Orphan date September 2008 A fibrinogen uptake test is a test that was formerly used to detect deep vein thrombosis . Radioactive labeled fibrinogen is given which is incorporated in the thrombus . The thrombus can then be detected by scintigraphy . Category Medical tests Med diagnostic stub ... more details
for the comic by Al Columbia The Blood Clot Boy Blood Clot Boy is a figure in the mythology mythologies of several Native Americans in the United States Native American tribes, including the Cree , Blackfoot , Pawnee people Pawnee , and Arapaho . He is depicted as being born from a Thrombus clot of blood . http www.ruthenia.ru folklore berezkin eng 061 66.htm Category Mythology of the indigenous peoples of North America NorthAm myth stub ... more details
An antithrombotic is a drug which reduces thrombus formation. ref DorlandsDict one 000006359 antithrombotic ref ref http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?antithrombotic ref Different antithrombotics affect different processes Antiplatelet drug s limit the migration or aggregation of platelet s. Anticoagulant s limit the ability of the blood to clot. Thrombolytic drug s act to dissolve clots after they have formed. See also Direct Xa inhibitor References reflist Major drug groups Antithrombotics Category Antithrombotic agents blood drug stub pt Antitromb tico ... more details
Lines of Zahn are a characteristic of thrombus thrombi ref name urlAtherosclerosis cite web url http library.med.utah.edu WebPath ATHHTML ATH031.html title Atherosclerosis format work accessdate ref that appear particularly when formed in the heart or aorta . They have visible and microscopic alternating layers laminations of platelets mixed with fibrin, which appear lighter, and darker layers of red blood cell s. ref name Lee cite journal author Lee R, Adlam D, Clelland CA, Channon KM title Lines of Zahn in coronary artery thrombus journal Eur Heart J year 2012 volume issue pages pmid 22345124 doi 10.1093 eurheartj ehs028 ref Their presence implies thrombosis at a site of rapid blood flow that happened before death. In veins or smaller arteries, where flow is not as constant, they are less apparent. They are named after German pathologist Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn 1845 1904 . ref citation title Stedman s Medical Dictionary editor Stegman, JK year 2006 publisher Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins edition 28th location Baltimore, MD ref References references Kumar, V. et al. 2005 . Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease, and Shock. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th edition. Elsevier Saunders Pennsylvania. med sign stub Eponymous medical signs for circulatory and respiratory systems Category Symptoms and signs Vascular pt Linhas de Zahn ... more details
Zahn is a surname. Notable persons with the surname include Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn 1845 1904 , German pathologist Johann Zahn 1631 1707 , German canon who wrote on the camera obscura and who invented an early camera Johannes Zahn 1817 1895 , German musicologist and theologian who developed a taxonomy of Lutheran hymns and melodies Paula Zahn born 1956 , American newscaster Peter von Zahn , 1913&ndash 2001 , German author, filmmaker, and journalist Steve Zahn born 1967 , American actor Theodor Zahn 1838 1933 , German biblical scholar Timothy Zahn born 1951 , American science fiction novelist See also lookfrom Zahn Lines of Zahn , a layered thrombus formed at the site of rapid blood flow surname de Zahn Begriffskl rung es Zahn fr Zahn sv Zahn ... more details
Primary fibrinogenolysis is a Disease medical condition that appears with abnormal production of Fibrin degradation product fibrinogen fibrin degradation products FDP , degradation of coagulation factors V, VIII, IX, XI and or degradation of the fibrin present in any pre existing localized Thrombus thrombi and hemostatic clots. ref name marder cite journal author Marder VJ, Williams WJ, Beutler E, Erslev AJ, Lichtman MA, eds. title Consumptive thrombohemorrhagic disorders journal Hematology year 1990 ref ref name Potron cite journal author Potron G, Caen JP, Tobelem G, Soria C, eds. title Fisiopatologia delle iperfibrinolisi journal Milano Masson year 1988 ref References reflist 2 medicine stub Category Coagulation system Category Diseases and disorders Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
Multiple issues orphan January 2012 A saddle embolus or straddling embolism is a thrombus that straddles a dividing blood vessel . Saddle emboli are often lethal because they prevent the entry of blood into the lung and cause acute anoxia . These emboli typically originate in the veins of the lower extremities and are carried by venous blood to the vena cava and then through the right atrium and ventricle into the pulmonary artery . A massive Pulmonary thromboembolus thromboembolus may occlude the pulmonary artery or its main branches ref Pathology for the Health Professions 3rd ed. By Ivan Damjanov ref ref http www.mayoclinic.com health pulmonary embolism DS00429 ref References references Category Hematology med stub ... more details
orphan date June 2010 Asasantin is a drug combination of ref http www.fass.se LIF produktfakta artikel produkt.jsp?NplID 19971212000035&DocTypeID 7&UserTypeID 2 FASS the Swedish official drug catalog Asasantin Last update 2009 08 17 ref Acetylsalicylic acid , the analgesic otherwise trademarked as Aspirin Dipyridamole , a medication drug that inhibits thrombus formation ref DorlandsDict three 000030395 Dipyridamole ref when given chronically and causes vasodilation when given at high doses over short time. References reflist Category Combination drugs Pharma stub ar ... more details
moving thrombus is called an embolus. ref Cite book last Howland first Richard D. last2 Mycek first2 ... publisher Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c2006. page 227 isbn 0 7817 4118 1 ref A thrombus ... more details
A paradoxical embolism is a kind of stroke or other form of arterial thrombosis caused by embolism of a thrombus blood clot of venous origin through a lateral opening in the heart, such as a patent foramen ovale . ref name pmid18069145 cite journal author Rakhit RD title Case 2 Patent foramen ovale PFO and paradoxical embolism journal Heart volume 89 issue 11 pages 1362 year 2003 month November pmid 18069145 pmc 1767929 doi 10.1136 heart.89.11.1362 url ref The opening is typically an atrial septal defect , but can also be a ventricular septal defect . Paradoxical embolisms represent two percent of arterial emboli. ref name pmid17433144 cite journal author Tang CE title Paradoxical embolism a rare life and limb threatening emergency journal CJEM volume 6 issue 1 pages 40 4 year 2004 month January pmid 17433144 doi url http caep.ca template.asp?id 45BD6A5280BE4D2B988E701CC522E931 format dead link date May 2010 ref Pathophysiology Passage of a clot thrombus from a vein to an artery. When clots in veins break off embolize , they travel first to the right side of the heart and, normally, then to the lungs where they lodge, causing pulmonary embolism . On the other hand, when there is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart an atrial septal defect , a clot can cross from the right to the left side of the heart, then pass into the arteries as a paradoxical embolism. Once in the arterial circulation, a clot can travel to the brain, block a vessel there, and cause a stroke cerebrovascular accident . Also called crossed embolism. References reflist Vascular diseases Category Vascular diseases Category Neurological disorders med stub ja ... more details
In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thrombectomy , is an emergency procedure that removes blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Mechanical thrombectomies can be surgical surgical thrombectomy or percutaneous percutaneous thrombectomy . ref Casazza F, Roncon L, Greco F. Pulmonary embolism treatment of the acute episode. Ital Heart J. 2005 Oct 6 10 818 23. PMID 16270473. ref Surgical thrombectomies were once popular but were abandoned because of poor long term outcomes. Recently, in selected patients, they have gone through a resurgence with the revision of the surgical technique. ref Augustinos P, Ouriel K. Invasive approaches to treatment of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2004 Aug 31 110 9 Suppl 1 I27 34. DOI 10.1161 01.CIR.0000140900.64198.f4 PMID 15339878. http circ.ahajournals.org cgi content full 110 9 suppl 1 I 27 Free Full Text . ref Relation to PTE Pulmonary thrombectomies and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy pulmonary thromboendarterectomies PTEs are both operations that remove thrombus. Aside from this similarity they differ in many ways. PTEs are done non emergently whilst pulmonary thrombectomies are typically done as an emergency procedure. PTEs typically are done using hypothermia and full cardiac arrest. PTEs are done for chronic pulmonary embolism, thrombectomies for severe acute pulmonary embolism. PTEs are generally considered a very effective treatment, surgical thrombectomies are an area of some controversy and their effectiveness a matter of some debate in the medical community. See also Pulmonary embolism Heart lung machine References references Category Pulmonary thoracic surgery Surgery stub ... more details
File Taotao giant panda.jpg thumb right Taotao Taotao lang zh c. 1972 &ndash April 2, 2008 was a China Chinese giant panda . Taotao was China s oldest living giant panda at the time of her death at the age of 36. ref name cd cite news first last title Oldest captive panda dies in Shandong url http www.chinadaily.com.cn china 2008 04 03 content 6590951.htm work China Radio International publisher China Daily date 2008 04 03 accessdate 2008 04 17 ref Taotao was born in the wild in Gansu province ref name cd , and in October 1994 was brought to the zoo in Jinan in the Shandong province . ref name cd Taotao never gave birth in captivity, despite the efforts of researchers and zoo keepers. ref name cd Taotao was considered to be one of the List of sites in Jinan Parks and Nature Reserves Jinan Zoo s star attractions and was seen by millions of visitors from 1994 to 2008. ref name cd The Jinan Zoo reportedly bestowed the title of ambassador of harmonious zoology on Taotao. ref name cd Taotao died from brain thrombus and a cerebral hemorrhage on April 2, 2008, at the Jinan Zoo. ref name cd She had been in declining health since the brain thrombus disease was discovered in February 2008. ref name cd Taotao lived far beyond the average life expectancy of a giant panda, who usually live to the age of 25 years old. ref name cd Taotao s remains will reportedly be returned to Gansu province. ref name cd As of 2008, over 200 of the giant pandas that are native to China live in captivity around the world. ref name cd References reflist Famous giant pandas DEFAULTSORT Taotao giant panda Category 1972 animal births Category 2008 animal deaths Category Individual giant pandas carnivora stub China stub Tao Tao the Giant Panda is ubido and busu ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Collateral circulation is when an area of tissue or an organ has a number of different pathways for blood to reach it. This is often as a result of Circulatory anastomosis anastamoses branches formed between adjacent blood vessels. An example of the usefulness of collateral circulation is a systemic thrombo embolism in cats. This is when a thrombus lodges above the external iliac artery Common Iliac Artery , blocking the external and internal iliac arteries and effectively shutting off all blood supply to the hind leg. Even though the main vessels to the leg are blocked, enough blood can get to the tissues in the leg via the collateral circulation in order to keep them alive. Another example in Humans is where a person suffers an acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Attack , collateral circulation in the Heart tissue will sometimes by pass the blockage in the main artery and supply enough oxygenated blood to enable the Cardiac tissue to survive and recover. DEFAULTSORT Collateral Circulation Category Angiology Circulatory stub ... more details
An autosplenectomy from auto self, splen spleen, List of ectomies ectomy removal occurs when a disease damages the spleen to such an extent that it becomes shrunken and non functional. ref http library.med.utah.edu WebPath HEMEHTML HEME116.html Autosplenectomy with sickle cell anemia, gross at http library.med.utah.edu WebPath WebPath , The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education at Mercer University School of Medicine. Retrieved September 10, 2011 ref Consequences Main Asplenia Absence of effective splenic function asplenia is associated with increased risks of overwhelming post splenectomy infection , especially by encapsulated organisms. Protocols involving vaccination and Prophylaxis prophylactic antibiotics can reduce these risks. Diseases that cause autosplenectomy Sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia causes autosplenism by causing hypoxia and infarcts in the spleen. Since in the spleen blood flow is sluggish, the oxygen tension is low. When red blood cells with hemogblobin S are exposed to this low oxygen tension they tend to aggregate and polymerize. Sickled cells also express more adhesion molecules and appear more sticky. The sickle cells arrest in the hypoxic vascular bed in the spleen, resulting in a vicious cycle decrease in O2, sickling and vascular obstruction from thrombus formation. Initially the spleen is enlarged, then progressively becomes smaller. The stasis of flow in the spleen causes hypoxic damage, thrombosis, infarction and fibrosis. In the end the spleen disappears completely termed autosplenectomy . References reflist Category Immune system disorders Category Lymphatic organ diseases Immunology stub ... more details
Image Schizocyte smear 2009 12 22.JPG thumb right Peripheral blood MGG stain patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome A schistocyte or schizocyte from Greek language Greek schistos for divided or schistein for to split , and kytos for hollow or cell is a cell fragmentation fragmented part of a red blood cell . Schistocytes are typically irregularly shaped, jagged, and asymmetrical. A true schistocyte does not have central pallor. ref Amanda Cox et al. , http www.vet.uga.edu vpp clerk cox index.php Schistocytes A Brief Overview . Retrieved 23 August 2008. ref Schistocytes are sometimes referred to as helmet cells. Several microangiopathy microangiopathic diseases , including disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic microangiopathies , generate fibrin strands that sever red blood cells as they try to move past a thrombus , creating schistocytes. Schistocytes are often seen in patients with hemolytic anemia . They are frequently a consequence of mechanical heart valve prostheses. See artificial heart valve Excessive schistocytes present in blood can be a sign of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia MAHA where the most common cause is aortic stenosis. References reflist pathology stub Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings Category Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for RBCs ar de Fragmentozyt fr Schistocyte ... more details
In medicine , glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitors , also GpIIb IIIa inhibitors , is a class of antiplatelet agent s. Several GpIIb IIIa inhibitors exist abciximab ReoPro eptifibatide Integrilin tirofiban Aggrastat Use Glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitors are frequently used during percutaneous coronary intervention angioplasty with or without intracoronary stent placement . They work by preventing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. They do so by inhibition of the GpIIb IIIa receptor on the surface of the platelet s. They may also be used to treat acute coronary syndromes, without percutaneous coronary intervention, depending on TIMI risk. They should be given intravenously. The oral form is associated with increased mortality and hence should not be given. In integrin nomenclature glycoprotein IIb IIIa is called IIb 3. History Their development arose from the understanding of Glanzmann s thrombasthenia , a condition in which the GpIIb IIIa is lacking. ref Seligsohn U. Glanzmann thrombasthenia a model disease which paved the way to powerful therapeutic agents. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2002 Sep Dec 32 5 6 216 7. DOI 10.1159 000073569 PMID 13679645. http content.karger.com ProdukteDB produkte.asp?Aktion ShowPDF&ArtikelNr 73569&ProduktNr 224034&Ausgabe 229381&filename 73569.pdf Free Full Text . ref References references Antithrombotics Category gpIIb IIIa inhibitors de Glykoprotein 2b 3a Hemmer pl Inhibitory receptora glikoproteinowego IIb IIIa pt Inibidores da glicoprote na IIb IIIa ... more details
Ultrasound Enhanced Systemic Thrombolysis is a medical technology that utilizes Transcranial doppler transcranial doppler ultrasonography to treat stroke causing blood clots. It is thought that Transcranial doppler transcranial doppler ultrasonography aimed at residual obstructive intracranial blood flow may help expose thrombi to tissue plasminogen activator or other Thrombolytic drug thrombolytic drugs . Studies have shown that complete recanalisation or dramatic clinical recovery can be increased by more than 19 when using Transcranial doppler transcranial doppler ultrasonography . See also Ultrasound Stroke Tissue plasminogen activator External links http content.nejm.org cgi content short 351 21 2170 Ultrasound Enhanced Systemic Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke NEJM http www.thedoctorslounge.net neurology articles ultrasound stroke index.htm Ultrasound Enhanced Systemic Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke http www.thedoctorslounge.net thedoctorslounge.net http www.druginfozone.nhs.uk Record 20Viewing viewRecord.aspx?id 541186 Ultrasound enhanced systemic thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke http www.druginfozone.nhs.uk druginfozone.nhs.uk http jon.sagepub.com cgi content abstract 14 2 108 CLOTBUST Design of a Randomized Trial of Ultrasound Enhanced Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke http jon.sagepub.com sagepub.com http 64.37.123.165 trials TrialDetail.aspx?tid 452 Combined Lysis of Thrombus in Brain Ischemia with Transcranial Ultrasound and Systemic TPA http 64.37.123.165 Internet Stroke Center Category Medical treatments Category Ultrasound Category Medical ultrasound treatment stub ... more details
In medicine , platypnea refers to shortness of breath dyspnea that is relieved when lying down, ref DorlandsDict six 000083340 platypnea ref and worsens when sitting or standing up. It is the opposite of orthopnea . The word is derived from the Greek language Greek platus flat and pnoia breath . Causes left atrial thrombus left atrial tumors pulmonary A V Fistula Platypnea is due to either hepatopulmonary syndrome or an anatomical cardiovascular defect increasing positional right to left shunt ing bloodflow from the right to the left part of the circulatory system . These defects include rare syndromes in which the venous blood from the liver does not pass through the lungs, or if venous blood from the portal circulation reaches the inferior vena cava without passing through the liver Abernethy malformation , type 1 . Insufficiency of abdominal muscles causes lower diaphragm position and dyspnea. In clinostatism, abdominal organs push the diaphragm in its normal, upper position, reducing the respiratory effort. Fact date May 2008 References reflist Circulatory and respiratory system symptoms and signs Category Abnormal respiration med stub es Platipnea fr Platypn e ... more details
Genous OrbusNeich is an endothelial progenitor cell EPC capture technology that promotes the accelerated natural healing of the vessel wall after stent implantation. The pro healing technology has an antibody surface coating that captures circulating CD34 endothelial progenitor cell endothelial progenitor cells to the device, forming a functional endothelium endothelial layer over the stent to protect against thrombus and minimize restenosis . ref Bylander, Jessica 27 October 2008 . New Stents On The Block Innovators Look Beyond Drug Coatings. The Gray Sheet. ref The Genous Bio engineered Stent Genous Stent OrbusNeich is a a bio engineered coronary stent coated with immobilized anti CD34 monoclonal antibodies specific to the Genous technology. ref Expert Rev Med Devices. 2009 Jul 6 4 365 75. Genous endothelial progenitor cell capturing stent system a novel stent technology.Klomp M, Beijk MA, de Winter RJ. ref The Genous Bio engineered Stent Combo Dual Therapy Stent OrbusNeich is a coronary stent that combines Genous with an antiproliferative, biodegradable sirolimus drug elution. The Genous Bio engineered Stent Combo Stent was shown to be as effective as a paclitaxel eluting stent in controlling neointimal hyperplasia . ref London, Susan 14 November 2011 . Bioengineered, Sirolimus Eluting Stent Found Safe, and Effective. Cardiology News. ref References Reflist External links http www.orbusneich.com OrbusNeich Web site Category Implants ... more details
of thrombus formation journal New England Journal of Medicine year 2008 volume 359 pages 938 949 ... . When a thrombus occupies more than 75 of surface area of the Lumen anatomy lumen of an artery, blood ... Venous thrombosis Venous thrombosis is the formation of a thrombus blood clot within a vein . There are several ... vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis is the obstruction of the renal vein by a thrombus. This tends ... or subclavian vein by a thrombus. The condition usually comes to light after vigorous exercise and usually ... is a rare form of stroke which results from the blockage of the dural venous sinuses by a thrombus ... thrombosis is the formation of a thrombus within an artery . In most cases, arterial thrombosis ... due to a disturbance in the supply of blood to the brain. This can be due to ischemia , thrombus, embolus a lodged particle or hemorrhage a bleed . In thrombotic stroke, a thrombus blood clot usually ... artery by a thrombus. MI can quickly become fatal if emergency medical treatment is not received ..., MD ref Embolization If a bacterial infection is present at the site of thrombosis, the thrombus ..., the thrombus may become detached and enter circulation as an Embolism embolus , finally lodging in and completely ... more details
vasoconstriction . Arterial embolis may be starting in the heart from a thrombus in the left ... of heart cardiac origin are also frequently encountered in clinical practice. Thrombus formation within ... stroke . Thrombus formation can also take place within the Ventricle heart ventricle s, and it occurs ... s blood supply . Venous See Pulmonary embolism Assuming a normal circulation, a thrombus or other ... more details
scanning is required to confirm the presence of thrombus . Anticoagulant therapy may be started at this point ... thrombus formation or if testing is delayed for several days. Additionally, the presence of anti coagulation can render the test negative because it prevents thrombus extension. Likelihood ratios are derived ... more details
Wiktionary Aggregation may refer to uses in Business and economics Aggregation problem economics Purchasing aggregation, the joining of multiple purchasers in a group purchasing organization to increase their buying power Community Choice Aggregation , the joining of geographically contiguous communities to bypass a conventional energy utility monopoly and seek a greener energy service Computer science and telecommunication Aggregate function , a type of function in data processing Aggregation, a form of Object composition Aggregation object composition in object oriented programming Link aggregation , using multiple Ethernet network cables ports in parallel to increase link speed Packet aggregation , joining multiple data packets for transmission as a single unit to increase network efficiency Route aggregation, the process of forming a supernet in computer networking Aggregation, a process by which Australian country television markets were combined in the late 1980s and 1990s see Regional television in Australia Aggregation Regional television in Australia Natural sciences and statistics Aggregation of soil granules to form soil structure Particle aggregation , direct mutual attraction between particles atoms or molecules via van der Waals forces or chemical bonding The accumulation of platelet s to the site of a wound to form a platelet plug or a thrombus Flocculation , a process where a solute comes out of solution in the form of floc or flakes Overdispersion or statistical aggregation, where the variance of a distribution is higher than expected Pheromone Aggregation Aggregation pheromone Protein aggregation , the aggregation of mis folded proteins See also Aggregate disambiguation Aggregator disambiguation , a web site or computer software that aggregates syndicated web content Agr gation , in French speaking countries, higher level competitive examinations for teachers and professors disambig cs Agregace de Aggregation et Agregatsioon fr Agr gation lt Agrega ... more details
Thrombolytic drugs are used in medicine to dissolve thrombus blood clots in a procedure termed thrombolysis . They limit the damage caused by the blockage of the blood vessel . Uses Thrombolysis is used in myocardial infarction heart attack , Stroke Ischemic thromboembolic strokes , deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism to clear a blocked artery and avoid permanent damage to the perfused see perfusion tissue e.g. myocardium , human brain brain , human leg leg and death . A less frequent use is to clear blocked catheter s that are used in long term medical therapy. Thrombolytic therapy in Stroke Hemorrhagic hemorrhagic stroke s is contraindicated , as its use in that situation would prolong bleeding into the intracranial space and cause further damage. Bleeding worksheet Members The thrombolytic drugs include tissue plasminogen activator t PA alteplase Activase reteplase Retavase tenecteplase TNKase anistreplase Eminase streptokinase Kabikinase , Streptase urokinase Abbokinase These drugs are most effective if administered immediately after it has been determined they are clinically appropriate. The advantage of administration is highest within the first sixty minutes, but may extend up to six hours after the start of symptoms. The drugs are often given in combination with intravenous heparin , or low molecular weight heparin , which are anticoagulant drug s. Side effects Hemorrhagic stroke is a rare but serious complication of thrombolytic therapy. If a patient has had thrombolysis before, an allergy against the thrombolytic drug may have developed especially after streptokinase . If the symptoms are mild, the infusion is stopped and the patient is commenced on an antihistamine before infusion is recommenced. Anaphylaxis generally requires immediate cessation of thrombolysis. See also thrombolysis anticoagulant drug s antiplatelet drug s antiaggregants References Reflist Antithrombotics Major Drug Groups DEFAULTSORT Thrombolytic Drug Category Drugs it Trombolitico ... more details
Image Amyloidosis, dystrophic calcification, H&E.jpg thumb Amyloidosis , dystrophic calcification Dystrophic calcification DC is the calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinized scars, degenerated foci in leiomyoma s, and caseous necrosis caseous nodule s. This occurs as a reaction to tissue damage, ref name urlCell Injury cite web url http library.med.utah.edu WebPath CINJHTML CINJ047.html title Cell Injury format work accessdate ref including as a consequence of medical device implantation. Dystrophic calcification can occur even if the amount of calcium in the blood is not elevated. A systemic mineral imbalance would elevate calcium levels in the blood and all tissues and cause metastatic calcification . Basophilic calcium salt deposits aggregate, first in the mitochondria, and progressively throughout the cell. These calcifications are an indication of previous microscopic cell injury. It occurs in areas of cell necrosis in which activated phosphatases bind calcium ions to phospholipids in the membrane. Calcification can occur in dead or degenerated tissue. Calcification in dead tissue Caseous necrosis in T.B. is most common site of dystrophic calcification. Liquefactive necrosis in chronic abscesses may get calcified. Fat necrosis following acute pancreatitis or traumatic fat necrosis in breasts results in deposition of calcium soaps. Infarct s may undergo D.C. Thrombus Thrombi , especially in veins, may produce phlebolith is. Haematoma s in the vicinity of bones may undergo D.C. Dead parasites like schistosoma eggs may calcify. Congenital toxoplasmosis or rubella may be seen on X ray as calcifications in the brain. Calcification in degenerated tissue Dense scars may undergo hyaline degeneration and calcification. Atheroma in aorta and coronaries frequently undergo calcification. Cyst s can show calcification. Calcinosis cutis is condition in which there are irregular nodular deposits of calcium salts in skin and subcutaneous tiss ... more details
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