Cleanup date November 2009 A conversion factor changes something to a different version or form. A factor is something that brings results or a cause, while conversion is an action of changing the version of a thing. In mathematics , specifically algebra , a conversion factor is used to convert a measured quantity to a different unit of measure without changing the relative amount. To accomplish this, a ratio fraction is established that equals one 1 . In the ratio, the conversion factor is a multiplier that, when applied to the larger unit, converts the larger unit into the smaller unit, by multiplication with the measured amount. 24 hrs 1 day 1 or 43,560 square feet 1 acre 1 3 days 3 24 hours 72 hours conversion factor is 24 Note If a b, then a b 1 and b a 1 Days are converted, to hours, by multiplying the days by the conversion factor as 24. The conversion can be reversed by dividing, the hours, by 24 to get days however, the reciprocal 1 24 could be considered the reverse conversion factor for an hours to days conversion, where 1 24 0.0416666666667. Hence, the term conversion factor is the multiplier which yields the result, not a divisor from that viewpoint. To yield hours, the conversion factor is 24, not 1 24, so hours days 24 multiplying by the factor . Common conversion factors for water and wastewater For water treatment or reservoir s, there are several conversion factors which are commonly used Since 1 day 24 hours 1440 minutes, therefore 15 minutes 1 day 1440 minutes 15 1440 0.010416667 0.01 days. 1 million gallons per day MGD 3.069 acre feet per day ac ft day 1.55 cubic feet per second cfs 694 gallons per minute gpm 1 gallon 3785 milliliters 3.785 liters 8.34 pounds of water. Examples of conversions 55 gallons of water 8.34 pound 1 gallon 458.7 pounds. a hose running 20 gpm for 1 day 1440 minutes 1 day 28,800 gallons day. a one ton truck can carry 2000 pounds 1 gallon 8.34 pounds 240 gallons water . See also Conversion of units Category Measurement ... more details
In thermodynamics, the Boyle temperature is defined as the temperature for which the second virial coefficient , math B 2 T math vanishes, i.e. math B 2 T 0 math . It is at this temperature that the attractive forces and the repulsive forces acting on the gas particles balance out. Since higher order virial coefficients are generally much smaller than the second coefficient, the gas tends to behave as an ideal gas over a wider range of pressures when the temperature reaches the Boyle temperature. In any case, when the pressures are low, the second virial coefficient will be the only relevant one because the remaining concern terms of higher order on the pressure. We then have math dZ dp 0 math at math p 0 math , where Z is the compressibility factor . Defination in simple language Boyle Temperature It is the temperature at which a non ideal gas behaves like an ideal gas. At Boyle temperature ,Z 1 and B 0 gives T b a Rb Category Thermodynamics de Boyle Temperatur es Temperatura de Boyle ... more details
Junction temperature is the highest temperature of the actual semiconductor in an electronic device. In operation it is higher than case temperature and the temperature of the part s exterior. The difference is equal to the amount of heat transferred from the junction to case multiplied by the junction to case thermal resistance . Maximum junction temperature is specified in a part s datasheet and is used when calculating the necessary case to ambient thermal resistance for a given power dissipation. This in turn is used to select an appropriate heat sink if necessary. An estimation of the chip junction temperature, T sub J sub , can be obtained from the following equation T sub J sub T sub A sub R sub JA sub P sub D sub where T sub A sub ambient temperature for the package C R sub JA sub junction to ambient thermal resistance C W P sub D sub power dissipation in package W DEFAULTSORT Junction temperature Category Semiconductors engineering stub zh ... more details
In fluid dynamics , the bulk temperature , or the average fluid bulk temperature , is a convenient reference point for evaluating properties related to convective heat transfer , particularly in applications related to flow in pipe material pipes and duct HVAC ducts . The concept of the bulk temperature is that adiabatic mixing of the fluid from a given cross section of the duct will result in some equilibrium temperature that accurately reflects the average temperature of the moving fluid, more so than a simple average like the film temperature . ref Kreith, Frank, and Bohn, Mark S. Principles of Heat Transfer, Sixth Edition. Brooks Cole Pacific Grove, CA, 2001. ref References references Category Fluid dynamics Category Thermodynamics Category Heat transfer fluiddynamics stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Conversion In the sociology of religion , secondary conversion is the religious conversion of an individual that results from a relationship with another convert, rather than from any particular aspect of the new religion. For example, someone might join a religious group primarily because their spouse or partner has done so such a person would be a secondary convert. Secondary converts are people who join a religion only because of a relationship with the other convert. Secondary conversion can greatly expand a movement s influence, ref cite book last Stark first Rodney authorlink Rodney stark title The Rise of Christianity The Rise of Christianity a sociologist reconsiders history origyear year 1996 publisher Princeton University Press location Princeton, New Jersey isbn 0 691 02749 8 page 20 pages 247 quote The basis for successful conversionist movements is growth through social networks, through a structure of direct and intimate interpersonal attachments . ref particularly after a conquest, such as the Muslim Umayyad conquest of Hispania Moorish conquest of Spain and Catholic Spanish colonization of the Americas Spain s conquests in Latin America . See also Deathbed conversion , done just before death Forced conversion , done under duress Marital conversion , religious conversion upon marriage outside of religion References Reflist Religion stub Socio stub DEFAULTSORT Secondary Conversion Category Sociology of religion ... more details
unreferenced date December 2008 Conversion coatings are coatings for metals where the part surface is converted into the coating with a chemical or electro chemical process. Examples include chromate conversion coating s, phosphate conversion coating s, Bluing steel bluing , black oxide coatings on steel, and anodizing . They are used for corrosion protection, increased surface hardness, to add decorative color and as paint primers. Conversion coatings may be very thin, on the order of 0.00001 . Thick coatings, up to 0.002 , are usually built up on aluminium alloys, either by anodizing or chromate conversion. Category Coatings industry stub es Recubrimiento por conversi n ja ... more details
In internet marketing , conversion rate is the ratio of visitors who convert casual content views or website visits into desired actions based on subtle or direct requests from marketers, advertisers, and content creators. math mathrm Conversion rate frac mathrm Number of Goal Achievements mathrm Visits math Successful conversions are interpreted differently by individual marketers, advertisers, and content creators. To online retailers, for example, a successful conversion may constitute the sale of a product to a consumer whose interest in the item was initially sparked by clicking a banner advertisement. To content creators, however, a successful conversion may refer to a membership registration ... to the existing line. For web sites where the response occurs on the site itself, a conversion funnel can be set up in a site s analytics package to track user behavior. Methods to increase the conversion in e commerce Among the many methods to increase the conversion rate, these are the most relevant Generate user reviews about your products, which can accelerate conversion. clear distinction of the website for a certain conversion goal e.g. increase sign ins for newsletter better content e.g. text, picture, video of the website that clearly target versus the conversion goal increase usability to reduce the barriers towards the conversion goal and thus reduce the abortion rate good ... of visitor use AIDA marketing AIDA attention, interest, desire, action to move the user through the conversion funnel See also Conversion optimization Win loss analytics Conversion funnel Sources Definition of the Conversion rate http www.marketingterms.com dictionary conversion rate Facts about typical conversion rates and hints how to increase them http www.seochat.com c a Website Marketing Help Conversion Rate Optimization Berkeley Study on Conversion rate in Spam http www.icsi.berkeley.edu pubs ... Konversion Marketing Konversionsrate fr Taux de transformation ko it Conversion rate he ... more details
In telecommunication , the term code conversion has the following meanings 1. Conversion of signals, or groups of signals, in one code into corresponding signals, or groups of signals, in another code. 2. A process for converting a code of some predetermined bit structure, such as 5, 7, or 14 bits per character interval , to another code with the same or a different number of bits per character interval. In code conversion, alphabetical order is not significant. FS1037C Category Line codes telecomm term stub ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 The Excitation Temperature math T rm ex math often called the spin temperature for the 21 cm line is defined for a population of particles via the Boltzmann factor . It satisfies math frac n rm u n rm l frac g rm u g rm l exp frac Delta E k T rm ex , math where n sub u sub and n sub l sub represent the number of particles in an upper e.g. excited and lower e.g. ground state, and g sub u sub and g sub l sub their statistical weights respectively. Thus the excitation temperature is the temperature at which we would expect to find a system with this ratio of level populations. However it has no actual physical meaning except when in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The excitation temperature can even be negative for a system with inverted levels such as a maser . DEFAULTSORT Excitation Temperature Category Temperature Category Physics ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Homologous temperature expresses the temperature of a material as a fraction of its melting point temperature using the Kelvin scale . For example, the homologous temperature of lead at room temperature is approximately 0.50 T sub H sub T T sub mp sub 298K 601K 0.50 . Solder T sub mp sub 183 C 456K at 0.85T sub mp sub or 115 C 388K , would thus be expected to have comparable properties to copper T sub mp sub 1085 C 1358K at 0.85T sub mp sub or 881 C 1154K . In electronics applications, where circuits typically operate over a 55 C to 125 C range, eutectic tin lead Sn63 solder is working at 0.48T sub mp sub to 0.87T sub mp sub . The upper temperature is high relative to the melting point from this we can deduce that solder will have limited mechanical strength as a bulk material and significant Creep deformation creep under stress. This is borne out by its comparatively low values for tensile strength, shear strength and modulus of elasticity. Citation needed date April 2009 Copper, on the other hand, has a much higher melting point, so foils are working at only 0.16T sub mp sub to 0.29T sub mp sub , and their properties are little affected by temperature. DEFAULTSORT Homologous Temperature Category Units of temperature Physics stub Measurement stub ... more details
In heat transfer and fluid dynamics , the film temperature math T f math is an approximation to the temperature of a fluid inside a convection boundary layer . It is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the temperature at the surface of the solid boundary wall math T w math and the free stream temperature math T infty math ref Incropera & DeWitt Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer , 4th Ed ref math T f frac T w T infty 2 math The film temperature is often used as the temperature at which fluid properties are calculated when using Prandtl number , Nusselt number , Reynolds number or Grashof number to calculate a heat transfer coefficient , because it is a reasonable first approximation to the temperature within the convection boundary layer. Somewhat confusing terminology may be encountered in relation to boilers and heat exchangers, where the same term is used to refer to the limit hot temperature of a fluid in contact with a hot surface. ref http www.paratherm.com tipsheets tipsheet fluid life film temperature.asp Film Temperature ref ref http www.multitherm.com technical articles bulk film temp impact.html Bulk and Film Temperatures ref References references Category Fluid dynamics Category Heat transfer it Temperatura di film pt Temperatura de pel cula ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Conversion syndrome describes a condition in which physical symptoms arise for which there is no clear explanation. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, conversion ... Egypt ian papyrus papyri from the 16th century BC. Psychiatrist s now separate out conversion ... can be about such things as pain .Conversion syndrome was not formerly considered a separate disorder ... conflictes of psychological stress ref Sadock, Kaplan, & Sadock, 2007 ref . Patients with conversion ... conflict that was then converted into physical symptoms. Typically conversion syndrome begins with some ... conversion syndrome may become temporarily blind due to the stress of the loss of a parent or spouse ... and relatively mild ref Mayo Clinic, 2011 ref As Stated, there can be many symptoms of conversion ..., and difficulty walking. These symptoms are attributed to conversion syndrome when a medical explanation for the afflictions cannot be found. Also with these symptoms, typical signs of conversion ..., 2012 ref . Symptoms of conversion syndrome usually occur suddenly, however symptoms are usually relatively brief, with the average duration being 2 weeks in people hospitalized for conversion syndrome .... In fact, about 20 to 25 of conversion syndrome sufferers reported a symptomatic episode within a year. Conversion disorder is typically seen in individuals 10 to 35 years old ref Diagnostic and Statistical ... causes of the somatoform disorders as well as to better understand why conversion and hysteria appear ... of psychotherapy therapeutic techniques. While the exact causes of of conversion syndrome are unknown ... certain populations that are considered at risk for conversion disorder including people suffering ... treatments that are available to treat and manage conversion syndrome. While occasionally symptoms do disappear on their own, many people benefit from a variety of treatment options. Treatments for conversion ... include one or multiple of the above treatments ref Mayo Clinic, 2012 ref See also Conversion disorder ... more details
refimprove date April 2009 Image Conversion and crossover.jpg thumb right 300px The difference between gene conversion and chromosomal crossover . Blue are the two chromatid s of one chromosome and red are the two chromatids of another one. Gene conversion is an event in DNA genetic recombination , which .... Gene conversion may lead to non Mendelian inheritance and has often been recorded in fungal crosses ... of Molecular Biology . Oxford Blackwell Science, 945 950. ref Mechanistic basis of gene conversion Image Gene Conversion Types.png thumb right 400px Types of Gene Conversion. This conversion of one ..., so that it is identical to the other. Gene conversion can result from the repair of damaged ... taken apart either cross over or gene conversion products result. From various genome analyses ... by at least two different but related pathways ref name Gene conversion cite book last Chen, first Jain Min title Gene Conversion in Evolution and Disease year 2001 publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ... the gene duplication naturally tend to either unequal crossover or unidirectional gene conversion events ... Chen et al., 2007 . The affective homology between the interacting sequences makes the gene conversion event successful. Additionally, the frequency of gene conversion is inversely proportional to the distance between the interacting sequences in cis Schildkraut et al., 2005 ref name Gene conversion and also the rate of gene conversion is usually directly proportional to the length of uninterrupted ... long been supported that the gene conversion event or branch migration events can either be promoted ... in gene conversion process Papadakis and Patrinos, 1999 ref name Gene conversion . Another basic classification of gene conversion events is the Interlocus also called nonallelic and Interallelic gene conversions. The cis or trans Nonallelic or interlocus gene conversion events occurs between nonallelic ... the gene conversion events takes place between alleles residing on homologous chromosomes Adapted from ... more details
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics , stagnation temperature is the temperature at a stagnation point in a fluid flow. At a stagnation point the speed of the fluid is zero and all of the kinetic energy has been converted to internal energy adiabatically and is added to the local Enthalpy static enthalpy . In incompressible flow incompressible fluid flow , and in isentropic compressible flow , the stagnation temperature is equal to the total temperature at all points on the streamline leading to the stagnation point. ref Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics , section 14.1 ref See gas dynamics . Derivation Adiabatic Stagnation temperature can be derived from the First Law of Thermodynamics . Applying the Steady Flow Energy Equation ref Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics , equation 5.50 ref and ignoring the work, heat and gravitational ... capacity ratio specific heat at constant pressure math T 0 , math stagnation or total temperature at a stagnation point math T , math temperature also known as static temperature at any other point on the stagnation ... of both temperature and density. However, invoking the common assumption of a calorically perfect gas, enthalpy can be converted directly into temperature as given above, which enables one to define a stagnation temperature in terms of the more fundamental property, stagnation enthalpy. Stagnation properties e.g. stagnation temperature, stagnation pressure are useful in jet engine performance calculations. In engine operations, stagnation temperature is often called total air temperature . A bimetallic thermocouple is often used to measure stagnation temperature, but allowances for thermal ... the term stagnation temperature to indicate the maximum achievable collector temperature with a stagnant fluid no motion , an ambient temperature of 30C, and incident solar radiation of 1000W m ... context. See also Stagnation point Stagnation pressure Total air temperature References Van Wylen ... more details
Value conversion is the act of converting one type of value or financial instrument into another type of negotiable value. In the securities profession the definition of conversion value is very narrowly defined as the positive difference between the market price of a convertible security and the price at which it is convertible. The larger topic of Value conversion is relevant to the managing of intangible assets or intellectual capital . It refers to the act of transforming financial to non financial value or an intangible asset into a financial asset. Intangible asset management has largely focused on valuation of intangible assets like trying to assign a financial value to an asset such as reputation. The theme of value conversion also runs through social exchange theory and more classical views of exchange value . References 1 Allee, Verna. Value Network Analysis and Value Conversion of Tangible and Intangible Assets, Journal of Intellectual Capital. ISSN , Publisher Emerald Insights, Year 2008, Volume 9, Issue 1, Page 5 24, Digital Object Identifier, doi 10.1108 14691930810845777 Econ stub Category Capital ... more details
The convective temperature CT or T sub c sub is the approximate temperature that air near the surface must reach for cloud formation without mechanical lift. In such case, cloud base begins at the convective condensation level CCL , whilst with mechanical lifting, condensation begins at the lifted condensation level LCL . Convective temperature is important to forecasting thunderstorm development. See also Atmospheric convection Atmospheric thermodynamics Meteorological variables climate stub Category Severe weather and convection Category Atmospheric thermodynamics ja ... more details
Conversion marketing is an Electronic commerce eCommerce phrase most commonly used to describe the act ... a Conversion rate conversion to be some sort of result other than a sale ref name Marketing Terms cite web title Conversion Rate url http www.marketingterms.com dictionary conversion rate ref . One example of a conversion event other than a sale is if a customer were to abandon an online shopping cart ... cite web title Conversion Marketing url http www.webopedia.com TERM C conversion marketing.html ref Measures The efficacy of conversion marketing is measured by the conversion rate, i.e. the number .... Since conversion rates for electronic storefronts are usually very low ref name Conversion Marketing The Psychology of Converting Browsers into Buyers cite web last Heathman first Bryan title Conversion ... 1.pdf accessdate 18 February 2012 ref , conversion marketing can be a useful way to boost this number, online revenue, and overall Web traffic website traffic . Conversion marketing attempts to solve the issue of low online conversion through optimized Customer service customer service . To accomplish ... centric business accessdate 3 April 2012 ref . Conversion marketing is commonly viewed as a long term ... channels, and online experience ref name Conversion Optimization Is The New SEO cite web last Brinker first Scott title Conversion Optimization Is The New SEO url http searchengineland.com conversion ... over the past 10 years has done very little to increase overall conversion rates so conversion marketing ... 2010 10 21 the art of re engagement accessdate 27 March 2012 ref . Conversion marketing affects all phases of the customer life cycle, and several conversion marketing solutions are utilized to help ease the transition from one phase to the next. Common Conversion Marketing Services ... conversion rates, capture feedback, and engender visitor s trust. Email Personalization Email with embedded ... cross channel conversion without losing the context of the conversation when visitors move from the website ... more details
The Krafft temperature also known as Krafft point , or critical micelle temperature is the minimum temperature at which surfactant s form micelle s. Below the Krafft temperature, there is no value for the critical micelle concentration CMC , i.e., micelles cannot form. The Krafft temperature is a point of phase change below which the surfactant remains in crystalline form, even in aqueous solution. Surfactants in such a crystalline state will only solubilize and form micelles if another surfactant assists it in overcoming the forces that keep it crystallized, or if the temperature increases, thus causing entropy to have a stronger force and encouraging the crystalline structure to break apart. The Krafft point is named after German chemist Friedrich Krafft . Structural Effects Surfactants are usually composed of a hydrocarbon chain and a polar head group. Increasing the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases the Krafft temperature because it improves Van der Waals force Van der Waals forces. External links http goldbook.iupac.org K03415.html IUPAC Gold book Krafft temperature chem stub Category Colloidal chemistry Category Physical chemistry de Krafft Punkt it Temperatura di Krafft nl Krafft temperatuur ja ... more details
The potential temperature of a Air parcel parcel of fluid at pressure math P math is the temperature ... math P 0 math , usually 1000 millibars. The potential temperature is denoted math theta math and, for air ... absolute temperature in K of the parcel, math R math is the gas constant of air, and math ... s equation. Contexts The concept of potential temperature applies to any stratified fluid. It is most ... that air temperature drops as one climbs a mountain and water temperature can increase with depth in very deep ocean trenches and within the ocean mixed layer . When potential temperature is used instead, these apparently unstable conditions vanish. Comments Potential temperature is a more dynamically important quantity than the actual temperature. This is because it is not affected by the physical ... and warm as it descends on the other side but the potential temperature will not change in the absence ... to as dry adiabatic . Since parcels with the same potential temperature can be exchanged without work or heating being required, lines of constant potential temperature are natural flow pathways. Under almost all circumstances, potential temperature increases upwards in the atmosphere, unlike actual temperature which may increase or decrease. Potential temperature is conserved for all dry ... very close to being dry adiabatic . Potential temperature is a useful measure of the static stability of the unsaturated atmosphere. Under normal, stably stratified conditions, the potential temperature .... If the potential temperature decreases with height, math frac partial theta partial z 0 math ... of decreasing potential temperature with height are uncommon, except while vigorous convection is underway or during periods of strong insolation . Situations in which the equivalent potential temperature ... potential temperature is conserved under adiabatic or isentropic air motions, in steady, adiabatic flow lines or surfaces of constant potential temperature act as Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 If the velocity velocities of a group of electron s, e.g., in a plasma physics plasma , follow a Maxwell Boltzmann distribution Distribution of the velocity vector Maxwell Boltzmann distribution , then the electron temperature is well defined as the temperature of that distribution. For other distributions, two thirds of the average energy is often referred to as the temperature, since for a Maxwell Boltzmann distribution with three Degrees of freedom physics and chemistry degrees of freedom , math langle E rangle 3 2 langle k BT rangle math . The International System of Units SI unit of temperature is the kelvin K , but using the above relation the electron temperature is often expressed in terms of the energy unit electronvolt eV . Each kelvin 1 K corresponds to 8.617343 15 10 sup 5 sup eV this factor is the ratio of the Boltzmann constant to the elementary charge . The electron temperature of a plasma can be several orders of magnitude higher than the temperature of the neutral species or of the ion s. This is a result of two facts. Firstly, many plasma source s heat the electrons more strongly than the ions. Secondly, atoms and ions are much heavier than electrons, and energy transfer in a two body collision is much more efficient if the masses are similar. DEFAULTSORT Electron Temperature Categories Category Plasma physics Physics stub sv Elektrontemperatur ... more details
Globalize UK date December 2010 Image loft conversion.jpg thumb A professionally installed loft conversion ... conversion is the process of transforming an empty attic space into a functional room, typically .... The installation of a loft conversion is a complicated process, and whilst it may be possible to attempt a DIY loft conversion, the large amount of work involved often results in many people choosing to contract a specialist loft conversion company to undertake the task. ref cite web url http blog.thservices.co.uk 5 loft conversion ideas to benefit your home title 5 Loft Conversion Ideas to Benefit ... February 2012 ref Another type of loft conversion is converting non residential spaces most commonly warehouses, docks, former factories or water towers into habitable homes. This form of loft conversion ..., Manhattan Chelsea and Greenwich Village . Feasibility The first stage of any loft conversion is a close inspection of the loft space to find out its exact dimensions and whether conversion is feasible ... as part of the loft conversion process due to the construction of dormers and fitting roof windows. ref name Planing the conversion Cite web url http www.lets do diy.com Features Loft Planning the conversion.aspx title Planning the conversion accessdate 2008 11 08 year 2008 author Letsdodiy ref Due to the slope of the roof and the required access headroom, the feasibility of a loft conversion ... of loft conversion that are widespread Roof window conversion Roof window s are often an attractive ... light . A roof window conversion will sometimes not require planning permission, although they will always require building regulation approval UK . Dormer conversion A dormer is a window ... conversion Dormer Loft Conversion . Convert Lofts Loft Conversion. ref Other types of loft conversion ... ref http www.convertlofts.com 2012 02 mansard loft conversion Mansard Loft Conversion . Convert Lofts Loft Conversion. ref conversions, which can be installed when certain circumstances require their features ... more details
Ref improve section date August 2011 Criminal conversion is the crime of exerting unauthorized use or control of someone else s property . It differs from theft in that it does not include the element of intending to deprive the owner of the possession of that property. As such, it is a lesser included offense of the crime of theft. Criminal conversion specifies a type of conversion law conversion in that it involves criminal law , not Civil law common law civil law . An example might be tapping someone s secured wireless LAN or public utility line which could also amount to theft of services . Another example might be taking a joy ride in a car, never intending to keep it from the owner. Some places have defined such conduct as a specific type of theft, perhaps with a modified penalty. Note that the unauthorized use may begin after a period of authorized use, where, for example, a person rents a car then keeps it for an extra week without permission from the rental company. Another common example occurs when a person fails to report finding lost goods including animals , intending only to keep them until someone asks for their return. When the intent becomes one of keeping the property, it is a theft. Fraudulent conversion In England and Wales , the term fraudulent conversion was applicable to the offences under the Larceny Act 1901 and under sections 20 and 21 of the Larceny Act 1916 . The former offences of fraudulent conversion are replaced by the new offence of theft , contrary to section 1 1 of the Theft Act 1968 . ref Griew, Edward. The Theft Acts 1968 and 1978. Sweet and Maxwell. Fifth Edition. 1986. Paragraph 2 01 at page 12. ref See also Conversion law Embezzlement TWOC References reflist History of English criminal law DEFAULTSORT Criminal Conversion Category Crimes Crime stub ca Apropiaci indeguda de Gebrauchsanma ung es Apropiaci n indebida sv Egenm ktigt f rfarande ... more details
Broadly speaking, a conversion narrative is a narrative that relates the operation of conversion, usually religious. As a specific aspect of American literary and religious history, the conversion narrative was an important facet of Puritan sacred and secular society in New England during a period stretching roughly from 1630 to the end of the First Great Awakening . Definition As defined by Patricia Caldwell, the conversion narrative was a testimony of personal religious experience spoken or read aloud to the entire congregation of a gathered church before admission as evidence of the applicant s visible sainthood ref name caldwell1 Caldwell, Patricia. The Puritan Conversion Narrative The Beginnings of American Expression. New York Cambridge UP, 1983. p. 1 ref Edmund S. Morgan describes the typical morphology of conversion related in the conversion narrative as involving the stages of knowledge, conviction, faith, combat, and true, imperfect assurance. ref name Morgan72 Morgan, Edmund S. Visible Saints The History of a Puritan Idea. Ithaca Cornell UP, 1963. p. 72 ref In Puritan New England The conversion narrative was one of the distinguishing features of the Massachusetts Puritan churches the relation of a conversion narrative emphasized their belief in faith as the essence of the church and they were to ensure the presence of faith in their members by a screening process that included narratives of religious experiences. ref name Morgan104 Morgan, Edmund S. Visible Saints The History of a Puritan Idea. Ithaca Cornell UP, 1963. p. 104 ref In adopting this requirement for membership ... out, the adaptation of the conversion narrative as a requirement for church membership was as important ... of the conversion narrative to the New England Puritan churches was John Cotton Puritan John Cotton ... Puritan Rhetoric Jeremiads and Conversion Narratives http xroads.virginia.edu MA05 peltier conversion ... American Conversion Narrative , Kathryn Peltier Categories Category Articles created via the Article ... more details
Refimprove date October 2008 Brightness temperature is the temperature a black body in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings would have to be to duplicate the observed Intensity heat transfer intensity of a grey body object at a frequency math nu math . This concept is extensively used in radio astronomy and planetary science . For a black body , Planck s law gives ref Rybicki, George B., Lightman, Alan P., 2004 Radiative Processes in Astrophysics , ISBN 978 0 471 82759 7 ref math I nu frac 2 h nu 3 c 2 frac 1 e frac h nu kT 1 math where math I nu math the Intensity physics Intensity or Brightness is the amount of energy per unit surface per unit time per unit solid angle emitted in the frequency range between math nu math and math nu d nu math , math T math is the temperature of the black body, math h math is Planck s constant , math nu math is frequency , math c math is the speed of light ... of the brightness temperature math T b 1 frac k h nu , text ln left 1 frac e frac h nu kT 1 epsilon ... Jeans law math I nu frac 2 nu 2k T c 2 math so that the brightness temperature can be simply written as math T b epsilon T , math In general, the brightness temperature is a function of math nu .... The brightness temperature can be used to calculate the spectral index of a body, in the case ... Jeans regime. That is not at all true Brightness temperature is a useful diagnostic for temperature ... distribution is reintroduced into the expression for brightness temperature we find math T b frac h nu k text Exp h nu k T 1 math So, e.g. for the Sun, where the temperature may be estimated to be 6000K, we can plot the brightness temperature against wavelength and we find that when math h nu k T math is much less than one, the brightness temperature and physical temperature are the same, but at higher temperatures the brightness temperature is much lower. Image with unknown copyright status removed Image brightness temp2.jpg See also Compare with color temperature and effective temperature ... more details
For temperature control in organisms Thermoregulation Unreferenced date August 2009 Temperature control is a process in which change of temperature of a space and objects collectively there within is measured or otherwise detected, and the passage of heat energy into or out of the space is adjusted to achieve a desired average temperature. Control loops A home thermostat is an example of a closed control loop It constantly assesses the current room temperature and controls a heater and or air conditioner to increase or decrease the temperature according to user defined setting s . A simple low cost, cheap thermostat merely switches the heater or air conditioner either on or off, and temporary overshoot and undershoot of the desired average temperature must be expected. A more expensive thermostat varies the amount of heat or cooling provided by the heater or cooler, depending on the difference between the required temperature the setpoint and the actual temperature. This minimizes over undershoot. The process is called PID and is implemented using a PID controller PID Controller . Energy balance An object s or space s temperature increases when heat energy moves into it, increasing the average kinetic energy of its atoms, e.g., of things and air in a room. Heat energy leaving an object or space lowers its temperature. Heat flows from one place to another always from a higher temperature to a lower one by one or more of three processes heat conduction conduction , convection and radiation . In conduction, energy is passed from one atom to another by direct contact. In convection ... or thing, more energy is received than is lost, its temperature increases. If the amount of energy coming in and going out are exactly the same, the temperature stays constant there is thermal ... System Thermodynamic equilibrium External links http www.hbtem.com Global Temperature Controller DEFAULTSORT Temperature Control Category Temperature control ... more details
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