lowercase two other uses the Unix command Unix s means of representing points in timeUnixtime the Unix function call time.h code time code is a command in the Unix operating systems. It is used to determine ... code system call is used instead. See also List of Unix programs System timeUnixtime Cron process ... man 1 time Linux time a simple command or give resource usage GNU unix commands unix stub Category ... TimeUnix de TimeUnix fa Time it TimeUnix la Time programma hu TimeUnix ja TimeUNIX pl TimeUnix pt TimeUnix ro TimeUnix ru TimeUnix tr Timeunix ..., simply precede any command by the word code time code , such as source lang bash time ls source When the command completes, code time code will report how long it took to execute the code ls code command in terms of user CPU time , system CPU time, and real time. The output format varies between ... bash time host wikipedia.org wikipedia.org has address 207.142.131.235 0.000u 0.000s 0 00.17 0.0 0 0k 0 0io 0pf 0w source time 1 can exist as a standalone program such as GNU time or as a Unix shell shell builtin e.g. in tcsh or in zsh . User Time vs System Time The term user CPU time can be a bit misleading at first. To be clear, the total CPU time is the combination of the amount of time the CPU s spend performing some action for a program and the amount of time the CPU s spend performing ... an array, it is accumulating user CPU time. Conversely, when a program executes a system call such as code exec code or code fork code , it is accumulating system CPU time. Real Time vs CPU Time The term real time in this context refers to elapsed wall clock time, like using a stop watch. The total CPU time user time sys time may be more or less than that value. Because a program may spend some time waiting and not executing at all whether in user mode or system mode the real time may be greater than the total CPU time. Because a program may fork children whose CPU times both user and sys ... more details
Image 1000000000seconds.jpg right thumb 220px Unixtime passed 1,000,000,000 seconds in 2001 09 09T01 ... 46 40 local time . Unixtime , or POSIX time , is a system for describing instants in time , defined ... , although otherwise the times it represents are UTC. Unixtime may be checked on some Unix systems ... auto Example time U ISO 8601 time Y m d H i s Z br small Above, the Unixtime when this page was last generated small Definition Two layers of encoding make up Unixtime. These can usefully be separated ... as a sequence of bits or in another form. Encoding time as a number Unixtime is a single ... year, month, day of month, hour and minute required for intelligibility to humans. Modern Unixtime ... at a rate of roughly one second per year. The Unix Epoch reference date epoch is the time 00 00 ... 01T00 00 00Z. The Unixtime number is zero at the Unix epoch, and increases by exactly 86 400 per ... by the Unixtime number 12 677 86 400 1 095 292 800. This can be extended backwards ... the epoch, is represented by the Unixtime number 4 472 86 400 386 380 800. Within each day, the Unixtime number is as calculated in the preceding paragraph at midnight UTC 00 00 ... 543.54 s since midnight on the day in the example above, is represented by the Unixtime number ... means that on a normal UTC day, of duration 86 400 s, the Unixtime number changes in a continuous ... above, the time representations progress like this class wikitable style text align left Unixtime across midnight on a normal UTC day TAI UTC Unixtime 2004 09 17T00 00 30.75 2004 09 16T23 ... time number. The Unixtime number increases by exactly 86 400 each day, regardless of how long the day is. When a leap second is deleted which has never occurred As of 2010 lc on , the Unixtime ... is inserted which has occurred on average once every year and a half , the Unixtime number increases ... of 1998 class wikitable id leapsecondinserted style text align left Unixtime across midnight ... more details
lowercase In Unix like computer operating system s, the code at code command is used to schedule command computing command s to be executed once, at a particular system timetime in the future. More precisely, it reads a series of commands from standard input and collects them into one at job which is carried out at a later date. The at job inherits the current environment, so that it is executed in the same working directory and with the same environment variable s set as when it was scheduled. It differs from code cron code which is used for recurring executions e.g. once an hour, every Tuesday, January 1 every year . As with code cron code , many Unix systems allow the administrator to restrict access to the code at code command. code at code can be made to mail a user when done carrying out a scheduled job of theirs, can use more than one job queue, and can read a list of jobs to carry out from a file instead of standard input. A sample command to compile a C programming language C program at 11 45 a. m. on January 31st and e mail the results Standard streams STDOUT and STDERR to your user ID would be source lang bash echo cc o foo foo.c at 1145 at 1145 jan 31 at cc o foo foo.c at D press Control D while at the beginning of a line atq 1234 2011 08 12 11 45 cc o foo foo.c user atrm 1234 atq source In some Unix like computer operating system s it uses a Daemon computer software ... and executing those at their scheduled time on behalf of code at code . Using the code batch code ... s replacement for at. List of Unix programs External links man cu at SUS execute commands at a later time man 1 at queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution unix commands unix stub Category Standard Unix programs At Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ca At Unix cs At Unix de At Unix el At Unix es At Unix fr At Unix it At Unix hu At Unix ja At UNIX pl At Unix pt At Unix ro At Unix ru At uk At ... more details
, ref name DRM cite web first Dennis M. last Ritchie title The Evolution of the UnixTime sharing ... to some financial support from Bell. For the first time in 1970, the Unix operating system was officially ... DARPA ARPA documented the benefits of the Unixtime sharing system which presents several interesting ... control Unix job control modelled on Incompatible Time Sharing ITS . Perhaps the most important aspect ... movement . Over time, the leading developers of Unix and programs that ran on it established a set ... time values as the number of seconds from midnight January 1, 1970 the Unix Epoch in variables of type code time t time t code , historically defined as signed long . On January 19, 2038 on 32 bit Unix ... in Unixtime , one possible solution that is compatible with existing binary formats would ... source at the time, transferred the trademark s of Unix to the X Open Company now The Open Group , ref ... Thompson, K., The UNIXTime Sharing System The Bell System Technical Journal , http bstj.bell labs.com ...Infobox OS name Unix logo screenshot Image Unix history simple.svg 250px caption Evolution of Unix and Unix ... model Historically Closed source software closed source , now some Unix projects Berkeley Software ... Command line interface & Graphical user interface Graphical X Window System family Unix released 1969 license Proprietary software Proprietary working state Active Unix officially trademarked as UNIX , sometimes also written as span style font variant small caps Unix span is a Computer multitasking ... Ken Thompson , Dennis Ritchie , Brian Kernighan , Douglas McIlroy , and Joe Ossanna . The Unix operating ... porting to other hardware. Today s Unix system evolution is split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors, universities such as University of California ..., owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified to use the trademark others might be called Unix system like or Unix ... more details
notability date September 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 infobox software name As latest release version latest release date platform website as is a generic name for an assembly language Assembler assembler on Unix . The GNU Project s assembler is named GNU assembler Gas . Category Assemblers Category Unix programming tools Unix stub fr As Unix ru As ... more details
Labs such as PWB UNIX and Multi Environment Real Time MERT whose code base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little used until Version 8 Unix , but has been retcon retroactively ... called simply UNIX in caps or the UNIXTime Sharing System. Because both the early versions and the last ... Unix versions are often referred to by the edition of the Unix manual manual that describes them. So, the first Research Unix would be the First Edition, and the last the Tenth Edition. Another common way of referring to them is Version x or V x Unix, where x is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix excepting implementations from scratch like Coherent operating system Coherent , Minix , and Linux , usually referred to as Unix like derive from the 7th Edition. Versions class wikitable Manual Edition Release date Description 1st Edition Nov. 3, 1971 First edition of the Unix manual, based on the version that ran on the PDP 11 at the time. Unix was actually 2 years old at the time and had ... cs who dmr hist.html The Evolution of the UnixTime sharing System by Dennis M. Ritchie http www.usenix.org ...Inappropriate tone date December 2007 Bell Unix Research Unix is a term used to refer to versions of the Unix ... to as Department 1127 . History The term Research Unix first appeared in the Bell System Technical ... at the time was 10, according to the preface of the manual. 3rd Edition Feb. 1973 Introduced the C programming language C programming language and Unix pipe pipes total number of installations was 16. 4th Edition Nov. 1973 First Unix written in C programming language C . It also introduced Group identifier Unix groups . Number of installations was listed as above 20 . The manual was formatted with troff for the first time. 5th Edition Jun. 1974 Introduced the sticky bit installations above 50 . Version 6 Unix 6th Edition May 1975 First Unix to see widespread distribution outside ... UNIX, a cut down v6 for the low end PDP 11 10. Version 7 Unix 7th Edition Jan. 1979 The ancestor of all ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 lowercase timex is a Unix utility tool, most commonly used in the measurement of duration of shell processes. It is also used to measure process data and system activity. The tool appears in IBM s AIX operating system AIX version of Unix and the Solaris Operating System from Sun Microsystems. See also List of Unix programs External links http www.llnl.gov computing tutorials performance tools man timex.txt Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory s copy of the AIX timex man page. http docs.sun.com app docs doc 816 5165 timex 1?l en&a view&q timex timex time a command report process data and system activity Solaris Operating System Solaris Manual page Unix man page unix commands Category Unix process and task management related software unix stub pl Timex Unix ... more details
compared to other Unix workstations at the time, such as the NeXTstation 5,000 for a base system ... www.digibarn.com collections systems sgi indy index.html Unlike typical commercial Unix distributions of the time, Amiga Unix included the source code to the vendor specific enhancements and platform ...Original research date August 2008 Infobox OS name Amiga UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. family UNIXUnix System V System V R4 source model primarily closed source latest release version 2.01 latest release date 1992 kernel type Monolithic kernel Monolithic license Proprietary software Proprietary website working state Historic supported platforms Motorola 68030 Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. , in 1990, did a full port of AT&T Unix System V Unix System V Release 4 for the Amiga computer family in addition to the proprietary AmigaOS ... 3000UX , Commodore s Unix was one of the first ports of SVR4 to the 68k architecture. The Amiga ... Unix contained no compatibility layer to allow AmigaOS applications to run under Unix. With few ... to find a niche in the quite competitive Unix workstation market of the early 1990s. The A3000UX ... license terms as the binary part of the system it was open source but not free software . Amiga Unix ... Window System , and included their source code. Like many other Unix variants with small market shares, Amiga Unix vanished into the mists of computer history when its vendor, Commodore, went out of business. Today, Unix like operating systems such as Minix , NetBSD , and Linux are available for the Amiga platform, but the commercial and AT&T licensed Amiga Unix has not been revived. External links ... The Very Unofficial Commodore Amiga Unix AMIX Wiki Unix like AmigaOS Amiga hardware Category Amiga Category UNIX System V Category Discontinued operating systems unix stub de AMIX es Amiga Unix it Amiga Unix pl Amiga Unix ru Amiga UNIX ... more details
Unix International or UI was an association created in 1988 to promote open standards, especially the Unix operating system . Its most notable members were AT&T and Sun Microsystems , and in fact the commonly accepted reason for its existence was as a counterbalance to the Open Software Foundation OSF , itself created in response to AT&T s and Sun s Unix partnership of that time. UI and OSF thus represented the two sides of the Unix Wars in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In May 1993, the major members of both UI and OSF announced the Common Open Software Environment COSE initiative. This was followed by the merging of UI and OSF into a new OSF in March 1994, which in turn merged with X Open in 1996, forming The Open Group . References http www.groklaw.net article.php?story 20050601125916588 Chapter 11. OSF and UNIX International Peter H. Salus , The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin http groups.google.com group comp.unix.osf.misc msg 4ebc895ff10823f1 UI OSF merger announcements org stub Category Standards organizations Category Unix history cs Unix International es Unix International ko ja UNIX International pt Unix International ru Unix International ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Image Unix history.svg thumb 450px Unix genealogy tree The Unix wars were the struggles between vendor s of the Unix computer operating system in the late 1980s and early 1990s to set the standard for Unix thenceforth. Origins In the mid 1980s, the two common versions of Unix were BSD , from the University of California, Berkeley , and UNIX System V System V , from AT&T . Both were derived from the earlier Version 7 Unix , but had diverged considerably. Further, each vendor s version of Unix was different to some degree. A group of vendors formed the X Open open standard ... s. They chose to base their system on Unix. X Open caught AT&T s attention. To increase the uniformity of Unix, AT&T and leading BSD Unix vendor Sun Microsystems started work in 1987 on a unified system ... Laboratory s System V environment for BSD Unix. This was eventually released as System V Release 4 SVR4 . While this decision was applauded by customers and the trade press, certain other Unix licensees .... The same year, AT&T and another group of licensees responded by forming UNIX International . Technical ... versions of Unix, with X Open holding the middle ground. The move towards open source code In March ..., effectively marking the end of the most significant era of the Unix wars. In June, AT&T sold its UNIX assets to Novell , and in October Novell transferred the Unix brand to X Open. In 1996, X Open and the new OSF merged to form the Open Group . COSE work such as the Single UNIX Specification , the current standard for branded Unix, is now the responsibility of the Open Group. However, the damage to Unix s market reputation had been done. Since then, occasional bursts of Unix factionalism have broken ... Caldera . The Berkeley Software Distribution emerged as an independent Unix like operating system, with the purging of code copyrighted by AT&T, in the period 1989 1994. During this time various open ... based on this combination. Linux derivatives are not compatible enough to qualify for the Unix ... more details
Infobox OS name Interactive Unix developer Interactive Systems Corporation family Unix source model Closed source latest release version 4.1.1 kernel type Monolithic kernel working state End of life product End of life website http www.sun.com software ius Interactive UNIX Systems Dead link date December 2011 Image Interactive unix w looking glass.png thumb 200px right INTERACTIVE UNIX with Looking Glass interface under Qemu Interactive Unix System V 386 is a porting port of the UNIX System V operating system for Intel x86 processors. Image Iusdisk.jpg 200px thumb right Interactive Unix 5 inch floppy disk s The system was first released by Interactive Systems Corporation ISC as 386 ix in 1985. At that time it was based on System V.3.0. Later versions were based on System V.3.2. Sun Microsystems acquired ISC in 1992 from its parent Eastman Kodak the last version was System V 386 Release 3.2 Version 4.1.1 released in July 1998. Official support ended in July 2006, five years after Sun withdrew the product from sale. Until version ISA 3.0.1, Interactive Unix supported only 16 megabyte MB of random access memory RAM . In the next versions, it supported 256MB RAM and Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI bus. EISA versions always support 256MB RAM. External links http www.tenox.tc docs Interactive Unix Documentation Unix like Category UNIX System V Category Discontinued operating systems de Interactive Unix pt Interactive Unix ru Interactive Unix ... more details
Project LINFO http www.levenez.com unixUNIX history a history time line graph of most UNIX and Unix ...Image Unix history simple.svg thumb Diagram of the relationships between the major Unix like systems A Unix like sometimes referred to as UN X or nix operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification . There is no Technical standard standard for defining the term, and some difference of opinion is possible as to the degree to which a given OS is Unix like . The term can include free and open source software free and open source operating systems inspired by Bell Labs Unix ... on the software license licensed UNIX source code which may be sufficiently Unix like to pass certification and bear the UNIX trademark . Definition The Open Group owns the UNIX trademark and administers the Single UNIX Specification, with the UNIX name being used as a certification mark . They do not approve of the construction Unix like , and consider it a misuse of their trademark. Their guidelines require UNIX to be presented in uppercase or otherwise distinguished from the surrounding ... The Open Group. ref Other parties frequently treat Unix as a genericized trademark . Some add ... S. Raymond coauthors Guy L. Steele Jr. work The Jargon File ref or nix , since Unix like systems often have Unix like names such as AIX operating system AIX , HP UX , IRIX , Linux , Minix , Ultrix ... to refer to any UNIX descendant or work alike system, even those with completely dissimilar names ... of UNIX as a trademark, but lost his case, and lost again on appeal. Also in 2007, the Open ... Nummer 3, 17 April 2007 ref History Ref improve section date April 2010 Unix like systems ... to academic users of UNIX. When AT&T later allowed commercial licensing of UNIX in the 1980s, a variety ... POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification . Meanwhile, the GNU Project was launched in 1983 with the goal ... more details
Bell Unix The Programmer s Workbench PWB UNIX was an early version of the Unix operating system created in the Bell Labs Computer Science Research Group of AT&T . Prior to 1976 Unix development at AT&T was a project of a small group of researchers in Department 1127 of Bell Labs . As the usefulness of Unix grew, the company decided to develop a version of Unix tailored to support programmer s in production work, not just research. The Programmer s Workbench was started in 1973, ref name Mashey John R. Mashey 2004 . http queue.acm.org detail.cfm?id 1039532 Languages, Levels, Libraries, and Longevity . ACM Queue 2 9 . ref by Evan Ivie and Rudd Canaday to support a computer center for a 1000 employee Bell Labs division, which would be the largest Unix site for several years. PWB UNIX was to provide tools for teams of programmers to manage their source code and collaborate on projects with other team members. While the PWB group managed their source code on Unix systems, programs were often written to run on other legacy operating systems. For this reason, PWB included software for Batch processing submitting jobs to IBM System 370 , UNIVAC 1100 series, and Scientific Data Systems XDS SDS Sigma 5 Sigma 5 computers. In 1978 PWB supported a user community of about 1100 users in the Business Information Systems Programs BISP group of Bell Labs. Two major releases of Programmer s Workbench were produced. PWB UNIX 1.0, released July 1, 1977 was based on Version 6 Unix PWB 2.0 was based on Version 7 Unix . Most of PWB UNIX was later incorporated in the commercial UNIX System III and UNIX System V releases. Features Notable firsts in PWB include The Source Code Control System , the first ... outside of Bell Labs for the first time in the PWB distribution References reflist External ... labs.com cm cs who dmr unixad.html Unix ad mentioning PWB , from a 1981 issue of Datamation on Dennis ... the Ancient UNIX Archive Unix like Category Unix fr PWB UNIX ja PWB UNIX ... more details
lowercase In most Unix like operating systems , the code ps code program short for p rocess s tatus displays the currently running process computing processes . A related Unix utility named Top Unix top provides a real time view of the running processes. The code ps code command is analogous to the Microsoft Windows code tasklist code command. In Windows PowerShell , code ps code is a predefined Alias command command alias for the code Get Process code cmdlet which basically serves the same purpose. Examples For example source lang bash ps PID TTY TIME CMD 7431 pts 0 00 00 00 su 7434 pts 0 00 00 00 bash 18585 pts 0 00 00 00 ps source Users can also utilize the tt ps tt command in conjunction with the code grep code see the tt pgrep tt and tt pkill tt commands command to find information about one process, such as its process id source lang bash Trying to find the PID of firefox bin which is 2701 ps A grep firefox bin 2701 ? 22 16 04 firefox bin source and the easier version with tt pgrep tt source lang bash pgrep l firefox bin 2701 firefox bin source To see every process running as root ... STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 10348 640 ? Ss 2009 0 06 init 5 source Options ps has many options. On operating system s that support the Single UNIX Specification SUS and POSIX standards, ps ... kill code List of Unix programs code nmon code &mdash a system monitor tool for the AIX and Linux operating systems. code pgrep code code pstree Unix pstree code code top Unix top code External ... Unix Specification http www.cyberciti.biz faq show all running processes in linux Show all running processes in Linux using ps command man 1 ps report a snapshot of the current processes unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software bg Ps Unix ca Ps UNIX cs Ps Unix de Ps Unix el Ps Unix es Ps Unix fa Ps fr Ps Unix ko Ps it Ps Unix ka Ps hu Ps Unix nl Ps Unix ja Ps UNIX pl Ps Unix pt Ps Unix ro Ps Unix ru Ps uk Ps ... more details
runlevel of the init Unix init process. tt s tt , default show only name, terminal, and time details ...lowercase title who Unix The standard Unix command tt who tt displays a list of users who are currently logged into a computer. The tt who tt command is related to the command tt W Unix w tt , which provides the same information but also displays additional data and statistics. Specification The Single Unix Specification SUS specifies that tt who tt should list information about accessible users. The X Open System Interfaces Extension XSI extension also specifies that the data of the username, terminal, login time, process ID, and time since last activity occurred on the terminal, furthermore, an alternate system database used for user information can be specified as an optional argument to tt who tt . The command can be invoked with the arguments tt am i tt or tt am I tt so it is invoked as tt who am i tt or tt who am I tt , showing information about the current terminal only see the command tt tty Unix tty tt and the tt m tt option below, of which this invocation is equivalent . Usage ... information with the b, d, l, p, r, t, T and u. tt b tt , show time when system was last rebooted ... format see note in Examples section tt u tt , show idle time XSI shows users logged in and displays information whether the terminal has been used recently or not Other Unix and Unix like operating ... differs considerably among Unix implementations. See also List of Unix programs External links http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 009695399 utilities who.html who specification from the Single Unix Specification ... from GNU coreutils http www.openbsd.org cgi bin man.cgi?query who who manual page from OpenBSD unix commands Category Unix user management and support related utilities Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Who Unix de Who Unix el Who Unix es Who Unix fr Who Unix ko Who hu Who Unix ja Who UNIX pl Who Unix ro Who Unix ru Who wuu WHO ... more details
The Unix philosophy is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to developing computer software software based on the experience of leading developers of the Unix operating system . McIlroy A Quarter Century of Unix Douglas McIlroy Doug McIlroy , the inventor of Pipeline UnixUnix pipes and one of the founders of the Unix tradition, summarized the philosophy as follows ref http www.faqs.org docs artu ch01s06.html Basics of the Unix Philosophy ref quote This is the Unix philosophy Write ... book The Art of Unix Programming , ref cite book title The Art of Unix Programming first Eric ... url http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html accessdate 2009 02 09 ref summarizes the Unix philosophy as the widely used KISS Principle of Keep it Simple, Stupid. ref cite book title The Art of Unix ... Addison Wesley url http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html chapter The Unix Philosophy in One ... of Unix Programming first Eric last Raymond authorlink Eric S. Raymond date 19 September 2003 isbn ... of the Unix Philosophy chapterurl http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html ch01s06.html id2878263 ... When you must fail, fail noisily and as soon as possible. Rule of Economy Programmer time is expensive conserve it in preference to machine time. Rule of Generative programming Generation Avoid ... sooner than you think. Mike Gancarz The UNIX Philosophy In 1994 Mike Gancarz a member of the team that designed the X Window System , drew on his own experience with Unix, as well as discussions with fellow programmers and people in other fields who depended on Unix, to produce The UNIX Philosophy .... Avoid captive user interfaces. Make every program a Filter Unix filter . Worse is better Main Worse is better Richard P. Gabriel suggests that a key advantage of Unix was that it embodied a design ... he questions the quality of some results. For example, in the early days Unix was a monolithic ..., then what should be done? Should the signal be delayed, possibly for a long time maybe indefinitely ... more details
lowercase The tt lp tt command is used on many Unix like systems to assign jobs to printer queues. The name derives from lineprinter l ine p rinter , though it has become the commonly used command for any sort of printer. The command originally appeared as part of the System V printing system , and for some time served as a shibboleth to distinguish between SysV and Berkeley Software Distribution BSD systems. tt lp tt is the standard name for the UNIX System V System V printing system printer command. The Common Unix Printing System , used on Linux and Mac OS X among other systems, uses tt lp tt as the primary program for job assignment. The LPRng project provides tt lp tt as a simple wrapper to the tt lpr tt command. Plan 9 from Bell Labs uses a command called tt lp tt for printing, though its functionality is somewhat different and simplified from the System V version. It is actually written as an rc shell script. See also lpr print command External links The http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 lp.1.php lp program s manpage as implemented on CUPS systems unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities fr Lp Unix hu Lp Unix pl Lp Unix ru Lp ... more details
lowercase Infobox Software name most logo screenshot caption developer John E. Davis latest release version 5.0.0a latest release date 9 September 2007 operating system Cross platform genre system utility license GNU General Public License GPL website http www.jedsoft.org most http www.jedsoft.org most code most code is a terminal pager Computer program program on Unix , OpenVMS , Microsoft Windows Windows and Unix like systems used to view but not change the contents of a text file one screen at a time. Programs of this sort are called Terminal pager pagers ref http foldoc.org ?pager foldoc.org ?pager ref . It is similar to code more command more code , but has the extended capability of allowing both forward and backward navigation through the file. Unlike most Unix pagers, code most code can scroll left and right and supports multiple windows ref http www.jedsoft.org most index.html ref . See also pg Unix more Unix less Unix References reflist External links http www.jedsoft.org most index.html The MOST pager Home Page http linux.die.net man 1 most manpage for most unix commands Category Terminal pagers Category Article Feedback 5 unix stub ... more details
Infobox OS name Tru64 UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , Hewlett ... DEC Alpha ui Command line interface family Unix released release date and age 1992 1 latest release ... Proprietary website http h30097.www3.hp.com Tru64 UNIX Software Tru64 UNIX is a 64 bit UNIX operating ... HP . Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq , and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , where it was known as Digital UNIX formerly DEC OSF 1 AXP . As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF 1 operating system. DEC s previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD . It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University . Other UNIX implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are NeXTSTEP , MkLinux , and Mac OS X . Tru64 UNIX requires the System Reference ... UNIX key chain. The other side says, CALIFORNIA Y W8 4 HP The Migration State In 1988, during the so called Unix wars , DEC joined with IBM , Hewlett Packard , and others to form the Open Software Foundation OSF to develop a version of Unix. Dubbed OSF 1, the aim was to compete with UNIX System ... H. title A Quarter Century of UNIX publisher Addison Wesley Pub. Co location Reading, Mass year ... also strongly promoted OSF 1 for real time computing real time applications Citation needed date April 2008 , and with traditional UNIX implementations at the time providing poor real time support at best, the real time and Thread computer science multi threading support was heavily dependent on the Mach ... Unix compatibility. OSF 1 was envisaged to be the third major branch of the Unix family tree ... operating system and the native UNIX implementation for the Alpha architecture. From OSF 1 AXP V2.0 onwards, UNIX System V compatibility was also integrated into the system. Other vendors HP also released ... version of Unix accessdate 2008 03 28 date 1992 04 01 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060224133234 ... more details
Image 1000000000seconds.jpg right thumb 220px 1000000000 seconds parties were held around the world on the day in question. The Unix billennium is the point in time represented by a Unix time value of 10 sup 9 sup 01 46 40 UTC on September 9, 2001. Some programs which stored timestamps using a text representation encountered sorting errors, as in a text sort times after the turnover, starting with a 1 digit, erroneously sorted before earlier times starting with a 9 digit. Affected programs included the popular usenet reader KNode and e mail client KMail , part of the KDE desktop environment. Such bugs were generally cosmetic in nature and quickly fixed once problems became apparent. The problem also affected many Filtrix document format filters provided with Linux versions of WordPerfect a patch http linuxmafia.com wpfaq problems.html FITRIX was created by the user community that link looks like a typo, but FITRIX is correct copy and pasted to solve this problem, since Corel no longer sold or supported that version of the program. The Unix Billennium is sometimes described as 10 sup 9 sup seconds after the Unix epoch . This is not quite correct, because Unix time is not a purely linear count of seconds 10 sup 9 sup non leap seconds after the Unix epoch would be a more accurate description. The name is a portmanteau of Billion word billion and millennium . External links http www.electromagnetic.net press releases unixonebln.php UNIX Approaches its One Billion Second Milestone http catless.ncl.ac.uk Risks 21.69.html subj7 Billion seconds bug report on Risks Digest DEFAULTSORT Unix Billennium Category Unix Category 2001 in computer science Category Time formatting and storage bugs fr Gigaseconde Unix ko 10 ja 2001 9 9 ... more details
refimprove date December 2011 lowercase wikibooks Guide to Unix Commands File System Utilities cp cp is a UnixUNIX command computing command for copying computer file files and directories. The command has three principal modes of operation, expressed by the types of arguments presented to the program for copying a file to another file, one or more files to a directory, or for copying entire directories to another directory. The utility further accepts various command line option flags to detail the operations performed. The two major specifications are POSIX cp and GNU cp . GNU cp has many additional ... target The time of the last data modification and the time of the last access , the ownership ... the modification date, time, and access control list associated with the source file cp ... date and time stamp, the system gives the smith.jr file the same date and time as the smith ... in those subdirectories, to the directory customers clients . Some Unix systems behave differently ... file retaining the permissions it had originally. Related Unix commands cpio &ndash copy an entire directory structure from one place to another tar Unix tar &ndash create an archive of files link Unix link &ndash system call to create a link to a file or directory ln Unix ln &ndash create a link to a file or directory mv &ndash move a file or directory Rm Unix rm &ndash remove a file or directory unlink Unix unlink &ndash system call to remove a file or directory chmod &ndash change the mode ... change group on a file or directory uUCP uucp &ndash unix to unix copy Secure copy scp &ndash secure copy over SSH See also GNU Core Utilities List of Unix utilities List of Unix programs References Reflist Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category File copy utility ar Cp cs Cp Unix de Cp Unix es Cp Unix eu Cp fa Cp fr Cp Unix ko Cp it Cp Unix nl Cp Unix ja Cp UNIX pl Cp Unix pt Cp Unix ro Cp Unix ru Cp uk Cp zh Cp Unix ... more details
Refimprove date July 2008 A Unix architecture is a computer operating system system architecture that embodies the Unix philosophy . It may adhere to standards such as the Single UNIX Specification SUS ... standard describes all Unix architecture computer operating systems this is in part a legacy of the Unix wars . Description There are many systems which are Unix like in their architecture. Notable among these are the Linux GNU Linux distributions. The distinctions between Unix and Unix like systems ... of the UNIX brand, The Open Group , object to Unix like and similar terms. For distinctions between SUS branded UNIX architectures and other similar architectures, see Unix like . Kernel A Unix kernel ... Concurrency computer science Concurrency As Unix is a multiprocessing OS, many processes run concurrently ... of the Unix architecture concept are Unix systems use a centralized operating system Kernel ... into separate, kernel managed processes. Unix systems are preemptively multitasking multiple processes can run at the same time, or within small time slices and nearly at the same time, and any ... signalfd v2 signalfd core url http yarchive.net comp linux everything is file.html ref The UNIX operating ... library bb496993.aspx Functional Comparison of UNIX and Windows ref Multitasking and multiuser. Kernel ... unconventional to new users. This is mainly rooted in the fact that UNIX grew continually. ref cite web last Ritchie first Dennis M. title The Evolution of the UnixTime sharing System url http cm.bell labs.com cm cs who dmr hist.html ref The UNIX HATERS Handbook covers some of these design failures ..., while others were resolved. Raymond concludes that not all concepts behind Unix can be deemed as non functional even though the book s intention may have been to portray Unix as inferior without encouraging ... S. title The Unix Hater s Handbook, Reconsidered url http esr.ibiblio.org ?p 538 ref See also Architecture of Windows NT References reflist Category UnixUnix stub ... more details
lowercase In computing , tt apropos tt is a command to search the man page files in Unix and Unix like operating systems. Behavior Often a wrapper for the man k command, the apropos command is used to search all manual pages for the string specified. This is often useful if one knows the action that is desired, but does not remember the exact command. Sample usage The following example demonstrates the output of the tt apropos tt command apropos mount free 1 Display amount of free and used memory in the system mklost found 8 create a lost found directory on a mounted Linux second extended file system mount 8 mount a file system mountpoint 1 see if a directory is a mountpoint ntfsmount 8 Read Write userspace NTFS driver. sleep 1 delay for a specified amount of time switch root 8 switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree. umount 8 unmount file systems In this example, tt apropos tt is used to search for the string mount , and tt apropos tt returns the indicated man pages that include the term mount . See also Man page External links man 1 apropos http wiki.linuxquestions.org wiki apropos tt Apropos tt at the LinuxQuestions.org wiki Unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Category Standard Unix programs fr Apropos ka Apropos hu Apropos Unix ... more details
archive.html The ntouch dtouch page See also System time List of Unix programs External links ...lowercase title touch Unix touch is a standard Unix computer program program used to change a computer file file s access and modification system time timestamps . It is also used to create a new empty file. History A touch utility appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. The version of tt touch tt bundled in GNU ... David MacKenzie Specification The Single Unix Specification SUS specifies that tt touch tt should ..., tt touch tt uses the current time. Usage The SUS mandates the following options tt a tt , change the access time only tt c tt , if the file does not exist, do not create it and do not report this condition tt m tt , change the modification time only tt r file tt , use the access and modification times of tt file tt tt t time tt , use the time specified in the format below to update the access and modification times The time is specified in the format cc yy MMDDhhmm .ss where MM specifies .... Note that if invoked without these options, the standard specifies that the current date and time ... Unix and Unix like operating systems may add extra options. For example, GNU tt touch tt adds a tt d tt option, which enables time input in formats other than that specified. Note that the dates of creation ... the timestamp of the file to the computer s current date and time, whatever that happens to be. Or, if myfile.txt ... s how to change the date and time of a file. source lang bash touch t 200701310846.26 index.html touch ... they will change the date and time of index.html to January 31, 2007 at 8 46 26am. As stated ... touch source Other operating systems Programs that perform similar operations as the Unix code touch ... Unix Specification http www.bellevuelinux.org touch.html examples showing how to use touch Dead link ... page from OpenBSD unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Touch Unix de Touch Unix es Touch Unix fa Touch fr Touch Unix ko Touch it Touch Unix ka ... more details
refimprove date December 2011 No footnotes date February 2008 lowercase title cat Unix The cat program is a standard Unix utility that Concatenation concatenates and lists files. The name is an abbreviation of wikt catenate catenate , a synonym of concatenate. Specification The Single Unix Specification ... tt Unix culture Jargon File definition The Jargon File version 4.4.7 lists this as the definition ... of browsing it carefully. Usage considered silly. Rare outside Unix sites. See also tt dd Unix dd tt , Block transfer instruction BLT . Among Unix fans, tt cat 1 tt is considered an excellent example ... of lines of text, but works with any sort of data. Among Unix critics, tt cat 1 tt is considered the canonical ... one file, concatenating it with nothing at all is a waste of time, and costs you a process ... era unix award.html ref In British English British Hacker culture hackerdom the activity of fixing ... file1.txt and file2.txt in binary mode to one file, file3.txt. See also List of Unix utilities code Split Unix split code , a command that splits a file into pieces which cat can then rejoin. zcat ... Mrsi paste Unix References Reflist External links man cu cat SUS concatenate and print files http harmful.cat v.org cat v UNIX Style, or cat v Considered Harmful A paper by Rob Pike on proper Unix command design using cat as an example. Manual pages http man.cat v.org unix 1st 1 cat cat 1 original manual page in the First Edition of Unix . man format 1 cat http www.gnu.org software coreutils ... 1 cat catenate files Plan 9 from Bell Labs manual Other http www.iki.fi era unix award.html Useless Use Of Cat Award Unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Category Standard Unix programs Cat Category Unix SUS2008 utilities ar ca Cat Unix cs Cat de Cat Unix el Cat Unix es Cat Unix fa Cat fr Cat Unix ko Cat it Cat Unix hu Cat Unix ms Cat UNIX ro Cat Unix nl Cat Unix ja Cat UNIX pl Cat Unix pt Cat Unix ru Cat sl Cat Unix sv Cat tr Cat Unix uk Cat zh Cat Unix ... more details
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