about a contrast in vowels other uses Tension disambiguation In phonology , tenseness is a particular vowel quality that is phoneme phonemically contrastive in many languages, including English language English . It has also occasionally been used to describe contrasts in consonant s. Unlike most distinctive features , the feature tense can be interpreted only relatively, that is, in a language like English that contrasts IPA i e.g. beat and IPA e.g. bit , the former can be described as a tense vowel while the latter is a lax vowel. Another example is Vietnamese language Vietnamese , where the letters and represent lax vowels, and the letters a and the corresponding tense vowels. Some languages like Spanish are often considered as having only tense vowels, but since the quality of tenseness is not a phonemic feature in this language, it cannot be applied to describe its vowels in any meaningful way. Comparison between tense and lax vowels In general, tense vowels are more close and correspondingly have lower first formant s than their lax counterparts. Tense vowels are sometimes claimed to be articulated with a more Advanced and retracted tongue root advanced tongue root than lax vowels, but this varies, and in some languages it is the lax vowels that are more advanced, or a single language may be inconsistent between front and back or high and mid vowels Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996, 302 4 . The traditional definition, that tense vowels are produced with more muscular ... of a syllable. Tenseness in consonants Occasionally, tenseness has been used to distinguish pairs ... of tenseness the former are lax and the latter tense. In this case the definition of tense ... other than greater duration would be associated with tenseness in this case. Some researchers have ... b d is in fact better analyzed as tenseness, since the latter set is voiceless in Southern German. German linguistics call the distinction fortis and lenis rather than tense and lax. Tenseness is especially ... more details
From MoS DAB use ONE LINK per entry, SHORT descriptions. AVOID piping, external links, redlinks with little potential Wiktionarypar tense Tense may refer to Grammatical tense , a temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at, during, or over which a state or action denoted by a verb occurs Tenseness , a phonological quality frequently associated with vowels and occasionally with consonants Tense, a state of muscle contraction See also Tension disambiguation disambig simple Tense tense is a grammatical term which shows verb form. ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 IPA chart vowels A near open vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken language s. The defining characteristic of a near open vowel is that the tongue is positioned similarly to an open vowel , but slightly more constricted. Near open vowels are sometimes described as tenseness lax variants of the fully open vowels Citation needed date February 2007 . The near open vowels for which separate symbols exist in the International Phonetic Alphabet are near open front unrounded vowel IPA near open central vowel IPA IPA navigation DEFAULTSORT Near Open Vowel Category Vowels ar br Vogalenn damzigor fr Voyelle pr ouverte it Vocale quasi aperta ms Vokal hampir luas nl Bijna open klinker no Nesten pen vokal pl Samog oska prawie otwarta ru sr ta uk zh ... more details
The Liver scratch test is a method medical professionals use in ascertaining the location and size of a patient s liver during a physical assessment. It is often used when other techniques, such as the hepatojugular reflux test either fail or are ineffective, most often due to abdominal distention or muscle tenseness. The Liver scratch test uses auscultation to detect the differences in sound transmission through the abdominal cavity over solid and hollow organs and spaces. ref Mosby s Guide to Physical Examination, 6th Edition, 2008, pages 545 547. ref Technique After placing a stethoscope over the approximate location of a patient s liver, a medical professional will then scratch the skin of the patient s abdomen lightly, moving laterally along the liver border. When the liver is encountered, the scratching sound heard in the stethoscope will increase significantly. In this manner, the size and shape of a patient s liver can be ascertained. References reflist Category Physical examination ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In phonetics and phonology , checked vowels are those that usually must be followed by a consonant in a lexical stress stressed syllable , while free vowels are those that may stand in a stressed open syllable with no following consonant. Usage The terms checked vowel and free vowel originated in English language English phonetics and phonology. They are seldom used for the description of other languages, even though a distinction between vowels that usually have to be followed by a consonant and those that do not have to is common in most Germanic languages . The terms checked vowel and free vowel correspond closely to the terms tenseness lax vowel and tense vowel respectively, but many linguists prefer to use the terms checked and free as there is no clearcut phonetic definition of vowel tenseness, and since by most attempted definitions of tenseness IPA and IPA are considered lax, even though they behave in American English as free vowels. Checked vowels is also used to refer to a kind of very short glottalized vowels found in some Zapotecan languages that contrast with laryngealisation laryngealized vowels . The term checked vowel is also used to refer to a short vowel followed by a glottal stop in Mixe languages Mixe , where there is a distinction between two kinds of glottalized syllable nuclei checked ones, with the glottal stop after a short vowel, and nuclei with rearticulated vowels a long vowel with a glottal stop in the middle . English In General American , the five checked vowels are IPA en as in bit IPA as in bet IPA as in bat IPA as in put IPA as in putt There are a few exceptions, mostly in onomatopoeia s yeah IPA j eh IPA duh , huh , uh , uh uh , and uh huh with IPA . The free vowels are IPA en i as in bee IPA e as in bay IPA u as in boo IPA o as in toe , no IPA as in paw doesn t occur in varieties with the Phonological history of the low back vowels low back merger . IPA as in bra IPA ... more details
From MoS DAB use ONE LINK per entry, SHORT descriptions. AVOID piping, external links, redlinks with little potential wiktionary tension Tension may refer to The Void video game The Void video game , also known as Tension in some regions Tension knitting , a factor that affects knitting gauge Suspense or tension, the feeling of uncertainty and interest about the outcome of certain actions an audience perceives Tension film Tension film , a 1949 film by John Berry Science Tension physics , a force related to the stretching of an object the opposite of compression Voltage or electrical tension Muscle tone or residual muscle tension , a partial contraction of the muscles Stress biology or tension Tension geology , a stress which stretches rocks in two opposite directions Music Tension album Tension album , a 2007 album by Dizmas Tension band , a Taiwanese a capella group and boy band Tension , a song by Avenged Sevenfold from Live in the LBC & Diamonds in the Rough Diamonds in the Rough Tension , a song by Orbital from The Altogether Tension , a song by Korn from The Path of Totality See also Tenseness , in phonetics, a phonological quality frequently associated with vowels and occasionally with consonants disambiguation ca Tensi cs Nap t de Tension el es Tensi n fa fr Tension gl Tensi n it Tensione lv Spriegums noz mju atdal ana nl Spanning ja pt Tens o ru simple Tension sk Nap tie sl Napetost sr sh Napetost ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 415838126 ImageFile Methyl DOB.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 1 4 bromo 2,5 dimethoxyphenyl N methylpropan 2 amine OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8261023 InChI 1 C12H18BrNO2 c1 8 14 2 5 9 6 12 16 4 10 13 7 11 9 15 3 h6 8,14H,5H2,1 4H3 InChIKey GURVSGCCXMIFMQ UHFFFAOYAZ ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 351858 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C12H18BrNO2 c1 8 14 2 5 9 6 12 16 4 10 13 7 11 9 15 3 h6 8,14H,5H2,1 4H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey GURVSGCCXMIFMQ UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 155638 80 5 PubChem 10085486 SMILES Brc1cc OC c cc1OC CC NC C Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 12 sub H sub 18 sub BrNO sub 2 sub MolarMass 288.181 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Methyl DOB , or 4 bromo 2,5 di methoxy N methamphetamine methylamphetamine , is a lesser known Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants psychedelic drug . It is similar in structure to 2,5 dimethoxy 4 bromoamphetamine DOB . Methyl DOB was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin . In his book PiHKAL PiHKAL Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved , the minimum dosage is listed as 8 mg, and the effects onset begin after 3 hours and last up to 36 hours. Methyl DOB produces many physical effects, such as mydriasis and muscle tenseness, but few psychoactive effects. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of Methyl DOB. See also Phenethylamine Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants External links http www.erowid.org library books online pihkal pihkal127.shtml Methyl DOB entry in PiHKAL http pihkal.info read.php?domain pk&id 127 Methyl DOB entry in PiHKAL info PiHKAL Category Amphetamines Psychoactive stub fa ... more details
wiktionary lax LAX is the airport identifier code for Los Angeles International Airport . LAX or Lax may also refer to Places Los Angeles Union Station , Los Angeles main train depot Amtrak station code LAX Lax, Switzerland , a municipality of the canton of Valais La Crosse, Wisconsin , a city on the Mississippi River In sports Los Angeles Xtreme , former American Football team Lacrosse , a sport The Latin American Xchange , a professional wrestling stable In media and entertainment LAX album , the third studio album from rapper The Game rapper The Game LAX TV series LAX TV series , a short lived 2004 2005 television series set in LAX airport LAX Nightclub at Luxor Las Vegas LAX, a song by the rapper Xzibit LAX, a song by Snoop Dogg and Ice Cube LAX, a song by Big D and the Kids Table on their album How It Goes LAX, a song by Tom Rothrock , recorded for the 2004 film Collateral film Collateral LA X , the two part Lost season 6 sixth season 2010 premiere of the American Broadcasting Company ABC television show Lost TV series Lost LAX, a song by Hawk Nelson , which is a joke song about airports. In science and academia Laxatives , a concoction that loosens the bowels Peter Lax 1926 , a Hungarian American mathematician Lax pair , a type of differential equation a pair of matrices that solve a differential equation, named after Peter Lax A lax vowel is one that lacks the quality of tenseness See also Laks Laax disambig Category Initialisms de Lax es LAX fr LAX ko LAX it LAX nl Lax ja LAX pl LAX pt Lax ro Lax dezambiguizare sk LAX fi LAX sv Lax tr LAX ... more details
between tones in tonal dialects and tenseness in non tonal dialects. ref name wyyj In Wa, there are nine vowels i, e, , a, , u, , o, . All of these vowels can be tense or lax. Tenseness is a phonemic ... more details
Infobox IPA above Advanced tongue root ATR br Retracted tongue root RTR ipa symbol ipa symbol2 ipa number 417, 418 In phonetics , advanced tongue root and retracted tongue root , abbreviated ATR or RTR, are contrasting states of the root of the tongue during the pronunciation of vowel s in some languages, especially in West Africa, but also in Kazakh language Kazakh and Mongolian language Mongolian . It has in the past been suggested that this may also be the basis of the distinction of Tenseness tense and lax vowels in European languages such as German, but this no longer seems tenable. Citation needed date October 2009 Advanced tongue root Advanced tongue root , abbreviated ATR or ATR, also called expanded , involves the expansion of the pharynx pharyngeal cavity by moving the base of the tongue forward and often lowering the larynx during the pronunciation of a vowel. The lowering of the larynx sometimes adds a breathy voice breathy quality to the vowel. The International Phonetic Alphabet represents ATR with a left tack diacritic , IPA big & x318 big . In languages where they occur, advanced tongue root vowels very often contrast with retracted tongue root RTR vowels in a system of vowel harmony . This occurs commonly in large parts of West Africa . ATR vowels involve a certain tension in the tongue, and often in the Lip lips and jaw as well the ear can often perceive this tension as a brightness narrow formant s compared to RTR vowels. Nonetheless, phoneticians do not refer to ATR vowels as tense vowels , since the word Tenseness tense already has several meanings in European phonetics. Retracted tongue root Retracted tongue root , abbreviated RTR or ATR, is either the neutral position of the tongue during the pronunciation of a vowel, contrasting with advanced tongue root, or the retraction of the base of the tongue in the pharynx during the pronunciation of a vowel, the opposite articulation of advanced tongue root. In this case it is in effect pa ... more details
phonation Onesource date August 2008 The term stiff voice describes the pronunciation of consonants or vowels with a glottal opening narrower, and the vocal cords stiffer, than occurs in modal voice . Although there is no specific IPA diacritic for stiff voice, the voicing diacritic a subscript wedge may be used in conjunction with the symbol for a voiced consonant . ref name SOWL96 SOWL ref In Bru language Bru , for example, stiff voiced vowels have tenseness in the glottis and pharynx without going so far as to be creaky voice d, whereas slack voiced vowels are lax in the glottis without going so far as to be breathy voice . ref Gordon & Ladefoged, 2001. http www.linguistics.ucsb.edu faculty gordon phonation.pdf Phonation types A cross linguistic overview , Journal of Phonetics 29 383 406 ref One language with stiff voice is Thai language Thai ref name SOWL96 class wikitable phonation Thai alphabet Thai IPA trans. Thai IPA translation stiff voice IPA b crazy IPA d curse , scold tenuis consonant tenuis IPA p aunt IPA t eye Aspiration phonetics aspirated IPA p cloth IPA t landing place Javanese language Javanese contrasts stiff and slack voice d bilabial, dental, retroflex, and velar stops ref name SOWL96 class wikitable phonation IPA trans. IPA trans. IPA translation IPA trans. IPA trans. stiff voice IPA b aku nail IPA d amu guest IPA d z ari sheet of paper IPA i i little IPA ali river slack voice IPA b aku standard IPA d amu blow IPA d z arit type of women s clothing IPA isi first IPA ali dig Mpi language Mpi Loloish languages Loloish contrasts modals and stiff voice in its vowels. This is not phonetic register register for each of the six Mpi tones, a word may have either a modal or stiff voiced vowel. For example, low tone contrasts IPA s blood and IPA s seven . ref name SOWL96 References Reflist Category Phonation br Mouezh reut ... more details
to write the Fortis phonetics Tenseness tense ejective sound IPA q in Chechen language Chechen , Archi ... consonants. is used in Avar language Avar to write the Fortis phonetics Tenseness tense ejective ... and in Avar language Avar for the Fortis phonetics Tenseness tense sound IPA t cf. for IPA ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 The Fordham Experiment was an experiment done as part of a course on The Effects of Television by Eric McLuhan and Harley Parker at Fordham University in 1967 or 1968. The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate to the students that there was a difference between the effects of movies and those of TV on an audience, and to try to ascertain what some of those differences might be. The distinction was thought to occur because movies present reflected light light on to the viewer, while a TV picture is back lit light through . The experimenters showed two movies, a documentary and a film with little story line about horses, sequentially to two groups of equivalent size, and had the viewers write a half a page of comments of their reactions. The groups reactions to one of the films were roughly similar. Distinct reactions, however, were found for the other. Generally, the light on movie presentation was perceived as having lowered tactility and heightened visuality, as compared to the heightened tactility and lessened visuality of the light through TV presentation. Visualility dropped from light on to light through Comments on cinematic technique dropped from 36 with light on to below 20 with light through Comments on specific scenes dropped from 51 to 20 Objective comments on a sense of power in the animals dropped from 60 to 20 Tactility increased from light on to light through Comments on sensory evocation and a sense of involvement and tenseness increased from 6 with light on to 36 with light through Comments on a feeling of a loss of sense of time rose from 6 to 40 Comments on a sense of total involvement rose from 15 to 64 Comments on a sense of total emotional involvement rose from 12 to 48 The researchers concluded that the light on subjects exhibited a sensory shift characterized by a drop in visual sense and an increase in tactile sense. Although this experiment has validity, it does not deal directly with the central point ... more details
, but they differ in gemination length . A difference in tenseness is also discussed. It has not been established whether length or tenseness is the primary feature that distinguishes these pairs ... more details
align center font size larger width 3em IPA f Tenseness Strong articulation style text align center font size larger IPA v Tenseness Weak articulation colspan 4 Articulation style text align center ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 413104645 ImageFile DOAM.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2 2,5 Dimethoxy 4 pentyl phenyl 1 methyl ethylamine OtherNames 2,5 Dimethoxy 4 amyl amphetamine br 2,5 Dimethoxy 4 amyl 1 ethyl alpha methyl amine Section1 Chembox Identifiers Abbreviations DOAM ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 10440619 InChI 1 C16H27NO2 c1 5 6 7 8 13 10 16 19 4 14 9 12 2 17 11 15 13 18 3 h10 12H,5 9,17H2,1 4H3 InChIKey VLJORLCVOAUUKM UHFFFAOYAN SMILES1 COc1cc CCCCC c cc1CC C N OC ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 161416 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C16H27NO2 c1 5 6 7 8 13 10 16 19 4 14 9 12 2 17 11 15 13 18 3 h10 12H,5 9,17H2,1 4H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey VLJORLCVOAUUKM UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 63779 90 8 PubChem SMILES CCCCCC1 CC OC C CC C N C C1OC Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 16 sub H sub 27 sub NO sub 2 sub MolarMass 265.39 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Dimethoxy 4 amylamphetamine DOAM is a lesser known Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants psychedelic drug and a substituted amphetamine . DOAM was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin . In his book PiHKAL PiHKAL Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved , the minimum dosage is listed as 10 mg, and the duration is unknown. DOAM produces a bare threshold and tenseness. As the 4 alkyl chain length is increased from shorter homologues such as DOM, DOET and DOPR which are all potent hallucinogens, the 5 HT sub 2 sub Dissociation constant Protein ligand binding binding affinity increases, rising to a maximum with the 4 n hexyl derivative before falling again with even longer chains, but compounds with chain length longer than n propyl, or with other bulky groups such as isopropyl, t butyl or phenylpropyl at the 4 position, fail to substitute for hallucinogens in animals or produce hallucinogenic effects in humans, suggesting thes ... more details
Infobox language name Minjiang dialect nativename pronunciation IPA xx min t ia xa states China region Sichuan , Chongqing , Guizhou and Yunnan speakers About 30 million familycolor Sino Tibetan fam2 Chinese languages Chinese fam3 Mandarin Chinese Mandarin small Disputed small fam4 Southwestern Mandarin Southwestern Sichuanese Mandarin Sichuanese small Disputed small map Sichuanese en.png mapcaption Minjiang is the central light khaki green area around the cities of Dujiangyan, Leshan, Yibin, Qijiang, Xichong sc n , Xichang sc sw , and an area to the east. Minjiang dialect zh s linktext t linktext , IPA xx min t ia xa local zh p M nji nghu , is a branch of Sichuanese Mandarin Sichuanese , spoken mainly in the Min River Sichuan Minjiang River valley or along the Yangtze River in the southern and western parts of the Sichuan Basin . There is also a language island of Minjiang dialect located in the center of Sichuan Basin covering three counties Xichong County Xichong , Yanting , and Shehong . The most primary characteristic of the Minjiang dialect is that the stop consonant s for checked tone syllables in Middle Chinese have developed into Tenseness tense vowels to create a phonemic contrast, and in several cities and counties the tense vowels retain a following glottal stop . It also keeps many characteristics of Middle Bashu s phonology and vocabulary. ref name cite book author title year 1997 publisher chapter isbn 7 5621 1603 2 ref ref name 2009 8 6 ref Due to these characteristics, the status of Minjiang dialect is disputed among linguists, with some classifying it as Southwestern Mandarin , ref name 2009 1 ref and others setting it apart as a successor of Middle Bashu . ref name 1997 5 ref References reflist Sichuanese Chinese language Categ ... more details
glottal constriction and tenseness in the walls of the vocal tract. ref Harvcoltxt Ladefoged ... f s x vs. IPA b d v z . See also Irish phonology Fortis and lenis sonorants Irish phonology Tenseness ... more details
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