Unreferenced date December 2009 The thallophytes are a polyphyletic group of non mobile organism s traditionally described as relatively simple plants or lower plants with undifferentiated bodies thallus thalli . They were a defunct division of Kingdom Plantae , the Thallophyta or Thallobionta that included fungus and algae , and lichen s occasionally bacteria and the Myxomycota .They have a hidden reproductive system and hence they are also called cryptogamae. They are sometimes referred to as thalloid plants , as opposed to vascular plant s. Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher, a 19th century Austria n botanist , separated the Vegetable Kingdom equivalent of Kingdom Plantae into the Thallophytes and the Cormophytes vascular plant s in 1836. Thallophytes were known as the Thallogens according to John Lindley , an England English botanist in the nineteenth century. Likewise, Cormophytes were also known as Cormogens in the Lindley system. The term was used only in former classifications, comprising what is now considered a heterogeneous assemblage of flowerless and seedless organisms algae , bacteria , fungi and lichens . Plants that do not have well differentiated body design fall in this group. The plants in this group are commonly called algae. These plants are predominantly aquatic. Examples ae Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cladophora, and Chara. See also Cryptogam Non vascular plant Plant classification Category Cryptogams Category Plant taxonomy ca Tal l fit de Thallophyten et Tallof did fa fr Thallophyte ga Thallophyta it Tallofite hu Telepes n v nyek mk nl Thallophyta pl Plechowce pt Tal fita ru vi Th c v t nguy n sinh ... more details
dablink This article is about the undifferentiated tissue. For other uses, see Thallus disambiguation . File Sargassum weeds closeup.jpg thumb 300px Thallus of Sargassum weeds Thallus , from Latin ized Ancient Greek Greek thallos , meaning a green shoot or twig , is the cellular differentiation undifferentiated vegetative tissue of some organism s in diverse groups such as algae , fungus , some Marchantiophyta liverworts , lichen s, and the Myxogastria . Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophyte s, a polyphyly polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thallodal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose . A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissue biology tissues into organ anatomy organs . ref cite book last Haupt first Arthur W. title Plant Morphology year 1953 location New York publisher McGraw Hill Book company page 7 ref Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts leaf leave s, root s, and Plant stem stems as do the vascular plant s, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular equivalents . The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure for example, no thallus has vascular tissue . Although a thallus is largely undifferentiated in terms of its anatomy, there can be visible differences and functional differences. A kelp , for example, may have its thallus divided into three regions. The parts of a kelp thallus include the holdfast anchor , stipe supports the blades and the blades for photosynthesis . The thallus of a fungus is usually called a mycelium . The term thallus is also commonly used to refer to the vegetative reproduction vegetative body of a lichen . In seaweed , thallus is sometimes also called frond . The gametophyte of some non thallophyte plants clubmoss es, horsetail s, an ... more details
a diploid oospore which will eventually germinate into the diploid somatic stage of the thallophyte ... 7sexual 3oomycota.html accessdate 6 April 2012 ref Structure The oogonia of certain Thallophyte ... of different thallophyte colonies. Oogonia of this species can only be fertilized by antheridia from ... more details
Image Polystichum setiferum 001.jpg thumb Polystichum setiferum , a fern Image Grimmia pulvinata 2004.11.14 14.50.37.jpg thumb Grimmia pulvinata , a moss Image Pelvetia canaliculata.jpg thumb Pelvetia canaliculata , a brown alga Image Hypholoma fasciculare01.jpg thumb Hypholoma fasciculare , a fungus The name cryptogams scientific name Cryptogamae is used fairly widely as a phrase of convenience, although regarded as an obsolete Linnaean taxonomy taxonomic term . A cryptogam is a plant in the wide sense of the word that reproduces by spore s. The term cryptogam means hidden reproduction, and refers to the fact that there is no seed produced therefore, the cryptogams represent the non seed bearing vascular plants. Other names, such as thallophyte s , lower plants and spore plants are also occasionally used. The best known groups of cryptogams are algae , lichen s, moss es and fern s. ref cite web url http www.rbge.org.uk rbge web hort crypto2.jsp title Cryptogams publisher Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh accessdate 2007 07 02 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20071118072522 http www.rbge.org.uk rbge web hort crypto2.jsp archivedate 2007 11 18 ref The name Cryptogamae is from the Greek language Greek kryptos , meaning hidden and gameein , to marry . As a group Cryptogamae are the opposite of the Phanerogamae Greek phaneros visible or Spermatophyta Greek sperma seed and phytum plant , the seed plant s. At one time, the cryptogams were formally recognised as a group within the plant kingdom. In his system for classification of all known plants and animals, Carolus Linnaeus 1707 1778 divided the plant kingdom into 25 classes, ref name Smith 55 cite book author G. M. Smith year 1955 title Cryptogamic Botany publisher McGraw Hill , New York url http www.archive.org download cryptogamicbotan031880mbp cryptogamicbotan031880mbp.pdf ref ref cite book author P. S. Dixon year 1973 title Biology of the Rhodophyta publisher Oliver and Boyd , Edinburgh isbn 0 05 002485 X ref one ... more details
Automatic taxobox fossil range Fossil range Lower Devonian Middle Devonian refs ref name Snigirevskaya1994 ref name Krassilov1981 subdivision species list O. devonica Ergolskaya, type 1936 O. petzii O. voronejiensis Orestovia is a lower ref name Krassilov1981 cite doi 10.1111 j.1502 3931.1981.tb01693.x ref middle Devonian ref name Snigirevskaya1994 citation last1 Snigirevskaya first1 N.S. last2 Nadler first2 Y.S. year 1994 title Habitat and Relationships of Orestovia middle Devonian . journal Palaeontographica Abteilung B Stuttgart volume 233 pages 11 11 ref Thallophyte known from fossilised Plant cuticle cuticle , Cutinite . Described as an enigmatic taxa, Orestovia has variously been categorised as a Brown algae , an algae of unknown affinities, a thalloid Non vascular plant , and an early Vascular plant , or even the result of the Alternation of generation alteration of generations of some other group. ref name Krassilov1981 Orestovia are typically found as paper coals. Individual remains are naked, unbranched, cutinised axes up to 20 cm in length and 2 cm wide, tapering distally. ref name Thomas cite book last Krings first Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, Michael title Paleobotany the biology and evolution of fossil plants year 2009 publisher Academic Press location Amsterdam isbn 9780123739728 pages 186 edition 2nd ed. accessdate 14 April 2012 ref Most specimens are preserved as hollow, cuticular sheaths that often exhibit an Epidermis botany epidermis like cellular pattern. ref name Thomas The cuticles bear structures which have been described as representing stomata . ref name Gensel1994 citation last1 Gensel first1 P.G. last2 Johnson first2 N.G. year 1994 title the cuticular structure and stomatal organization of Orestovia sp. Cf. O. Petzii from the Kuznetsk journal Palaeontographica Abteilung B Stuttgart volume 233 ref Spores are sometimes preserved between its layers of cuticle. ref name Krassilov1981 A reconstruction looks similar to the extant fern Pil ... more details
Taxobox color lightgreen name Viridiplantae image Taiwan 2009 East Coast ShihTiPing Giant Stone Steps Algae FRD 6581.jpg image caption An assortment of thallophyte viridiplantae in a Tide pool rock pool , Taiwan domain Eukaryota unranked regnum Archaeplastida phylum Viridiplantae Viridiplantae literally green plants ref name pmid18063570 cite journal author Duvick J, Fu A, Muppirala U, et al title PlantGDB a resource for comparative plant genomics journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 36 issue Database issue pages D959 65 year 2008 month January pmid 18063570 pmc 2238959 doi 10.1093 nar gkm1041 url http nar.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 18063570 ref ref name urlwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov cite web url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Taxonomy Browser wwwtax.cgi?id 33090 title www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov format work accessdate 2009 03 08 ref ref name pmid19216746 cite journal author Cocquyt E, Verbruggen H, Leliaert F, Zechman FW, Sabbe K, De Clerck O title Gain and loss of elongation factor genes in green algae journal BMC Evol. Biol. volume 9 pages 39 year 2009 pmid 19216746 pmc 2652445 doi 10.1186 1471 2148 9 39 url http www.biomedcentral.com 1471 2148 9 39 ref are a clade comprising the green alga e and land plant s. ref name pmid17964920 cite journal author Becker B title Function and evolution of the vacuolar compartment in green algae and land plants Viridiplantae journal Int. Rev. Cytol. volume 264 issue pages 1 24 year 2007 pmid 17964920 doi 10.1016 S0074 7696 07 64001 7 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0074 7696 07 64001 7 series International Review of Cytology isbn 9780123742636 ref ref name pmid18612431 cite journal author Kim E, Graham LE editor1 last Redfield editor1 first Rosemary Jeanne title EEF2 analysis challenges the monophyly of Archaeplastida and Chromalveolata journal PLoS ONE volume 3 issue 7 pages e2621 year 2008 pmid 18612431 pmc 2440802 doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0002621 url http dx.plos.org 10.1371 journal.pone.0002621 ref In some c ... more details
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