pages 39&ndash 57 doi 10.1002 joc.3370010106 url accessdate 2010 10 09 quote pmid ref During the positive AB phase sea level pressure is enhanced over a large region in the subtropics that extend poleward to 40N and reduced at higher latitudes, westerlies are enhanced over the central Pacific and winter temperature are mild along much of the North America west coast but cooler than usual over Eastern Siberia and the United States South West, precipitations are higher than usual over Alaska and the Great Plains. ref name Linkin 2008 cite journal last Linkin first Megan E. authorlink coauthors Sumant Nigam year 2008 month title The North Pacific Oscillation West Pacific Teleconnection Pattern Mature Phase Structure and Winter Impacts journal Journal of Climate volume 21 issue 9 pages 1979&ndash 1997 doi 10.1175 2007JCLI2048.1 url http journals.ametsoc.org doi abs 10.1175 2007JCLI2048.1 accessdate 2010 10 09 quote pmid ref br The North Pacific Gyre ... more details
The Arctic dipole anomaly is a pressure pattern characterized by high pressure on the arctic regions of North America, and a low pressure on the Eurasia region. ref name nsidc2010july cite web title nsidc url http nsidc.org arcticseaicenews 2010 070610.html work 6 July 2010 update ref This pattern sometimes replaces the Arctic oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation . ref name wudec2009 cite web last Masters first Jeff title The climate is changing the Arctic Dipole emerges url http www.wunderground.com blog JeffMasters comment.html?entrynum 1398 work Weather Underground publisher Jeff Masters WunderBlog accessdate 18 November 2010 ref It was observed for the first time in the first decade of 2000s and is perhaps linked to recent global warming climate change . ref cite journal last Zhang first Xiangdong coauthors Asgeir Sorteberg, Zhang Jing, R diger Gerdes and Josefino C. Comiso title Recent radical shifts of atmospheric circulations and rapid changes in Arctic climate system journal Geophysical Research Letters date 18 November 2008 volume 35 issue L22701 pages 7 doi 10.1029 2008GL035607 url http www.agu.org pubs crossref 2008 2008GL035607.shtml accessdate 18 November 2010 bibcode 2008GeoRL..3522701Z ref The Arctic dipole lets more southern winds into the Arctic ocean resulting in more Arctic shrinkage ice melting . ref name nsidc2010july The summer 2007 event played a big role in the record low sea ice extent which was recorded in September. ref name wudec2009 The Arctic dipole has also been linked to changes in arctic circulation patterns that cause drier winters in Northern Europe, but much wetter winters in Southern Europe and colder winters in East Asia, Europe and the eastern half of North America. ref name wudec2009 See also Abrupt climate change Arctic oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Beaufort Gyre Climate of Europe Gulf Stream Indian Ocean Dipole North Atlantic Oscillation Pacific Decadal Oscillation Pacific North American teleconnect ... more details
affect Atmospheric circulation large scale circulation over other areas of the globe known as teleconnection ... and the North Atlantic Oscillation are also evident, but mainly during the winter season. Teleconnection ... on a regional basis. Furthermore, there is little consensus regarding future changes to teleconnection ... more details
waves forms at preferred locations both in the North and South Pacific Ocean and the teleconnection ... also California Current Hadley cell Pacific North American teleconnection pattern North Atlantic Oscillation ... more details
About the weather phenomenon For the current tornado season Tornadoes of time Y pp semi vandalism small yes Image Dszpics1.jpg thumb 300px A tornado near Anadarko, Oklahoma . The funnel is the thin tube reaching from the cloud to the ground. The lower part of this tornado is surrounded by a transparency optics translucent dust cloud, kicked up by the tornado s strong winds at the surface. The wind of the tornado has a much wider radius than the funnel itself. Weather A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud . They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones , ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary cyclone merriam webster.com ref although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure area low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible funnel cloud condensation funnel , whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust . Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than convert 110 mph km h sigfig 3 , are about convert 250 ft 0 across, and travel a few miles several kilometers before dissipating. The 1999 Bridge Creek Moore tornado most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than convert 300 mph km h sigfig 3 , stretch more than convert spell 2 mi km across, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles more than 100 km . ref name fastest wind cite web url http cswr.org dow DOW.htm title Doppler On Wheels accessdate 2009 12 13 author Wurman, Joshua publisher Center for Severe Weather Research date 2008 08 29 ref ref name widest tornado cite web url http www.crh.noaa.gov oax archive hallam hallam.php title Hallam Nebraska Tornado accessdate 2009 11 15 work National Weather Service publisher National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration date 2005 10 02 ref ref name SPC FAQ cite ... more details
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