citations missing date November 2009 A territorialdispute is a disagreement over the possession control of land between two or more sovereign state state s or over the possession or control of land by a new state and occupying power after it has conquered the land from a former state no longer currently recognized by the new state. Image Kashmir map big.jpg right thumb 250px A map showing the Kashmir conflict disputed territory of Kashmir . Context and definitions These disputes are often related to the possession of natural resource s such as river s, fertile farmland, mineral or Petroleum oil resources although the disputes can also be driven by culture , religion and ethnic nationalism . Territorial disputes result often from vague and unclear language in a treaty that set up the original boundary. Territorial disputes are a major cause of war s and terrorism as states often try to assert their sovereignty over a territory through invasion, and non state entities try to influence the actions of politicians through terrorism. International law does not support the use of force by one ... FloridaStateUniversity International Border Studies Category Disputed territories Territorialdispute ... against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner ... not have the legitimacy of an agreed international boundary. The term border dispute applies ... forces. Even though a long term occupation is generally maintained as a means to act upon a territorial ... disputes and other territorial claims that one party justifies on the basis of former cultural or ethnic attachment. See also List of territorial disputes Fait accompli Status quo ante bellum Thalweg ... after the chronological lists of statesmen of Territorial Disputes it is party to https www.cia.gov library publications the world factbook fields 2070.html Territorial disputes in CIA World Factbook ... disputado ru simple Border dispute uk zh ... more details
on September 21, 1981, with the territorialdispute unresolved. Significant negotiations between Belize ... Ta, and Farok Afero title Belize Guatemala territorialdispute and its implications for conservation ...Image LocationBelizeandGuatemala.png right thumb 280px Belize and Guatemala The Belizean Guatemalan territorialdispute is an unresolved binational territorialdispute between the states of Belize and Guatemala , neighbours in Central America . Belize or Belizean controlled territory has been claimed in whole or in part by Guatemala since 1940. Early colonial era see also History of Belize The present dispute originates with imperial Spain s claim to all New World territories west of the line established in the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. England, like other emerging powers of the late 15th century, did not recognize the treaty that divided the world between Spain and Portugal . After the native Mayans had ejected Spanish conquistadors and missionaries from Tipu and surrounding areas, shipwrecked English seamen, then English and Scottish Baymen , settled by 1638, making their presence permanent by 1779, with a short military alliance with Amerindians from the Mosquito Coast south of Belize, and often welcoming former British privateers . ref name Bolland Bolland, Nigel. Belize Historical Setting . In A Country Study Belize Tim Merrill, editor . Library of Congress Federal Research ... line, and to continue negotiations aimed at resolving their dispute. In June 2008, Belizean Prime Minister Dean Barrow said resolving the dispute is the biggest goal. He proposed referenda for the citizens ... Legal Opinion on Guatemala s Territorial Claim to Belize and http www.belize guatemala.gov.bz library ... Category History of Guatemala Category Politics of Guatemala Category Territorial disputes of Guatemala Category Territorial disputes of Belize Category Belize Guatemala border Category Belize Guatemala relations es Diferendo territorial entre Guatemala y Belice ... more details
Infobox military conflict conflict Ecuadorian Peruvian TerritorialDispute of 1857 1860 partof the Ecuadorian Peruvian TerritorialDispute image File Fragata Apur mac 1855.jpg 300px caption The Peruvian ... marked the end of the territorialdispute between the two countries. However, in September ... counterpart this re opened the territorialdispute. The dispute is sometimes referred to as the Ecuadorian ... arrived in Quito tasked among other things with seeking to resolve the territorialdispute. ref El as ... Peruvian territorialdispute Real Cedula of 1802 Real C dula of 1802 a decree ordering the transfer ... Peruvian territorialdispute ongoing territorialdispute between the two countries remained ... strength2 casualties1 casualties2 notes campaignbox Campaignbox Ecuadorian Peruvian A territorialdispute between Ecuador and Peru took place between 1857 and 1860. The dispute began when Ecuador ... the duration of the dispute, although a detachment of Peruvian forces pledged by Castilla in the Treaty ... to El as Murgu a & Nieto V lez p. 492 , the British Crown had no part in the territorial dealings ... of Real C dulas royal decrees issued by the Spanish Crown . These haphazard territorial definitions ... s view that the Real C dula of 1802 did not transfer territorial rights to the Viceroyalty of Peru ... Britain, which distanced themselves from the dispute. ref name Paredes255 1858 Peru retaliates ... countrymen, instructing them to accept Peru as their ally against Robles, despite the territorialdispute and blockading actions. Shortly afterwards, Garc a Moreno traveled to Guayaquil, where he met ... a sole government with which they could negotiate an agreement to end the blockade and the territorialdispute. ref name edufuturo October 1859 Quote box width 300px You have broken your promises ... of territorial sovereignty. According to the agreement signed between the governments, the government ... exactly such matters with Castilla a preliminary convention regarding the territorial situation ... more details
territorialdispute partof date June 3, 1828 October 26, 1998 place Ecuador and Peru image File Ecuador ... File Flag of Peru.svg 20px border Peru Campaignbox Ecuadorian Peruvian The territorialdispute ... territorialdispute to an end, but in 1960 the then president of Ecuador Dr. Jos M Velasco Ibarra ... dispute of 1857 1860 main Ecuadorian Peruvian territorialdispute of 1857 1860 This was an expensive ... Hemisphere. ref http www.historyguy.com hgnews ecuador peru.html ref This dispute was a consequence ... from the Spanish crown in 1821 and 1819, respectively, this dispute led to the Gran Colombia Peru War ... of territories in the Amazon basin for debt with the British creditors, and the dispute over the territories ..., with the new Peruvian government following suit several years later. The dispute continued through ... a framework for ending a border dispute. Formal demarcation of border regions started on May ... bringing an end to the dispute, almost two centuries after the South American nations or their predecessors ... Amaru , the last Inca emperor, was captured and executed in Cuzco . Territorial division of the Viceroyalty of Peru File Audencias of Viceroyalty of Peru.PNG thumb right Territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty ... of the dispute of 1857 1860, it was stated that the Real C dula of 1802 and the documents proving ... power was purely military and wikt ecclesiastical ecclesiastic cal in nature, or territorial as well, formed the basis for an imprecise territorial situation between Ecuador and Peru when the two nations ... the geography of the region in order to clarify the territorial limits after nine years, following ... principle as the basis for the territorial demarcation of the new nation states that were to be born ..., nonetheless, but precise territorial demarcation was left for a later treaty . http www.congreso.gob.pe ... named Ja n de Bracamoros in dispute. It was decided by Pedemonte and Mosquera that on a later date ... comisiones 1999 exteriores Libroweb cap3.html Territorial negotiations failed in 1842 as the Ecuadorian ... more details
File Map of Aouzou stip chad.PNG 200px thumb right Aouzou Strip The Case Concerning the TerritorialDispute Great Socialist People s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad was brought before the International Court of Justice in 1994 and decided by the court in 1994. The case was won by Chad, whose sovereignty over Aouzou Strip was affirmed by a majority of 16 to 1 . See also Chadian Libyan conflict External links http www.icj cij.org docket index.php?p1 3&p2 3&code dt&case 83&k cd The case documents on ICJ website Category International Court of Justice cases Category Territorial disputes of Chad Category Territorial disputes of Libya Category Chad Libya border Category 1994 in case law Category 1994 in Chad Category 1994 in Libya Category 1994 in international relations Chad stub International law stub Libya stub ... more details
Waterfront dispute may refer to 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute 1998 Australian waterfront dispute 2012 Auckland waterfront dispute disambig ... more details
The Leticia dispute was a 20th century territorialdispute between Colombia and Peru . It concerned a trapezoid of territory which connected Colombia to the Amazon River and its port of Leticia, Colombia Leticia . Although the area is remote and characterized by jungle tropical jungle , it has some strategic importance because it is Colombia s only outlet to the Amazon River and by extension to the South Atlantic. The port of Leticia had been founded by Peruvians in the 19th Century, but, despite popular protests in Peru, had been ceded to Colombia in a 1922 Treaty. In late 1932 an armed band of Peruvian civilians and soldiers supposedly acting without Peruvian government approval took Leticia and forced the Colombian residents to flee. The Peruvian President tried to disassociate himself from these actions, but popular opinion quickly forced him to support the seizure of Leticia. The Colombian Government Colombia Peru War responded forcefully , sending an expeditionary force which defeated the Peruvians and retook Leticia. The League of Nations was asked to mediate with the support of Brazil ian diplomats, and eventually oversaw the peaceful return of the area to Colombian control. The process generated an interesting historical precedent for the first time ever soldiers wore the armband of an international organization the League of Nations as they performed peacekeeping duties. The soldiers were Colombian, and the use of the League armbands was primarily a face saving device to permit the Peruvians to leave without appearing to submit to the Colombians. Nevertheless, the use of these 75 Colombian soldiers as international peacekeepers was an antecedent of United Nations peacekeeping several decades later. See also Colombia Peru War References Child, Jack, Peace keeping and the Inter American System , Military Review , vol.LX, no. 10, October 1980. Tenenbaum, Barbara ... volumes , p. 407. Category Territorial disputes of Colombia Category Territorial disputes of Peru ... more details
Image Chazimal dispute map 01.jpg right thumb 480px Map of the Chamizal Settlement of 1963 The Chamizal dispute was a Rio Grande Border Disputes border conflict over about convert 600 acres km2 on the U.S. Mexico border between El Paso, Texas , and Ciudad Ju rez, Chihuahua . It was caused by differences between the bed of the Rio Grande in lang es R o Bravo del Norte as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. ref name latimes Los Angeles Times Dec 22, 1963 End to the El Chamizal Affair ref The Spanish word chamizal comes from chamizo, the common name for the four wing saltbush Atriplex canescens which covered the disputed land near the present day park. Origins 1848&ndash 1895 The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which officially ended the Mexican American War and the Treaty of 1884 were the agreements originally responsible for the settlement of the international border, both of which specified that the middle of Rio Grande was the border &ndash irrespective of any alterations in the channels or banks. The Treaty of 1884 went on to maintain that the alterations had to result ... the dispute settled by the International Boundary Commission , ref name latimes and a tribunal was established ... not conform to the agreements of the arbitration &ndash fuelling a dispute between the two governments ... of the Chamizal in the Rio Grande Rectification Project . The dispute continued to affect Mexico ... of the dispute would strengthen the Alliance for Progress and solidify the Organization of American ... signaling the peaceful end of the Chamizal dispute on 25 September 1964. The dispute was formally settled ... the dispute officially. On 17 September 1963, the U.S. Congress introduced the American Mexican Chamizal ... of Texas Online Chamizal Dispute coord 31 45 30 N 106 27 30 W source kolossus ptwiki display ... International territorial disputes of the United States Category Mexico United States border Category Territorial disputes of Mexico Category Arbitration cases es El Chamizal fr Chamizal pt Chamizal ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 refimprove March 2009 A dispute board or dispute review board DRB or dispute adjudication board DAB is a job site dispute adjudication process, typically comprising ... between Dispute Review Boards and most other Alternate Dispute Review techniques and possibly the reason why or Dispute Review Boards have had such success in recent years is that the Dispute Review ... thereafter . ref Chern on Dispute Boards Wiley Blackwell Publishing 2007 ref A Dispute Board becomes ... of the contracting parties. It has real time value. The idea behind a standing Dispute resolution Dispute Resolution Board is that it may be called upon early in the evolution of any dispute ... for the matter to be referred to arbitration or to the courts if the Dispute Review Board s decision does not find acceptance by the parties. Thus a Dispute Resolution Board may be likened to the United ... established by statute itself . What a Dispute Review Board does that United Kingdom statutory adjudication ..., which is less often discussed, is that by establishing a Dispute Board from the inception of the project the Dispute Board members become part of the project team and are thought of in a different ... Dispute Board or Dispute Review Board are generic terms and include a the Dispute Review Board DRB which is a device that originated in the USA and provides non binding recommendations b the Dispute ... a decision that has interim binding force and c the Combined Dispute Board CDB , which is a hybrid of Dispute Review Boards and Dispute Adjudication Boards which was created by the International Chamber of Commerce in 2004. Various other terms have been used such as Dispute Settlement Panel, Dispute Mediation Board, Dispute Avoidance Panel and Dispute Conciliation Panel. Fundamentally these different varieties of Dispute Review devices are the same, each providing early adjudication based on the contractual bargain between the parties. A Dispute Review Board is a creature of contract the parties ... more details
s dispute resolution guidelines, see Wikipedia Dispute resolution . ADR Dispute resolution is the process of resolving disputes between party law parties . Methods Methods of dispute resolution ..., but dispute resolution practitioners do not usually do so violence rarely ends disputes effectively ..., violence could theoretically end disputes, but alongside it, life. Dispute resolution processes fall ... conflict intractable disputes form a special area in dispute resolution studies. Citation needed date May 2007 Dispute Resolution is an important requirement in International Trade Negotiation, Mediation ... & 303 ref Judicial dispute resolution The legal system provides a necessary structure for the resolution ... importantly, many people want a professional advocate when they become involved in a dispute, particularly if the dispute involves perceived legal rights, legal wrongdoing, or threat of legal action against them. The most common form of judicial dispute resolution is litigation. Litigation is initiated ... the right to appeal the judgment to a higher court. Judicial dispute resolution is typically adversarial ... however, trained and qualified non legal dispute resolution specialists form a growing body ... ADR programs annexed to the courts, to facilitate settlement of lawsuits. Extrajudicial dispute resolution Some use the term dispute resolution to refer only to alternative dispute resolution ADR , that is, extrajudicial ... by the parties to use ADR processes, either before or after a dispute has arisen. ADR has ... of grievances in the court s, suggesting that extrajudicial dispute resolution may not offer the fairest way for parties not in an equal bargaining relationship, for example in a dispute between ... processes may become as expensive as litigation or more so. Citation needed date May 2007 Online dispute resolution Dispute resolution can also take place on line or by using technology in certain cases. Online dispute resolution , a growing field of dispute resolution, uses new technologies to solve ... more details
islands and island groups Territorial waters and air space br approximate extent Image Aegean 6 nm.svg thumb center 250px 6 nm Current territorial waters. White High Seas. Image Aegean 10 nm.svg ... dispute is a set of interrelated controversial issues between Greece and Turkey over sovereignty ... The boundary delimitation delimitation of the territorial waters , The delimitation of the national ... its coastline. As the breadth of maritime and areal zones of influence, such as the territorial waters ... 2001 Two facets of the Aegean Sea dispute de lege lata and de lege ferenda . In K. Ba lar ed. , Turkey and international law. Ankara. http www.turkishweekly.net pdf aegean sea.pdf ref The territorial waters Territorial waters give the littoral state full control over air navigation in the airspace ... guaranteed innocent passage through them. The standard width of territorial waters that countries ... of the Sea of 1982 Art.3 . In the Aegean the territorial waters claimed by both sides are still ... of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state . ref name ba lar ... territory and its adjacent territorial waters. National airspace gives the sovereign state a large ... international treaties, foreign military and other state aircraft unlike military vessels in the territorial ... is exceptional, as it does not coincide with the boundary of the territorial waters. Greece claims convert 10 nmi km of airspace, as opposed to currently 6 miles of territorial waters. Since 1974 ... beyond the Greek territorial waters. Turkey cites the statutes of the International Civil Aviation ... Greek territorial waters are set at the 6 mile boundary only because of Turkey s casus belli see above ... 100010 20 05 2003 29809 . ref The continental shelf In the context of the Aegean dispute, the term ... on and under the sea bed, for instance Petroleum oil drilling , in an area adjacent to its territorial ... Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982. The dispute between Turkey and Greece is to what ... more details
cleanup date October 2008 unreferenced date October 2008 For the band, see La Dispute band . La Dispute is a prose comedy written by Pierre de Marivaux , shown for the first time on 19 October 1744 by the Theatre Italien in the Hotel de Bourgogne. The story involves four orphans 2 boys and 2 girls that have been raised in isolation, from the world and from each other. An aristocrat releases four human guinea pigs into a sinister Garden of Eden Garden of Eden to cause them to consider the question of whether man or woman is more faithful. One of Marivaux s last pieces, La Dispute was received as a huge failure. It is a funny, erotic and cruel masterpiece. An adaptation was produced at Dublin s Peacock Theatre in early 2009. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically references Categories Links to the same article in other languages if the articles exist already see Help Interlanguage links DEFAULTSORT Dispute, La Category Italian plays 18thC play stub de La Dispute fr La Dispute Marivaux ... more details
Infobox film name A Chess Dispute image AChessDispute.jpg image size caption Screenshot from the film director Robert W. Paul producer Robert W. Paul writer narrator starring music cinematography Robert W. Paul editing studio Paul s Animatograph Works distributor released film date 1903 8 runtime 1 min country Film UK language Silent film Silent budget A Chess Dispute is an 1903 in film 1903 UK British Short subject short black and white film black and white silent film silent comedy film , directed by Robert W. Paul , featuring two gentlemen in a comedic fight following a disputed chess move. It is included on the BFI DVD R.W. Paul The Collected Films 1895 1908 . ref name BFIdb01 cite web title A CHESS DISPUTE first last coauthors url http ftvdb.bfi.org.uk sift title 65091 work BFI Film & TV Database date accessdate 2011 04 24 ref ref name SEsfl01 cite web title A Chess Dispute first last coauthors url http www.silentera.com PSFL data C ChessDispute1903.html work Silent Era Progressive Silent Film List date accessdate 2011 04 24 ref References reflist External links imdb title id 0000430 title A Chess Dispute CinemaoftheUK DEFAULTSORT Chess Dispute, A Category Black and white films Category British silent short films ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A demarcation dispute occurs when two labour unions claim the right to represent the same class or group of workers. This is particularly important in compulsory arbitration systems of industrial relations, as in Australia where only one union may be the registered representative of a particular type of worker. Portal Organized labour DEFAULTSORT Demarcation Dispute Category Labor Union stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Wikify date October 2009 A dispute pyramid is an upside down triangle that illustrates how many grievances result in legal proceedings, such as a trial or Hearing law hearing . Court filings are at the bottom as the smallest amount, then lawyers, then Cause of action claims , and finally grievances at the top with the largest number. It demonstrates how a large number of grievances, for example, one thousand, will filter down to around seven hundred claims, only one hundred lawyers will be hired, and only fifty court filings will occur out of those one thousand grievances. Researchers believe that approximately one in every twenty cases that could potentially be brought to court will actually be brought to court. The reason for this phenomenon is the existence of settlement litigation settlements outside the court itself, and the pyramid demonstrates this through numbers. References Miller, Mark C. 2009 . Exploring Judicial Politics . New York Oxford University Press. DEFAULTSORT Dispute Pyramid Category Dispute resolution ... more details
was the focus of a major industrial relations dispute from 1983 to 1985 in Australia s Northern ... Abattoir Dispute of 1985 published in Labour History , Number 76, May 1999 ref ref Jim Kitay The Mudginberri Abattoir Dispute of 1985 Response published in Labour History , Number 80, May 2001 ref ... Dispute of 1985 Response published in Labour History , Number 80, May 2001 ref According to Anderson ... dispute. And, as such, they found against us that we had to pay the damages that he had incurred during that industrial dispute... ref Allan Anderson, http asslh.org.au sydney hummer vol2no7 mudgin.htm ... in the dispute. Paul Houlihan, Industrial Director of the NFF claimed the NFF wanted to get involved in the dispute due to the extreme inefficiencies that exist in most parts of the meat processing industry ... The Dispute In 1983, the Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union AMIEU served a log of claims ... abattoir. In July 1984, the AMIEU increased pressure on the dispute by setting up picket line s at two Northern Territory abattoirs &mdash Point Stuart and Mudginberri. A settlement of this dispute led ..., p23, as referenced in Bernie Brian, The Mudginberri Abattoir Dispute of 1985 published in Labour ... Dispute of 1985 published in Labour History , Number 76, May 1999 ref The picket received ACTU endorsement ... to stop the dispute. As a result, Jay Pendarvis, the owner of Mudginberri abattoir, obtained ..., refused to attend saying the dispute was sub judice . On 12 August the employers faxed their terms of settlement for the dispute to the Prime Minister which included removal of all picket lines ... Abattoir Dispute of 1985 published in Labour History , Number 76, May 1999 ref AMIEU ... September 1995, as referenced in Bernie Brian, The Mudginberri Abattoir Dispute of 1985 published in Labour ... to the dispute and on 27 August lodged with the Arbitration Commission an application to vary ... industry in the NT. Aftermath The dispute had come at the expense of a four month picket line and a total ... more details
More footnotes date September 2010 The Wapping dispute was, along with the UK miners strike 1984 1985 miners strike of 1984 5 , a significant turning point in the history of the trade union movement and of UK industrial relations. It started on 24 January 1986 when some 6,000 newspaper workers went on strike after protracted negotiation with their employers, News International parent of Times Newspapers and News Group Newspapers, and chaired by Rupert Murdoch . News International had built and clandestinely equipped a new printing plant for all its titles in the London district of Wapping , and when the print unions announced a strike it activated this new plant with the assistance of the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union EETPU . Although individual members of the National ... accepted this advice and refused to go to Wapping. During the dispute they became known as refusenik ... . Eddie Shah s Messenger group, in a long running and bitter dispute at Warrington had ... refused to go and became known during the dispute as refusenik s . The NUJ was represented alongside .... Start of dispute Immediately after the strike was announced on Jan 24, 1986, dismissal notices ... Post . And so began what became known as the Wapping dispute. In support of sacked members, the print ... peaceful means to resolve the dispute. Like the miners strike, large demonstrations were mounted ... members of the public were injured, and more than 1,000 arrests made during the dispute. A large ... throughout the year of the dispute s duration. Collapse of strike News International s strategy in Wapping ... and a complement of leading journalists. The company was therefore content to allow the dispute ... S Littleton, The Wapping Dispute An Examination of the Conflict & Its Impact on the National Newspaper ... M Richardson, Leadership, Mobilisation and the 1986 87 News International dispute , Paper submitted ... DEFAULTSORT Wapping Dispute Category 1986 labor disputes and strikes Category 1987 labor disputes ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2008 For semantic arguments in linguistics , see verb argument . A semantic dispute is a consensus disagreement that arises if the parties involved disagree about whether a particular claim is true, not because they disagree on material facts, but rather because they disagree on the definition s of a word or several words essential to formulating the claim at issue. It is sometimes held that semantic disputes are not genuine disputes at all. But very often they are regarded as perfectly genuine, e.g., in philosophy . It is also sometimes held that when a semantic dispute arises, the focus of the debate should switch from the original thesis to the meaning of the terms of which there are different definitions understandings, concepts, etc. . The result of semantic dispute is similar to the logical fallacy of equivocation . One example is the differing set of interpretations of UN Security Council Resolution 242 , which calls on Israel to withdraw from territories occupied in the 1967 Six Day War . Many parties, including the government of Israel, hold that this phrase does not mean that Israel should withdraw from all such territories, else the Security Council would have said from the territories occupied . Others, including all of the Arab states, hold that the resolution calls for withdrawal from all of the occupied territories. Other common traps for semantic disputes include the usage of words such as liberalism liberal , democracy democrat , conservatism conservative , republicanism republican , progressivism progressive , Freedom political free , Social welfare welfare or socialist whose meanings in English, or in the United States, are often quite different from how similar words are understood in other languages, countries, or cultures. See also Semantic discord Category Semantics Category Discourse analysis ... more details
orphan date July 2010 A dispute mechanism is a structured process ref cite web author By Kyle url http baseswiki.org en Category Mechanism title BASESwiki Dispute Mechanism Database publisher Baseswiki.org date 2010 05 11 accessdate 2010 05 17 ref that addresses disputes or grievances that arise between two or more parties engaged in business, legal, or societal relationships. Dispute mechanisms are used in dispute resolution , and may incorporate conciliation , conflict resolution , mediation , and negotiation . Otherwise known as grievance mechanisms , dispute mechanisms are typical non judicial ref name unglobalcompact1 cite web url http www.unglobalcompact.org docs issues doc human rights Human Rights Working Group 29Apr08 7 Report of SRSG to HRC.pdf title 0812861 format PDF date accessdate 2010 05 17 ref in nature, meaning that they are not resolved within the court of law. According to research produced by the non judicial grievance mechanism task force of John Ruggie, Special Representative of Business and Human Rights to the United Nations, those who design and oversee non judicial mechanisms should acknowledge core human rights processes defined by all core all core UN human rights treaties. ref These principles, based on more specific guidance developed for companies, apply across non judicial mechanisms of different kinds. See http www.business humanrights.org Links Repository 308254 link page view. ref Dispute mechanisms comprise a way for Social responsibility socially responsible businesses to meet requirements of corporate responsibility related agreements or pacts ... Baseswiki.org date 2010 05 07 accessdate 2010 05 17 ref Dispute mechanisms are an increasingly effective ... Dispute resolution Mediation Ombudsman Alternative dispute resolution ADR div col end References references External links http baseswiki.org en Category Mechanism Database of Dispute Mechanisms ... SRSG Consultation Discussion Forum on Non Judicial Grievance Mechanisms Category Dispute ... more details
distinguish2 the 1846 Zurich dispute between August Ludwig Follen and Arnold Ruge File Fichte.PNG right thumb Appeal to the Public The Atheism Dispute was an event in German cultural history that lasted between 1798 1800 which had an effect on the German philosophy of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. History In 1798, Johann Gottlieb Fichte was accused of atheism after publishing his essay ber den Grund unsers Glaubens an eine g ttliche Weltregierung On the Ground of Our Belief in a Divine World Governance which he had written in response to Friedrich Karl Forberg s essay Development of the Concept of Religion in his Philosophical Journal. Forberg had claimed that unbelievers could be moral if they act as if an all&ndash seeing and punishing God exists. In his brief essay, Fichte attempted to sketch some of his preliminary ideas on philosophy of religion formulated within his Wissenschaftslehre doctrine of science . He characterized God as the living moral order of the world. ref Cite NIE Fichte, Johann Gottlieb year 1905 ref On the Ground of Our Belief in a Divine World Governance provoked the publication of anonymous essay that accused both Fichte and Forberg of atheism and called for Fichte s dismissal from his post at the University of Jena . In the wake of the dispute, many essays were published in defense and against Fichte, as well as defense by Fichte himself. Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi eventually published his famous open letter to Fichte, which saw the first use of the word nihilism, and in which he equated philosophy in general and Fichte s transcendental philosophy in particular with nihilism . This dispute caused German authorities to suppress the original essay as well as threaten the University of Jena itself with preventing enrollment. Fichte was eventually forced to resign his position at Jena and to flee to Berlin as a result of previously made statements in which he threated to resign if he were subjected to official government reprimand ... more details
Refimprove date August 2008 Confusing section date October 2009 Politics of Cyprus The Cyprus dispute is the result of the ongoing conflict between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots , including Turkey and Greece . Initially, with the Modern history of Cyprus Interwar period annexation of the island by the British Empire , the Cyprus dispute was identified as the conflict between the people of Cyprus and The Crown the British Crown regarding the Cypriots demand for self determination . The dispute however was finally shifted from a colonial dispute to an ethnic dispute between the Turkish and the Greek islanders. ref Anthony Eden, Memoirs, Full Circle, Cassell, London 1960 ref The international complications of the dispute stretch far beyond the boundaries of the island of Cyprus itself and involve Z rich and London Agreement Treaty of Guarantee the guarantor powers Turkey , Greece , and the United Kingdom alike , along with the United States , the United Nations and the European Union . With Turkey s military action of 1974 disapproved by UN Security Council Resolution 1974 360 , ref http www.un.org documents sc res 1974 scres74.htm ref Turkey occupied the northern part of the internationally recognised Republic of Cyprus , and later upon those territories the Turkish Cypriots Turkish Cypriot community unilaterally declared independence forming the Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus TRNC , a sovereign entity that lacks international recognition with the exception of Turkey with which TRNC enjoys full diplomatic relations. After the two communities and the guarantor countries have committed themselves in finding a peaceful solution over the dispute, the United Nations have since created and maintained a buffer zone the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus ... and territorial integrity of Cyprus, necessitating a series of UN Resolutions calling, inter alia, for respect of the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Cyprus. ref name Humanrights.coe.int ... more details
The Grunwick dispute was an industrial dispute involving trade union recognition at the Grunwick Film ... a decade of industrial unrest, the Grunwick dispute became a cause c l bre of trade unionism and labour ... of 550 arrests made during the strike was at the time the highest such figure in any industrial dispute ... title Grunwick strikers call it a day ref Journalist Paul Foot described the dispute as a central ... 2003 ref rp at 1 15 The dispute was reported nightly on the national television news, depicting the often ... title Callaghan had Scargill watched as Grunwick dispute escalated date 28 December 2007 accessdate ... time that this paramilitary police unit had been deployed in an industrial dispute. ref name ... the first dispute where the majority of strikers were from an minority group ethnic minority ... and the workers strike committee announced the end of the dispute in June 1978. The repercussions of the strike ... of the dispute, the firm operated on a postal basis, in which customers mailed undeveloped .... In 1973, there had been a previous dispute over union recognition at Grunwick, and a number of workers ... Brent South , Laurence Pavitt , said that in his dealings with the company over many years prior to the dispute ... Socialism issn 17544653 issue 101 date September 1977 location London ref However, the dispute ... of State for Employment , Albert Booth , establish a court of inquiry into the dispute. On 7 September Grantham addressed the TUC s Annual Congress regarding the Grunwick dispute. As a result ... firm involved in industrial dispute ref Union of Post Office Workers boycott When the strike began ... with ACAS to end the dispute and criticised the involvement of NAFF, saying that this was not the first ... recognized as workers concerned with the dispute. Grunwick were ordered to pay costs, in the region ... would not interfere with peaceful picketing in a trade dispute. The company was unable to provide evidence ... 3 issue 59950 date 12 March 1977 ref Mass Pickets The dispute, and the media hype around it, became ... more details
Ayodhya debate The Ayodhya dispute lang hi , lang ur Nastaliq is a political ... as Holiest of the seven holy cities for Hindus. ref cite web title Dispute claims and counter claims url http www.thaindian.com newsportal uncategorized ayodhya dispute claims and counter ... in the mosque temple. Since the British rule a railing has been put up to prevent dispute, within ..., Lucknow 1870, cited by Harsh Narain The Ayodhya Temple Mosque Dispute Focus on Muslim Sources ... title Can court verdict resolve Ayodhya dispute? url http news.rediff.com column 2010 sep 17 can ... the land in dispute yesterday in the presence of all parties. I found that the Masjid built by Emperor ... Mosque, is known as the Ayodhya dispute. Excavations Before 2003, the standard view that an ancient ..., R. August 2003 ASI findings may not resolve title dispute The Tribune August 26, 2003 Jonathan ... line of Ayodhya dispute and slew of legal suits url http www.dnaindia.com india report time line of ayodhya dispute and slew of legal suits 1444808 accessdate 29 September 2010 newspaper DNA India date ... resolution of a long pending dispute. Hindu Nationalism The Ayodhya debate has grown along with a revival ... relating to the Temple Mount . It shows that the Temple Mount dispute is far from unique. Muslims ... 90 years. 1949 In December of that year, idols were put inside the mosque. Both sides to the dispute ... refused to admit a review petition on the Ayodhya dispute. 2009 The Liberhan Commission, which was instituted ... The Allahabad High Court pronounces its verdict on four title suits relating to the Ayodhya dispute ... publisher Breakingnewsonline.net date accessdate 2010 10 02 ref Ayodhya dispute history ref cite web url http news.oneindia.in feature 2010 ayodhya dispute history ram temple babri masjid.html title Ayodhya Dispute History & 124 Ram Janmabhoomi Temple & 124 Babri Masjid & 124 Land Suit & 124 Hindus ... Catholic Reporter Kansas City, August 27, 2003 . Harsh Narain . 1993. The Ayodhya Temple Mosque Dispute ... more details
Use dmy dates date March 2012 The Intermediate dispute was a major split in Scotland Scottish Football soccer football which lasted from 1925 to 1931 and concerned the compensation that Scottish Junior Football Association Junior clubs received when one of their players moved to a Senior football league side. Although largely confined to the West of Scotland, the dispute involved many of the best Junior clubs in the country, setting them in direct conflict with both the Scottish Football Association and their own organisation, the Scottish Junior Football Association . History The dispute was principally led by the Glasgow Junior Football League GJL . The GJL was the strongest Junior league in Scotland, having provided fifteen of the twenty six Scottish Junior Cup winners since the turn of the century. ref Harvnb McGlone McLure 1987 p 109 ref Its clubs were increasingly dissatisfied with the behaviour of Senior clubs, in both Scotland and England, who would often approach a player without first contacting the Junior club themselves, then offering little or no compensation for that player if signed. In 1925, the GJL introduced a new player registration form, known as the White Form . This document gave clubs a two year option on a players services, enabling greater compensation to be demanded and became the principle to unite the Intermediate movement. In March 1927, sixty two clubs met to form the Scottish Intermediate Junior Football Association and a split with the Scottish Junior Football Association became inevitable. The SJFA sympathised with the Intermediate cause but would not sanction a breakaway. The Intermediates for their part, felt that the SJFA had failed to negotiate powerfully enough on their behalf with the Scottish Football Association . ref Harvnb McGlone ... time with sixteen out of the eighteen clubs supporting the dispute. ref Harvnb McGlone McLure ... in the dispute maintained their positions. Numbers in the Intermediate leagues however were beginning ... more details
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