This is a compendium of temperatureconversion formulas and comparisons. Kelvin temperature K Celsius temperature C The simple approximation F C 2 30 or C F 30 2 works well within the range of normal weather temperatures, underestimating by 6 F at &minus 20 C and over by 4 F at 30 C. Fahrenheit temperature F Rankine temperature R Newton temperature N R aumur temperature Re R mer temperature Ro Comparison ... representation of some of the above data Conversion table between different temperature units Timeline TemperatureConversion See also Conversion of units Gas Mark References reflist External links http www.easyunitconversion.com en temperatureTemperature units conversion Instantly convert temperature units between each other http www.curiousnotions.com temperatureconversion Online temperature conversions for 49 different scales Online temperatureconversion for Amonton, Barnsdorf, Beaumuir ... 129.00 273.15 459.67 0.00 0.00 559.73 90.14 218.52 135.90 Comparison of temperature scales class wikitable Comparison of temperature scales Comment Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit Rankine scale Delisle scale ... right 218.52 align right 135.90 Coldest temperature recorded on Earth Lowest recorded surface temperature ... 14.22 align right 1.83 Ice melts at standard conditions for temperature and pressure standard pressure ... Temperature 20scales.pdf The University of Alabama in Huntsville Temperature scales Celsius ... 7.50525 Average surface temperature on Earth align right 288 align right 15 align right 59 align right 519 align right 128 align right 5 align right 12 align right 15 Average Normal human body temperature human body temperature align right 310 align right 37 align right 98 align right 558 align right 95 align right 12 align right 29 align right 27 Hottest temperature recorded on Earth Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth br Aziziya Aziziya, Libya September 13, 1922 br But Aziziya Geography ... for temperature and pressure standard pressure align right 373.1339 ref name UAH align right 99.9839 ... more details
The Conversion may refer to The Conversion Seinfeld The Conversion Seinfeld , an episode from the NBC sitcom Seinfeld The Conversion The Outer Limits The Conversion The Outer Limits , an episode from the TV series The Outer Limits disambig ... more details
Wiktionarypar conversion TOCright Conversion may refer to Economy and finance Currency conversion or exchange rate Conversion options , one of the options strategies Economic conversion Law Conversion law , conversion by taking a chattel out of the possession of another with the intent of exercising ... conversion , exerting unauthorised use or control of someone else s property Equitable conversion , A change ..., in certain circumstances Marketing Conversion marketing , when a prospective customer takes the marketer s intended action Conversion funnel , in Internet marketing, the process of tracking website visitors conversion across a series of process steps Conversion rate , in Internet marketing, the percentage ... conversion , the adoption of a new religious identity Deathbed conversion , done just before death Forced conversion , done under duress Marital conversion , conversion upon marriage outside of the individual s original religious adherence or non adherence Secondary conversion , done because of a personal relationship Conversion to Islam Islam Conversion to Islam Conversion to Judaism Conversion to Christianity Sport Try ConversionConversion , in the sports of Rugby league and Rugby union, a kick ... would have been if it had been measured in the other system In American football, a Conversion gridiron football one point conversion or a two point conversion , an opportunity to score one or two extra points, respectively, following a touchdown Science and technology Conversion of units , between different units of measurement See also Units conversion by factor label and Dimensional analysis Conversion chemistry Conversion logic , a concept in traditional logic Electric vehicle conversion , modification of a conventional vehicle to battery electric Energy transformation or energy conversion Internal conversion , a radioactive decay process Computing Convert command , a shell command to convert volumes using the FAT file systems to NTFS CHS conversion , cylinder head sector to linear ... more details
that may be calibration calibrated to a variety of Temperatureconversion formulas temperature scales .... Conversion The following table shows the temperatureconversion formulas for conversions to and from ...pp move indef About the thermodynamic property Temperature disambiguation Image MonthlyMeanT.gif thumb .... Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of heat hot and cold . Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures ... temperature to bodies of lower temperature, at a rate that increases with the temperature difference and the thermal conductivity . No heat will be exchanged between bodies of the same temperature such bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium . The temperature of a substance typically varies ... to the mean kinetic energy of its constituent particles. Formally, temperature is defined as the derivative of the internal energy with respect to the entropy . Quantitatively, temperature is measured with thermometers , which may be calibration calibrated to a variety of Temperatureconversion formulas temperature scales . Image Thermally Agitated Molecule.gif 280px thumb right Thermal vibration of a segment of protein alpha helix . The amplitude of the vibrations increases with temperature. Temperature plays an important role in all fields of natural science, including physics , geology , chemistry , atmospheric sciences and biology . Use in science File Annual Average Temperature Map.jpg thumb 400px Annual mean temperature around the world Many physical properties of materials ... , solubility , vapor pressure , and electrical conductivity depend on the temperature. Temperature .... This is one reason why the human body has several elaborate mechanisms for maintaining the temperature ... consequences. Temperature also determines the thermal radiation emitted from a surface. One application ... electrically heated to a temperature at which significant quantities of visible light are emitted ... more details
scales See also Timeline of temperature and pressure measurement technology temperatureconversion ... 38.7.JPG thumb right A medical clinical thermometer showing the temperature of 38.7 C Attempts of standardized temperature measurement have been reported as early as 170 AD by Galen Claudius Galenus . ref name quinn cite book author T. J. Quinn year 1983 title Temperature publisher Academic Press ... in the 17th century. Early devices to measure temperature were called thermoscope s. The first ... The development of today s thermometer s and temperature scales began in the early 18th century, when ... and the Kelvin scale. Technologies Many methods have been developed for measuring temperature. Most of these rely on measuring some physical property of a working material that varies with temperature. One of the most common devices for measuring temperature is the mercury in glass thermometer glass ..., which acts as the working fluid. Temperature increase causes the fluid to expand, so the temperature ... so that one can read the temperature simply by observing the level of the fluid in the thermometer ... standpoint, is the gas thermometer . Other important devices for measuring temperature include Thermocouple s Thermistor s Resistance Temperature Detector RTD Pyrometer Langmuir probe s for electron temperature of a Plasma physics plasma Infrared Other thermometer s One must be careful when measuring temperature to ensure that the measuring instrument thermometer, thermocouple, etc. is really the same temperature as the material that is being measured. Under some conditions heat from the measuring instrument can cause a temperature gradient, so the measured temperature is different from the actual temperature of the system. In such a case the measured temperature will vary not only with the temperature of the system, but also with the heat transfer properties of the system. An extreme ... windy conditions than calm conditions even though the temperature is the same. What is happening is that the wind ... more details
Other uses Degree disambiguation The term degree is used in several scale measurement scales of temperature . The symbol is usually used, followed by the initial letter of the unit, for example C for degree s Celsius. A degree can be defined as a set change in temperature measured against a given scale, for example, one degree celsius is one hundredth of the temperature change between water melting and water boiling. Scales of temperature measured in degrees Common scales of temperature measured in degrees Celsius C Kelvin K , which uses the Celsius scale, adjusted so that 0 kelvins is equal to absolute zero . Fahrenheit F Rankine scale Rankine R or Ra , which uses the Fahrenheit scale, adjusted so that 0 degrees Rankine is equal to absolute zero . Other scales of temperature Delisle scale Delisle De Newton scale Newton N R aumur scale R aumur R R mer scale R mer R Kelvin main Kelvin The degree Kelvin K is a former name for the SI unit of temperature on the thermodynamic temperature thermodynamic absolute temperature scale . Since 1967 it has been known simply as the kelvin , with symbol K. Degree absolute A is obsolete terminology, often referring specifically to the kelvin but sometimes the degree Rankine as well. ref cite web url http www.bipm.org en si si brochure chapter2 2 1 kelvin.html title Unit of thermodynamic temperature kelvin International System of Units SI brochure, Section 2.1.1.5 publisher International Bureau of Weights and Measures accessdate 2009 02 10 ref ... body temperature 37.0 C 98.6 F Room temperature the 20 25 C 68 77 F source ref cite web url http lamar.colostate.edu hillger temps.htm title Metric system temperature kelvin and degree Celsius publisher Colorado State University Lamar accessdate 2009 02 10 ref Temperature conversions Timeline TemperatureConversion See also Comparison of temperature scales Degree sign International System of Units References references Category Units of temperature measurement stub physics stub de Grad Temperatur ... more details
Temperature range may refer to Atmospheric temperature An aspect of Climate Climate classification climate classification Diurnal temperature variation Operating temperatureTemperature Thermoregulation Disambiguation ... more details
temperature units Timeline TemperatureConversion References reflist See also Temperatureconversion ...disputed Zeroth law problem date October 2010 Lead too short date October 2010 Scale of temperature is a way to measure temperature quantitatively. Formal description According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics ... of temperature, and the specific way of assigning numerical values as temperature is called a scale of temperature . ref cite book title The concepts of classical thermodynamics publisher Cambridge ... 6 7 author Walter Greiner coauthors Ludwig Neise,Horst St cker ref . In practical terms, a temperature ... a thermometer, that defines a scaling function mapping the temperature to the measurable thermometric parameter. Such temperature scales that are purely based on measurement are called empirical temperature scales . The second law of thermodynamics provides a fundamental, natural definition of thermodynamic temperature starting with a null point of absolute zero . A scale for thermodynamic temperature is established similarly to the empirical temperature scales, however, needing only one additional ... linear, functional relationship. For the measurement of temperature, the formal definition of thermal ... in the zeroth law of thermodynamics , provides the framework to measure temperature. All temperature scales, including the modern thermodynamic temperature scale used in the International System of Units ..., this is established by fixing two well defined temperature points and defining temperature increments ... within a limited range of temperature. ref Cite book publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg isbn ... empirical scales may not be compatible with each other, except for small regions of temperature ... not be guaranteed. Empirical temperature scales are not reflective of the fundamental, microscopic laws of matter. Temperature is a universal attribute of matter, yet empirical scales map a narrow ... K, so temperature lower than that cannot be measured in a scale based on mercury. Even ITS ... more details
wiktionarypar melting temperature Melting temperature may refer to Melting point , the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid state. DNA melting temperature , the temperature at which a DNA double helix dissociates into single strands. disambig ... more details
wiktionarypar temperatureTemperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold. Closely related are Thermodynamic temperature Color temperature Effective temperature Normal human body temperature The term may also refer to Noise temperature , a measure of the noise of an electronic component. Temperature meat , or doneness, a description of how thoroughly cooked a cut of meat is Temperature song Temperature song , a song by Sean Paul Temperature Zion I song Temperature Zion I song Temperature , a song by Blaque from Blaque Out Temperature , a song by Little Walter Albums Little Walter See also Lookfrom Temperature disambig ca Temperatura desambiguaci de Temperatur Begriffskl rung la Temperatura discretiva lt Temperat ra reik m s pl Temperatura ujednoznacznienie ... more details
Temperature Rising may refer to Temperature Rising album Temperature Rising , a studio album by Thai singer Tata Young Temperatures Rising , an American television situation comedy Temperature s Rising , an album by rock group Loverboy Temperature s Rising Mobb Deep song Temperature s Rising a single by Mobb Deep off of the 1995 album The Infamous disambig ... more details
Metric conversion may refer to Converting a non metric quantity to the metric equivalent see Conversion of units Conversion of a country from non metric units to metric units see Metrication disambiguation ... more details
In electronics, noise temperature is one way of expressing the level of available noise power introduced by a component or source. The power spectral density of the noise is expressed in terms of the temperature ... 1.381 10 sup 23 sup J K, joules per kelvin math T math is the noise temperature K Thus the noise temperature ... temperature is generally a function of frequency, unlike that of an ideal resistor which is simply equal to the actual temperature of the resistor at all frequencies. Noise voltage and current A noisy ... of noise temperature therefore offers a fair comparison between components having different impedances ... per hertz since it is expressed as an ordinary temperature which can be compared to the noise level of an ideal resistor at room temperature 290 K . Note that one can only speak of the noise temperature of a component or source whose impedance has a substantial and measurable resistive component. Thus it doesn t make sense to talk about the noise temperature of a capacitor or of a voltage source. The noise temperature of an amplifier refers to the noise that would be added at the amplifier ... by assigning to the noise a temperature math T math as defined above ref Skolnik, Merrill I., Radar ... communications receiver, the equivalent input noise temperature math T eq math would equal the sum of two noise temperatures math T eq T ant T sys math The antenna noise temperature math T ant math gives the noise power seen at the output of the antenna. ref The physical temperature of the antenna generally has little or no effect on math T ant math ref The noise temperature of the receiver ... using the receiver system with a noise temperature of math T sys math . Noise figure main Noise figure One use of noise temperature is in the definition of a system s Noise figure noise factor or noise ... due to a component or system when its input noise temperature is math T 0 math . math F frac T 0 T sys T 0 math math T 0 math is customarily taken to be room temperature, 290 K. The noise ... more details
Orphan date March 2008 A conversion path ref http www.ioninteractive.com english article.asp?contentID 1401 The Anatomy of a Conversion Path ref is a type of landing page that segments respondents to online advertising and search campaigns. Conversion paths utilize user directed segmentation, where a respondent is offered segmentation choices to make that act in their self interest. After self segmenting, users land on pages ref http www.vigorfish.com blog landing pages single page conversion path or microsite Landing Pages Single Page, Conversion Path or Microsite? ref that deliver more tailored content and pitch. Unlike a single landing page, a conversion path does not ask for a desired action, or a conversion marketing conversion , until a respondent has self segmented. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Conversion Path Category Web development ... more details
Refimprove date April 2009 Orphan date February 2009 The permissive temperature is the temperature at which a temperature sensitive mutant gene product takes on a normal, functional phenotype. ref http www.biology online.org dictionary Permissive temperature ref When a temperature sensitive mutant is grown in a permissive condition, the mutant mutated gene product behaves normally meaning that the phenotype isn t observed , even if there is a mutant allele present. This results in the survival of the cell or organism, as if it were a wild type strain. In contrast, the nonpermissive temperature or restrictive temperature is the temperature at which the mutant phenotype is observed. Most temperature sensitive mutations affect proteins, and are recessive and cause loss of protein function at the non permissive temperature. The permissive temperature is one at which the protein typically can fold properly, or remain properly folded. References Reflist Category Temperature Category Cell biology Category Biology terminology biochemistry stub ... more details
Apparent temperature is the general term for the perceived outdoor temperature, caused by the combined effects of air temperature , relative humidity and wind speed . The Heat index measures the effect of humidity on the perception of temperature. In humid conditions, the air feels hotter than it actually is, because of the reduction in evaporation of perspiration . The Wind chill measures the effect of wind speed on the perception of temperature. In windy conditions, the air feels cooler than it actually is, because of the increase in evaporation of perspiration. The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature WBGT combines the effects of radiation, humidity, temperature and wind speed on the perception of temperature. It is not often used as the resulting figure is very location specific eg cloud cover and or wind shielding . Category Temperature ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2008 Transition temperature is the temperature at which a material changes from one crystal state Allotropy allotrope to another. There are seven crystal system s and every crystallized material exists in one of them. In the case of ferroelectric or ferromagnetic crystals a transition temperature may be known as the Curie temperature . Transition temperature is the temperature at which a solid changes State of matter state , either becoming softer when Heat heated or more brittle when cooled. Transition temperature is the temperature above and below which solubility changes in a noticeably different way. On a graph the transition temperature is deduced by the intersection of two lines each of which have a different gradient. Category Crystallography Chemistry stub ... more details
In chemistry, the phrase conversion has several meanings Image Conversion, Selectivity and Yield.svg thumb 500px specifically the property X related to the yield chemistry yield Y by multiplication with the selectivity S , i.e. the mathematical definition X conversion S selectivity Y yield , all calculated on a molar basis e.g. in a certain reaction, 90 of substance A is converted consumed , but only 80 of it is converted to the desired substance B and 20 to undesired by products, so conversion of A is 90 , selectivity for B 80 and yield of substance B 72 90 80 in a general sense the action of a chemical reaction , e.g. the conversion of molecule A to molecule B note that in this general sense, conversion rate would be synonymous with reaction rate Category Stoichiometry et Konversioon keemia fr Taux de conversion ru ... more details
In atmospheric thermodynamics , the virtual temperature math T v math of a moist air parcel is the temperature at which a theoretical dry air parcel would have a total pressure and density equal to the moist parcel of air. ref cite book last Bailey first Desmond T. others John Irwin title Meteorological Monitoring Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications origyear 1987 origmonth 6 url http www.epa.gov scram001 guidance met mmgrma.pdf year 2000 month 2 publisher United States Environmental Protection Agency location Research Triangle Park, NC id EPA 454 R 99 005 pages 9 14 chapter Upper air Monitoring ref Introduction Description In atmospheric thermodynamic process es, it is often useful ... variable quantity of the ideal gas law independent of density and pressure is temperature. This scaled quantity is known as virtual temperature, and it allows for the use of the dry air equation ... Temperature has an inverse proportionality to density. Thus, analytically, a higher vapor pressure would yield a lower density, which should yield a higher virtual temperature in turn. Derivation Consider ... math is approximately 0.622 in Earth s atmosphere math p rho R dT v , , math where the virtual temperature ... mathematics scalar for temperature dependent purely on the unitless value math scriptstyle frac e p , , math allowing for varying amounts of water vapor in an air parcel. This virtual temperature math ... approximation math T v approx T 1 0.61w , . math An approximate conversion using math T math ... 4 9 ref Uses Virtual temperature is used in adjusting Convective available potential energy CAPE ... associated with ignoring virtual temperature correction for smaller CAPE values can be quite significant ... 3E2.0.CO 3B2 title The Effect of Neglecting the Virtual Temperature Correction on CAPE calculations ... Society ref Thus, in the early stages of convective storm formation, a virtual temperature correction ... reflist DEFAULTSORT Virtual Temperature Category Atmospheric thermodynamics de Virtuelle Temperatur ... more details
In internet marketing , conversion rate is the ratio of visitors who convert casual content views or website visits into desired actions based on subtle or direct requests from marketers, advertisers, and content creators. If the prospect has visited a marketer s web site , examples of conversion actions might include making an online purchase or submitting a form to request additional information. The Conversion rate is defined as follows math mathrm Conversion rate frac mathrm Number of Goal Achievements mathrm Visits math Successful conversions are interpreted differently by individual marketers, advertisers, and content creators. To online retailers, for example, a successful conversion may constitute the sale of a product to a consumer whose interest in the item was initially sparked by clicking a banner advertisement. To content creators, however, a successful conversion may refer to a membership ... itself, a conversion funnel can be set up in a site s analytics package to track user behavior. Methods to increase the conversion in e commerce Among the many methods to increase the conversion rate, these are the most relevant Generate user reviews about your products, which can accelerate conversion. clear distinction of the website for a certain conversion goal e.g. increase sign ins for newsletter better content e.g. text, picture, video of the website that clearly target versus the conversion goal increase usability to reduce the barriers towards the conversion goal and thus reduce the abortion ... the user through the conversion funnel See also Conversion optimization Win loss analytics Conversion funnel Sources Definition of the Conversion rate http www.marketingterms.com dictionary conversion rate Facts about typical conversion rates and hints how to increase them http www.seochat.com c a Website Marketing Help Conversion Rate Optimization Berkeley Study on Conversion rate in Spam http www.icsi.berkeley.edu ... cs Konverzn pom r de Konversion Marketing Konversionsrate fr Taux de transformation ko it Conversion ... more details
Cleanup date November 2009 A conversion factor changes something to a different version or form. A factor is something that brings results or a cause, while conversion is an action of changing the version of a thing. In mathematics , specifically algebra , a conversion factor is used to convert a measured quantity to a different unit of measure without changing the relative amount. To accomplish this, a ratio fraction is established that equals one 1 . In the ratio, the conversion factor is a multiplier that, when applied to the larger unit, converts the larger unit into the smaller unit, by multiplication with the measured amount. 24 hrs 1 day 1 or 43,560 square feet 1 acre 1 3 days 3 24 hours 72 hours conversion factor is 24 Note If a b, then a b 1 and b a 1 Days are converted, to hours, by multiplying the days by the conversion factor as 24. The conversion can be reversed by dividing, the hours, by 24 to get days however, the reciprocal 1 24 could be considered the reverse conversion factor for an hours to days conversion, where 1 24 0.0416666666667. Hence, the term conversion factor is the multiplier which yields the result, not a divisor from that viewpoint. To yield hours, the conversion factor is 24, not 1 24, so hours days 24 multiplying by the factor . Common conversion factors for water and wastewater For water treatment or reservoir s, there are several conversion factors which are commonly used Since 1 day 24 hours 1440 minutes, therefore 15 minutes 1 day 1440 minutes 15 1440 0.010416667 0.01 days. 1 million gallons per day MGD 3.069 acre feet per day ac ft day 1.55 cubic feet per second cfs 694 gallons per minute gpm 1 gallon 3785 milliliters 3.785 liters 8.34 pounds of water. Examples of conversions 55 gallons of water 8.34 pound 1 gallon 458.7 pounds. a hose running 20 gpm for 1 day 1440 minutes 1 day 28,800 gallons day. a one ton truck can carry 2000 pounds 1 gallon 8.34 pounds 240 gallons water . See also Conversion of units Category Measurement ... more details
NOTE TO EDITORS Absolute zero is NOT the temperature at which a substance contains zero heat energy and is not always ... properties System properties Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics . Thermodynamic temperature is an absolute Scale of temperature scale because it is the measure of the fundamental property underlying temperature its null or zero point, absolute zero , is the temperature at which the particle constituents ... , Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh 1880 , p. 39 ref At its simplest, temperature arises from the kinetic ... contributes to the substance s temperature. Overview NOTE TO EDITORS This section is internally linked from elsewhere within the article. Do not rename without correcting referencing links. Temperature ... temperature of any bulk quantity of matter is the measure of the average kinetic energy of a certain ... in solids. Thermodynamic temperature s null mathematics null point, absolute zero, is the temperature ... not fully achieve a state of zero temperature. However, even if scientists could remove all kinetic ... zero of temperature . ZPE is the result of all pervasive energy fields in the vacuum between ... T 0 is not a state of zero molecular motion, it is the point of zero temperature and, in accordance ... is at a temperature greater than T 0, heat will flow inward, and if the surrounding environment ... Thermodynamic temperature Heat energy at absolute zero Heat energy at absolute zero , below . Throughout ... temperature is measured in kelvin s symbol K . Many engineering fields in the United States U.S. however, measure thermodynamic temperature using the Rankine scale . By http www1.bipm.org ... temperature, is defined as being precisely 0 K and 273.15 Celsius C . The triple point ... to represent the thermodynamic temperature as closely as possible throughout its range ... thermometers . The relationship of temperature, motions, conduction, and heat energy Image Translational ... more details
Comparison US standard atmosphere 1962.svg Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth s atmosphere . It is governed by many factors, including insolation incoming solar radiation , humidity and altitude . When discussing surface temperature , the annual atmospheric temperature range at any geographical location depends largely upon the type of biome , as measured by the K ppen climate classification . Temperature versus height File EarthAtmosphereBig.jpg thumb 50px right main lapse rate In the Earth s atmosphere, temperature varies greatly at different heights relative to the Earth s surface. The coldest temperatures lie near the mesopause , an area approximately convert 85 km mi abbr on to convert 100 km mi abbr on above the surface. In contrast, some of the warmest temperatures can be found in the thermosphere , which receives strong ionizing radiation at the level of the Van Allen radiation belt . Temperature varies as one moves vertically upwards from the Earth s Surface. Global temperature seealso Schumann resonances Global temperature The concept of a global temperature is commonly used in climatology , and denotes the average temperature of the Earth based on surface ref cite web last Hansen first James E. title GISS Surface Temperature Analysis GISTEMP url http data.giss.nasa.gov gistemp work National Aeronautic and Space Administration publisher Goddard Institute for Space Studies accessdate 1 September 2011 authorlink James Hansen ref , near surface or troposphere tropospheric measurements. These temperature record s and measurements are typically acquired using the satellite temperature record satellite or instrumental temperature record ground instrumental temperature thermometer measurements , then usually compiled using ... proxy climate proxy data . See also Atmospheric thermodynamics Brightness temperature Emissivity Emissivity ... Category Atmospheric thermodynamics Category Climate Category Thermodynamics Category Temperature ... more details
Temperature cycling or temperature cycle is the process of cycling through two temperature extremes, typically at relatively high rates of change. It is an environmental Stress testing stress test used in evaluating product Reliability engineering reliability as well as in manufacturing to catch early term, latent defects by inducing failure through thermal Fatigue material fatigue . External links http www.motorola.com testservices temperature1.html Temperature Testing Motorola http www.jedec.org download search 22a104d.pdf Temperature Cycling JEDEC Standard No. 22 A104D http www.siliconfareast.com TCT.htm Temperature Cycle Test SiliconFarEast.com http www.siliconfareast.com faq tc life.htm Equivalent Life of Temperature Cycle Testing SiliconFarEast.com Category Reliability engineering ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Conversion In the sociology of religion , secondary conversion is the religious conversion of an individual that results from a relationship with another convert, rather than from any particular aspect of the new religion. For example, someone might join a religious group primarily because their spouse or partner has done so such a person would be a secondary convert. Secondary converts are people who join a religion only because of a relationship with the other convert. Secondary conversion can greatly expand a movement s influence, ref cite book last Stark first Rodney authorlink Rodney stark title The Rise of Christianity The Rise of Christianity a sociologist reconsiders history origyear year 1996 publisher Princeton University Press location Princeton, New Jersey isbn 0 691 02749 8 page 20 pages 247 quote The basis for successful conversionist movements is growth through social networks, through a structure of direct and intimate interpersonal attachments . ref particularly after a conquest, such as the Muslim Umayyad conquest of Hispania Moorish conquest of Spain and Catholic Spanish colonization of the Americas Spain s conquests in Latin America . See also Deathbed conversion , done just before death Forced conversion , done under duress Marital conversion , religious conversion upon marriage outside of religion References Reflist Religion stub Socio stub DEFAULTSORT Secondary Conversion Category Sociology of religion ... more details
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