Refimprove date June 2011 Image JT Switchboard 770x540.jpg thumb 200px PBX switchboard, 1975 A switchboard also called a manual exchange was a device used to connect a group of telephone s manually to one another or to an outside connection, within and between telephone exchange s or private branch exchange s PBXs . The user was typically known as an telephone operator operator . Public manual exchanges ... s as manual branch exchange s. The electromechanical automatic telephone exchange , invented by Almon Strowger in 1888, gradually replaced manual switchboards in central telephone exchanges. Manual ... operator works a switchboard in the underground command post at Strategic Air Command headquarters, Offutt Air Force Base , Nebraska in 1967. The switchboard is usually designed to accommodate the operator ... designated and wired as a local extension of the switchboard which serves an individual subscriber ... cord pair. The rear key on older manual boards and PBXs is used to physically ring a telephone ... pulls down a cord, a pulley weight behind the switchboard pulls it down to prevent it from tangling ... thumb 200px Telephone Operator, circa 1900. The first telephones in the 1870s were rented in pairs which ... more advantageous than in telegraphy . Small towns typically had the switchboard installed in the operator s home so that she could answer calls on a 24 hour basis. In 1894, New England Telephone and Telegraph installed the first battery electricity battery operated switchboard on January 9 in Lexington ... number of lines, and Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company Milo G. Kellogg devised the Divided Multiple Switchboard for operators to work together, with a team on the A board and another .... Cord switchboards were often referred to as cordboards by telephone company personnel. Conversion .... In many cases, customers came to know their operator by name. As telephone exchanges converted to automatic ... throughout the NPA. TSPS allowed telephone companies to close smaller toll centers and consolidate ... more details
Wiktionary The term switchboard , when used by itself, may refer to Telephoneswitchboard Electric switchboard Printed circuit board Mixing console In computing, Switch board framework Switchboard of Miami , a nonprofit organization offering hotline, informational and referral services in Miami, Florida. disambig ... more details
Infobox Organization name Switchboard of Miami, Inc. image image msize mcaption motto Help, Anytime. Always ... Penrod key people num staff budget Website http www.switchboardmiami.org SwitchboardMiami.org Switchboard of Miami, Inc. , commonly referred to as Switchboard , is a Privately held company private , non ... telephone counseling and referral services to thousands of social service program s. Crisis ... , AIRS . 24 May 2010 ref Partnerships Switchboard is partnered with other organizations to receive ... The Children s Trust . Switchboard answers the 2 1 1 hotline in Miami, which is funded ..., Drug abuse drug and alcohol abuse , domestic violence , teen pregnancy and more. Switchboard is also ... people call the HELPline, which is accessed at 305 358 HELP 4357 . Services offered by Switchboard ... United States in English. ref http greatnonprofits.org reviews profile2 switchboard of miami inc Switchboard of Miami Public Profile , GreatNonProfits.org . 21 May 2010 ref In addition to the 2 ... CallForHelp tabid 54 Default.aspx List of Hotlines Available , Switchboard of Miami . 24 May 2010 ref designed to target specific needs in the community. Switchboard is part of the network ... Never Alone Program SNAP is a telephone reassurance program for individuals 65 years of age and older ... Dade County Public Schools to offer telephone support, follow up and emergency response. The Florida ... veterans and their families. Local media exposure Switchboard has earned exposure on many news outlets ... Herald ref http www.miamiherald.com 2010 07 22 1743293 switchboard of miami a lifeline.html Switchboard of Miami a lifeline for many needs , Miami Herald , July 23, 2010. 27 July 2010 ref and the Miami ... to access a helpline answered by Switchboard, providing help in order to fill the needs of those featured in the segment. Company information History In 1968, Switchboard of Miami began as a hotline ..., the volunteers incorporated to become Switchboard of Miami, Inc. and expanded their hotline services ... more details
. Each jack had a light above it that lit when the telephone receiver was lifted the earliest ... direct distance dialing Direct Dial DDD calling, switchboard operators would work with their counterparts ... Program Control exchange computerized telephone dialing systems, many telephone call s which previously ... intervention. Before the advent of telephone exchange automatic exchanges , an operator s assistance ... more sophisticated, less direct intervention by the telephone operator was necessary to complete ... exchange s to answer incoming telephone call s and connect them to the correct extension telephone ... service . Experienced, well trained operators generally command a higher salary. File Telephone operators, 1952.jpg thumb Telephone operators, 1952 A note in the United States of America, any switchboard operator employed by an independently owned public telephone company which has not more than ... Willard Croy became the world s first telephone operator when he started working for the Boston Telephone ...&lpg PA696&dq 22emma nutt 22 telephone operator&source bl&ots kKYQAmoXhW&sig GEOi4yd 4NQnw3T4cb2mtOkBNRY ... 2002 , p. 696 ref Emma Nutt became the world s first female telephone operator on 1 September 1878 when she started working for the Boston Telephone Despatch company , because the attitude and behaviour ... 125 Years of Telephone Operators, Personal Service, Michigan, San Antonio, Texas, October 31, 2003 ... every number in the telephone directory of the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company New England Telephone Company . ref name Google Books See also Attendant console Private branch exchange TelephoneswitchboardTelephone operator References reflist External links commons category Telephone operators http pbskids.org wayback tech1900 phone.html Early telephone operators Telecommunications ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image LV switchboard.jpg right lectric switchboard An electric switchboard is a device that directs electricity from one source to another. It is an assembly of panels, each of which contains switch es that allow electricity to be redirected. The U.S. National Electrical Code NEC defines a switchboard as a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted, on the face, back, or both, switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and usually instruments. The role of a switchboard is to divide the main current provided to the switchboard into smaller currents for further distribution and to provide switching, current protection and metering for these various currents. In general, switchboards distribute power to transformers, panelboards, control equipment, and ultimately to system loads. The operator is protected from electric shock electrocution by safety switches and fuse electrical fuses . There can also be controls for the supply of electricity to the switchboard, coming from a generator or bank of electrical generator s, especially frequency control of AC power and load sharing controls, plus gauges showing frequency and perhaps a synchroscope . The amount of power going into a switchboard must always equal to the power going out to the loads. Inside the switchboard there is a bank of busbar s , flat strips of copper or aluminum, to which the switchgear is connected. These carry large current electricity current s through the switchboard, and are supported by insulators. Bare busbars are common .... The metal enclosure of the switchboard is bonded to earth ground for protection of personnel. Large ... at either the top or bottom of the enclosure. A switchboard may have incoming bus bars or bus duct for the source connection, and also for large circuits fed from the board. A switchboard may include ... Switchboard Category Electrical components Category Switches Tech stub de Schaltschrank nl Schakelbord ... more details
label subsidiary name Faulty Products signed the Human Switchboard to what was to become their only ... band. Human Switchboard also had become a resident fixture at New York s Danceteria night club ... 1983. The Switchboard would setup up on the stage of CBGBs during the afternoons and recorded a series ... Switchboard finally broke up in the spring of 1985. Discography EPs and Singles 1977 Human Switchboard ... disc 7 Albums 1980 Human Switchboard Live Square Records 1981 Who s Landing in My Hangar? Faulty Products ... artist id p4526 pure url yes Allmusic http www.trouserpress.com entry.php?a human switchboard Trouser ... more details
File London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard banner at Pride London 2010.jpg thumb London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard group at Pride London 2010. The London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard is the oldest LGBT gay and lesbian telephone help line in the UK, based in London . LLGS was founded in March 1974, providing help and information to London s gay community. Since then it has expanded considerably, talking to more than 30.000 callers each year. Today, LLGS, or Switchboard as it is affectionately known, provides a listening service for people to discuss their feelings in an impartial and non judgemental way, as well as providing information and advice for going out in London and the UK. LLGS also operates an internet database of gay organisations in the UK known as queery. In 2008, LLGS won The Queen s Award for Voluntary Service . The organisation was invited and accepted to go to Buckingham Palace to collect this award. See also London Friend External links http www.llgs.org.uk London Lesbian & Gay Switchboard homepage http www.queery.org.uk London Queery homepage LGBT culture yes DEFAULTSORT London Lesbian And Gay Switchboard Category LGBT organisations in the United Kingdom Category Charities based in London Category Winners of the Queen s Award for Voluntary Service Category LGBT culture in London LGBT org stub ... more details
Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company was a major manufacturer of telephone exchange equipment. It was founded ... Graham Bell s patent for the telephone expiring, Kellogg set up his own manufacturing firm, Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company. Kellogg himself held more than 150 patents, and he had invented and patented the Divided Multiple telephoneswitchboard . The new company manufactured the equipment as its flagship product. This switchboard offered greater flexibility and efficiency than earlier designs in handling large numbers of telephone subscribers at each urban exchange. ref name Dictionary Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Co., Dictionary of Leading Chicago Businesses 1820 2000 , 2005. ref Kellogg Switchboard & Supply primarily supplied local Independent telephone company independent telephone ... of Teamsters . Kellogg Switchboard & Supply was supported by the AT&T Bell Telephone Trust which at the time owned most of Kellogg Switchboard s stock , the Illinois Manufacturers Association , and the Employers Association of Greater Chicago Employers Association of Chicago . Kellogg Switchboard ... who supplied the Bell system , Automatic Electric who supplied General Telephone and Stromberg Carlson , it controlled the nation s supply of telephone equipment until after World War II . ref name ... plant and the BellSouth Southern Telephone and Telegraph Company . ref name Adams Adams and Butler ... s other large telephone equipment manufacturer, Stromberg Carlson . A bitter stockholder fight ... Court of Illinois Brown v. Cragg, case citation 230 Ill. 299 1907 and Dunbar v. American Telephone ... Inquiry, January 1989. ref 1903 strike In 1903, the Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company was the target ... the drivers back to work. ref Christensen v. Kellog Switchboard, case citation 110 Illinois App ... The ITT Corporation purchased a controlling interest in Kellogg Switchboard & Supply in 1951, rebranding ... in the 1950s was telephone manufacturer Federal Telephone & Radio. ref http www.radiomuseum.org ... more details
Menotti operas The Telephone, or L Amour trois is an English language comic opera in one act by Gian Carlo Menotti , both words and music. It was written for production by the Ballet Society and was first presented on a double bill with Menotti s The Medium at the Heckscher Theater, New York City, February 18 20, 1947. The Broadway theatre Broadway production took place on May 1, 1947, at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre . The Metropolitan Opera presented it once, on July 31, 1965. ref http www.ibdb.com production.asp?ID 1549 Internet Broadway Database The Telephone The Medium Production Credits Bot generated title ref Roles class wikitable Role Voice type Premiere Cast, February 18, 1947 br Conductor Jascha Zayde Lucy coloratura soprano Marilyn Cotlow Ben baritone Frank Rogier Synopsis Ben, bearing a gift, comes to visit Lucy at her apartment he wants to propose to her before he leaves on a trip. Despite his attempts to get her attention for sufficient time to ask his question, Lucy is occupied with interminable conversations on the telephone. Between her calls, when Lucy leaves the room, Ben even tries to cut the telephone cord unsuccessfully. Not wanting to miss his train, Ben leaves without asking Lucy for her hand in marriage. But Ben makes one last attempt He calls Lucy from a telephone booth outside on the street and makes his proposal. She consents, and the two join in a romantic duet over the phone line, at the end of which Lucy makes sure that Ben remembers her phone number. Recordings Film and video In 1968 a film of the opera was made for SFB ORF , in German. Anja Silja ... a performance of Francis Poulenc s La voix humaine , whose story also contains a telephone conversation. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Telephone, The Category Operas by Gian Carlo Menotti Category ... century operas Category Chamber operas de Das Telefon oder Die Liebe zu dritt es The Telephone, or L Amour trois it The Telephone, or L Amour trois pt The Telephone fi Puhelin ooppera ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Human Switchboard Live Type Live Album Artist Human Switchboard Cover Humanswitchboard live.jpg Released 1980 Recorded 1980 Genre New Wave music New Wave Length Label Square Two Producer Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r9623 pure url yes link small Last album This album Human Switchboard Live br 1980 Next album Who s Landing in My Hangar? br 1982 Human Switchboard Live was the first album by Human Switchboard . Track listing All songs written by Bob Pfeifer, except where noted. Side one I Can Walk Alone Bob Pfeifer Myrna Marcarian I Used To Believe in You City Sharpest Girl No Heart I Gotta Know Side two Book on Looks Time, Time, Time Who s Landing in My Hangar? Frowntown Tony Hatch New Song Personnel Robert Bob Pfeifer vocals, guitar Myrna Marcarian Farfisa organ, vocals Ron Metz drums Dave Schramm musician Dave Schramm bass http en.wikipedia.org wiki Human Switchboard Live Category 1980 live albums Human Switchboard Live Category Human Switchboard albums ... more details
notability Organizations date October 2011 Brighton & Hove LGBT Switchboard, Brighton & Hove s Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans Information, Support and Counselling Service is a United Kingdom British listening service, or hotline , for the LGBT communities based in Brighton . It has been in operation since April 1975. It receives over 5,000 calls a year and its website handles 80,000 visitors per year. External links http www.switchboard.org.uk brighton Brighton Lesbian & Gay Switchboard Category LGBT organisations in the United Kingdom LGBT org stub ... more details
located at 1830 Fell St in the city s Haight Ashbury district called the Switchboard . Its purpose was to act as a social switchboard for people living there. History In early 1966 the Diggers ... of his conceptual Switchboard . Al found willing assistants in George Darling and Danny to assist with his concept of a human switchboard. While he and the volunteers were doing this, the Human ... Ashbury skyrocketed bringing in more people with more work required to keep the Switchboard going ... to a tiny room next to the kitchen. The Switchboard attracted additional volunteers Ron Small and Kenny to assist with the many tasks the Switchboard wanted to accomplish. Social networking took a back seat to the more critical services required by the population explosion. In summary, the Switchboard ... article about the Switchboard and Community activities, Jul 26, 1968 ref to fill those needs ..., 1968 ref for the Switchboard The Switchboard is a volunteer service designed to facilitate communication ... of support. From June 1967 through September 1967, the Switchboard spent a great deal of its time resource ...&id WxAQAAAAIBAJ&sjid KYwDAAAAIBAJ&pg 901,6439662 Village Voice article about the Switchboard ... s . If requested, the Switchboard would contact the parents and pass on a message or tell ... in its infancy in 1967, it took many referrals from the Switchboard to provide http www.huckleberryyouth.org ... by the Switchboard. In the fall of 68, Hippie had long been declared dead and as the cold fog wisped ... would not issue a permit for the live music portion of the fair. The Switchboard and Happening .... Softball Games As a fund raising activity, the Switchboard formed a softball team In July 1967 there was a radio broadcast game between the Switchboard and the KNEW radio staff. A bevy of Playboy playmates were scheduled to participate and play an inning or two. While enough players from the Switchboard and KNEW showed up to play, no Playmates ever arrived at the game. In August 67, the Switchboard ... more details
Infobox Non profit Non profit name The National Runaway Switchboard Non profit logo Non profit type 24 hour federally designated national communications system founded date 1971 founder location Chicago origins key people Maureen Blaha, Executive Director area served United States and territories, including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam focus The National Runaway Switchboard provides education and solution focused interventions, offers non sectarian, non judgmental support, respects confidentiality, collaborates with volunteers, and responds to at risk youth and their families 24 hours a day. method free 24 hour services, expertise in all youth related issues and as an information clearinghouse of youth services. revenue endowment num volunteers 150 num employees 25 num members owner Non profit slogan Keeping America s runaway and at risk youth safe and off the streets homepage http www.1800runaway.org 1800RUNAWAY.org dissolved footnotes The National Runaway Switchboard NRS is the federally designated national communications system for Runaway dependent runaway and homeless youth , their parents and families, teens in crisis, and anyone else who might benefit from its services. It is confidential, anonymous, non judgmental, non directive, and free. The hotline number is 1 800 RUNAWAY. Calls are answered every day of the year, 24 hours a day. NRS answers well over 100,000 calls a year from all states and U.S. territories. In 2008, forty nine percent of the crisis calls were from youth. Half of the youths making crisis calls were on the street. Some of the problems ..., including guidance for what families should do if a child is missing. The switchboard calls are answered ... Bridges featured The National Runaway Switchboard in the music video of his Grammy award winning single ... call center and a short time later changed its name to National Runaway Switchboard. NRS was officially ... calls since its founding. External links http www.1800runaway.org National Runaway Switchboard Category ... more details
for the 1937 film Telephone Operator film Image JT Switchboard 770x540.jpg thumb A telephone operator at work on her private switchboard in 1975 A telephone operator is either a person who provides assistance to a telephone caller, usually in the placing of operator assisted telephone calls such as calls from a pay phone , collect call s called reversed charge calls in the United Kingdom UK , calls which are billed to a credit card , station to station and person to person call s, and certain List of country calling codes international call s which cannot be direct dial dialed directly . Further2 Switchboard operator a telephone company offering telephone service s to subscribers. For example, users of a mobile phone will register with a mobile phone operator to receive GSM services . Telecommunications Category Business and financial operations occupations Category Telephony bg de Telefonist es Telefonista eo Telefonisto id Operator telepon nl Telefoniste sv Telefonist zh ... more details
Infobox film name Love Affair, or the Case of the Missing Switchboard Operator italic title force image Love Affair, or the Case of the Missing Switchboard Operator FilmPoster.jpeg image size alt caption director Du an Makavejev producer writer Du an Makavejev br Branko Vu i evi starring Eva Ras br Slobodan Aligrudi music cinematography Aleksandar Petkovi editing Katarina Stojanovi studio Avala Film distributor released 1967 runtime 79 minutes country film Yugoslavia language Serbo Croatian budget gross Love Affair, or the Case of the Missing Switchboard Operator lang sh Ljubavni slu aj ili tragedija slu benice P.T.T. is a 1967 Cinema of Yugoslavia Yugoslav film directed by Du an Makavejev . Plot The film begins with a Sexology sexologist in his office, talking about the history of sex. Izabela Eva Ras , a Hungarian Telephoneswitchboardswitchboard operator , meets and falls in love with a Sand ak Muslim sanitation inspector named Ahmed Slobodan Aligrudi , who soon moves into her apartment and has a bathtub installed. The film then cuts away to a police investigation of the death of a young woman by drowning. Ahmed goes away on business for a month. During his absence, Izabela finally gives in to a persistently amorous postman. When Ahmed returns, he finds Izabela different, less loving. She has found out she is pregnant. He gets very drunk, and when Isabella chases after him to keep him from harm, he threatens to commit suicide by jumping into an underground vat of water. However, Ahmed ends up accidentally pushing Izabela in instead, killing her. He goes into hiding, but is arrested by the police for murder. The film concludes with a scene of Ahmed and Izabela walking down a staircase. Analysis The plot of this typical film noire ref See, e.g., Biesen 2005 , p. 1 Hirsch 2001 , p. 9 Lyons 2001 , p. 2 Silver and Ward 1992 , p. 1 Schatz 1981 , p. 112. Outside the field ... 30273 Du an Makavejev DEFAULTSORT Love Affair, Or The Case Of The Missing Switchboard Operator Category ... more details
Infobox Defunct Company company name The Woodbury Telephone Company company logo Image with inadequate rationale removed Image AT&T logo horizontal .svg 150px AT&T logo fate Dissolved successor Southern New England Telephone foundation 1870 defunct 2007 location Woodbury, CT , United States U.S. industry Telecommunications key people products Plain old telephone service Local Telephone Service num employees parent Southern New England Telephone SNET 1997 2007 subsid The Woodbury Telephone Company was a telephone company serving Woodbury, Connecticut Woodbury , Southbury, Connecticut Southbury and Bethlehem, Connecticut . It is now owned by AT&T . Woodbury Telephone was acquired by Southern New England Telecommunications in 1997 ref http doddcenter.uconn.edu findaids SNET MSS19970122.html ref , approximately one year later SNET merged with SBC Communications . It continued as a separate operating company of Southern New England Telephone and at the time of its merger was the 75th largest independent telephone carrier in the United States. ref http articles.courant.com 1992 09 28 business 0000111966 1 local telephonetelephone companies woodbury telephone ref On June 1, 2007, the company was dissolved and merged all assets and operations into Southern New England Telephone . At the time of the merger the company had 19,000 lines. ref http articles.courant.com 1996 10 23 business 9610230018 1 snet woodbury s president woodbury telephone ref History Woodbury Telephone began operation ... Station via the telephone. The company grew modestly and was incorporated in 1910 with Arthur D. Warner as its first President. The company continued in operation and upgraded from a manual switchboard ... introduced internet service with broadband access. Other historical notes Woodbury Telephone was the only local telephone operating company SBC AT&T owned that had no roots in the original AT&T or Alexander Graham Bell . There were five other independent telephone companies that served parts of Connecticut ... more details
An extension telephone is an additional telephone wired to the same telephone line as another. In middle 20th century telephone jargon, the first telephone on a line was a Main Station and subsequent ones Extensions . Such extension phones allow making or receiving calls in different rooms, for example in a home. Some telephones intended for use as extensions have built in intercom features. A telephone extension is an internal telephone line attached to a Private branch exchange PBX or Centrex system. The PBX operates much as a community switchboard does for a geographic telephone numbering plan and allows multiple lines inside the office to connect without each phone requiring a separate outside line. In these systems, a dialer usually has to dial a number typically 9 in North America, 0 in Europe to tell the PBX to connect with a landline also called DDCO, or em Direct Dial Central Office em to dial an external number. Within the PBX, the user merely dials the extension number of the person. Each phone line may be extended up to a fixed maximum. Reasons to use extensions Since not all users dial out at the same time, sharing trunking trunk lines is cheaper than giving each phone its own private landline. ref Newton, H Newton s telecom dictionary , page 901. CMP books, 2004 ref Extension to extension calls can be made and kept within the company for security reasons. Extensions make it easier for workers to bring their telephone number with them if they change offices in the building. Extensions allow personalized traffic and Call accounting data to be captured by the PBX or a phone recorder to be used to optimize resources. ref http www.versadial.com call recording terms.html extension Extension Call recording terms ref References references Category Telephony equipment Category Local loop de Nebenstelle nl Doorkiesnummer pt Ramal telefonia ... more details
mergeto Magneto date July 2011 File Ericsson Taxen 2 .jpg thumb upright Ericsson Dachshund telephone instrument of 1892 other uses Magneto disambiguation A magneto is an electrical generator that uses magnet permanent magnet s to produce alternating current. Owing to their simplicity and reliability, they were widely used in early telephone systems. Telegraphy Telegraphy pre dated telephony and magnetos were used to drive some of the early printing telegraph instruments. Manual telegraphy with telegraph key key s and reception by either a needle telegraph needle instrument or a syphon recorder could be powered by batteries. With the development of automatic and printing instruments such as the Wheatstone ABC telegraph , these required greater currents. ref name Kennedy, Electrical Installations, 1903, Automatic telegraphs cite book series Electrical Installations title Syphon Recorders year .... Telephony File Telephone magneto from beneath.jpg thumb Telephone magneto, from beneath, showing the armature inset, left and the horseshoe field magnets Many early manual telephone s had a hand ... lines served by small manual exchanges, which were not common battery . The telephone instrument ... 1900, large racks of motor generator set s in the telephone exchange supplied this ringing current instead ... of the magneto armature. Telephone magnetos also incorporate a switch that only engages when rotating ... telephone network PSTN was as late as the 1980s, where they were still used with PMBX Private Manual Branch Exchange, a small business switchboard, worked by operators . Rather than providing ... maintenance, a hand magneto was used. Unlike the public telephone network and its standard ringing ... ringing local extensions, some switchboard operators used local codes of ringing to indicate internal .... These lasted into the 1980s. See also Commons cat Magnetos telephone Magneto ringer box References reflist DEFAULTSORT Magneto telephone Category Electrical generators Category Early telephones Category ... more details
the first telephone central office in New York State 1878 At first, the benefits of a switchboard ... speak into and then listen through the same hole. File Telephone Centennial Issue 1976 13c.jpg thumb right 240px center Bell s Prototype Telephone center center Centennial Issue of 1976 center This history of the telephone timeline of the telephone chronicles the development of the telephone electrical telephone , and includes a brief review of its earlier predecessors. Telephone prehistory ... s telephone A different device, the tin can telephone , or lover s phone , has also been known for centuries ... The telephone emerged from the creation of, and successive improvements to the electrical telegraph ... to the invention of the telephone, or the speaking telegraph . Invention of the telephone main Invention of the telephone Credit for the invention of the electric telephone is frequently disputed ... credited with the telephone s invention. The early history of the telephone became and still remains ... and Edison patents, however, were commercially decisive, because they dominated telephone technology ... Meucci , 1854, constructed telephone like devices. Image JPReis.jpg Johann Philipp Reis , 1860, constructed ... Bell.jpg Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876. Image Portrait elisha gray.jpg Elisha Gray , 1876, designed a telephone using a water microphone in Highland Park, Illinois. Image Tivadar Puskas.jpg Tivadar Pusk s invented the telephone exchange telephoneswitchboard exchange in 1876. Image Thomas Edison, 1878.jpg Thomas Edison , invented the carbon microphone which produced a strong telephone signal. gallery center Alexander Graham Bell has most often been credited as the inventor of the first practical telephone. Additionally, the Italian ... for his contributory work on the telephone. In Germany, Johann Philipp Reis is seen as a leading telephone pioneer who stopped only just short of a successful device. However, the modern ... more details
the call is answered. Business phones Business in mid 20th century and earlier had a single telephone number for the main telephoneswitchboard of that business. A switchboard operator would connect ... service would be more profitable, with the invention of the telephoneswitchboard ...Globalize date September 2010 for the integer sequence Telephone number mathematics A telephone number or phone number is a sequence of digits used to call from one telephone line to another in a public switched telephone network . When telephone numbers were invented, they were short as few as one, two or three digits and were given orally to a switchboard operator . As phone systems have grown and interconnected to encompass the world, telephone numbers have become longer. In addition to telephone ... necessary to identify uniquely the intended endpoint for the telephone call . Each such endpoint must have a unique number within the public switched telephone network . Most countries use ... length of the telephone number. It is also possible for each subscriber to have a set of shorter ... translated to unique telephone numbers before the call can be connected. Some special services ... 2 being the Emergency telephone number Emergency Services numbers for China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan ... such as 550 1212 , which is the local number. Most telephone networks today are interconnected in the international telephone network, where the format of telephone numbers is standardized by ITU ... telephone exchange . ITU T recommendation E.123 describes how to represent an international telephone ... overseen by NeuStar Inc. . Before a telephone call is connected, the telephone number must be dial ... back to the switchboard. With voicemail and more technology, businesses now use Direct Inward ... person in a business. Often, the DID number uses a pattern from the called party s telephone internal ... a large array of internal telephone numbers this is used for the potential of reaching others in the same ... more details
Image Genevieve Clark Bain.jpeg thumb 250px A U.S. candlestick telephone in use, circa 1915. The candlestick telephone is a style of telephone that was common from the late 1890s to the 1930s. History Also known as a desk stand , upright , or a stick phone , it came with or without a rotary dial , and with a ringer box . The first tube shaft candlestick phone was the Western Electric 20B Desk Phone patented in 1904. ref http www.antiquetelephonehistory.com we20b.html ref The main producers of these phones were Western Electric AT&T , Automatic Electric Co. GTE , Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company Kellogg , and Stromberg Carlson . The candlestick phones made by Western Electric were superseded by the Model 102 telephone in 1927. Citation needed date November 2009 Several retro versions of the candlestick telephone were made long after the original phones were obsolete . The Crosley Radio company makes a 21st century version with push button operation. ref http www.crosleyradio.com Crosley Radio web site ref There are other companies including PHONECO inc. that sells original, restored, and reproductions. ref http www.phonecoinc.com category.asp?map 4&hhrl home&group main&gorl group&category Candle ref The Ericofon , or Cobra Phone is a plastic one piece telephone, in the candlestick upright style, created by the Ericsson Company and marketed throughout the second half of the 20th century. It was the first commercially marketed telephone design to incorporate the dial and headset into a single unit. Because of its styling, and influence on future telephone design, the Ericofon is considered one of the most significant industrial designs of the 20th century and is in the collection of Museum of Modern Art . ref http www.ericofon.com reading industrial.htm. ref Accessories The Hush A Phone was like a mini megaphone created in 1920 ref http www.uh.edu engines epi1222.htm ref for slipping over the candlestick phone. ref http www.sandman.com telhist.html ref gallery Image ... more details
refimprove date March 2010 Image JT Switchboard 770x540.jpg thumb 250px A telephone operator manually connecting calls with cord pairs at a telephoneswitchboard. In the field of telecommunications , a telephone exchange or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects telephone ... hundred Telephoneswitchboard plug boards staffed by telephone operator s. Each operator sat in front ... the call by plugging into the jack on the Telephoneswitchboardswitchboard corresponding to the called ... telephoneswitchboard in 1881 http www.adslgeek.com dslforum index.php?topic 207.0 A Telecom ... telephone switches, which make telephone call s work in the sense of making connections and relaying ... on individual telephone number s by local number portability due to customers porting a cancelled landline to a wireless . It is sometimes confused with the Telephone numbering plan Area code area code Telephone numbering plan Area code NPA , which covers multiple exchanges, and which an exchange ... thumb 250px Tivadar Pusk s , inventor of the telephone exchange. File HungarianTelekomMiskolc01.jpg thumb 250px Exchange in Miskolc, Hungary Prior to the telephone, electrical switches were used to switch telegraph lines. One of the first people to build a telephone exchange was Hungary Hungarian ... ref George W. Coy designed and built the first commercial telephone exchange which opened in New Haven, Connecticut in January, 1878. The switchboard was built from carriage bolts, handles from teapot ... nhl DOE dedesignations Telephone.htm National Park Service first switchboard page . ref Charles Glidden ... the earliest telephone exchanges were based in London and Manchester , both of which opened under ... information and communications.htm toc 6 ref Belgium had its first International Bell Telephone ..., each of which was the local termination of a subscriber s telephone line . In front of the jack panel ... Telephones, The Switchboard ringdown is near bottom last Calvert first J. B. date 2003 09 07 accessdate ... more details
Doughty , Bell Labs 1983 last manual telephoneswitchboard in Maine is retired 1984 American Telephone ...Below is a timeline of the telephone that covers many important dates in the history of the telephone ... Newton Vail 1844 Innocenzo Manzetti The first mooted the idea of a speaking telegraph telephone . 1849 ... telephone, but is said to involve direct transmission of electricity into the user s body. 1854 Charles Bourseul publishes a description of a make break telephone transmitter ... feet, see Reis telephone . Reis used his Telephone the word also invented by Reis to transmit his ..., pages 16 18 ref for a Sound Telegraph, but it does not describe an electromagnetic telephone. 1872 ... Reis s telephone in New York. July 1873 Thomas Edison notes variable resistance in carbon grains due ... instruments. 1 July 1875 Bell uses a bi directional gallows telephone that was able to transmit ... 1876 Elisha Gray invents Water microphone liquid transmitter for use with a telephone, but does not build ... Gray s patent caveat caveat for the telephone. A caveat was like a patent application without ... 11 30am Bell s lawyer brings to the same patent office Bell s patent application for the telephone ... A. 1975. Elisha Gray and the Telephone On the Disadvantages of Being an Expert. Technology and Culture 16 2 133 161. ref 7 March 1876 Bell s US patent No. 174,465 for the telephone is granted. 10 March .... 10 August 1876 Alexander Graham Bell makes the world s first long distance telephone call, about 6 miles between Brantford and Paris, Ontario, Canada. 1876 Hungarian Tivadar Puskas invented the telephone exchange telephoneswitchboard exchange later working with Edison . 9 October 1876 Bell makes the first two way long distance telephone call between Cambridge and Boston, Massachusetts, USA. October ... No. 186,787 is granted for an electro magnetic telephone using permanent magnets, iron diaphragms ... two metal electrodes, an improvement on the Reis Telephone , and in April 1877 files a caveat of an invention ... more details
File Telephone keypad2.svg thumb right 200px A standard modern telephone keypad, as used for text messaging . A telephone keypad is a keypad that appears on a Touch Tone telephone . It was standardised when the dual tone multi frequency system in the new push button telephone was introduced in the 1960s ... blog index.php 2009 11 18 engineering education today in history blog bell telephone introduces push button telephone 2 Engineering Pathway Bell Telephone introduces push button telephone ... for four now defunct menu selector keys. When used to dial a telephone number, pressing a single ... functions. For example, in the UK, users can order a 7.30am alarm call from a British Telecom telephone ... system File Telephone keys.JPG right thumb A standard telephone keypad. 0 none in some telephones ... These letters have had several auxiliary uses. Originally, they referred to Telephone exchange names ... than numbers e.g. Telephone number US phone number history KL5 5445 . The Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom UK telephone numbering system used a similar two letter code after the initial zero to form ..., as a way of remembering telephone numbers easily. For example, an interior decorator might license ... are ignored by the switchboard. In recent times, the letters on the keys are needed ... for the mapping of letters characters to numbers keypad layouts, as with keyboard layout on telephone ... access to a telephone network Bot generated title ref . There is a standard that covers European languages ... key telephone keypad accessdate 2011 11 03 date 2003 10 29 url http webapp.etsi.org WorkProgram Report ... and assignments to the 12 key telephone keypad for European languages and other languages used in Europe ... and BlackBerry have full keyboards instead of the traditional telephone keypads, the user must execute ... on equipment for mobile use. See also Dual tone multi frequency Push button telephoneTelephone Mobile phone Keypad References reflist Category Telephony equipment Category Telephone numbers de Telefontastatur ... more details
Articles on Public telephone include Telephones Callbox Courtesy telephone Emergency telephone Payphone Police box Red telephone box Telephone booth Film Public Telephone film Public Telephone film , a 1980 French documentary film disambig ... more details
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