Eliezer ben Solomon of Touques was a French tosafist , who lived at Touques, Calvados Touques in the second half of the thirteenth century. He abridged the tosafot of Samson of Sens , Samuel of vreux , and many others, and added thereto marginal notes of his own, entitled Gilyon Tosafot, or Tosafot Gillayon . This abridgment, together with the notes, after undergoing many alterations and receiving several additions from later authorities, was called Tosafot uk it forms the foundation of the Tosafot now printed with the Talmud. ref see Hillel ben Mordecai , Av. Zarah , 1295 Judah ben Eliezer , Min at Yehudah , 58a R. Nissim to Alfasi , Gi . viii. and Bezalel Ashkenazi , Shi ah , pp. 47 49 ref Gershon Soncino , who printed Eliezer s tosafot for the first time, says in the preface to im i s Miklol edited by him Constantinople, 1532 34 that he collected them in various places in France, especially in Chamb ry , Savoy. Eliezer was also the author of a commentary on the Pentateuch, mentioned in a list of works appended to the manuscript of Ibn Jana s Sefer ha Ri mah , now in the Biblioth que Nationale, Paris No. 1216 . Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography Azulai, Shem ha Gedolim , ii., s.v. Zunz, Z. G. p. 39 Gross, Gallia Judaica , p. 209 Rabbinowicz, Ma amar al Hadfasat ha Talmud , p. 23, Munich, 1877 Michael, Or ha ayyim , No. 424. References reflist JewishEncyclopedia article Eliezer of Touques author Kaufmann Kohler and Isaac Broyd url http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 241&letter E Category 13th century rabbis Category French Tosafists Category People from Calvados ... more details
Image Lincoln Jew s House.jpg thumb 250px Frontage of the Jew s House Berechiah de Nicole also known as Benedict fil Mosse , d. after 1256 , was a thirteenth century English Tosafist who lived at Lincoln, Lincolnshire Lincoln . He was of the well known Hagin family, and son of Rabbi Moses ben Yom Tov of London. He was the chief rabbi of Lincoln the Norman French name of which was Nicole , and probably lived in the house now known as the Jew s House in that city for this was in the possession of a certain Belaset of Wallington in 1287, and there is a deed which speaks of Belaset, daughter of the Rav Berechiah. It has been conjectured that it was to attend the marriage of this Belaset and to do Berechiah honor that the Jews of England assembled at Lincoln toward the end of August, 1255, when the body of Little Hugh of Lincoln was discovered, and all the Lincoln Jews were sent up to London for complicity in a so called ritual murder. Berechiah was released earlier than the rest of the Jews, on January 7, 1256. His subsequent fate is unknown but there are a number of decisions of his in the ritual literature of the time, which show that he was considered an authority in ritual matters. For instance, the Mordecai ben Hillel Mordecai quotes that he decided that the evening prayer might be said an hour and a quarter before the legal time of night. Sources JewishEncyclopedia article Berechiah de Nicole author Richard Gottheil and Joseph Jacobs url http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 808&letter B small Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography Zunz, Z. G. p. 97 Renan Neubauer, Les Rabbins Fran ais, p. 441 Jacobs, in Trans. Jew. Hist. Soc. England, i. 102 111.G. J. small Bibliography Cecil Roth Roth, C . Rabbi Berechiah of Nicole Benedict of Lincoln Journal of Jewish Studies I ii 1948 9 67 81. DEFAULTSORT Berechiah De Nicole Category Tosafists Category 13th century rabbis Category 13th century English people Category People from Lincoln, England Category English M ... more details
Solomon Petit was a 13th century French Tosafist who settled in Acre, Israel Acre , Palestine , where he gathered a following of mystics and instigated a new campaign against the philosophical writings of Maimonidies . ref name Tirosh Samuelson2003 cite book author Hava Tirosh Samuelson title Happiness in premodern Judaism virtue, knowledge, and well being url http books.google.com books?id llXqJ4Yv8MsC&pg PA278 accessdate 10 May 2011 year 2003 publisher Hebrew Union College Press isbn 9780878204533 page 278 ref When the Exilarch of Damascus, Yishai ben Chezkiah , learned of the renewed anti Mainmonist agitation, he threatened Petit with excommunication, which was later invoked. ref http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 45&letter Y Yishai Jesse Ben Hezekiah , Joseph Jacobs & M. Seligsohn, Jewish Encyclopedia . ref Petit ignored the threats and set off on a mission to Europe to gather signatures from German rabbis endorsing his position. ref name Graetz2009 cite book author Heinrich Graetz title History of the Jews From the Revolt Against the Zendik 511C. E to the Capture of St. Jean D Acre by the Mahometans 1291 url http books.google.com books?id nGAnuwY65oQC&pg PA627 accessdate 10 May 2011 date 31 December 2009 publisher Cosimo, Inc. isbn 9781605209456 pages 626 633 ref References reflist Category 13th century rabbis Category French Tosafists Category People from Acre, Israel Category Jews in the Land of Israel Category Medieval Jews in Palestine Category 13th century Palestinian rabbis ... more details
Yocheved, Miriam, and Rachel lang he , , 11th 12th century were daughters of the great medieval Talmud ic scholar, Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki , better known by the acronym, Rashi , who had no sons. These women married three of their father s finest students and were the mothers of the leaders of the next generation of French Talmudic scholars. Many of their descendants were known as Baalei Tosafos List of Tosafists Tosafists who wrote critical and explanatory glosses on the Talmud. In all printed versions of the Talmud, the commentary of Rashi appears on the inside column next to the binding and that of the Tosafists on the outside column. Yocheved and Miriam were born in Troyes , France capital of the province of Champagne, France Champagne between the years 1058 and 1062. It is not known which is the eldest. Rachel was probably born in Troyes around 1070. ref cite book last Shereshevsky first Ezra coauthors title Rashi the Man and His World publisher Sepher Hermon year 1982 location pages url doi id isbn ref Yocheved and family Yocheved married Meir ben Samuel of nearby Ramerupt. They had four sons Isaac Rivam , Samuel Rashbam 1080 1174 , Solomon the grammarian, and their youngest child, Jacob Rabbenu Tam c. 1100 1171 . Despite the modern Ashkenazi Jews Ashkenazi naming custom, Joheved s son Solomon was born during her father s lifetime. Samuel became head of the Troyes yeshiva after the death of his grandfather, Rashi, while Jacob established a second school at Ramerupt. Isaac died during his parents lifetime, leaving seven orphans. Yocheved and Meir had at least two daughters who married Rashi s students. Hannah, a teacher of laws and customs relevant to women, married Samuel ben Simcha. Their son, Isaac ben Samuel Isaac of Dampierre Ri , became the leading Talmudic scholar of his generation. Another daughter, whose name is unknown, married Samson ben Joseph. Yocheved died in 1135 in Ramerupt. Meir died there a few months later. ref cite book last Ta Sh ... more details
Notes and references Reflist See also Tosafists Guide for the Perplexed Reception Maimonidean Controversy ... Category Tosafists Category Judaism related controversies Category Jewish Czech history he ... more details
Chananel ben Chushiel or ananel ben ushiel lang he , an eleventh century Tunisian Rabbi and Talmud ist, was a student of one of the last Geonim . He is best known for his commentary on the Talmud . Chananel is often referred to as Rabbeinu Chananel Hebrew language Hebrew for our teacher, Chananel Hebrew abbreviation . Biography Rabbeinu Chananel was born in 990. Although he is strongly associated with the city of Kairouan , Tunisia , he may have been born in Italy . Indeed, the Tosafists refer to him as Ish Romi. R. Chananel studied under his father, Chushiel , head of the Kairouan yeshiva and through correspondence with Hai Gaon . He is closely associated with Nissim Ben Jacob in the capacity of rabbi and Rosh yeshiva of Kairouan. His most famous student is probably Isaac Alfasi . Chananel was also successful in business and was said to be very wealthy. He died in 1053, leaving nine daughters. Works Chananel wrote the first complete commentary on the Talmud, today embedded in the actual Talmud page on certain tractates. The commentary only addresses the orders Moed , Nashim and Nezikin , in other words the topics relevant to practice at the time of writing, and some sections have been lost. Some further fragments have been recovered from the Cairo Geniza h and are published in B. M. Levin s Otzar ha Geonim , and there is now an edition published by Vagshal covering tractate Berachot and order Moed, which also includes the Sefer ha Maftea of his colleague Nissim Ben Jacob Nissim Gaon . The commentary presents a paraphrased summary of the main arguments in the gemara , omitting most of the non legal sections Aggada . A distinctive feature of the commentary is the presentation of the parallel passages from the Jerusalem Talmud . He also authored a Rabbinic literature Meforshim commentary on the Torah , cited by many later Biblical commentators, chiefly Bahya ben Asher . This commentary is to some extent directed against the Karaite s. While no f ... more details
Joshua H schel ben Joseph was a Polish rabbi born in Vilnius , Grand Duchy of Lithuania Lithuania about 1578 and died in Krak w Cracow on August 16, 1648. In his boyhood, he journeyed to Przemy l , Red Ruthenia , to study the Talmud under Rabbi Samuel ben Phoebus of Cracow. He returned to his native country, and continued his Talmudic studies in the city of Volodymyr Volynskyi W odzimierz Volodymyr, Volhynia under Rabbi Joshua Falk . After his marriage to the daughter of Rabbi Samuel of Brest Litovsk , he became rabbi of the city of Grodno , whence he was called to the rabbinate of Tiktin Tykocin , and later to that of Przemy l. In 1639 he became rabbi of Lemberg Lviv, Ukraine and in the following year he was appointed head of the yeshiva of Cracow. At Cracow Joshua devoted all his time to matters pertaining to the yeshiva, din law , and religious decisions. As he was a man of wealth, he accepted no salary for the services he rendered to the Jewish community of Cracow. Joshua was one of the most eminent Talmudic analysts of his age. Like many of his learned contemporaries, Joshua had a taste also for the Kabbalah , but he did not allow mystical teachings to influence his halakic decisions. On account of his extensive erudition in Talmudic literature, the number of his pupils at the yeshivah constantly increased. Many of them became noted rabbis. Among his students was Rav Shabbatai ha Kohen 1621 1662 , also known as The Shach, one of the greatest commentators on the Shulchan Aruch . Joshua s published works are Maginne Shelomoh Amsterdam, 1715 , novellae on various tractates of the Talmud, in which the author attempts to refute the strictures made by the schools of the Tosafists on the commentaries of Rashi . She elot u Teshubot Pene Yehoshua , Amsterdam, 1715 Lemberg, 1860. Other works of his are still in manuscript. Bibliography C. N. Dembitzer, Kelilat Yofi , i. 109, ii.1, Cracow, 1888 93 I. M. Zunz, Ir ha ede , p. 79, Lemberg, 1874 B. Friedberg, Lu ot Zik ... more details
Ezekiel Katzenellenbogen ben Abraham born in Lithuania about 1670 died at Altona, Hamburg Altona , July 9, 1749 was a Polish German rabbi. At first rabbi at K dainiai K dainiai Keidani , he was called to Altona in 1714. This call he owed to the efforts of Issachar Kohen , an influential member of the Altona congregation and Katzenellenbogen in return secured the election of Kohen s son in law to the rabbinate of Keidani. Jacob Emden , who reports this story in his Megillat Sefer pp. 121 140 , seems, however, to have been prejudiced against Katzenellenbogen, whom he describes as a man of very low moral character, an ignoramus, and a poor preacher. Ezekiel ben Abraham Katzenellenbogen s descendants for four generations occupied rabbinates in various Polish communities. His epitaph is found in Blogg s Sefer ha ayyim p. 337 Hanover, 1862 . He wrote Keneset Ye ez el, responsa, Altona, 1732 Tefillot le Yar ait, prayers and rituals for Yahrzeit Jahrzeit , ib. 1727 awwa at R. Ye ez el, his will, Amsterdam, 1750 Mayim Mi Yam? Ye ez el, homilies on the Pentateuch , Porick, 1786 and Le em Ye ez l, Talmudic novell mentioned in his preface to Keneset Ye ez el, but never published . According to Steinschneider Cat. Bodl. , Katzenellenbogen is probably the author of the Me orer Zikkaron Altona, 1727 , an index to Talmud ic passages with an abstract of the decisions of Rashi , the tosafists , etc. References from the Jewish Encyclopedia Emden , Megillat Sefer , pp. 121 140, Warsaw, 1897 Julius F rst , Bibl. Jud. ii.179 Heinrich Gr tz , Gesch. x.375 Kohan Kahana , in Ha Sha ar , 1874, p. 299 Moritz Steinschneider , Cat. Bodl. Walden , Shem ha Gedolim he adash , p. 29, Warsaw, 1864 Duckesz , lwwah le Moshab , Cracow, 1903 Benjacob , O ar ha Sefarim External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 135&letter K 389 Source JewishEncyclopedia Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Katzenellenbogen, Ezekiel ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PL ... more details
Baruch ben Samuel died April 25, 1221 , also called Baruch of Mainz to distinguish him from Baruch ben Isaac , was a Talmudist and prolific payye an , who flourished in Mainz at the beginning of the thirteenth century. He was a pupil of Moses ben Solomon ha Kohen of Mainz and of Eliezer ben Samuel of Metz the judicial sentences of both of whom he frequently cites. Baruch was one of the most eminent German rabbis of his time, and one of the leading signatories of the Takkanot Shum . Several of his responsa have been preserved in the German collections most of them refer to the rabbinic civil law. His Sefer ha okmah Book of Wisdom , still extant in the time of Bezalel ben Abraham Ashkenazi , but now lost, appears also to have been largely legal in character. Early writers cite also a commentary by Baruch on the treatise Nedarim , which was lost at an early date. Of Baruch s poetical activity more is known. His penitential poems and dirges, as well as his hymns for the Sabbath and for weddings, which made him one of the most popular of the payye anim, were incorporated into the German and the Polish rituals. Baruch displays a great command of language the seli ot , in particular, being frequently characterized by genuine poetic fervor. The following is a specimen of these poems, translated into English from a German version by Zunz blockquote Jeshurun s God, beyond compare, Enthroned above the clouds, Who dwelleth in the heavens high, Yet still on earth is ever nigh Mid tears and sadness, songs and gladness, To Him my gaze I turn, Who all my feeling, thought, and action, Is ever sure to learn. blockquote Baruch, the subject of this article, should not be confounded with Baruch of Greece, Clarify date October 2009 a Tosafist quoted several times in the Tosafot and in Mordecai compare List of Tosafists . Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography Azulai, Shem ha Gedolim , ed. Wilna, i. 38 Kohn, Mordecai ben Hillel , p. 102 Michael, Or ha ayyim , No. 637 Gr tz who, without g ... more details
oaths. The commentators living in Christian Germany in the 12th century, called Tosafists , permitted ... Even medieval Jews understood very well that Christianity is avodah zarah of a special type. The tosafists ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Simla Chadasha is a compendium on the Halakha Jewish laws of ritual slaughter. ref See Jewish Encyclopedia Schorr, Alexander Sender ref It was written by Rabbi Alexander Sender Schorr in the 18th century. Rabbi Schorr was the son of Rabbi Ephraim Zalman Schorr, the son of Rabbi Shmuel Shorr, the son of Rabbi Naftali Hirsch Schorr, the son of Rabbi Moshe Ephraim Schorr. They were direct descendents of Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor Rabbi Yoseph Bechor Schorr of Orleans, one of the most famous of the French Tosafot Tosafists . Even in his youth, Rabbi Alexander Sender Schorr was the Chief Justice of the Beth Din Rabbinic Court in the town of Hovniv directly outside of Lvov. While his work was published he lived in the town of Zelkava. Use of the Simla Chadasha has become so ubiquitous that it has replaced the Shulchan Aruch as the definitive work on ritual slaughter. Any candidate who wishes to become a ritual slaughterer is no longer tested by Rabbis on the laws found in the Shulchan Aruch he is tested instead on his knowledge of the Simla Chadasha. The famed Rabbi Moshe Sopher also known as the Moses Sofer Chassam Sofer ref See Responsa of Chassam Sofer, Yoreh Deah Section 43 ref describes the Simla Chadasha with the following words, His words are the words of the Living G d . The work was published well over one hundred times ref See introduction to the Friedman Edition of the Simla Chadasha p. 36 , Monsey, NY 2007 ref . Rabbi Schorr died on Tuesday, January 29, 1737, or the 27th of Shevat in the Hebrew calendar Hebrew year 5497 ref ibid, Friedman ed. Simla Chadasha ref . His tombstone is still extant in the Jewish cemetery in Zelkava. Muslims as well as Jews have a dietary code where they are proscribed from eating meat that was not ritually slaughtered by either a fellow Muslim or a Jew. The Simla Chadasha is in essence a restatement of the Yoreh De ah section of the Shulchan Aruch that deals with the laws of ritual slaughter and some ... more details
Eras of the Halakha Eliezer ben Nathan Hebrew of Mainz 1090 1170 , Ra aven , was a halakist and liturgical poet. As an early Rishonim Rishon , he was a contemporary of the Rashbam and Rabbeinu Tam , and one of the earliest of the Tosafists . He was the son in law of Rabbi Eliakim b. Joseph of Mainz, a fellow student of Rashi . Through his four daughters Eliezer became the ancestor of several learned families which exerted a great influence upon religious life in the subsequent centuries. One of his great grandsons was R. Asher b. Jehiel ROSH , father of R. Jacob, author of the urim . Eben ha Ezer Eliezer proves himself conscientious and careful in his decisions. Unlike R. Tam , he possessed little self confidence, and in his humility and reverence for tradition he is inclined to extremely rigid interpretations of the Law. Solomon s injunction Prov. i. 8 , Forsake not the teaching of thy mother, he interprets as meaning, What the older rabbis have prohibited we must not permit No. 10 . The chapters on civil law contain many an interesting document, and also a statement of commercial relations occasioned by various trials. They contain precise statements of the prices of goods and accurate information concerning commercial usages in the Rhineland and in distant Slavic peoples Slavic countries e.g., concerning the golden trade routes in Strasbourg Strasburg and Speyer fol. 145b the coinage of the time Zunz , Z. G. p. 5b and the export trade with Galicia Central Europe Galicia and southern Russia No. 5 . Slavicion customs and character are also discussed in connection with ritual matters. Among the decisions are some containing interpretations of Biblical and Talmudic sayings one of them No. 119 even presenting a connected commentary on Prov. xxx. 1 6, in which R. Saadia s view is cited namely, that Isthiel and Ucal were the names of two men who addressed philosophical questions to Agur ben Jakeh . The work mentions the year 1152, and must ther ... more details
No footnotes date February 2008 Rabbinical Literature The Baraita of the Forty nine Rules Hebrew is a work of rabbinical literature which is no longer in existence except in references by later authorities. Rashi , the Tosafists , Abraham ibn Ezra , Yal ut , and Asher ben Jehiel mention a work, Baraita of the Forty nine Rules, and make citations from it thus, Rashi, ed. Berliner, on Book of Exodus Ex. xxvi. 5 Yal . , Gen. 61, calls it Midrash Rashi on Ex. xxvii. 6 calls it Mishnah . Authorship and Character Ibn Ezra Yesod Moreh, ed. K nigsberg, 6a mentions R. Nathan as the author of the Baraita. Zunz showed, by referring to a number of passages in the Talmud, that the tannaim tanna R. Nathan, in the Halakah as well as in the Aggadah , was accustomed to group things arithmetically, and to arrange his sayings accordingly. On this observation, Zunz based the conjecture that this lost work of R. Nathan contained a large portion of his Mishnah , and was arranged in rubrics from one to forty nine so that each rubric, under the introductory formula Middah, mentioned halakic, haggadic, and, in general, scientific subjects which belonged in that particular place in regard to number G. V. 2d ed., pp. 95 97 . From the few fragments of this Baraita preserved by the above mentioned authors, only one fact pertaining to its character can be ascertained, viz., that it contained haggadic Yal . l.c. on the seventy nations as well as halakic matter, especially such portions of the Halakah as are concerned with exact measurement for instance, the measurement of the Tabernacle and its furnishings Rashi , l.c. . If from these short fragments an opinion could be formed concerning the composition of the Baraita, Zunz s assumption would be justified that it contained Haggadah and Halakah numerically arranged. Another assumption of his, however, that it represents the Mishnat R. Nathan mentioned elsewhere, is highly improbable R. Nathan s Mishnah was in all likelihood only a ... more details
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