. The novel was made into a The Citadel film 1938 film with Robert Donat , Rosalind Russell , Ralph Richardson and Rex Harrison , and television versions include one American The Citadel 1960 1960 , two British The Citadel 1960 British miniseries 1960 & The Citadel television 1983 , and two Italian La Cittadella 1964 1964 & La Cittadella 2003 2003 adaptations of the novel. There are also three ...infobox book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Citadel image Image TheCitadelCronin.jpeg 200 px bgcolour silver author A. J. Cronin country United Kingdom language English language English genre Novel publisher Victor Gollancz Ltd. Gollancz UK br Little, Brown US publ date 1937 media type Print hardcover & paperback pages 446 pp. UK hardcover isbn 0 450 01041 4 The Citadel is a novel by A. J. Cronin , first published in 1937. Its treatment of medical ethics was groundbreaking and it is credited with laying the foundation in Great Britain for the introduction of the National Health Service a decade later. citation needed date April 2012 In the U.S. it won the List of National Book Award winners 1935 to 1941 National Book Award for 1937 novels, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association . ref name nyt1938 Booksellers Give Prize to Citadel Cronin s Work About Doctors Their Favorite Mme. Curie Gets Non Fiction Award ... , The New York Times , 2 March 1938, page 14. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times 1851 2007 . br Ballots were submitted by 319 stores there had been about 600 ABA members one year earlier. br At the Hotel ... in an interview, I have written in The Citadel all I feel about the medical profession, its injustices ... and medicine aj cronin.html Analysis of The Citadel http www.gwent ha.wales.nhs.uk publications phmreport ... dramatization of The Citadel from 1940, starring Orson Welles A. J. Cronin DEFAULTSORT Citadel, The Category ... Novels adapted into films Category Novels set in Wales Category 1921 in fiction cy The Citadel fr ... more details
TOC right The Citadel may refer to Places Kastellet, Copenhagen , also called the Citadel, a 17th century citadel in Copenhagen, Denmark The Citadel Gozo , the old fortified city of Gozo, Malta The Citadel mountain , a mountain in South West Tasmania The Citadel Vietnam , the Vietnamese royal residence at Hu Historic monuments Hu The Citadel Dubai , a 201 m skyscraper in the United Arab Emirates Citadel Arts Centre , in St Helens, Merseyside now referred to as The Citadel Arts Centre The Citadel mall , a shopping mall in Colorado The Citadel Airport , a private airport near Sisters, Oregon The Citadel Martinique , a diving spot in Martinique The Citadel, Hull , 17th century artillery fort, Kingston upon Hull, UK Entertainment The Citadelnovel The Citadelnovel , a 1937 novel by A. J. Cronin The Citadel film The Citadel film , a 1938 film based on the novel The Citadel TV series The Citadel TV series , British 1983 BBC television adaption The Citadel 1960 British miniseries The Citadel 1960 British miniseries , an earlier British adaptation The Citadel 1960 The Citadel 1960 , American movie adaptation La Cittadella 2003 La Cittadella 2003 , Italian miniseries adaptation La Cittadella 1964 La Cittadella 1964 , an earlier Italian miniseries adaptation The Citadel Comics , a fictional alien empire from DC Comics Omega Men A Combine headquarters, in the game Half Life 2 , on Earth s City 17 An immense space station and the heart of galactic civilization in the game Mass Effect A Dragonlance novel by Richard A. Knaak, in the List of Dragonlance novels Classics Series Classics Series Schools The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina , a public college in South Carolina See also Citadel disambiguation Royal Citadel Citadelle disambiguation Tower of David disambig de The Citadel id The Citadel pt The Citadel ... more details
century plan of the fortified city of Casale Monferrato the citadel is the large star shaped ... Vauban s citadel of Neuf Brisach France Image AleppoCitadelEntry.jpg thumb 250px The Citadel of Aleppo , Syria . File Gondereshe2008.jpg thumb 250px right The Citadel of Gondershe Gondershe, Somalia ... . A citadel is a Fortification fortress protecting a town, sometimes incorporating a castle ... , meaning citizen. In a fortification with bastion s, the citadel is the strongest part of the system ... components of the fortification system. A citadel is also a term of the third part of a medieval ... , where the citadel represented a centralised authority. The main citadel in Indus Valley was almost ... or Alcazaba in the Iberian Peninsula . In European cities, the term Citadel and City Castle ... , the citadel having its own fortifications, independent of the city walls was the last defence of a besieged army, often held after the town had been conquered. A city where the citadel held out ... pride in it . Similarly, rebels who took power in the city but with the citadel still held by the former ... Acra citadel, making Maccabean rule in the rest of Jerusalem precarious. When finally gaining possession ... another citadel for their own use in a different part of Jerusalem. As late as the 19th Century, a similar ... held out in the city s citadel between 1830 and 1832, while the city itself had already become part of the independent Belgium. In time of war the citadel in many cases afforded retreat to the people ... from the town which they defended. For example Barcelona had a great citadel built in 1714 to intimidate ... enough to permit it, the people of Barcelona had the citadel torn down, and replaced it with the city ... by the structure being a Royal citadel in the midst of revolutionary Paris. Similarly, after Garibaldi ... , Palermo s Castellamare Citadel symbol of the hated and oppressive former rule was ceremoniously ... against a much larger Republican force for two months until relieved, shows that in some cases a citadel ... more details
Wiktionary citadel A citadel is a fortress. Citadel may also refer to TOC right Places The Cairo Citadel , Egypt, a medieval fortification The Citadel of Aleppo , an ancient castle in Aleppo, Syria Citadel, Calgary , a neighbourhood in Calgary, Alberta, Canada Citadel Hill Fort George , a fortified hill in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Citadel Island , Victoria, Australia Citadel of Quebec , a military installation, Canada Citadel Theatre , Edmonton, Canada Companies Citadel Broadcasting , an American broadcast holding company Citadel LLC , a hedge fund management company Citadel Miniatures , a miniatures company owned by Games Workshop Computing Citadel software , a BBS software Citadel UX , an implementation of Citadel that has evolved into a modern groupware platform Games Citadel video game Citadel video game , by Superior Software Citadels game , a German style card game Literature Citadel Press , a publishing company Citadel U.S. Senate Citadel U.S. Senate , a non fiction book by William S. White Citadel 2011 novelCitadel 2011 novel , a 2011 novel by science fiction writer John Ringo Music Citadel Records , an Australian independent record label Citadel Muslimgauze album Citadel Muslimgause album Citadel Starcastle album Citadel Starcastle album Citadel song Citadel song , by the Rolling Stones Other uses Halifax Citadels , a defunct American Hockey League team Citadel, a Safe room Safe rooms on ships safe room aboard a ship See also The Citadel disambiguation Citadelle Citadella , fortress on Gell rt Hill, Budapest, Hungary disambig cs Citadela rozcestn k de Citadel es Ciudadela desambiguaci n it Citadel nl Citadel no Citadel pt Ciudadela ru sk Citadela rozli ovacia str nka uk ... more details
unreferenced date February 2011 infobox television show name The Citadel image camera format director runtime starring James Donald br Ann Blyth br Lloyd Bochner br Hugh Griffith br Torin Thatcher country USA network American Broadcasting Company ABC first aired February 19, 1960 last aired num episodes The Citadel is a 1960 American television adaptation of A. J. Cronin s 1937 novel, The Citadelnovel The Citadel . It was written by Dale Wasserman and starred James Donald as Dr. Manson and Ann Blyth as Christine Barlow. Other television versions include two British The Citadel 1960 British miniseries 1960 and The Citadel TV series 1983 and two Italian La Cittadella 1964 1964 and La Cittadella 2003 2003 adaptations. External links imdb title id 0414906 title The Citadel 1960 imdb title id 0162069 title The Citadel 1960 British television miniseries imdb title id 0419316 title La Cittadella 1964 Italian television miniseries imdb title id 0162070 title The Citadel 1983 BBC television programme imdb title id 0356246 title La Cittadella 2003 Italian television miniseries http www.60yearsofnhsscotland.co.uk history birth of nhs scotland an expectant public.html Article about Cronin and the NHS A. J. Cronin DEFAULTSORT Citadel, The 1960 Category 1960s American television series Category Television programs based on novels Category American television miniseries Category 1960 television series debuts Category Period television series Category American drama television series Category Medical television series Category Television programmes based on works by A. J. Cronin TV film stub ... more details
Infobox book name High Citadel title orig translator image image High Citadel.JPG 200px Ideally 1st edition cover image caption 2008 paperback edition author Desmond Bagley illustrator cover artist country United Kingdom language English language English series genre Thriller genre Thriller Novel publisher House of Stratus release date 1965 media type Print Hardcover & Paperback pages 296 pgs isbn 1 842 32012 2 oclc 44013818 preceded by The Golden Keel followed by Wyatt s Hurricane High Citadel is a novel written by English people English author Desmond Bagley , and was first published in 1965 in literature 1965 . Plot introduction A small, passenger plane is hijacked by its co pilot over a mountain range in South America causing a crash landing in which the hijacker dies. Unbenknownst to the pilot and other passengers, among their number is Senor Aguilla, the former president of the country, and his niece, who were returning to the country under a pseudonym. Aguilla had been deposed by a military coup, and now a communist faction wants him dead since they fear he will be a problem for a communist takeover of the country. The hi jacker s associates soon arrive at the isolated area, but are separated from Aguilla and the other survivors of the crash by a gorge. There is a damaged bridge between the two sides, which the villains are prevented from crossing by the passengers. As the plot unfolds, the majority of the passengers remain nearby to maintain the stand off while two set off to cross the mountain range to reach divisions of the country s air force loyal to Aguilla and bring help. The citadel at which the siege is maintained becomes increasingly threatened as reinforcements for the villains arrive with prefabricated materials to repair the bridge and storm the position ... the siege as the novel reaches its gripping climax. Desmond Bagley Category 1965 novels Category Novels by Desmond Bagley Category Novels set in South America Category Aviation novels thriller novel stub ... more details
Infobox Film name The Citadel image Citadellobbycardjpg.jpg director King Vidor producer Victor Saville writer A. J. Cronin novel br Ian Dalrymple br Frank Wead starring Robert Donat br Rosalind Russell br Ralph Richardson br Rex Harrison music Louis Levy br Charles Williams composer Charles Williams cinematography Harry Stradling editing Charles Frend studio Metro Goldwyn Mayer br Denham Studios distributor Metro Goldwyn Mayer released 3 November 1938 runtime 110 min. country FilmUK language English budget 1,012,000 gross 987,000 Domestic earnings br 1,611,000 Foreign earnings The Citadel 1938 in film 1938 is a British film based on the The Citadelnovelnovel of the same name by A. J. Cronin , first published in 1937. The film was directed by King Vidor and produced by Victor Saville at Denham Studios , with Metro Goldwyn Mayer distributing the film in the UK and the US. Plot Robert Donat stars as the idealistic newly qualified Scottish doctor, Andrew Manson, who is dedicated to treating Welsh miners suffering from tuberculosis . Initially, he is full of lofty scientific goals, though his purpose erodes when he later moves to London to treat rich hypochondriacs . Rosalind Russell ... The plot of The Citadel was reshuffled and simplified for the 1953 Columbia Pictures ... sequence in The Citadel . Cast Robert Donat as Dr. Andrew Manson Rosalind Russell as Christine ... http tcmdb.com title title.jsp?scarlettTitleId 3217 The Citadel at Turner Classic Movies trailer http www.tcm.com thismonth article ?cid 87774 TCM article http www.britmovie.co.uk films The Citadel ... id 0029995 title The Citadel Amg movie 9728 The Citadel http www.bfi.org.uk features ultimatefilm ... A. J. Cronin CinemaoftheUK King Vidor Films Robert Donat DEFAULTSORT Citadel, The Category 1938 films ... Category Romantic drama films cy The Citadel ffilm de Die Zitadelle es La ciudadela fr La Citadelle film it La cittadella film 1938 nl The Citadel film ja 1938 pt A Cidadela filme sv Citadellet ... more details
Citadel Station may refer to Citadel Station, a space station orbiting Saturn that serves as the setting for the video game System Shock Citadel Station, a space platform orbiting List of Star Wars planets T V Telos Telos IV in the video game Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic II Citadel Station, a location in the video game Mass Effect Carlisle Citadel, the original name of Carlisle railway station See also Citadel disambiguation disambig ... more details
The Chrysler Citadel was a concept car created by Chrysler DaimlerChrysler under the Chrysler marque . It was shown at the 2000 Washington DC Auto Show. The Citadel was a hybrid with good performance and the inspiration for the production model Chrysler Pacifica Pacifica . Engine and Performance The Citadel is powered by a 189 kW 253 hp , 3.5 L, V6 gasoline engine in the rear wheels and an electric one in the front wheels. This combination of powers gives better performance in the rear. The gasoline engine gives out convert 253 hp and a surplus convert 70 hp from the electric motor. The Citadel uses rear wheel drive RWD . References http www.conceptcarz.com vehicle z260 Chrysler Citadel default.aspx Info on the Citadel ConceptCarz.com http www.sae.org automag conceptvehicle 05.htm Info From Automotive Engineering Online Chrysler Category Chrysler concept vehicles Citadel ... more details
Citadel of Crime may refer to A Man Betrayed 1941 film A Man Betrayed 1941 film , also known as Citadel of Crime , an American film directed by John H. Auer, starring John Wayne Citadel of Crime George Sherman film Citadel of Crime George Sherman film , a 1941 American film directed by George Sherman , starring Robert Armstrong actor Robert Armstrong disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Citadel is a diving spot in Martinique . Coord missing France DEFAULTSORT Citadel Category Underwater diving sites Category Geography of Martinique Martinique geo stub ... more details
Infobox building name The Citadel image The Citadel Under Construction on 28 December 2007.jpg image size 250px caption The Citadel under construction on 28 December 2007 building type location Dubai , United Arab Emirates latd 25 latm 10 lats 59.54 latNS N longd 55 longm 15 longs 44.41 longEW E iso region AE DU coordinates display title roof floor count 42 start date completion date 2008 opening elevator count floor area developer Dubai Properties architect DAR Consult The Citadel is a 42 floor tower in the Business Bay in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . The tower has a total structural height of 201 m 659 ft . The Citadel was topped out in early 2008 and completed later that year. Citation needed date June 2010 See also List of tallest buildings in Dubai External links commons The Citadel http www.emporis.com en wm bu ?id streetcitadel dubai unitedarabemirates Emporis Dubai skyscrapers DEFAULTSORT Citadel Category Skyscrapers in Dubai Category Buildings and structures completed in 2008 Category Skyscrapers between 200 and 249 meters UAE struct stub eu The Citadel id The Citadel Dubai ... more details
Image Furg citadel Darmian County birjand iran 1.jpg right thumb Furg Citadel The Citadel of Furg , or Arg e Furg , is a citadel from the 12th century, located in South Khorasan Province South Khorasan , in Iran , near Birjand . The citadel was founded by Meerza Muhammad Rafiee Darmiany I Lama . ref cite book last Divan first Lama authorlink coauthors title Divan Lama publisher Sanobar date 1365 persian location pages url doi id ref See also Greater Khorasan Khorasan Iranian architecture References Reflist refbegin add references below refend coord missing Iran Category Birjand Category Castles in Iran Category Iranian architecture Category 12th century architecture fa Iran struct stub castle stub South Khorasan Province ... more details
Infobox software name Citadel UX screenshot Image Citadel Mail Screen View.jpg 180px Bulletin Board view in WebCit hr Image Citadel Calendar view showing menu view en.jpg 180px Calendar view in Webcit hr caption http www.citadel.org doku.php?id screenshots More screenshots on the project site frequently updated yes developer citadel.org operating system Unix , Linux genre Groupware programming language C programming language C license GNU General Public License GPL website URL http www.citadel.org Portal Free software Citadel UX typically referred to simply as Citadel is a collaboration suite messaging and groupware that is descended from the Citadel software Citadel family of programs which became popular in the 1980s and 1990s as a bulletin board system platform. It is designed to run on open source operating systems such as Linux or Berkeley Software Distribution BSD . Although it is being used for many bulletin board systems, in 1998 the developers began to expand its functionality to a general purpose groupware platform. In order to modernize the Citadel platform for the Internet , the Citadel UX developers added functionality such as shared calendars, instant messaging, and built in implementations of Internet protocols such as Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMTP , Internet Message ... security. Users of Citadel UX systems also have available to them a web based user interface ... with the system. Citadel uses the Berkeley DB database for all of its data stores, including the message ... links http www.citadel.org Official CitadelCitadel UX website http archives.seul.org seul edu Dec 1999 msg00203.html Announcement from 1999 on Citadel becoming a GPL groupware product Review of Citadel ... 2 http www.alphavida.com modauthcitadel Mod auth citadel, an Apache Web Server authentication module for Citadel by Stuart Cianos E mail clients FreeCollabManageSoftware DEFAULTSORT Citadel Ux Category ... Groupware de Citadel UX ru Citadel groupware ... more details
Citadel Hill is a term usually applied to a hilltop military stronghold. It can also refer to Citadel Hill Fort George , a glacial drumlin on Halifax, Nova Scotia and the site of Fort George Jabal al Qal a , a hill in Amman, Jordan and the site of a 2000 year old Roman stronghold geodis ... more details
For the similarly named television broadcasting company, see Citadel Communications . Infobox defunct company name Citadel Broadcasting Corporation logo File Citadel 2007.png 150px type genre foundation ... subsid slogan homepage footnotes intl Citadel Broadcasting Corporation was a Las Vegas, Nevada Las Vegas , Nevada based broadcast holding company. Citadel owned 243 radio stations across the United ... and Cumulus Media owned more stations prior to Citadel s merger with Cumulus. On March 10th, 2011, Cumulus Media announced that it would purchase Citadel Broadcasting. After receiving conditional ... was approved by Citadel shareholders on September 15, 2011. The merger of the two companies closed on September 16, 2011, and Citadel became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Cumulus Media. History The company was founded in 1984 in Phoenix, Arizona by Larry Wilson as Citadel Associates Limited Partnership . In 1990 it was renamed Citadel Associates Montana Limited Partnership for the purpose of owning and operating stations in Montana that were formerly owned by CALP. A year later, Citadel ... by its predecessors. Within a decade, Citadel expanded to 26 states. Within that time period, it absorbed ... Wilson sold Citadel to private equity firm Forstmann Little & Company for 2.1 billion. By that time ... www.citadelbroadcasting.com about history.cfm Citadel Broadcasting Corporate History Citadel s official website through Internet Archive accessed January 14, 2009 ref Citadel Broadcasting launched an online service called Citadel Interactive in 2005, and a year later launched Right Now Radio . By July ... Citadel Broadcasting Logo.png left thumb Citadel Broadcasting logo prior to 2007 acquisition of ABC Radio. On February 6, 2006, Forstmann Little and The Walt Disney Company agreed to merge Citadel with Disney s ABC Radio. ref name wsj citadel abc Citadel to Buy Most of Disney Radio Assets, The Wall Street Journal , February 6, 2006. ref Shares representing 57 of Citadel were distributed to shareholders ... more details
Image uk dor verne.JPG thumb Built on the highest point of Portland, the Verne is surrounded by cliffs and a moat, with two entrances one via a footbridge and one via this tunnel. Verne Citadel is a citadel on the Isle of Portland , Dorset , England . The citadel was started in 1847 at a camp for prisoners building Portland harbour s breakwater structure breakwater s, and was extended during the 1860s as a result of the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom Royal Commission , ending up with 8 Rifled Muzzle Loader RML guns with calibres up to 12 . It is now used as a prison The Verne HM Prison The Verne , with no public access. Following WWII the Citadel was used for training newly conscripted recruits of the corps of the Royal Engineers. The moat was used for training in the use of explosives. In 1949 the Citadel reverted to its former use as a prison. External links http www.victorianforts.co.uk pdf datasheets vernecitadel.pdf Victorian Forts data sheet http www.cyberport.co.uk historyfile portland and weymouth dorsets coastal defences verne.htm Verne Citadel http www.isleofportlandpictures.org.uk Verne Historic pictures of the Verne Citadel and the Army presence there coord 50.5622 2.4357 type landmark region GB display title Category 1847 establishments in England Category Buildings and structures in Dorset Category Palmerston Forts Category Isle of Portland ... more details
Image Namur JPG07.jpg thumb right The Citadel of Namur, with the Meuse river and the Walloon Parliament in the foreground The Citadel or Castle of Namur is a fortress in the city of Namur city Namur , at the confluence of the Sambre and Meuse river Meuse rivers. It is originally from the Roman era, but has been rebuilt several times. Its current form was designed by Menno van Coehoorn , and improved upon by Vauban after the Siege of Namur 1692 siege of 1692 . It has been classified as a Wallonia s Major Heritage site. gallery Image Namur JPG uk1.jpg Namur, the Meuse, the Walloon parliament and the citadel Image Namur from citadel.jpg Citadel of Namur Image 01 Namur 290305 3 JPG.jpg The Jambes Bridge over the Meuse, in front of the citadel gallery See also Namur city History History of Namur city External links http www.trabel.com namur namen citadel.htm NAMUR The Citadel coord 50.4605 N 4.864 E region BE type landmark display title Category Namur city Category Wallonia s Major Heritage Category Castles in Belgium Namur Category 3rd century establishments Category 1240s architecture Category 1550s architecture Belgium castle stub eo Citadelo de Namur fr Citadelle de Namur it Cittadella di Namur nl Citadel van Namen pt Castelo de Namur ... more details
doctorwhobook title Citadel of Dreams series Telos Doctor Who novellas number 2 featuring Seventh Doctor br Ace Doctor Who Ace cover writer Dave Stone publisher Telos Publishing Ltd. isbn ISBN 1 903889 04 9 standard pages 120 date March 2002 preceding Time and Relative following Nightdreamers Citadel of Dreams is an original novella written by Dave Stone and based on the long running United Kingdom British science fiction on television science fiction television series Doctor Who . It features the Seventh Doctor and Ace Doctor Who Ace . It was released both as a standard edition hardback and a deluxe edition ISBN 1 903889 05 7 featuring a frontispiece by Lee Sullivan. Both editions have a foreword by Andrew Cartmel . Featured Alien Races Dracori, the original inhabitants of the planet, with several hundred eyes and tentacles. Sloater, when transformed, has a thousand temporary mouths and orifices on the surface of his flesh. The City itself is a living creature. External links Doctor Who RG id telos02 title Citadel of Dreams http members.lycos.co.uk cloisterlibrary citadel.htm The Cloister Library Citadel of Dreams Reviews OG review id tel 2 title Citadel of Dreams DWRG id citadel title Citadel of Dreams Category 2002 novels Category Doctor Who novellas Category Novels by Dave Stone Category British science fiction novels Category Novellas Category Telos Publishing books Doctorwho stub ... more details
Image Citadelle Vauban Lille Boufflers.jpg thumb Entrance Image Grondplan citadel Lille.JPG thumb Layout of the citadel The Citadel of Lille lang fr Citadelle de Lille lang nl Citadel van Rijsel is a pentagon shaped citadel of the city wall of Lille , in France. It was built around 1668. It hosts the Corps de r action rapide France . ref http www.fortified places.com lille.html Fortified places fortresses Lille ref Dubbed Queen of the citadels Reine des citadelles by Vauban , it is one of the most notable citadels designed by Vauban. The citadel was part of a double line of fortified towns of Gravelines , Dunkirk and Maubeuge Rocroi . It was famous pr carr square field , conceived by Vauban comprising 28 fortified cities. Starting from Lille, Vauban supervised the construction of the many citadels and channels of the North, which controlled the border between France and Belgium. References Commonscat Citadelle Vauban de Lille reflist coord 50 38 28 N 3 02 40 E display title region FR type landmark source frwiki Category Buildings and structures in Lille Category Forts in France Category Visitor attractions in Nord French department de Zitadelle von Lille fr Citadelle de Lille nl Citadel van Rijsel ... more details
Refimprove date June 2007 File Kirkuk citadel.jpg thumb Outside Wall at Kirkuk Citadel The Kirkuk Citadel lang ar Qal at Karkuk is located in the centre of the city of Kirkuk in Iraq , and is considered to be the oldest part of the city. The citadel stands on an artificial mound 130 feet high located on a plateau across the Khasa River . The mound, or tell , is believed to have been built by King Ashurnasirpal II between 884 and 858 BCE as a military defence line of Arrapha . Later King Sluks built a strong Defensive wall rampart with 72 towers around the 72 streets and the two entries to the citadel. A jewel of the citadel is the so called Red Church , with traces of pre Muslim mosaics. It is believed that Timur visited the citadel in 1393 during his military expedition. The modern walls go back to the Ottoman Empire Ottoman period. In the 1990s, Saddam Hussein , the former Iraq i president, announced a campaign to beautify the walled citadel. Some believe that the campaign s intention was to remove the 800 900 mostly Iraqi Turkmen Turkmen and Kurdish people Kurdish families living in its ancient houses. The citadel is considered by Iraqi Turkmen Turkmen as an important factor in their history. There are several Iraqi Turkmen Turkmen neighbourhoods within and around the citadel , such as Topkapi, Helvacilar, Hamam, Agalik, Yedi Kizlar, and Zindan. A large number of historical and religious sites still exist there, such as a tomb that is believed to be the prophet Daniel s Tomb . ref http www.koord.com webbook book aras aras1 kerkuk.htm ref See also Tomb of Daniel References Reflist Coord missing Iraq Category Castles in Iraq Category Buildings and structures in Kirkuk Citadel ar fr Citadelle de Kirkouk it Cittadella di Kirkuk ... more details
Image Spandau castle.jpg thumb 250px right Spandau Citadel The Spandau Citadel lang de Zitadelle Spandau is a fortress in Berlin , Germany , one of the best preserved Renaissance architecture Renaissance military structures of Europe. Built from 1559&ndash 94 atop a medieval fort on an island created by the meeting of the Havel and the Spree , it was designed to protect the town of Spandau , which ... spot. History Italian architect Francesco Chiaramella de Gandino started to plan the citadel in 1557 ... arranged and connected by curtain walls, the Spandau citadel is an ideal example of a 16th century ..., first troops were assigned to the Spandau Citadel which was completed only in 1594. Swedish troops were the first to besiege the citadel in 1675 and Napoleon was the first to conquer it in 1806. During ... the battle in Berlin , the citadel became a part of the cities defences. The Citadel s trace italienne ... instead of bombarding and storming the Citadel, the Soviets investment military invested it and set about negotiating a surrender. After negotiations, the citadel s commander surrendered to the Lieutenant ... World War, the Spandau Citadel was first occupied by Soviet troops. With the division of Berlin, Spandau and its Citadel was part of the British sector. The citadel was used as a prison for Prussian ... The citadel is composed of different buildings all related to defence or representative housing. The gate house with a draw bridge used to hinder attackers to enter the citadel. The Gothic hall ... found bearing witness of Jewish life in the important trade town and the function of the citadel ... budget surpluses. From 1950 to 1986, the citadel housed vocational school Otto Bartning. Subsequently, more and more buildings were redesigned for museums and exhibition. Today, Spandau citadel is famous for its open air concerts during the Citadel Music Festival. See also Spandau Prison Haselhorst ... http www.zitadelle spandau.de official web site Spandau Citadel German only Berlin struct stub coord ... more details
File Cairo citadel 1800s.jpg thumb right 300px Cairo Citadel in 19th century File Flickr HuTect ShOts Citadel of Salah El.Din and Masjid Muhammad Ali Cairo Egypt 17 04 2010 4 .jpg thumb 300px Cairo Citadel, in 2010. File GD EG Citadelle du Caire map.svg thumb right 300px Map of Cairo Citadel. File L C Tiffany Cairo Mosque 1872.jpg thumb right 300px On the Way between Old and New Cairo, Citadel Mosque of Mohammed Ali, and Tombs of the Mamelukes , by Louis Comfort Tiffany , c. 1872 The Saladin Citadel of Cairo lang ar transl ar DIN Qala at Sal ... historic site, with mosques and museums. Medieval history The Citadel was fortified by the Ayyubid .... The Citadel would be the centerpiece of the wall. Built on a promontory beneath the Muqattam Hills, a setting that made it difficult to attack, the efficacy of the Citadel s location is further demonstrated ... Press, 2001. pp85 132 ref The citadel stopped being the seat of government when Egypt s ruler, Khedive ... the Citadel was completed in 1183 1184, the wall Saladin had envisioned was still under construction in 1238, long after his death. To supply water to the Citadel, Saladin built the convert 280 ft m ... of the well. Once water was raised from the well to the surface, it traveled to the Citadel on a series ... water for the numerous animals and humans then living in the Citadel. To increase the volume of water ... which was then transported to the wall and subsequently to the Citadel, via the aqueducts Saladin had constructed. The improvements to the Citadel s water supply were not Nasir s only additions to the Citadel ... to the Citadel during Nasir s reign include the structure s southern enclosure the northern enclosure .... Prior to Nasir s work on the Citadel, the Baybars constructed the Hall of Justice and the House of Gold. ref name Raymond, Andre 2001. pp85 132 19th century history The Citadel is sometimes referred to as Mohamed Ali Citadel lang ar transl ar DIN Qala at Mu ammad Al , because ... more details
File Neamt.citadel1.cristibur.jpg 250px thumb Road & access ramp to the Fortress Neam Citadel lang ro Cetatea Neam or Cetatea Neam ului is a medieval fortress located in north eastern part of Romania , near T rgu Neam , Neam County . It was built in 14th century Moldavia during Petru I of Moldavia s reign and expanded in the 15th century. The citadel played a key role in Stephen III of Moldavia s defense system, along with Suceava , Khotyn Fortress Hotin , Soroca Fort Soroca , Orhei Fort Orhei , Tighina , Kilia Chilia and Cetatea Alb . History Lack of reliable information on the origins of Neam Fortress had resulted in several hypotheses whose reliability was often questioned. A number of historians and philologists, as A.D. Xenopol , B.P. Hasdeu , D. Onciul consider that according to the papal bull of 1232 the Teutonic Knights of B rsa had built between 1211 1225 on the eastern slope of the Carpathians a castrum muntissimum which was later identified as the citadel. The Germanic Teutonic or Saxon hypothesis was acquired by many of Romanian historians. Gallery gallery File Neamt Citadel 2009 September 22 5.JPG Inner Court File Neamt Citadel 08.jpg Neam Citadel File Neamt Citadel 2009 September 22 2.JPG gallery See also List of castles in Romania Tourism in Romania External links http neamt.ro cmj Cetatea Neamt Cetate Eng.html English description Commons category Neam Citadel coord 47.21429 26.3433 display title type landmark region RO NT DEFAULTSORT Neamt Citadel Category Castles in Romania Category Castles in Moldavia Category Neam County Romania struct stub bg fr Si ge de Cetatea Neam ului 1476 ro Cetatea Neam ru ... more details
Infobox mountain name Citadel Mountain photo Saint Mary Lake and Wildgoose Island.jpg photo caption Citadel Mountain rises above Saint Mary Lake in the center of the picture in the distance elevation ft 9030 elevation ref ref name My Topo cite web url http www.mytopo.com maps.cfm?search string Citadel Mountain montana title Citadel Mountain, Montana format Map publisher My Topo USGS Quads accessdate 2010 03 07 ref prominence ft 2150 prominence ref ref name Peakbagger cite peakbagger pid 4798 name Citadel Mountain, Montana accessdate 2010 03 07 ref location Glacier County, Montana , United States USA range Lewis Range coordinates coord 48 37 56 N 113 39 18 W type mountain region US display inline,title ref name gnis cite gnis id 769884 name Citadel Mountain accessdate 2010 09 26 ref topo United States Geological Survey USGS Logan Pass, MT first ascent 1939 ref name Peakbagger easiest route File Photograph of Little Chief Mountain, Blackfoot Mountain, and Citadel Mountain from Goat Mountain. NARA 282360.tif thumb 250 right Little Chief Mountain , Blackfoot Mountain , and Citadel Mountain, viewed from Goat Mountain Citadel Mountain convert 9030 ft m 0 is located in the Lewis Range , Glacier National Park US Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana . ref name My Topo ref name Peakbagger The mountain is located at the western edge of Saint Mary Lake and is easily seen from the Going to the Sun Road . See also Mountains and mountain ranges of Glacier National Park U.S. Cited references reflist Category Mountains of Glacier County, Montana Category Mountains of Glacier National Park U.S. Montana geo stub ... more details
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