unref date September 2007 In computer graphics , texturefiltering or texture smoothing is the method used to determine the texture color for a Texture mapping texture mapped pixel , using the colors of nearby Texel graphics texel s pixels of the texture . Mathematically, texturefiltering is a type of anti aliasing, but it filters out high frequencies from the texture fill whereas other AA techniques generally focus on visual edges. Put simply, it allows a texture to be applied at many different ... of texturefiltering, which make different trade offs between computation al complexity and image quality. The need for filtering During the texture mapping process, a texture lookup takes place to find out where on the texture each pixel center falls. Since the textured surface may be at an arbitrary ... levels used at increasing distances. Filtering methods This section lists the most common texture ... from one mipmap level to the next. Trilinear filtering solves this by doing a texture lookup and bilinear ... game Category Texturefiltering ar lt Tekst ros filtravimas ja ... to one texel. Some form of filtering has to be applied to determine the best color for the pixel. Insufficient or incorrect filtering will show up in the image as Artifact observational artifacts errors ... of the textured surface relative to the viewer, and different forms of filtering are needed in each case. Given a square texture mapped on to a square surface in the world, at some viewing distance ... than screen pixels, and need to be scaled up appropriately a process known as texture magnification .... In this case an appropriate color has to be picked based on the covered texels, via texture minification ... it may be misaligned, and cover parts of up to four neighboring texels. Hence some form of filtering is still required. Mipmapping Mipmap ping is a standard technique used to save some of the filtering work needed during texture minification. During texture magnification, the number of texels that need ... more details
wiktionary textureTexture may refer to Textures album , album of Brian Eno Textures band , a metal band from the Netherlands Texture cosmology , theoretical topological defect in the structure of spacetime Texture crystalline , material s individual crystallites sharing some degree of orientation Texture geology , physical appearance or character of a rock Texture music , overall sound created by the interaction of aspects of a piece of music Texture painting , feel of the canvas based on the paint used and method of application Texture roads , road surface characteristics with waves shorter than road roughness Texture visual arts , element of design and its application in art Texture mapping , bitmap image applied to a surface in computer graphics Soil texture , relative proportion of grain sizes of a soil See also lookfrom intitle dab cs Textura de Textur es Textura fr Texture ko it Texture ja nds Textur pl Tekstura ru sk Text ra sv Textur uk ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 Trilinear filtering is an extension of the bilinear filtering bilinear texturefiltering method, which also performs linear interpolation between mipmap s. Bilinear filtering ... up 1 100 of the texture in one direction, trilinear filtering would interpolate between the result of filtering the 128 128 mipmap as y sub 1 sub with x sub 1 sub as 128, and the result of filtering ... pixels . To alleviate this, Anisotropic filtering anisotropic direction dependent filtering can be used. See also Anisotropic filtering Bilinear filtering Trilinear interpolation Lanczos resampling Category Texturefiltering Compu graphics stub de Trilineare Filterung pl Filtrowanie tr jliniowe ru ... texture when scaling to a very small size causes accuracy problems from missed texel graphics texels .... To solve this problem, trilinear filtering interpolates between the results of bilinear filtering ... step in this process is of course to determine how big in terms of the texture the pixel in question ... of all of them. Use the distance along the texture between the current pixel and the pixel to its ... the same size would take up the whole texture. Once this is done the rest becomes easy perform bilinear filtering on the two mipmaps with pixel sizes that are immediately larger and smaller than the calculated ... and smaller mipmaps, trilinear filtering cannot be used in places where the pixel is smaller than a texel on the original texture, because mipmaps larger than the original texture are not defined. Fortunately bilinear filtering still works, and can be used in these situations without worrying too much about abruptness because bilinear and trilinear filtering provide the same result when the pixel size is exactly the same as the size of a texel on the appropriate mipmap. Trilinear filtering still has weaknesses, because the pixel is still assumed to take up a square area on the texture. In particular, when a texture is at a steep angle compared to the camera, detail can be lost because the pixel ... more details
understand how anisotropic filtering gains so much texture mapping quality. If we need to texture a horizontal ... of a texture normally lost by MIP map texture s attempts to avoid aliasing. Anisotropic filtering ... fast anti aliased texturefiltering. Degree of anisotropy supported Different degrees or ratios of anisotropic ... up to this threshold. Implementation True anisotropic filtering probes the texture anisotropically ... shape of the texture at that pixel. Each anisotropic filtering probe is often in itself a filtered ... require 128 samples from the stored texture, as trilinear MIP map filtering needs to take four samples ... Filtering Category Texturefiltering cs Anizotropn filtrov n de Anisotropes Filtern es Filtrado anisotr pico ...unreferenced date February 2012 Image Anisotropic compare.png right thumb 400px An illustration of texturefiltering methods showing a trilinear mipmapped texture on the left and the same texture enhanced with anisotropic texturefiltering on the right. In 3D computer graphics , anisotropic filtering abbreviated AF is a method of enhancing the image quality of Texturefiltering textures on surfaces that are at Dutch angle oblique viewing angles with respect to the camera where the projection of the texture ... anisotropic filtering does not filter the same in every direction . Like bilinear filtering bilinear and trilinear filtering , anisotropic filtering eliminates aliasing effects, but improves on these other ... graphics card s in the late 1990s. Anisotropic filtering is now common in modern graphics hardware ... axis. This is because in MIP mapping each MIP level is isotropic, so a 256 256 texture is downsized ... a MIP map texture probe to an image will always sample an image that is of equal frequency in each axis. Thus, when sampling to avoid aliasing on a high frequency axis, the other texture axes will be similarly downsampled and therefore potentially blurred. With RIP map anisotropic filtering, in addition ... downsampled images can be probed when the texture mapped image frequency is different for each ... more details
Texture compression is a specialized form of image compression designed for storing texture map s in 3D computer graphics rendering systems. Unlike conventional image compression algorithms, texture compression algorithms are optimized for random access . How it works In their seminal paper on http graphics.stanford.edu projects flashg papers texture compression texture compression ref Citation author Andrew Beers coauthors Maneesh Agrawala, Navin Chaddha title Rendering from Compressed Textures journal Computer Graphics, Proc. SIGGRAPH year 1996 pages 373 378 ref , Beers, Agrawala and Chaddha list four features that tend to differentiate texture compression from other image compression techniques ... texture data and so, in order not to impact rendering performance, decompression must ... , any texture compression scheme must allow fast random access to decompressed texture data. This tends .... Encoding Speed Texture compression is more tolerant of asymmetric encoding decoding rates as the encoding ..., most texture compression algorithms involve some form of fixed rate lossy compression lossy vector ..., texture decompression may be executed on the fly during rendering as part of the overall graphics pipeline , reducing overall bandwidth and storage needs throughout the graphics system. As well as texture maps, texture compression may also be used to encode other kinds of rendering map, including bump map s and normal mapping surface normal map s. Texture compression may also be used together with other forms of map processing such as MIP map s and anisotropic filtering . Availability Some examples of practical texture compression systems are S3 Texture Compression , PVRTC and Ericsson Texture ..., can support multiple common kinds of texture compression generally through the use of vendor extensions. See also Block Truncation Coding Vector quantization References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Texture Compression Category Texture compression compu graphics stub de Texturkomprimierung es Compresi n de ... more details
2 sub ,y f sub 1 sub y . In computer graphics, bilinear filtering is usually performed on a texture during texture mapping, or on a bitmap during resizing. In both cases, the source data bitmap or texture ... Filtering Category Texturefiltering de Bilineare Filterung fr Filtrage bilin aire ko pl ... portion of a bitmap , using nearest neighbor interpolation nearest neighbor filtering left , bilinear filtering center , and bicubic filtering right . Bilinear filtering is a texturefiltering method used to smooth Texture mapping texture s when displayed larger or smaller than they actually are. Most of the time, when drawing a textured shape on the screen, the texture is not displayed exactly ... on the texture that s between texel graphics texels , assuming the texels are points as opposed ... as it s consistent of their respective cells . Bilinear filtering uses these points to perform ... of full color data. The data points used in bilinear filtering are the 2x2 points surrounding ... used for interpolation are taken from the texture bitmap and assigned to z sub 11 sub , z sub 12 ... pixel can lead to significant savings. Similar savings can be achieved with all bi kinds of filtering, i.e. those which can be expressed as two passes of one dimensional filtering. In the case of texture mapping, a constant x or y is rarely if ever encountered, and because today s 2000 graphics ... x 1 y z sub 21 sub y z sub 22 sub . Sample code This code assumes that the texture is square an extremely ... channel . source lang C double getBilinearFilteredPixelColor Texture tex, double u, double v u ... tex x y 1 u opposite tex x 1 y 1 u ratio v ratio return result source Limitations Bilinear filtering is rather accurate until the scaling of the texture gets below half or above double the original size of the texture that is, if the texture was 256 pixels in each direction, scaling it to below 128 or above 512 pixels can make the texture look bad, because of missing pixels or too much smoothness ... more details
Bayesian filtering may refer to Bayesian spam filtering , a method to detect spam. Recursive Bayesian estimation , a method to estimate the state of a system evolving in time. Bayes theorem Disambig ... more details
See also Content control software Unreferenced date May 2010 Content filtering is the technique whereby ... filtering of email Content filtering is the most commonly used group of methods to filter Spam ... popular filter is the Bayesian filtering Bayesian filter , which is a statistical filter. Usually anti ... filtering. Depending on where content or packets are filtered in the OSI or Internet model, content filtering will refer to technologies designed to ascertain the logic of data and that depends on the application ... filtering technology with standards and cooperation among ISPs may be the solution. Content filtering of web content Content filtering on Web commonly is named Web filtering . Content filtering is commonly ... malware hosts. Filtering rules are typically set by a central IT department and may be implemented via ... computer users to have different levels of internet access. Content filtering software is sometimes ... the computer. Such software is typically described as parental control software. Filtering methods Common content filtering methods include Attachment filtering Attachment The blocking of certain types of file e.g. executable programs . Bayesian spam filtering Bayesian DNS Based filtering DNS Based filtering www.opendns.com Character computing Char set Content media and publishing Content encoding Heuristic Filtering based on heuristic scoring of the content based on multiple criteria. HTML anomalies Language Header Mail header Filtering based solely on the analysis of e mail headers. Made ... and file them in appropriate folders. Phrase s Filtering based on detecting phrases in the content text. Proximity Filtering based on detecting words or phrases when used in proximity. Regular Expression Filtering based on rules written as regular expressions. URL Filtering based on the URL. Suitable for blocking websites or sections of websites. Most content filtering systems use a combination of techniques. See also Application service architecture Ad filtering Category Anti spam Category ... more details
Internet filtering may refer to Content control software Internet censorship disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
orphan date December 2007 RASTA filtering and Mean Subtraction was introduced to support Perceptual Linear Prediction PLP preprocessing It uses bandpass filter ing in the log spectral domain . Rasta filtering then removes slow channel variations. It has also been applied to cepstral feature based preprocessing with both log spectral and the cepstral domain filtering. In general a RASTA filter is defined by math T z k sum n N 1 2 z n 1 rho x , math the numerator is a regression filter with N being the order must be odd and the denominator is an integrator with time decay. The pole controls the lower limit of frequency and is normally around 0.9. RASTA filtering can be changed to use mean subtraction,implementing a moving average filter. Filtering is normally performed in the cepstral domain . The mean becomes the long term cepstrum and is typically computed on the speech part for each separate utterance. A silence is necessary to detect each utterance. References http trappist.elis.ugent.be ELISgroups speech cost249 report references papers sve95b.pdf Category Signal processing ... more details
Email filtering is the processing of email to organize it according to specified criteria. Most often this refers to the automatic processing of incoming messages, but the term also applies to the intervention of human intelligence in addition to anti spam techniques , and to outgoing emails as well as those being received. Email filtering software inputs email. For its output, it might pass the message through unchanged for delivery to the user s mailbox, redirect the message for delivery elsewhere, or even throw the message away. Some mail filters are able to edit messages during processing. Motivation .... Most email programs now also have an automatic spam filtering function. Internet service provider ... and their information technology assets. Inbound and Outbound Filtering Mail filters can operate on inbound and outbound email traffic. Inbound email filtering involves scanning messages from the Internet addressed to users protected by the filtering system or for lawful interception . Outbound email filtering involves the reverse scanning email messages from local users before any potentially ... Pervasive is ISP Outbound Email Filtering? url http ask.slashdot.org story 08 01 31 2130251 How Pervasive is ISP Outbound Email Filtering work Slashdot.org publisher Slashdot.org accessdate 15 September 2011 ref One method of outbound email filtering that is commonly used by ISP ISPs is Transparent ... proxy within the network. Outbound filtering can also take place in an email server . Many ... document classification techniques such as the naive Bayes classifier . Image filtering can also ... filtering CRM114 program CRM114 dSPAM information filtering Maildrop is an MDA Mail delivery agent .... Sendmail supports libmilter for mail filtering Sieve mail filtering language is an RFC standard for describing ... whitelists References Reflist External links dmoz Computers Internet Abuse Spam Filtering Spam filtering spamming Category Communication software Category Email Category Spam filtering compu network stub ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 In computer networking, Media Access Control MAC Filtering or EUI filtering, or Data link layer layer 2 address filtering refers to a security access control method whereby the 48 bit address assigned to each network card is used to determine access to the network. MAC address es are uniquely assigned to each card, so using MAC filtering on a network permits and denies network access to specific devices through the use of blacklist computing blacklist s and whitelist s. While the restriction of network access through the use of lists is straightforward, an individual person is not identified by a MAC address, rather a device only, so an authorized person will need to have a whitelist entry for each device that he or she would use to access the network. While giving a wireless network some additional protection, MAC filtering can be circumvented by scanning a valid MAC via airodump ng and then spoofing one s own MAC into a validated one. This can be done in the Windows Registry or by using commandline tools on a Linux platform. DEFAULTSORT Mac Filtering Category Network addressing Category Media access control Comm stub de MAC Filter fr Filtrage par adresse MAC ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 In the context of network routing , route filtering is the process by which certain routes are not considered for inclusion in the local route database, or not advertised to one s neighbours. Route filtering is particularly important for BGP on the global Internet , where it is used for a variety of reasons. Types of filtering There are two times when a filter can be naturally applied when learning routes from a neighbour, and when announcing routes to a neighbour. Input filtering In input filtering, a filter is applied to routes as they are learned from a neighbour. A route that has been filtered out is discarded straight away, and hence not considered for inclusion into the local routing database. Output filtering In output filtering, a filter is applied to routes before they are announced to a neighbour. A route that has been filtered out is never learned by a neighbour, and hence not considered for inclusion in the remote route database. Reasons to filter Economic reasons When a site is multihomed, announcing non local routes to a neighbour different from the one it was learned from amounts to advertising the willingness to serve for transit, which is undesirable unless suitable agreements are in place. Applying output filtering on these routes avoids this issue. Security reasons An ISP will typically perform input filtering on routes learned from a customer to restrict them to the addresses actually assigned to that customer. Doing so makes address hijacking more difficult. Similarly, an ISP will perform input filtering on routes learned from other ISPs to protect its customers from address hijacking. Technical reasons In some cases, routers ... is to perform input filtering, thus limiting the local route database to a subset of the global table. This can be done by filtering on prefix length eliminating all routes for prefixes longer than ... Default free zone Routing Assets Database Teletraffic engineering DEFAULTSORT Route Filtering Category ... more details
Chill filtering is a method in whisky making for removing residue. In chill filtering, whisky is cooled to between 10 and 4 degrees Celsius often roughly 0 and passed through a fine adsorption filter. This is done mostly for cosmetic reasons to remove cloudiness, rather than to improve taste or consistency. Method Chill filtering works by reducing the temperature sufficiently that some fatty acids , proteins and esters precipitate out so that they are caught on the filter. ref cite web url http www.thewhiskyguide.com Articles Chillfiltering.html publisher thewhiskyguide.com title Chill Filtering, Whisky ref The chillfiltering prevents the whisky from becoming hazy when in the bottle, when served, when chilled, or when water or ice is added. However, as this only happens at an alcohol content below 46 abv, stronger bottled whisky is non chill filtered or un chillfiltered, as the spirit will generally remain unclouded at this alcohol level. Controversy The merits of this method are disputed, opponents Who date May 2010 claim that it diminishes the flavour of the whisky. As such, some distillery distilleries pride themselves on not using this process, for example, the Aberlour Distillery Aberlour Distillery s distinctively flavoured A bunadh whisky or Laphroaig s Quarter Cask bottles are not chill filtered. Some whisky bottlers produce whiskies that are not chill filtered, reportedly due to the reduction in flavour compounds that chill filtering produces. Skipping the chill filtering step can also reduce production costs. See also A bunadh a Speyside single malts Speyside single malt Scotch whisky that is not chill filtered Booker s a cask strength Bourbon whiskey that is not chill filtered Laphroaig an Islay Scotch whisky which has a Quarter Cask single malt expression that is not chill filtered References reflist DEFAULTSORT Chill Filtering Category Filtration Category Whisky de Kaltfiltrierung fr Filtration froid it Chill filtering ... more details
Texture in painting is the look and feel of the canvas . It is based on the paint, and its application, or the addition of materials such as ribbon, metal, wood, lace, leather and sand. The concept of painterliness also has bearing on texture. The texture stimulates two different sense s sight and touch. There are four types of texture in art actual texture, simulated texture, abstract texture, and invented texture. Actual texture This is a combination of how the painting looks, and how it feels to the touch. It is associated both with the heavy build up of paint, such as an impasto effect, or the addition of materials. Simulated texture File Riley, Cataract 3.jpg thumb right 175 px Cataract 3 , Bridget Riley. Creating the visual effect of texture without actually adding texture. For instance, a texture created to look like something other than paint on a flat surface. An example is Cataract 3 , painted in 1967 by Bridget Riley , which creates the illusion of ripples in the paper through the repetition of lines. Abstract textureTexture that does not directly represent the object it is connected with but the concept of the object is translated in textural patterns. Invented texture A creative way of adding alternate materials to create an interesting texture. Invented texture typically appears in Abstract art abstract works , as they are entirely non objective. See also Texture visual arts References cite book last Ocvirk first Otto G. coauthors Robert E. Stinson, Philip R Wigg, Robert Bone, David L Cayton title Art Fundamentals Theory and Practice publisher McGraw Hill McGraw Hill Higher Education year 2008 edition 11 location New York Category Painting techniques painting stub fa hr Tekstura pl Faktura dzie a sztuki pt Textura pintura ru sr sh Tekstura tr Kaplama ... more details
In 3D computer graphics realtime computer graphics , a texture atlas is a large image, or atlas which contains many smaller sub images, each of which is a texture for some part of a 3D object. The sub textures can be rendered by modifying the texture coordinates of the object s UV mapping uvmap on the atlas, essentially telling it which part of the image its texture is in. In an Application software application where many small textures are used frequently, it is often more efficient to store the textures in a texture atlas which is treated as a single unit by the Graphics processing unit graphics hardware . In particular, because there are less rendering state changes by binding once, it can be faster to bind one large texture once than to bind many smaller textures as they are drawn. For example, a Tile based video game tile based game would benefit greatly in performance from a texture atlas. Atlases can consist of uniformly sized sub textures, or they can consist of textures of varying sizes usually restricted to powers of two . In the latter case, the program must usually arrange the textures in an efficient manner before sending the textures to hardware. Manual arrangement of texture atlases is possible, and sometimes preferable, but can be tedious. If using Mipmap mipmaps , care ... developer NVTextureSuite Atlas Tools Texture Atlas Whitepaper.pdf Texture Atlas Whitepaper A whitepaper by NVIDIA which explains the technique. http developer.nvidia.com content texture atlas tools Texture Atlas Tools Tools to create texture atlases semi manually. http www.texturepacker.com TexturePacker Commercial texture atlas creator for game developers. http www.codeproject.com Articles 330742 Texture Atlas Maker Texture Atlas Maker Open source texture atlas utility for 2D OpenGL games. http www.gamasutra.com features 20060126 ivanov 01.shtml Practical Texture Atlases A guide on using a texture ... texture atlas sprite map utility including an Apache Ant task. Computer graphics stub Category 3D computer ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Orphan date February 2009 Alarm filtering , in the context of IT network management , is the method by which an alarm system reports the origin of a system failure, rather than a list of systems failed. Example Depending on the way a network is set up, the failure of one device be it software or hardware may cause another to fail. In this situation, a non filtering alarm system will report both the original failure and the other device that failed. With alarm filtering, the alarm system is able to report the original failure with more priority than the subsequent failure, allowing a technician or repairman to concentrate on the cause of the issue, rather than wasting time trying to repair the wrong device. Category Network management Compu network stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In computer networking , ingress filtering is a technique used to make sure that incoming Packet information technology packets are actually from the networks that they claim to be from. Problem Networks receive packets from other networks. Normally a packet will contain the IP address of the computer that originally sent it. This allows devices in the receiving network to know where it came from, allowing a reply to be routed back amongst other things . However, a sender IP address can be faked IP address spoofing spoofed , characterising a Spoofing attack . This disguises the origin of packets sent, for example in a Denial of service attack . Solution Filtering a packet is when the packet is not processed normally, but is denied in some way. The computer processing the packet might simply ignore the packet completely, or where it is possible it might send a packet back to the sender saying the packet is denied. In ingress filtering, packets coming into the network are filtered if the network sending it should not send packets from IP addresses of the originating computer. In order to do ingress filtering, the network needs to know which IP addresses each of the networks it is connected to may send. This is not always possible. For instance, a network that has a single connection to the Internet has no way to know if a packet coming from that connection is spoofed or not. Networks Network ingress filtering is a packet filtering technique used by many Internet service provider s to try to prevent source address spoofing of Internet traffic, and thus .... Network ingress filtering is a good neighbor policy which relies on cooperation between ISPs for their mutual benefit. The best current practice for network ingress filtering is documented by the Internet ... s route filtering of their customers route announcement s. See also Egress filtering Internet protocol ... Ingress Filtering Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source Address Spoofing RFC 2827 ... more details
In igneous petrology , eutaxitic texture describes the layered or banded texture in some extrusive rock bodies. It is often caused by the compaction and flattening of glass shard s and pumice fragments. See also Welded tuff Fiamme List of rock textures Category Igneous rocks by texture petrology stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Psychographic filtering is located within a branch of collaborative filtering user based which anticipates preferences based upon information received from a statistical survey , a questionnaire , or other forms of social research ref name Mcgraw Haag et al., Management Information Systems For the Information Age. Canada McGraw Hill Ryerson, 2006 ref . The term Psychographic is derived from Psychography which is the study of associating and classifying people according to their psychological characteristics ref name answers 2006 Answers http www.answers.com topic psychography 1 ref . In marketing or social research, information received from a participant s response is compared with other participants responses and the comparison of that research is designed to predict preferences based upon similarities or differences in perception ref name fin Sonja Kangas, Collaborative Filtering and Recommendation Systems Electronic resource Finland VTT Information Technology, 2002 http www.vtt.fi inf julkaisut muut 2002 collaborativefiltering.pdf ref . The participant should ... to the participant based on their predicted preferences. Psychographic filtering differs from collaborative filtering in that it classifies similar people into a specific psychographic profile ... Kangas, Collaborative Filtering and Recommendation Systems Electronic resource Finland VTT Information ... can analyze and use for their particular purposes. Application Psychographic filtering and collaborative filtering are still within experimental stages and therefore have been not been extensively used ref name fin Sonja Kangas, Collaborative Filtering and Recommendation Systems Electronic resource ... ref name fin Sonja Kangas, Collaborative Filtering and Recommendation Systems Electronic ... preferences overlap ref name fin Sonja Kangas, Collaborative Filtering and Recommendation Systems Electronic ... . See also Market segmentation Psychology Collaborative filtering References div class references ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date March 2009 Context filtering is an anti spam mail policy method that does not deal with the contents of the mail but rather uses the context of the SMTP connection to decide whether a mail will be accepted or not. This method usually prevents reception of an e mail in the first place thus, common anti spam features like quarantine, redirect or delete can not be applied. This method also distorts statistics of anti spam programs because it is usually unknown how many mails Spam or otherwise would have been received through a certain connection. Filtering by context includes methods like DNSBL lookups, domain or IP blacklists, etc. This method has an extremely low rate of false positive s and false negative s. On the plus side, this method is usually saving Bandwidth computing bandwidth and server utilization. The most common context filter is DNSBL filtering. The efficiency of this method depends on the blacklist used. For high volume mail sites, it is recommended to set up local copies of the DNSBLs of your choice and fill them through Domain Name System DNS zone transfer s. This reduces the permanent traffic through external DNS lookups. Some DNSBLs also allow only a certain amount of queries by day for every IP address to keep their expenses on bandwidth low. Category Anti spam Category Spam filtering ... more details
Image Texture splatting.png thumb 250px Example of texture splatting. In computer graphics , texture splatting is a method for combining different texture computer graphics textures . The method works by applying an Transparency graphic alphamap to the higher levels, revealing the layers underneath where the alphamap is partially or completely transparent. The term was coined by Charles Bloom. ref http www.gamedev.net reference articles article2238.asp Texture Splatting in Direct3D ref Optimizations Since texture splatting is commonly used for terrain rendering in computer game s, various optimizations are required. Because the underlying principle is for each texture to have its own alpha channel , large amounts of computer memory memory can easily be consumed. As a solution to this problem, multiple alpha maps can be combined into one texture using the red channel for one map, the blue for another, and so on. This effectively uses a single texture to supply alpha maps for four real color textures. The alpha textures can also use a lower resolution than the color textures, and often the color textures can be tiled. Terrains can also be split into chunk s where each chunk can have its own textures. Say there is a certain texture on one part of the terrain that doesn t appear anywhere else on it it would be a waste of memory and processing time if the alpha map extended over the whole terrain if only 10 of it was actually required. If the terrain is split into chunks then the alpha map can also be split up according to the chunks and so now instead of 90 of that specific map being wasted only 20 may be. References references See also Alpha compositing Blend modes Texture mapping ... 3d techdocs splatting.txt Charles Bloom on Texture Splatting http www.gamedev.net reference articles article2238.asp Texture Splatting in Direct3D Category Computer graphics compu graphics stub nl Texture splatting ... more details
In computer networking , egress filtering is the practice of monitoring and potentially restricting the flow of information outbound from one network to another. Typically it is information from a private TCP IP computer network to the Internet that is controlled. TCP IP packets that are being sent out of the internal network are examined via a router computing router or Firewall computing firewall . Packets that do not meet security policies are not allowed to leave they are denied egress . Egress filtering helps ensure that unauthorized or malicious traffic never leaves the internal network. In a corporate network, typically all traffic except that emerging from a select set of Server computing servers would be denied egress. Restrictions can further be made such that only select protocols such as HTTP , email , and Domain Name System DNS are allowed. User workstations would then need to be set to use one of the allowed servers as a Proxy server proxy . Direct access to external networks by the internal user workstation would not be allowed. Edge network s, whether multi homed or not, usually have a limited number of subnetwork address block s in use. Such edge networks should filter packets leaving their networks, verifying that the source IP address in all packets is within the allocated address blocks. Enterprises, universities and others who run edge networks should be doing ... list s. Egress filtering may require policy changes and administrative work whenever a new application requires external network access. For this reason egress filtering is an uncommon feature on consumer ... has increased the use of egress filtering by security conscious organizations. Citation needed date November 2009 Egress filtering is also becoming required for those who are compliant with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard PCI DSS , as it requires egress filtering from any server in the card ... filtering IP address spoofing Web Proxy Autodiscovery Protocol Storm botnet External links http www.nsa.gov ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Texture memory is a type of digital storage that makes Texture mapping texture data readily available to video rendering computer graphics rendering central processing unit processor s also known as Graphics processing unit GPU s , typically 3D computer graphics 3D graphics hardware. It is most often but not always implemented as specialized Random Access Memory RAM TRAM that is designed for rapid reading and writing, enabling the graphics hardware increased performance in rendering computer graphics rendering 3D imagery. Larger amounts of texture memory allow for more detailed scenes. DEFAULTSORT Texture Memory Category Computer memory Compu hardware stub ... more details
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