Tihama may refer to Tihamah , a geographical location in the Arabian Peninsula Tihama company , Saudi company Disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
file Greater Yeman.png thumb Yeman in red, unofficial claims in pink Greater Yemen Arabic language Arabic Al Yaman al Kubr is a geographic term denoting the present territory of the Yemen Republic of Yemen as well as the Saudi regions of Asir , Najran Province , Jizan Province , the adjacent islands in the Red Sea and the adjacent parts of Tihamah and sometimes the Omani province of Dhofar . Greater Yemen is also a politics political term denoting the irredentism irredentist aspiration that these areas be united under a common Sovereign state state . These claims recall the historical notion of Bilad al Yaman as well as the Rasulid state of the 13th 15th centuries and the Zaiddiyah Zaidi state of the late 17th and early 18th centuries which encompassed most of the territory of Greater Yemen. In the 20th century, Imam Yahya , King of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen North Yemen attempted to realize these aspirations but only managed to consolidate his control in Upper Yemen , Lower Yemen , Marib , and Lower Tihamah . He was forced to acknowledge Saudi control over Asir and was unable to dislodge the British Empire British from the Aden Protectorate Aden hinterland or Hadhramaut . In 1990, formation of the Republic of Yemen saw the majority of Greater Yemen ruled as a single polity for the first time in nearly two centuries. References http www.al bab.com bys articles schofield00.htm Negotiating the Saudi Yemeni international boundary http www.yemeniafelix.net HistoryofYemen.htm History of Yemen http www.executiveplanet.com index.php?title Yemen About The Yemen Part 1 Yemen About The Yemen Part 1 http www.sabanews.net en news70222.htm Yemen s Historical Capital Irredentism Category Irredentism Yemen Category Geography of the Middle East es Gran Yemen ... more details
Al Mansur Ali I 1738 25 October 1809 was an Imam of Yemen who ruled in 1775 1809. He belonged to the Qasimid family, descended from the Prophet Muhammad , which dominated the Zaidiyyah Zaidi imamate in 1597 1962. Early reign Ali bin Abbas was one of about 20 sons of Imam al Mahdi Abbas d. 1775 . During the reign of his father he was governor of San a . He led a number of successful military expeditions against warring tribes. After his father s death he successfully claimed the imamate, taking the name al Mansur Ali. His first twenty years in power were marked by periodical petty wars with unruly tribesmen. In particular a Sayyid called Ibn Ishaq d. 1805 raised the standard of rebellion and claimed the imamate from 1781 to 1785, assisted by Arhab tribesmen. Al Mansur Ali I managed to deal with these crises. ref Husain ibn Abdullah al Amri, The Yemen in the 18th and 19th Centuries A Political and Intellectual History . London 1985, pp. 35 47. ref The Wahhabi movement Events in other parts of Arabia led to severe losses for the Zaidi state after 1800. The religious Wahhabi movement expanded rapidly in the Hijaz . The semi independent ruler of Abu Arish in the Tihamah , Sharif Hamud d. 1818 , was attacked in 1803 by the pro Wahhabi chief of Upper Asir , Abu Nuqta. Defeated in battle, Sharif Hamud submitted to the Wahhabis. As a vassall of the latter, he committed himself to break off relations with al Mansur Ali I. During the next three years he conquered the Tihamah from the imam, while Abu Nuqta performed raids into the territory still loyal to the Zaidi state. Al Mansur Ali I prepared an expedition to Tihamah in 1806, but it never got underway the event indicates the weakness of the Zaidi imamate at this time. Sharif Hamud, however, fell out with the Wahhabi regime in 1808, and in the next year he killed Abu Nuqta in an assault. ref R.L. Playfair, A History of Arabia Felix or Yemen . Bombay 1859, p. 127 9 Husain ibn Abdullah al Amri, pp. 50 3. ref The end of the rei ... more details
15 years, Tihamah was therefore once again in the hands of the Zaidi state. ref Caesar E. Farah ... into the Tihamah in 1832 and captured Mocha and Hudaydah , and the land in between. He concluded ... more details
Al Hadi Muhammad Arabic language Arabic died January 10, 1844 was an Imam of Yemen who ruled in 1840 1844. He was a member of the Qasimid family, descendants of the Prophet Muhammad , which dominated the Zaidiyyah Zaidi imamate of Yemen from 1597 to 1962. Sidi Muhammad bin Ahmad was a son of Imam al Mutawakkil Ahmad d. 1816 . He held a prominent position at the court of his nephew al Mansur Ali II . When the latter was deposed by an Nasir Abdallah , Sidi Muhammad was put in confinement together with him. After the murder of an Nasir Muhammad in 1840, he was released and raised to the imamate, taking the name al Hadi Muhammad. In the same year, the Egypt ian troops, who had been present in the lowlands Tihamah since 1833, withdrew from Yemen. Instead the chief of Abu Arish, Sharif Husayn bin Ali bin Haidar d. 1851 , took power in the Tihamah and allied with Aidh, chief of Asir . Unruly conditions in the lowlands eroded the economy of coastal cities such as Mocha, Yemen Mocha , and many city dwellers migrated to United Kingdom British Aden . Al Hadi Muhammad managed to recover Mocha and Ta izz in 1841. ref R.B. Serjeant & R. Lewcock, San a An Arabian Islamic City . London 1983, p. 89. ref He repeatedly asked the British authorities in Aden for assistance to take back lands rightfully belonging to the Zaidi state. The British declined this, and in 1843 the Ottoman Porte Porte formally appointed Husayn pasha over the areas under his sway. In reality, Husayn ruled according to his own will. Al Hadi Muhammad lacked resources to act against this, and died in 1844. He was succeeded by his nephew al Mansur Ali II. ref R.L. Playfair, A History of Arabia Felix or Yemen . Bombay 1859, p. 146 50. ref See also Imams of Yemen History of Yemen References Reflist start box succession box before an Nasir Abdallah title Imams of Yemen Imam of Yemen years 1840&ndash 1844 after al Mansur Ali II end box Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Muhammad, Al Hadi ALT ... more details
Intervention in the Tihamah Meawhile, a new dynastic regime from Himyar , the Mahdids, appeared on the scene. From his base in the mountains adjoining the northern Tihamah , their leader Ali bin Mahdi ... more details
Taxobox name Arabian Waxbill status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis bird Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Estrildidae genus Estrilda species E. rufibarba binomial Estrilda rufibarba binomial authority Jean Cabanis Cabanis , 1851 The Arabian Waxbill Estrilda rufibarba is a highly socialable species of estrildid finch native in Saudi Arabia and Yemen . It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 50,000 km . Habitat Arabian Waxbill is usually found in wetter land of southern Tihamah foothills and the terraced slopes and Wadis of the western escarpment s in Yemen. It can also be found along the south coast of Yemen east to Wadi al Jahr and, in the extensively irrigated intensive agricultural areas of Wadi Hadramawt between Shibam and Tarim , usually with a dense cover of trees and bushes. The altitude of its habitats is approximately 250 to 2,600 m. This species has become closely associated with regularly irrigated agricultural areas especially cereal cultivation due to its accessibility to drinking water. Modern irrigation techniques have increased the crops yield but they also have destroyed some traditional sites through burning and land use change, and threatening the species that requires dense waterside vegetation for communal roosting. References http www.birdlife.org datazone species index.html?action SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid 8654&m 0 BirdLife Species Factsheet Category Estrildidae Category Birds of Saudi Arabia Category Birds of Yemen Estrildidae stub de Jemenastrild es Estrilda rufibarba fr Astrild barbe rousse hu Jemeni asztrild sv Jemenastrild zh ... more details
to subdue the lowlands of Yemen, Tihamah , which had been lost for the Zaidi state since 1832. After having been evacuated by Egypt ian troops in 1840, the Tihamah was dominated by Sharif al Husayn bin ... R.L. Playfair, pp. 150 52. ref Third reign The Ottoman Empire Ottoman Turks returned to the Tihamah ... time. Soon after, the Turks retreated to Hudaydah in the Tihamah. With the Turks gone, the power ... more details
Yemen does not have any permanent rivers, but does have numerous wadi wadis , which is an either permanently or intermittently dry riverbed. This is a list of wadis in Yemen . This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream s name. Red Sea Tihamah Wadi Harad Wadi Mawr Wadi Akhraf Wadi Haydan Wadi Surdud Wadi Siham Wadi Rima Wadi Zabid Wadi Mawza Wadi Bani Khawlan Wadi De Nachib Gulf of Aden Wadi Harim Wadi Tuban Wadi Bana Wadi Hassan Wadi Ahwar Wadi Jurrah Wadi Milh Wadi Ar Ruqub Wadi Mayfa ah Wadi Amaqin Wadi Hada Wadi Hajr Wadi Huwayrah Wadi al Masilah Wadi Hibun Wadi Hamir Wadi Hayfari Wadi Tabaqim Wadi Sana Wadi Adim Wadi Hadramawt Hadhramaut Wadi Sarr Wadi Amd Wadi al Jiz Wadi Dawan Dhahawn Wadi Kidyut Wadi Mahrat Wadi Tinhalin Rub al Khali Wadi Jawf Wadi Raghwan Wadi al Kharid Wadi Abrad Wadi as Sudd Wadi Harib Wadi Dumays Wadi Bayhan Wadi Markhah Wadi Makhyah Wadi as Sidarah Wadi Qinab Wadi Aywat al Manahil Wadi Armah Wadi Dahyah Wadi Arabah Yemen Wadi Arabah Wadi Rakhawt Wadi Mitan Wadi Shihan Wadi Hat Asia topic List of rivers of Category Rivers of Yemen Category Lists of rivers by country Yemen Category Yemen related lists Rivers vi Danh s ch c c s ng Yemen ... more details
Image Yemen Taizz.png right Map of Yemen showing Ta izz governorate. Image Taiz gov.jpg right 300px Ta izz lang ar transl ar Ta izz is a governorates of Yemen governorate of Yemen . The governorate s capital is Ta izz , which is the third largest city in Yemen. Other major towns include Al Sawa , Juha, Yemen Juha and the famous coffee port of Mocha, Yemen Mocha . It has a total population of just over three million and an area of 10,677 km . For such a small area, Ta izz governorate has an extraordinarily diverse geography. The western half of the governorate is part of the Tihamah coastal plain and has an exceedingly Heat hot , Humidity humid and arid climate . The eastern half, however, is very mountain ous, with the major peak being 3,070 metre high Jebel Saber , near Ta izz city. These mountains trap the moisture created by an upper level wind reversal between April and October, so that in the eastern half of the governorate annual rainfall increases from 200 millimetres 8 inches in the foothills to probably more than 1,000 millimetres 40 inches near Jebel Saber. Temperatures in the highlands remain high during the daytime, but at the highest elevations they can fall dramatically to 5 C 23 F overnight. Agriculture reflects this diversity. In the Tihamah region, there is only Irrigation irrigated agriculture, with cotton , sorghum and sesame the chief crops. Inland, whilst these crops are still significant, a much wider range of crops can be grown on rainfall and through water storage. Mango es, papaya s and banana s are the major crops of the western escarpment, and further up coffee and khat are grown. Although wine is prohibited in Yemen because of its ethanol alcohol content, grape s are still grown to produce raisin s in some areas. Ta izz city is the major centre of Islam ic learning in Yemen and was the nation s capital between 1948 and 1962. However, it is not as old as nearby Ibb and Jibla . Today it is the most important commercial centre in Ye ... more details
Image Tihama.jpg thumb 250px Tihama on the Red Sea near Khaukha in Yemen is part of this ecosystem The Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert on the southern coasts of the Arabian peninsula is an ecoregion which experiences thick fogs where visibility may be reduced to 33 feet 10 metres . It is classed as a Afrotropic fog desert ref http www.nationalgeographic.com wildworld profiles terrestrial at at1302.html National Geographic ref Location and description This ecosystem exists on a strip along the western and eastern coasts of Arabia. It follows the coast of Oman southward from Masirah Island and reaches inland to 120 km in the Dhofar Jiddat al Harasisi plateau and the Dhofar mountains. From here it continues as a very narrow strip only 5 km wide along the coast of Yemen and up the 50 km wide the Tihamah plain along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia . In Oman and Yemen moisture is provided by thick fogs coming off the ocean during the summer khareef monsoon, while the hot Tihamah plain is moisturised by some rainfall and the generally high humidity of the Red Sea. Flora In this region, although it rarely rains the fog provides moisture sufficient to nurture a great deal of grassland , shrubs and thick woodland . There are over sixty local species of plant. This coastal strip is of particular importance as further inland where the fog does not have an influence most of the Arabian Peninsula is desert. Vegetation varies progressively away from the coast which features dense woodland of Anogeissus dhofarica , Acacia senegal and various thorny Commiphora trees and shrubs. The richest flora can be found in the Dhofar mountains which have 900 plants including 60 endemic species and two endemic genera, Cibirhiza and Dhofaria . One of these plants, the Frankincense tree Boswellia sacra was a source of great wealth for Dhofar in antiquity. In Yemen the side of Jabal Urays facing the sea is covered with Euphorbia balsamifera shrubs. Fauna The many mammals found ... more details
the coastal Tihamah region and pressured the Zaydi imam to sign a treaty recognizing Ottoman suzerain ... into southern Tihamah and southern Asir but collided with the rising influence of the House of Saud ... the southern Tihamah city of Al Hudaydah . The present day boundary with Saudi Arabia was established ... more details
Image Yemen Al Hudaydah.png right Map of Yemen showing Al Hudaydah governorate. Al Hudaydah lang ar transl ar Al udaida is a governorates of Yemen governorate of Yemen . Its capital is Al Hudaydah . This governorate borders the Red Sea and is part of the narrow Tihamah region. Its capital, Al Hudaydah, also serves as an important local port city. Districts Ad Dahi District Ad Durayhimi District Al Garrahi District Al Hajjaylah District Al Hali District Al Hawak District Al Khawkhah District Al Mansuriyah District Al Marawi ah District Al Mighlaf District Al Mina District Al Munirah District Al Qanawis District Alluheyah District As Salif District As Sukhnah District At Tuhayat District Az Zaydiyah District Az Zuhrah District Bajil District Bayt al Faqih District Bura District Hays District Jabal Ra s District Kamaran District Zabid District Geographic location Centre Al Hudaydah Governorate North Hajjah Governorate Northeast Al Mahwit Governorate br Sanaa Governorate East Raymah Governorate Southeast Dhamar Governorate br Ibb Governorate South Ta izz Governorate Southwest West Red Sea Northwest Governorates of Yemen coord 14 46 N 43 15 E region YE HU type adm1st source dewiki display title Category Al Hudaydah Governorate Category Governorates of Yemen Yemen geo stub ar ca Governaci d al Hudaydah de Al Hudaida Gouvernement es Gobernaci n de Al Hudayda eo Provinco Al Hudajda eu Al Hudayda gobernantzia fa fr Gouvernorat d Al Hudaydah ko hr Al Hudaida Muhafaza it Governatorato di al Hudayda he ka sw Wilaya ya Al Hudaydah hu Hudajda korm nyz s g nl Al Hudaydah gouvernement no Al Huaydah guvernement pl Al Hudajda muhafaza pt Al Hudaydah prov ncia ro Guvernoratul Al Hudaydah ru sco Al Hudaydah Govrenorate sh Al Hudaida Muhafaza sv Al Hudaydah tr El Hudeyde ili zh ... more details
Jabal Haraz is a picturesque mountain region of Yemen , between Sana a and al Hudayda . In the 11th century it was the stronghold of the Sulaihid State Sulaihid dynasty, many of whose buildings survive. ref name unesco http whc.unesco.org en tentativelists 1722 Jabal Haraz UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved 2009 03 24. ref . History and location Because of its location between the Tihamah coastal plain and Sana a , this mountainous area has always been strategically important. A caravan stopping point during the Himyarite Kingdom , the Haraz was later the stronghold of the Sulaihid State which was established in Yemen in 1037. Then and subsequently the population have been Ism aili muslims. Haraz is as famous for the beauty of its landscapes as for its fortified villages clinging to nearly inaccessible rocky peaks. Their imposing architecture meets two needs, defending the villagers while leaving plenty of space for crops. Each town is built like a castle the houses themselves form the wall, equipped with one or two easily defensible doors. Constructed from sandstone and basalt, the buildings are perfectly integrated into the landscape and it is difficult to tell where the rock and the village begins or ends. The mountain is divided into terraces of a few acres or more, separated by walls sometimes several meters high. On these remarkable terraced fields grow alfalfa for livestock, millet, lentils, large areas for coffee and Khat qat . Within a day s journey are Bani Murrah Banu Mora and other villages located on the ridge overlooking Manakhah . Manakhah is the heart of this prosperous mountain range, a large town whose market attracts villagers from the entire neighbourhood. Al Hajjara , to the west of Manakhah, is a beautiful walled village whose citadel was founded in the 12th century by the Sulaihids. From there, other villages are accessible, such as Bayt al Qamus and Bayt Shimran . The village of Hutaib is built on a platform of red sandstone, facing a mag ... more details
An Nasir Abdallah 1811 April 1840 was an Imam of Yemen who ruled in 1837 1840. He was a member of the Qasimid family, descendants of the Prophet Muhammad , which dominated the Zaidiyyah Zaidi imamate of Yemen from 1597 to 1962. Seizure of power Abdallah bin Muhammad bin al Qasim bin Abbas was a great grandson of Imam al Mahdi Abbas d. 1775 . He was originally an imam of the prayer at the Qubbat Mahdi Abbas in San a . ref R.B. Serjeant & R. Lewcock, San a An Arabian Islamic City . London 1983, p. 89. ref In February 1837, the unqualified incumbent al Mansur Ali II was deposed by the soldiery of San a, since their salary was in arrears. ref Bernard Haykel, Revival and Reform in Islam The Legacy of Muhammad ash Shawkani . Cambridge 2003, p. 185. ref Abdallah successfully made his da wa call for the immate with the help of his partisans among religious students. The deposed imam and his uncle Sidi Muhammad were kept prisoners by the new ruler, who took the name an Nasir Abdallah. He took over at a time when the Yemeni lowlands or Tihamah were occupied by Egypt ian troops. The viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha , sent an envoy to an Nasir Abdallah and summoned him to surrender San a to the Ottoman Porte Porte . This was politely refused. Religious and legislative policy An Nasir Abdallah represented the traditional Zaydiyya interests, as opposed to the Sunni influenced judiciary previously built up by the scholar Muhammad ash Shawkani . After his accession he strove to deconstruct the legacy of ash Shawkani. He introduced a strict legislation where the movements of women were restricted, as well as the use of musical instruments. The Ismailis living west of San a were oppressed through his policies. Enraged Ismailis eventually drove the imam s men out of the town Jabal Haraz Haraz . ref Vincent Steven Wilhite, Guerilla War, Counterinsurgency, and State Formation in Ottoman Yemen , PhD Thesis, Ohio State University, 2003, p. 95 6. ref In 1840, an Nasir Abdallah was murd ... more details
Ad Da i Yusuf d. September 12, 1012 was an imam of the Zaidiyyah Zaidi state in Yemen who ruled for two highly turbulent terms 977 999, 1002 1012 . Struggles against Yu firids and Ziyadids Yusuf bin Yahya was a son of the imam al Mansur Yahya who died in 976. In the following year, Yusuf was proclaimed with the regnal name ad Da i Yusuf. His early years were filled with struggles against the Yu firid Dynasty that ruled much of the Yemeni highland. ref H.C. Kay, Yaman Its Early Medieval History . London 1892, p. 227. ref The important city San a at this time was subjected to the overlordship of the Sunni Ziyadid Dynasty which ruled the Tihamah from its base in Zabid . Ad Da i Yusuf managed to gain recognition as prince in San a and the surrounding province in 978, reciting the khutbah in his own name. Nevertheless, the Ziyadid governor Ibn ad Dahhak soon fought back. ref R.B. Serjeant & R. Lewcock, San a An Arabian Islamic City . London 1983, p. 57. ref The last effective Yu firid ruler Abdallah managed to win back the city and increase his power still by invading the Ziyadid domains and seize Zabid . After Abdallah s death in 997, Yu firid rule collapsed. Contested leadership For ad Da i Yusuf, this was but a brief respite. A rival for the imamate , al Mansur al Qasim al Iyyani appeared in 999. With the assistance of the Hamdan tribesmen, ad Da i Yusuf was expelled from Sa dah , the traditional seat of the imams. A Zaidi Sharif , al Qasim bin al Husayn, was dispatched to San a by the new imam, and the Zaydiyyah communities submitted to him. After some years, al Qasim bin al Husayn changed his allegiance to ad Da i Yusuf again. Al Mansur al Qasim al Iyyani retired from power in 1002, and ad Da i Yusuf ruled for a second term. However, his time was filled with petty fighting over San a, where the tribesmen of Hamdan and Khwlan District Khawlan played a major role. ref H.C. Kay, 1892, p. 228. ref He also had to fight al Mansur s son who posed as imam under the name al ... more details
For a discussion on the incident at Ghadeer Khumm, see Hadith of the pond of Khumm Hadith of Ghadeer Khum For a discussion on Eid e Ghadeer, see Eid al Ghadeer see also Wikisource The Last Sermon of Muhammad Wadi Rabigh is a wadi situated inland of the town of Rabigh , extending along the border of the Al Madinah and Makkah Province Makkah provinces of Saudi Arabia . A natural lake near Haggag , some 35 km inland, fringed with reeds Phragmites and fed by several permanent freshwater springs provides a natural wetland unique on the Tihamah north of Jiddah . Ghadir Al Khumm File Ghadir Al Khumm ,Johfa.JPG thumb right Ghadir Al Khumm location at present,Johfa File Mosque at Johfa.JPG thumb right Mosque at Johfa Ghadir Al Khumm Arabic Pond of Khumm , Persianized Ghadir e Khum, or Khom is a location in the Wadi Rabigh mentioned in the Hadith of the pond of Khumm . It was a pond or marsh formed by a spring in the wadi, located to the east of the road from Medina to Mecca , three according to other sources two Arab mile s roughly 4 to 6 km from Al Johfa modern Rabigh , roughly 180 km from both Mecca and Medina, at ca. Coord 22 49 30 N 39 4 30 E . The Arab geographers mention the thick trees that surround it and the Mosque of the Prophet lying between it and the spring. It was situated on the Incense Route between Syria and Yemen where travelers could replenish their resources of water in the most arid part of Arabia between Mecca and Medina. It is historically famous for an event, in which Muhammad said, what is known as the Hadith of the pond of Khumm , equally accepted by both Sunni and Shia Muslims. Muhammad is reported to have pronounced Ali ibn Abi Talib the mawla patron, master of those for whom Muhammad was patron. ref http www.oxfordislamicstudies.com article opr t125 e706? hi 6& pos 2 ref Shia Muslims celebrate this announcement each year as Eid al Ghadeer. See also Succession to Muhammad Hadith of the pond of Khumm Eid al Ghadeer Referenc ... more details
The Sarawat Mountains or the Sarat lang ar is a mountain range running parallel to the western coast of the Arabian Peninsula and is among the Peninsula s most prominent geographical features. The Sarawat start from the border of Jordan in the north to the Gulf of Aden in the south, running through Saudi Arabia and Yemen . The range s northern half, known as Sarat al Hejaz rarely rises about 2,100 meters, while the middle and southern portions Sarat Asir and Sarat al Yemen , respectively can reach heights of over 3,300 meters. File The Ridges of Sarawat Mountains.jpg thumb Sarawt Mountains seen from Habala Valley This mountain range is the largest in the Arabian Peninsula. These mountains are mainly rocky and some can contain vegetation, unlike the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Many of the peaks are fairly young and jagged, but some are smoother from weathering. The northern part, running from about north of Ta if through western Saudi Arabia until the southern tip of Saudi Arabia. Some argue that the mountains of Lebanon and Western Syria are a continuation of the chain. It is mostly a slightly higher elevated area that the rest of Saudi Arabia, with the exception of Asir , and obscure landforms can be found in this chain. Elevations average around 1200 2000 meters, although the highest points are around 2400 meters above sea level. After Medina , the mountain chain seems to disintegrate until the reappear around Ta if . Farther south, below Ta if, there is Asir Province in Saudi Arabia, where rugged mountains can reach near 3,000 meters, with Jabal Sawda claimed to be the highest at 2,982 meters above sea level. Yet even this part of the Sarawat Mountains is just like a large cliff that climbs out from the Tihamah coastal plain. This is supported by the fact that south of Ta if, the Hejaz which means barrier is almost entirely around 2,000 2,600 meters above sea level. Nearing the Yemeni border, the Sarawat begin to spread into individual peaks, and the ... more details
Al Mu ayyad Muhammad 1582 September 1644 was an Imam of Yemen 1620 1644 who belonged to the Qasimid family , descendants of the Prophet Muhammad . He managed to expel the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Turks entirely from the Yemenite lands, thus confirming an independent Zaidiyyah Zaidi state. Succeeding to the imamate Muhammad was the son of Imam al Mansur al Qasim who restored the Zaidi imamate and began the cumbersome process of conquering back Yemen from the Ottoman occupiers. When he took the reins of government from his father in 1620, much of the highland was in Zaidi hands, and there was an uneasy truce with the Turks. In 1622 the population in and around Sa dah in the north refused to pay taxes to the imam. Muhammad then sent his brother Saif al Islam al Hasan who put down the revolt. Al Hasan, however, found means to win the confidence of the locals through reforms, and was appointed governor on behalf of the imam. Through this act of delegation of power to a relative, the power of the Qasimid family was confirmed in the north. ref R.W. Stookey, Yemen The Politics of the Yemen Arab Republic . Boulder 1978, p. 145. ref In 1626, however, Muhammad decided to break with them. The tribes of northern Yemen responded enthusiastically to his call, and the rising scored victories against the Turks. Most of the lowland area of Tihamah fell to the imam s forces, and San a was besieged. The Ottoman difficulties were aggravated by the attacks of Shah Abbas the Great on Turkish positions in Iraq . Expulsion of the Ottomans In 1629 Imam al Mu ayyad Muhammad proposed a truce with the Ottomans, as he saw the need to rest his own forces. The governor Haydar Pasha agreed, and on 9 March 1629 he handed over the keys to San a to the imam s son Ali. The Turks withdrew to the coast under the imam s protection, and another son, Yahya, was made governor amil of San a. Another major city, Ta izz , fell in the same year. In 1635 the Turks took to the offensive with an augmented force, but ... more details
Al Mutawakkil Muhammad died 11 December 1849 was an Imam of Yemen who reigned in 1845 1849. He belonged to the Qasimid family, descended from the Prophet Muhammad , which dominated the Zaidiyyah Zaidi imamate of Yemen from 1597 to 1962. Struggle against Abu Arish Muhammad bin Yahya was a grandson of Imam al Mansur Ali I . In 1845 he claimed the imamate from the weak incumbent al Mansur Ali II . In this he was supported by Sharif Husayn of Abu Arish, who acted as autonomous lord in the Yemeni lowlands Tihamah under formal Ottoman Empire Ottoman suzerainty. With a strong force he appeared outside the capital San a . The inhabitants endorsed his claim, opened the gates of the city and deposed al Mansur Ali II. The usurper took the name al Mutawakkil Muhammad. ref R.L. Playfair, A History of Arabia Felix or Yemen . Bombay 1859, p. 152. ref The friendship between the new imam and Sharif Husayn was short lived. Al Mutawakkil Muhammad was probably enjoined by the Sharif of Mecca , Muhammad bin Awn, to attack Abu Arish. The imam, on the other side, aimed to win back Zaidi power in the Yemeni lowland. In 1847 1848, the imam s forces defeated Sharif Husayn and took him prisoner. Important cities like Zabid , Bayt al Faqih and Mocha, Yemen Mocha were captured by al Mutawakkil Muhammad s forces. Sharif Husayn was kept in the mountain fort al Qutay. However, the valuable prisoner was liberated through a coup, and took up arms against the imam again. Yam tribesmen from Najran and Jabal Haraz Haraz chose to support Sharif Husayn and defeated the Zaidi forces. Mocha was recaptured by the Sharif through treachery of the garrison. Al Mutawakkil Muhammad s position was now precarious, but he resumed the offensive in late 1848 and early 1849, capturing Ta izz and Yarim . ref Caesar E, Farah, The Sultan s Yemen 19th Century Ottomane Rule . London 2002, pp. 47 54 R.B. Serjeant & R. Lewcock, San a An Arabian Islamic City . London 1983, p. 89. ref Ottoman intervention By now, however, the ... more details
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