Marxism In Marxist theory , the immiseration thesis also referred to as emiseration thesis refers to the view that the nature of capitalism capitalist production logically requires an ever greater reduction in real wage s and worsening of working conditions for the proletariat . Marx Concerning the evolution of the worker s living conditions, Karl Marx Marx argued that quotation Within the capitalist system all methods for raising the social productivity of labour are put into effect at the cost of the individual worker ... All means for the development of production undergo a dialectic al inversion so that they become a means of domination and Rate of exploitation exploitation of the producers they distort the worker into a fragment of a man, they degrade him to the level of an appendage of a machine, they destroy the actual content of his labour by turning it into a torment, they Marx s theory of alienation alienate from him the intellectual potentialities of the labour process ... , they transform his life into working time, and his wife and child beneath the wheels of the juggernaut of capital. But all methods of the production of Surplus value surplus value are at the same time methods of Capital accumulation accumulation , and every extension of accumulation becomes, conversely, a means for the development of these methods. It follows therefore that in proportion as capital accumulates, the situation of the worker, be his payment high or low, must grow worse . Karl Marx, Das Kapital Das Kapital Kritik der politischen konomie , 1867. ref Cf. Marx, Karl 2007 Capital A Critique of Political Economy The Process of Capitalist Production . Volume I, part 2. Cosimo Inc., pp. 708 709 ref The fact that Marx subscribed to such an immiseration thesis even though he never used the term immiseration himself would explain why he was never concerned by the problem that capitalist ... . Frankfurt School main Frankfurt School The immiseration thesis was equally questioned by contemporary ... more details
The staples thesis is a theory of Canada Canadian economic development . The theory has its origins in research into Canadian social, political, and economic history carried out in Canadian universities by members of what were then known as departments of political economy. From these groups of researchers, the two most prominent scholars following this approach were Harold Innis and William Archibald Mackintosh W.A. Mackintosh . ref cite book last Ramesh first Michael Howlett Alex Netherton M. title The political economy of Canada an introduction year 1999 publisher Oxford Univ. Press location Don Mills, Ontario u.a. isbn 978 0 19 541348 9 edition 2. ed. ref During the 1990s, it was revived by Daniel Drache through his work on resource capitalism and Canadian political economy. Innis argued that Canada developed as it did because of the nature of its staple commodities raw materials, such as fish, fur, lumber, agricultural products and minerals, that were exported to Europe . This trading link cemented Canada s cultural links to Europe. The search for and exploitation of these staples led to the creation of institutions that defined the political culture of the nation and its regions. Innis argues that different staples led to the emergence of regional economies and societies within Canada. For instance, the staple commodity in Atlantic Canada was cod . This industry was very decentralized, but also very co operative. In western Canada the central staple was wheat . Wheat farming was a very independent venture, which led to a history of distrust of government and corporations in that part of the country. Also important, however, were the shocks caused by volatility in the market for wheat and by the weather itself on the growing season. In Central Canada , the main staple ... essentially British for so much of its history. While the staples thesis originally described the evolution ... upon resource extraction and primary industries. The staples thesis states that exportation ... more details
The Zilsel thesis in the history of science history and philosophy of science philosophy of science proposes an explanation for why modern science emerged in the early 17th century in Western Europe and not in other places or eras. Edgar Zilsel claims that science only emerged when capitalism emerged in Western Society because The whole process was imbedded in the advance of early capitalistic society, which weakened collective mindedness, magical thinking, and belief in authority and which furthered causal rational and quantitative thinking. Zilsel 2003, 7 This created an environment in which two previously separated social groups could come into contact. These were the academically trained rational thinkers who were always members of the upper classes and what Zilsel calls superior craftsmen . The academics possessed methodical intellectual training but not practical skills while the craftsmen were skilled in experimentation and causal research but lacked the methodical rational approach acquired from study of the classics. Zilsel supports his argument with a case study of William Gilbert astronomer William Gilbert who, in 1600 and five years before Francis Bacon s http www.gutenberg.org etext 5500 The Advancement of Learning , published the first printed book on magnetism written by an academically trained scholar based almost entirely on actual observation and experiment. Gilbert rejected authority when it differed from observation and rejected superstitious explanations for physical phenomena. Zilsel details the way in which Gilbert drew on the work of Robert Norman, a navigator and Compasssmith compass maker . Zilsel also claims that the Renaissance artist engineers and their like used quantitative rules of thumb that are the forerunners of the physical List of laws ... thesis on the rise of science. References Zilsel, Edgar. 2003. The social origins of modern science .... Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers. Category Philosophy of science Zilsel Thesis ... more details
The Frontier Thesis or Turner Thesis , is the argument advanced by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that the origin of the distinctive egalitarian, democratic, aggressive, and innovative features of the American character has been the American frontier experience. He stressed the process the moving frontier line and the impact it had on pioneers going through the process. In the thesis, the frontier established liberty by releasing Americans from European mind sets and ending prior customs of the 19th century. Turner first announced his thesis in a paper entitled The Significance of the Frontier in American History , delivered to the American Historical Association in 1893 in Chicago. Other historians had begun to explore the meaning of the frontier, such as Theodore Roosevelt Historian Theodore Roosevelt , who had a different theory. Roosevelt argued that the battles between the trans Appalachian pioneers and the Indians in the Winning of the West had forged a new people, the American race. ref Richard Slotkin, Nostalgia and Progress Theodore Roosevelt s Myth of the Frontier, American Quarterly 1981 33 5 pp. 608 637 http www.jstor.org stable 2712805 in JSTOR ref Evolution Turner set up an evolutionary model he had studied evolution with a leading geologist, Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin , using the time dimension of American history, and the geographical space of the land ... as the source of America s innovation and democratic ideals was disappearing. Impact Turner s thesis ... new frontiers. ref Gerald D. Nash, The frontier thesis A historical perspective, Journal of the West ..., some critics on the left wing politics left saw the Frontier Thesis as the impetus for a new ... the frontier thesis because it did not attempt to explain the evolution of those groups. ref Nichols ... metaphor thus maintained its rhetorical ties to American social progress. The frontier thesis ... Allen, ed,. The Frontier Thesis Valid Interpretation of American History? 1966 the major attacks and defenses ... more details
In number theory , Tate s thesis is the 1950 thesis of harvs txt first John last Tate year 1950 authorlink John Tate under supervision of Emil Artin . In it he used a translation invariant integration on the locally compact group of ideles to lift the zeta function of a number field, twisted by a Hecke character, to a zeta integral and study its properties. Using harmonic analysis , more precisely the summation formula, he proved the functional equation and meromorphic continuation of the zeta integral and the twisted zeta function. He also located the poles of the twisted zeta function. His work can be viewed as an elegant and powerful reformulation of a work of Erich Hecke on the proof of the functional equation of the twisted zeta function L function . Hecke used a generalized theta series associated to an algebraic number field and a lattice in its ring of integers. Kenkichi Iwasawa independently discovered during the war essentially the same method without an analog of the local theory in Tate s thesis and announced it in his 1950 ICM paper and his letter to Dieudonne written in 1952. Hence this theory is often called Iwasawa Tate theory . Iwasawa in his letter to Dieudonne derived on several pages not only the meromorphic continuation and functional equation of the L function, he also proved finiteness of the class number and Dirichlet s theorem on units as immediate byproducts of the main computation. The theory in positive characteristic was developed one decade earlier by Witt, Schmid and Teichmuller. Iwasawa Tate theory uses several structures which come from class field theory , however it does not use any deep result of class field theory. Generalisations A noncommutative generalisation Iwasawa Tate theory was extended to a general linear group over an algebraic number field and automorphic representations of its adelic group by Roger Godement and Herv Jacquet ... 2003 chapter Tate s thesis pages 109 131 Citation last1 Tate first1 John T. title Algebraic Number ... more details
Embourgeoisement is the process of migration of individuals into the bourgeoisie as a result of their own efforts or collective action, such as that taken by unions in the US and elsewhere in the 1930 through 1960s Citation needed date March 2012 that established middle class status for factory workers and others that would not have been considered middle class by their employments, allowing increasing numbers of what might traditionally be classified as working class people to assume the lifestyle and individualistic values of the so called middle classes and hence reject commitment to collective social and economic goals. The opposite process is proletarianization . Citation needed date March 2012 Background Charles E. Hurst ref name Hurst 2007 cite book last Hurst first Charles E. title Social Inequality Forms, Causes, and Consequences 6th Edition publisher Pearson year 2007 ref describes this change to be a result of the post industrialization of society, in which there are far fewer manual labor jobs, which is the main classification of blue collar work. With post industrialization, former upper level blue collar workers are moving to white collar work because of the decreased availability and prestige of manual labor jobs. Even when their actual jobs do not change, their lifestyles based on their job situation often change into a lifestyle that according to Mayer and Buckley, more closely resembles the lower middle class than the rest of the lower blue collar workers. The result of this idea of embourgeoisement is that more people are incorporated into the middle class. As a result, there is decreased class consciousness and declining working class solidarity ref cite web url http www.saps.canterbury.ac.nz soci resources glossary embourge.shtml title Embourgeoisement thesis publisher University of Canterbury accessdate 2007 11 30 ref . This in turn could lead to less group action among the lower class if trying to get more rights or changes within their job fi ... more details
In sociology of science , the graphism thesis is a proposition of Bruno Latour that graphics graphs are important in science. Research has shown that one can distinguish between hard science and soft science disciplines based on the level of graphics graph use, so it can be argued that there is a correlation between scientificity and visuality. ref name arsenault2006 cite journal last1 Arsenault first1 D. J. last2 Smith first2 L. D last3 Beauchamp first3 E. A. year 2006 title Visual Inscriptions in the Scientific Hierarchy url http scx.sagepub.com content 27 3 376.full.pdf journal Science Communication volume 27 issue 3 pages 376 doi 10.1177 1075547005285030 ref ref name smith2000 cite journal last1 Smith first1 L. D. coauthors et al. year 2000 title Scientific Graphs and the Hierarchy of the Sciences url http sss.sagepub.com content 30 1 73.full.pdf journal Social Studies of Science volume 30 issue 1 pages 73 doi 10.1177 030631200030001003 jstor 285770 ref Furthermore, natural sciences publications appear to make heavier use of graphs than mathematical and social sciences . ref name cleveland1984 cite journal last1 Cleveland first1 W. S. year 1984 title Graphs in Scientific Publications journal The American Statistician volume 38 issue 4 pages 261 9 doi 10.2307 2683400 jstor 2683400 ref It has been claimed that an example of a discipline that uses graphs heavily but is not at all scientific is technical analysis . ref cite web last1 Mann first1 B. date 5 January 2001 title Is Technical Analysis Voodoo? url http www.fool.com news foth 2001 foth010105.htm work Fool on the Hill publisher Fool.com ref See also Philosophy of science Epistemology Fields of science List of academic disciplines Graphism References references External links cite journal last1 Best first1 L. A. last2 Smith first2 L. D. last3 Stubbs first3 D. A. year 2001 title Graph use in psychology and other sciences journal Behavioural Processes volume 54 issue 1 3 pages 155 165 doi 10.1016 S0376 6357 01 00156 ... more details
In the history of ideas , the continuity thesis is the hypothesis that there was no radical discontinuity between the intellectual development of the Middle Ages and the developments in the Renaissance and early modern period . Thus the idea of an intellectual or scientific revolution following the Renaissance is, according to the continuity thesis, a myth. Some continuity theorists point to earlier intellectual revolutions occurring in the Middle Ages , usually referring to either a European Renaissance of the 12th century ref name Grant as a sign of continuity. Despite the many points that have been brought up by proponents of the continuity thesis, a majority of scholars still support the traditional view of the Scientific Revolution occurring in the 16th and 17th centuries. ref name Grant ref Dear, Peter. Revolutionizing the Sciences European Knowledge and its Ambitions, 1500 1700. Princeton Princeton Univ. Pr., 2001. ref ref Margolis, Howard. It Started with Copernicus. New York McGraw Hill, 2002 ref ref Westfall, Richard S. The Construction of Modern Science Mechanisms and Mechanics. New York John Wiley and Sons, 1971. Reprinted Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1977. ref Duhem The idea of a continuity, rather than contrast between medieval and modern thought, begins with Pierre Duhem , the French physicist and philosopher of science . It is set out in his ten volume work on the history of science, Le syst me du monde histoire des doctrines cosmologiques de Platon Copernic . Unlike many former historians such as Voltaire and Condorcet , who did not consider the Middle Ages to be of much intellectual importance Citation needed date February 2007 , he tried to show that the Roman Catholic Church had helped foster the development of Western science. His work was prompted ... Another notable supporter of the continuity thesis was George Sarton 1884 1956 . In The History ... of the Middle Ages , 1919. DEFAULTSORT Continuity Thesis Category Historiography of science Category ... more details
Closing statement may refer to Closing argument , or summation , the concluding statement of each party s counsel in a court case Closing statement real estate , a document describing a real estate transaction Closing statement debate , the concluding statement in a debate . disambig ... more details
mergefrom Doctrinal statement date April 2012 A statement of faith is a statement of the core beliefs of a religious group. A typical statement of faith is said to be a non comprehensive summary of the core beliefs of a particular faith within a tradition or traditions . Even religious organizations without affiliation will use a statement of faith for identification and definition. Although adherence to a statement of faith is not usually required for membership, it can serve as a normative statement of all corporate worshippers. Other cases are more demanding of compliance. One example of such a statement had been encapsulated in Judaism by Maimonides in his famous Jewish principles of faith Maimonides 13 principles of faith 13 Principles of Faith . The Nicene Creed is commonly cited as a statement of faith in various forms of Christianity , including Anglicanism , Roman Catholicism , and major Orthodox Christianity Orthodox traditions. Sources Maimonides Principles The Fundamentals of Jewish Faith , in The Aryeh Kaplan Anthology, Volume I , Mesorah Publications 1994 See also Mission statement Creed religion stub Category Statements religion Faith ... more details
Chicago Statement may reference the Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy Chicago Statement on Biblical Hermeneutics disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
confusing date November 2010 An eternal statement is a wikt statementstatement whose type token distinction token instances all have the same truth value . For instance, every inscription or utterance of the sentence On July 15, 2009 it rains in Boston. has the same truth value, no matter when or where it is asserted. This type of statement is distinguished from others in that its context will not influence its truth value. References W.V.O. Quine , Philosophy of Logic Category Philosophical logic Category Statements Category Veracity ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The term political statement is used to refer to any act or non verbal form of communication that is intended to influence a decision to be made for or by a political party. A political statement can vary from a mass demonstration to the wearing of a badge with a political slogan . It was a term popularised in the 1960s but still has some currency. The term has also been used to describe negotiated statements such as the Seville Statement on Violence or the Waldorf Statement , or extempore utterances with political implications. DEFAULTSORT Political statement Poli term stub Category Political activism ... more details
mergeto Statement of faith date April 2012 A doctrinal statement is a statement of doctrine made by a Church body church or other religious institution which quantifies precisely its core beliefs on certain issues. It is common for doctrinal statements to include positions on lectionary and translations of the Bible , particularly in evangelicalism evangelical churches, some of which accept only the King James Version . In the Roman Catholic Church , a doctrinal statement can be made by the Pope himself, usually with the help of the Holy Office , a statement which then becomes part of the Magisterium of the Church. The Magisterium can be Ordinary and Extraordinary, depending on the degree of solemnity of the statements. See also Creed christian theology stub Category Statements religion Category Religious belief and doctrine ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 In the Law of the United States American legal system , an agreed statement is an agreement between two parties to a lawsuit or an appeal of a judgment. The agreements are always limited to cases where the dispute is a question of legal interpretation rather than a dispute concerning the facts of a case. DEFAULTSORT Agreed Statement Category Statements law US law stub ... more details
A conditional statement may refer to In logic and mathematics Material conditional , a propositional binary connective Strict conditional , a formal way of expressing the meaning of a conditional sentence A conditional sentence in natural language, including Indicative conditional Counterfactual conditional Conditional programming , a conditional statement in a computer programming language See also Condition disambiguation Conditional Logical biconditional Entailment disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In logic , an intensional statement form is a statement form with at least one instance such that substituting co extensive expressions into it does not always preserve logical value . An intensional statement is a statement that is an instance of an intensional statement form. Here co extensive expressions are expressions with the same extension semantics extension . A statement form is simply a form obtained by putting blanks into a sentence where one or more expressions with extensions occur for instance, The quick brown jumped over the lazy s back. An instance of the form is a statement obtained by filling the blanks in. That is, a statement form is intensional if it has, as one of its instances, a statement for which there are two co extensive expressions in the relevant language such that one of them occurs in the statement, and if the other one is put in its place uniformly, so that it replaces the former expression wherever it occurs in the statement , the result is a different statement with a different logical value. An intensional statement, then, is an instance of such a form it has the same form as a statement in which substitution of co extensive terms fails to preserve logical value. A non intensional statement is also known as an extensional statement, since substitution of co extensive expressions into it always preserves logical value. A language is intensional if it contains intensional statements, and extensional otherwise. English, in common with every other natural language, is an intensional language. The only extensional ... , the result is as true as the original statement. It should be clear that no matter what is put for Mark Twain , so long as it is a singular term picking out the same man, the statement remains true ... statement, and thus they or more complex expressions like It is possible that are sometimes ... context DEFAULTSORT Intensional Statement Category Logic Category Statements ... more details
In economics and philosophy , a positive statement concerns what is , was , or will be , and contains no indication of approval or disapproval what should be . Positive statements are testable or, at least, it is possible to imagine facts that disprove them but can be factually incorrect The moon is made of black and gold cheese is empirically false, but is still a positive statement, as it is a statement about what is, not what should be. Positive statements are contrasted with normative statement s, which do make value judgements. Historical origins of the term could include reference to the philosophical notion of positivism . Citation needed date October 2010 References Cite book title An introduction to positive economics edition fourth pages 4 6 first Richard G. last Lipsey year 1975 publisher Weidenfeld & Nicolson isbn 0297768999 http www.unc.edu depts econ byrns web Economicae Figures Positive Normative.htm Economae An Encyclopedia DEFAULTSORT Positive Statement Category Economics terminology Category Statements economic term stub ... more details
In economics , a normative statement expresses a value judgement about whether a situation is subjectively desirable or undesirable. The world would be a better place if The Moon is made of green cheese the moon were made of green cheese is a normative statement because it expresses a judgement about what ought to be. Notice that there is no way of testing the veracity of the statement even if you disagree with it, you have no sure way of proving to someone who believes the statement that he or she is wrong by mere appeal to facts. Normative statements are characterised by the modal verbs should , would or could . They form the basis of normative economics , and are the opposite of positive statement s. For further information see normative science . References Cite book title An introduction to positive economics edition fourth pages 4 6 first Richard G. last Lipsey year 1975 publisher Weidenfeld & Nicolson isbn 0297768999 External links http www.unc.edu depts econ byrns web Economicae Figures Positive Normative.htm Economae An Encyclopedia Category Economics terminology Category Statements economic term stub ... more details
A witness statement is a statement summarising the oral evidence that a witness will give at trial. The purpose the witness statement is to set out the evidence of the witness in some jurisdictions the statement will stand as the Testimony evidence in chief of the witness particularly in non criminal trials , and the trial will simply proceed to cross examination . In other jurisdictions, the witness statement only serves as a preview of the evidence to be given by the witness as part of the discovery law discovery process . Generally speaking, in the United States witness statements are generally eschewed in favour of an extensive discovery process including Deposition law deposition of key witnesses prior to trial. External links http www.pinsentmasons.com media 1112787891.pdf Summary of witness statements under English law http www.hse.gov.uk enforce enforcementguide investigation witness witness.htm HSE guide to witness statements Category Statements law Category Legal procedure Category Evidence law law stub ... more details
wikisource A Frank Statement Image Zwei zigaretten.jpg thumb 250px right Unlit filtered cigarettes A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers was a historic Tobacco advertising advertisement run by major American tobacco tobacco industry companies on January 4, 1954 in response to a study showing that cigarette Tar tobacco residue tar caused cancer ous tumor s on mouse skin. ref name tobacco http www.tobacco.org Documents dd ddfrankstatement.html Daily Doc TI, Jan 4, 1954 The Frank Statement of 1954 . Tobacco.org. 30 September 2000. Accessed 17 July 2009. ref The ad ran in more than 400 newspapers throughout the U.S. aimed at an estimated 43 million people. ref http www.sourcewatch.org index.php?title The Frank Statement ref The ad was the first in a campaign to dispute reports that smoking cigarettes could cause lung cancer and had other dangerous Health effects of tobacco health effects . ref name tobacco See also Tobacco advertising References reflist DEFAULTSORT Frank Statement Category Advertisements Category Tobacco advertising ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date October 2011 Released to the Arab Press on January 9, 2001 The Statement of 1,000 was a follow up to the Statement of 99, but the reform prescription it was to advocate was heatedly debated by the civil activists who drafted it. Written by the well known Syrian writer and thinker Abdulrazak Eid , the document was leaked to the Lebanese press before all the intended signatories had approved the final text. Reprising the call for reforms of the Statement of 99, but couched in loftier rhetoric, the Statement of 1,000 goes far beyond previous demands with its call for the replacement of one party rule by a multiparty democracy. Its publication was one of the triggers that prompted the Damascus Winter crackdown on civil society activists by the regime. Note The source for The Statement of 1000 is al Hayat, January 9, 2001. References Reflist Extract from Alan George, Syria Neither Bread Nor Freedom London Zed Books, 2003 . Poli term stub Category Political activism ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 A false statement is a statement that is either willfully or unknowingly untrue. Though the word fallacy is often used as a synonym for false statement , this is not logical fallacy what is meant by fallacy in logic or most formal contexts. A false statement need not be a lie . A lie is a statement that is known to be untrue and is used to mislead. A false statement is a statement that is untrue but not necessarily told to mislead, as a statement given by someone who does not know it is untrue. Examples of false statements Misleading statement lie John told his little brother that sea otters aren t mammals, but fish, even though John himself was a marine biologist and knew otherwise. John simply wanted to see his little brother fail his class report, in order to teach him to begin projects early, which help him develop skills necessary to succeed in life Statement made out of ignorance James, John s brother, stated in his class report that sea otters were fish. James got an F after his teacher pointed out why that statement was false. James did not know that sea otters were in fact mammals because he heard that sea otters were fish from his older brother John, a marine biologist . In law In some jurisdiction s, false statement is a crime similar to perjury . United States main Making false statements In U.S. law, a false statement generally refers to the United States federal false statements statute, contained in USC 18 1001 . Most commonly, prosecutors use this statute to reach cover up crimes such as perjury , false declarations, and obstruction of justice and government fraud cases. ref cite book last Strader first Kelly J. title Understanding White Collar Crime edition 2 ref Its earliest progenitor was the False Claims Act of 1863, ref Hubbard ... fact br 2 makes any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation or br 3 ..., or fraudulent statement or entry. blockquote References reflist See also Making false statements ... more details
In logic a statement is either a a meaningful declarative sentence that is either Truth true or false , or b what is asserted or made by the use of a declarative sentence. In the latter case, a statement is distinct from a Sentence linguistics sentence in that a sentence is only one formulation logic formulation of a statement, whereas there may be many other formulations expressing the same statement. Philosophy of language Philosopher of language , Peter Strawson advocated the use of the term statement in sense b in preference to proposition . Strawson used the term Statement to be such that two declarative sentences make the same statement if they say the same thing. Thus the term statement may refer to a sentence or something made expressed by a sentence. In either case they are purported truthbearer truth bearers . Examples of sentences that are or make statements Socrates is a man. A triangle has three sides. Paris is the capital of Spain. The first two make statements that are true, the third is or makes a statement that is false. Examples of sentences that are not or do not make statements Who are you? Run Greenness perambulates I had one grunch but the eggplant over there. The King of France is wise. Pegasus exists. The first two examples are not declarative sentences and therefore are not or do not make statements. The third and fourth are declarative sentences but, lacking meaning, are neither true nor false and therefore are not or do not make statements. The fifth ... held it was neither true nor false since it did not make a statement. Statement as an abstract entity In some treatments statement is introduced in order to distinguish a sentence from its information content. A statement is regarded as the information content of an information bearing sentence. Thus, a sentence is related to the statement it bears like a numeral to the number it refers to. Statements ... Budapest year 2000 isbn 963 379 978 3. Jasa Xenakis, Sentence and Statement , Analysis Vol. 16, No. 4 ... more details
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