Infobox Anatomy Name thyroid Latin glandula thyroidea GraySubject 272 GrayPage 1269 System Endocrine system Caption Image2 Illu thyroid parathyroid.jpg Caption2 Thyroid and parathyroid. Precursor Thyroid diverticulum an extension of endoderm into 2nd Branchial arch MeshName Thyroid Gland MeshNumber A06.407.900 Dorlands nine 000957720 DorlandsID Thyroid gland The thyroid gland or simply, the thyroid IPA en a r d ... pron , in vertebrate anatomy , is one of the largest endocrine gland s. The thyroid gland is found in the neck , below the thyroid cartilage which forms the laryngeal prominence , or Adam s apple . The isthmus the bridge between the two lobes of the thyroid is located inferior to the cricoid cartilage . The thyroid gland controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes protein ... thyroid hormones, the principal ones being triiodothyronine T sub 3 sub and thyroxine which ... in the body. T sub 3 sub and T sub 4 sub are synthesized from both iodine and tyrosine . The thyroid also produces calcitonin , which plays a role in calcium homeostasis . Hormonal output from the thyroid is regulated by thyroid stimulating hormone TSH produced by the anterior pituitary , which itself is regulated by thyrotropin releasing hormone TRH produced by the hypothalamus . The thyroid gets its name from the Greek word for shield , due to the shape of the related thyroid cartilage. The most common problems of the thyroid gland consist of an overactive thyroid gland, referred to as hyperthyroidism , and an underactive thyroid gland, referred to as hypothyroidism . Anatomy File Thyroid gland.jpg thumb right 350px Thyroid gland The thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped organ and is composed ... via the Thyroid isthmus isthmus . The organ is situated on the anterior side of the neck, lying against ... sheath . It starts cranially at the oblique line on the thyroid cartilage just below the laryngeal ... levels because it moves position in relation to these during swallowing. The thyroid gland is covered ... more details
Inferior thyroid can refer to Inferior thyroid veins Inferior thyroid artery Disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Superior thyroid can refer to Superior thyroid artery Superior thyroid vein disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
H, et al title PAX8 mutations associated with congenital hypothyroidism caused by thyroid dysgenesis ... 83 ref Ectopic thyroid An ectopic thyroid is a form of thyroid dysgenesis in which an entire or parts of the thyroid located in another part of the body than what is the usual case. A completely ectopic thyroid gland may be located anywhere along the path of the descent of the thyroid during Thyroid ..., an aberrant or ectopic thyroid gland is known as a lingual thyroid . ref name Kay2010 If the thyroid fails to descend to even higher degree, then the resulting final resting point of the thyroid ... emedicine.medscape.com article 845125 overview aw2aab6b5 emedicine Embryology of the Thyroid and Parathyroids Thyroid Embryology Clinical Correlations By David J Kay and Arlen D Meyers. Updated Jan 14, 2010 ref Parts of ectopic thyroid tissue accessory thyroid tissue can also occur, and arises from ... Accessory thyroid tissue may be functional, but is generally insufficient for normal function if the main thyroid gland is entirely removed. ref name Kay2010 References reflist congenital malformation ... more details
expert date April 2010 Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid . It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma , ref name Kumar20 Chapter 20 in cite book author Mitchell, Richard Sheppard ... neoplasm thyroid cancer , such as papillary thyroid cancer papillary , follicular thyroid cancer follicular , medullary thyroid cancer medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer . ref name hu Hu MI, Vassilopoulou ... 10165 1402668 Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ ... than men. ref name hu ref Al Zaher N, Al Salam S, El Teraifi H. Thyroid carcinoma in the United ... of new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States in 2010 is 44670 compared to only 1690 deaths. ref name na National Cancer Institute. What You Need to Know About Thyroid Cancer National Cancer Institute, 2010.Print ref Of all thyroid nodules discovered, only about 5 percent are cancerous, and under 3 percent of those result in fatalities. Diagnosis See Thyroid nodule The first step in diagnosing a thyroid neoplasm is a physical exam of the neck area. If any abnormalities exist, a doctor ... what problems the thyroid has. Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism are two conditions that often arise from an abnormally functioning thyroid gland . These occur when the thyroid is producing too much or too little thyroid hormone respectively. ref name na Thyroid nodule s is a major presentation of thyroid neoplasms, and is diagnosed by ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration USG FNA or frequently ... cost effective and accurate method of obtaining a biopsy sample. ref Schmitt, Fernando. Thyroid Cytology ... 18, p.201 204. ref As thyroid cancer can take up iodine , radioactive iodine is commonly used to treat thyroid carcinomas, followed by Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH suppression by high dose ... for malignancy is far greater. Classification Thyroid adenoma is a benign neoplasm of the thyroid. Thyroid nodules are very common and around 80 percent of adults will have at least one by the time ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name Thyroid diverticulum Latin saccus thyroideus diverticulum thyroideum GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 System CarnegieStage Days Precursor GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.4.1.2.0.0.9 The thyroid pouch or thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cell s derive. ref http www.mc.vanderbilt.edu histology labmanual2002 labsection3 ThyroidParathyroidIslets03.htm Endocrine Glands Bot generated title ref It grows from the floor of the pharynx . ref http www.med.mun.ca anatomyts head thyroid.htm The thyroid gland Bot generated title ref See also diverticulum References Reflist Embryology of endocrine system Development of digestive system Anatomy stub Category Head and neck Category Embryology ... more details
Infobox journal title Thyroid cover editor Charles H. Emerson discipline Endocrinology abbreviation Thyroid publisher Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. country frequency Monthly history 1990 present openaccess Hybrid license impact 4.327 impact year 2010 website http www.liebertpub.com products product.aspx?pid 55 link1 http www.liebertonline.com thy link1 name Online access link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC 21579335 LCCN CODEN THYRER ISSN 1050 7256 eISSN 1557 9077 Thyroid is a medical journal in the field of endocrinology , covering research on diseases of the thyroid . It is the official journal of the American Thyroid Association and published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. . Category Publications established in 1990 Category Endocrinology journals Category Mary Ann Liebert academic journals Category English language journals Category Monthly journals ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Thyroid cartilage Latin cartilago thyroidea GraySubject 236 GrayPage 1073 Image Larynx external en.svg Caption The cartilages of the larynx. Image2 Caption2 Precursor 4th and 6th branchial arch System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName Thyroid cartilage MeshNumber A02.165.257.625.870 DorlandsPre c 12 DorlandsSuf 12217225 The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilage s that make up the laryngeal skeleton , the cartilage structure in and around the Vertebrate trachea ... because of the difference in the size of the angle 90 in male and 120 in female. The lip of the thyroid cartilage just superior to the laryngeal prominence is called the superior thyroid notch , while the notch inferior to the thyroid angle is called the inferior thyroid notch . Its posterior border is elongated both inferiorly and superiorly to form the superior horn of thyroid cartilage and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage . File Larynx detailed.jpg thumb 300px right Thyroid cartilage Layers and articulations The two laminae that make up the main lateral, surfaces of the thyroid cartilage ... borders of the thyroid gland . The posterior edge of each lamina joint articulates with the cricoid ... in phonation voice . The entire superior edge of the thyroid cartilage is attached to the hyoid bone by the thyrohyoid membrane . Function The thyroid cartilage forms the bulk of the anterior wall ..., showing muscular attachments. Image Gray959.png Muscles of larynx. Side view. Right lamina of thyroid ... Larynx File Slide10a.JPG Thyroid cartilage File Slide2cc.JPG Thyroid cartilage, lateral view File Slide2b.JPG Thyroid cartilage, lateral view File Slide4c.JPG Thyroid cartilage File Slide3e.JPG Thyroid cartilage File Slide2f.JPG Thyroid cartilage File Slide6g.JPG Thyroid cartilage gallery See also Cricoid Laryngeal prominence Larynx Phonation Thyroid cartilage reduction Vocal fold References Reflist External links eMedicineDictionary Thyroid cartilage NormanAnatomy lesson11 NormanAnatomyFig ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Thyroid isthmus Latin isthmus glandulae thyroideae GraySubject 272 GrayPage 1270 Image Gray1174.png Caption The thyroid gland and its relations. Isthmus visible at center. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre i 14 DorlandsSuf 12462815 The thyroid isthmus connects together the lower thirds of the lobes it measures about 1.25 cm. in breadth, and the same in depth, and usually covers the second and third rings of the trachea . Its situation and size present, however, many variations. In the middle line of the neck it is covered by the skin and fascia, and close to the middle line, on either side, by the Sternothyreoideus . Across its upper border runs an anastomotic branch uniting the two superior thyroid arteries at its lower border are the inferior thyroid veins . External links SUNYAnatomyFigs 26 01 07 Diagram of the relationship of the thyroid gland to the larynx. NormanAnatomy lesson5 NormanAnatomyFig antthyroidgland http anatquest.nlm.nih.gov VisibleHuman ImageData Rendered jpg DSR110229583.jpg Diagram large http www.biotech.um.edu.mt home pages chris endocrine endocrineHTml thyroid1.htm Diagram small Gray s Endocrine system anatomy stub Category Head and neck ... more details
Infobox disease Name Thyroid cancer Image Thyroid papillary carcinoma histopathology 4 .jpg Caption Micrograph high power view of papillary thyroid carcinoma demonstrating diagnostic features cell nucleus ... 193 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ent eMedicineTopic 646 MeshID D013964 Thyroid cancer is a thyroid ... resection of the thyroid gland . Chemotherapy or radiotherapy may also be used. ref http www.mayoclinic.com health thyroid cancer DS00492 DSECTION treatments and drugs ref Symptoms Image Lymph node with papillary thyroid carcinoma.jpg thumb 250px right Micrograph of a lymph node with papillary thyroid carcinoma . Most often the first symptom of thyroid cancer is a nodule in the thyroid region ... cancer management 11 chapter05 article 10165 1402668 Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers in Pazdur ... of the neck and changes in voice due to involvement of recurrent larygeal nerve. Thyroid cancer is usually ... with a large or metastatic well differentiated tumor. Thyroid nodules are of particular concern ... is less likely, and thus the potential for malignancy is far greater. Diagnosis See Thyroid nodule After a thyroid nodule is found during a physical examination, a referral to an endocrinologist , a thyroidologist ... of a nodule, and assess the status of the whole gland. Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and anti thyroid antibodies will help decide if there is a functional thyroid disease such as Hashimoto ... Bennedbaek FN, Perrild H, Heged s L title Diagnosis and treatment of the solitary thyroid nodule. Results ... article&sid nlm pubmed&issn 0300 0664&date 1999&volume 50&issue 3&spage 357 ref Classification Thyroid ... thyroid HealthProfessional page2 title Thyroid Cancer Treatment National Cancer Institute accessdate ... cancernet 101252.html 2 CELLULARCLASSIFICATION title Thyroid cancer accessdate 2007 12 22 format ... variation Papillary thyroid cancer 75 to 85 of cases ref name Kumar20 Chapter 20 in cite book ... often in young females excellent prognosis Follicular thyroid cancer 10 to 20 of cases ref name ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Thyroid adenoma Image Caption DiseasesDB 13071 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 226 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D013964 A thyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the thyroid gland. Types Almost all thyroid adenomas are follicular adenomas. ref name isbn0 7216 0187 1 cite book author Cotran, Ramzi S. Kumar, Vinay Fausto, Nelson Nelso Fausto Robbins, Stanley L. Abbas, Abul K. title Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease publisher Elsevier Saunders location St. Louis, Mo year 2005 pages 1117 isbn 0 7216 0187 1 oclc doi accessdate ref Follicular adenomas can be described ... overview aw2aab6b4 emedicine Thyroid, Evaluation of Solitary Thyroid Nodule Benign Thyroid Nodules By Daniel J Kelley and Arlen D Meyers. Updated Oct 17, 2008 ref Differential diagnosis A thyroid adenoma is distinguished from a goitre multinodular goiter of the thyroid in that an adenoma is typically ... response of the entire thyroid gland to a stimulus, such as iodine deficiency . Careful pathology pathological examination may be necessary to distinguish a thyroid adenoma from a minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma . ref name robbins Presentation A thyroid adenoma may be clinically silent cold or warm adenoma , or it may be a functional tumor, producing excessive thyroid hormone ... to as a toxic thyroid adenoma . Morphology Thyroid follicular adenoma ranges in diameter from 3 cm on an average, but sometimes is larger up to 10 cm or smaller. The typical thyroid adenoma is solitary, spherical and encapsulated lesion that is well demarcated from the surrounding Thyroid parenchyma ... is found in multinodular goiters, are common in thyroid follicular adenoma, particularly in larger lesions. Management Most patients with thyroid adenoma can be managed by watchful waiting without ... afp 2003 0201 p559.html ref References Reflist See also Thyroid nodule oncology stub Endocrine gland neoplasia Category Thyroid cancer cs Adenom t tn l zy es Adenoma tiroideo t xico ru ... more details
200px Thyroxine T sub 4 sub File T3 3D vdW.png thumb right 200px Triiodothyronine T sub 3 sub The thyroid ... s produced by the thyroid gland primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. Iodine is important ... production of T sub 3 sub and T sub 4 sub , enlarges the thyroidthyroid tissue and this will cause the disease known as goitre . The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine T sub ... T sub 0 sub a . Circulation and transport Plasma transport Most of the thyroid hormone ... hormone is free unbound and biologically active, hence measuring concentrations of free thyroid hormones is of great diagnostic value. When thyroid hormone is bound, it is not active, so the amount ... of the cell, the thyroid hormone receptor s. T sub 1 sub a and T sub 0 sub a are positively charged ... diagnostic tool is measurement of the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone TSH that is present. Membrane transport Contrary to common belief, thyroid hormones can not traverse cell membrane s in a passive ... have been identified in humans. They guarantee that intracellular levels of thyroid hormones are higher ... transport Little is known about intracellular kinetics of thyroid hormones. However, recently ... Function File Thyroid system.png thumb 300px The thyroid system of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine ... File Thyroid systbcvhxcxcfffgem.png References . ref The thyronines act on nearly every cell in the body ... to catecholamine s such as adrenaline by permissiveness biology permissiveness . The thyroid hormones ... stimuli influence thyroid hormone synthesis. Thyroid hormone leads to heat generation .... Although thyrotoxicosis also refers to an increase in circulating thyroid hormones, it can be caused by the intake of thyroxine tablets or by an over active thyroid, whereas hyperthyroidism refers solely to an over active thyroid. Hypothyroidism an example is Hashimoto s thyroiditis is the case where ... of thyroid hormones in depression journal Eur J Endocrinol volume 138 issue 1 pages 1 9 year ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Thyroid disease Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 E00 E07, Q89.1 Q89.2 ICD9 ICD9 240 ... A thyroid disease is a medical condition impairing the function of the thyroid . Diseases Prose date June 2008 Hyper and hypofunction Imbalance in production of thyroid hormone s arises from dysfunction of the thyroid gland itself, the pituitary gland , which produces thyroid stimulating hormone TSH ... H, Tuttle RM, Baskin HJ, Fish LH, Singer PA, McDermott MT title Subclinical thyroid dysfunction ... Thyroid Association, and the Endocrine Society journal Endocr Pract volume 10 issue 6 pages 497 ... title Thyroid hormone replacement for subclinical hypothyroidism journal Cochrane Database Syst ... Clarify date April 2010 Citation needed date April 2010 Thyroid hormone resistance Euthyroid sick syndrome Hyperthyroidism overactivity Hyperthyroidism Thyroid storm Thyroid storm Graves disease Toxic thyroid nodule Toxic nodular struma Plummer s disease Hashitoxicosis Anatomical problems Goitre Endemic goitre Diffuse goitre Multinodular goitre Lingual thyroid Thyroglossal cyst Thyroglossal duct cyst Tumors Thyroid adenoma Thyroid cancer Papillary Follicular Medullary Anaplastic Lymphoma s and metastasis from elsewhere rare Deficiencies Cretinism Medication linked to thyroid disease includes ... Myxedema Diagnosis Blood tests The measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone TSH levels is often used by doctors as a screening test. Elevated TSH levels can signify an inadequate thyroid hormone ... is abnormal, decreased levels of thyroid hormones T4 and T3 may be present T4 and T3 levels may be determined ... may be detected in various disease states anti TG, anti Thyroid peroxidase TPO , TSH receptor stimulating antibodies . There are two cancer markers for thyroid derived cancers. Thyroglobulin TG for well differentiated papillary or follicular adenocarcinoma, and the rare medullary thyroid cancer has ..., a specific test may be used. Thyroid releasing hormone TRH is injected into the body through ... more details
Orphan date February 2011 potassium iodide Potassium iodide KI and potassium iodate potassium iodate KIO sub 3 sub are called thyroid blockers when used in radiation protection . If a person consumes a dose of one of these chemical compound s, his or her thyroid may saturate with stable iodine , preventing accumulation of radioiodine radioactive iodine found after a nuclear meltdown or nuclear explosion explosion . First time recipients of an x ray examination are advised to take a thyroid blocker, particularly potassium iodide, at least 48 hours before the scheduled appointment. refimprove date January 2009 DEFAULTSORT Thyroid Blocker Category Radiobiology ... more details
0004447 image width caption protein Name thyroid peroxidase caption image width HGNCid 12015 Symbol ... 2 Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData pter p24 Thyroid peroxidase or thyroperoxidase TPO is an enzyme expressed mainly in the thyroid that liberates iodine for addition onto tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin for the production of thyroxine T sub 4 sub or triiodothyronine T sub 3 sub , thyroid ... aspects of thyroid peroxidase journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 445 issue 2 pages 269 77 year ..., Umeki K, Hirai K, Nakayama T, Ohtaki S title Human thyroid peroxidase complete cDNA and protein sequence ... Thyroid hormone synthesis.png thumb 300px Thyroid hormone synthesis , with thyroid peroxidase performing ..., I sup sup . After entering the thyroid follicle or thyroid follicular cell via a Na sup sup ... via pendrin , after which thyroid peroxidase oxidize s iodide to atomic iodine I or iodinium ... of thyroid hormone, is nonspecific that is, there is no TPO bound intermediate, but iodination ... species and implications for thyroglobulin synthesis journal Thyroid volume 18 issue 7 pages 769 74 ... by thyroid peroxidase occur on the outer apical membrane surface and are mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Stimulation and inhibition TPO is stimulated by thyroid stimulating hormone TSH , which upregulates ... 6 propyl 2 thiouracil and 1 mehtyl 2 mercaptoimidazole on human thyroid iodine peroxidase journal ... jcem 43 1 152 url ref Clinical significance Thyroid peroxidase is a frequent epitope of autoantibody autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease, with such antibodies being called anti thyroid peroxidase ... response to the thyroid in humans thyroid peroxidase the common autoantigenic denominator journal ... V, Lefranc MP, P raldi Roux S title The human anti thyroid peroxidase autoantibody repertoire in Graves and Hashimoto s autoimmune thyroid diseases journal Immunogenetics volume 54 issue 3 pages ... External links MeshName Thyroid Peroxidase med stub Peroxidases Thyroid hormone metabolism enzymes ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Thyroid nodule Image Human thyroid cancer.jpg Caption Human thyroid with cancer ... 3224 MeshID D016606 Thyroid nodules are lumps which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland. ref name urlNew York Thyroid Center Thyroid Nodules cite web url http www.cumc.columbia.edu dept thyroid nodules.html title New York Thyroid Center Thyroid Nodules work accessdate ref They indicate a thyroid neoplasm , but only a small percentage of these are thyroid cancer s. Presentation Often these abnormal growths of thyroid tissue are located at the edge of the thyroid gland so they can ..., they can even sometimes be seen as a lump in the front of the neck. Sometimes a thyroid nodule presents as a fluid filled cavity called a thyroid cyst . Often, solid components are mixed with the fluid. Thyroid cysts most commonly result from degenerating thyroid adenoma s, which are benign, but they occasionally contain malignant solid components. ref http www.mayoclinic.com health thyroid nodules DS00491 DSECTION causes mayoclinic.com Thyroid nodules Feb. 22, 2011 ref Diagnosis After a Nodule ... the presence of a nodule, and assess the status of the whole gland. Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and anti thyroid antibodies will help decide if there is a functional thyroid disease ... author Bennedbaek FN, Perrild H, Heged s L title Diagnosis and treatment of the solitary thyroid ... title Usefulness of fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma a retrospective study ... http www.meddean.luc.edu lumen MedEd medicine endonew thyrndl thyrdndl.htm title Thyroid Nodule work accessdate ref Thyroid nodules are extremely common in young adults and children. Almost 50 of people ..., Dottorini ME title Usefulness of fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma a retrospective ... 1982 title Fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. Impact on thyroid practice and cost ... cite journal last Mazzaferri year 1993 title Management of a Solitary Thyroid Nodule journal N Engl ... more details
Thyroid acropachy is a cutaneous condition characterized by digital clubbing and swelling of digits and toes. ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages 681 isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref File Myxedema.jpg See also Acropachy List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Dermatology stub Category Endocrine related cutaneous conditions Category Thyroid disease ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 9771 ICD10 ICD10 E 07 1 e 00 ICD9 ICD9 246.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Thyroid dyshormonogenesis or dyshormogenetic goiter is a rare condition due to genetic defects in the synthesis of thyroid hormones . ref name pmid17468186 cite journal author Avbelj M, Tahirovic H, Debeljak M, et al title High prevalence of thyroid peroxidase gene mutations in patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis journal Eur. J. Endocrinol. volume 156 issue 5 pages 511 9 year 2007 month May pmid 17468186 doi 10.1530 EJE 07 0037 url http eje online.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 17468186 ref ref name pmid16424561 cite journal author Kumar PG, Anand SS, Sood V, Kotwal N title Thyroid dyshormonogenesis journal Indian Pediatr volume 42 issue 12 pages 1233 5 year 2005 month December pmid 16424561 doi url http www.indianpediatrics.net dec2005 1233.pdf ref Patients develop hypothyroidism with a goitre. Types One particular familial form is associated with sensorineural deafness Pendred s syndrome . OMIM includes the following class wikitable Type OMIM Gene Type 1 OMIM2 274400 SLC5A5 Type 2A OMIM2 274500 Thyroid peroxidase TPO Type 2B OMIM2 274600 Pendred SLC26A4 Type 3 OMIM2 274700 ? Type 4 OMIM2 274800 Iodotyrosine deiodinase IYD Type 5 OMIM2 274900 ? Type 6 OMIM2 607200 DUOX2 References reflist endocrine disease stub Endocrine pathology Congenital endocrine disorders Solute carrier disorders Category Thyroid disease Category Membrane transport protein disorders Category Congenital disorders of endocrine system ... more details
Expert subject Medicine date November 2008 Infobox Vein Name Middle thyroid vein Latin venae thyroideae mediae GraySubject 168 GrayPage 649 Image Gray1174.png Caption The thyroid gland and its relations. Middle thyroid vein labeled at center right. Image2 Gray562.png Caption2 The fascia and middle thyroid veins. Middle thyroid vein labeled at center left. DrainsFrom thyroid DrainsTo internal jugular vein Artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12852058 The middle thyroid vein collects the blood from the lower part of the thyroid gland , and after being joined by some veins from the larynx and Vertebrate trachea trachea , ends in the lower part of the internal jugular vein . Additional images gallery Image Gray561.png Diagram showing common arrangement of thyroid veins. Image Venenwinkel.png The ven cav and azygos veins, with their tributaries. gallery Gray s VeinsHeadNeck Category Veins of the head and neck circulatory stub ja ... more details
Infobox Vein Name Superior thyroid vein Latin vena thyreoidea superioris GraySubject 168 GrayPage 649 Image Gray560.png Caption The veins of the thyroid gland . Image2 Venenwinkel.png Caption2 Veins DrainsFrom DrainsTo internal jugular vein Artery superior thyroid artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12852064 The superior thyroid vein begins in the substance and on the surface of the thyroid gland , by tributaries corresponding with the branches of the superior thyroid artery , and ends in the upper part of the internal jugular vein . It receives the superior laryngeal and cricothyroid veins. Additional images gallery Image Gray577.png The ven cav and azygos veins, with their tributaries. Image Gray1178.png The thymus of a full time fetus, exposed in situ. Image Head ap anatomy.jpg Head anatomy anterior view gallery Gray s VeinsHeadNeck circulatory stub Category Veins of the head and neck ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin arteria thyreoidea inferior GraySubject 148 GrayPage 581 Image Thyrocervical trunk.png Caption Thyrocervical trunk and its branches, including inferior thyroid artery. Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck. Image2 Gray1177.png Caption2 Human parathyroid glands BranchFrom thyrocervical trunk BranchTo Vein inferior thyroid veins Supplies thyroid MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 61 DorlandsSuf 12156378 The inferior thyroid artery arises from the thyrocervical trunk and passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and Longus colli , then turns medially behind the carotid sheath and its contents, and also behind the sympathetic trunk , the middle cervical ganglion resting upon the vessel. Reaching the lower border of the thyroid gland it divides into two branches, which supply the postero inferior parts of the gland, and anastomose with the superior thyroid artery , and with the corresponding artery of the opposite side. The recurrent laryngeal nerve passes upward generally behind, but occasionally in front of, the artery. This makes it vulnerable to injury during surgery that involves ligating the inferior thyroid artery, such as excision of the lower pole of the thyroid gland . Branches Image Inferior thyroid and ascending cervical.PNG thumb left 200px Inferior thyroid with the branch ascending cervical artery labeled. Rest of branches are hidden behind other tissues. The branches of the inferior thyroid are Inferior laryngeal artery Esophageal branches of inferior thyroid artery Tracheal artery Ascending cervical artery Muscular artery Additional images gallery Image Gray1032.png The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind. gallery External links eMedicineDictionary Inferior thyroid artery MUNAnatomy head cbv NormanAnatomy lesson5 NormanAnatomyFig antthyroidgland Gray s circulatory stub Arteries of head and neck Category Arteries of the head a ... more details
Infobox Organization name British Thyroid Foundation image size caption abbreviation BTF motto formation 1991 extinction type status Charity purpose Thyroid medicine in the UK headquarters 3 Devonshire ... parent organization affiliations British Thyroid Association num staff 4 num volunteers budget website http www.btf thyroid.org BTF remarks The British Thyroid Foundation BTF is a UK based, patient led, registered charity dedicated to supporting people with thyroidThyroid Disorders disorders and helping ... thyroid association.org Links British Thyroid Association http www.endocrinology.org links ... . Thyroid Disease the facts. 4th Ed. Oxford University Press ISBN 0192629468 ref Since setting up in 1991, BTF has worked with thyroid specialists from the British Thyroid Association ref http www.british thyroid association.org Links British Thyroid Association ref BTA , to ensure patients get ... society of professional clinical specialist doctors and scientists who look after patients with thyroid disorders and who carry out research into the thyroid. History Janis Hickey, director, founded British Thyroid Foundation in 1991 after being diagnosed with Graves disease and thyroid eye disease . She realized there was a need for support for those with thyroid disease as did the late Sir Richard Bayliss KCVO who was involved with the British Thyroid Association at the time known as The Thyroid ... 082 082.pdf The Endocrinologist Issue 82 ref British Thyroid Foundation was administered out ... British Thyroid Foundation supports local support groups and provides telephone support through volunteers ... thyroid research and treatment, local group activities, and BTF national level news. ref Newsletters ... ref British Thyroid Foundation is represented at various medical conferences such as the British Endocrine ... a difference and improving the patient experience by focusing awareness on specific aspects of thyroid disease . Cancer Project The goal is to provide information and support to thyroid cancer patients ... more details
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