Infobox Anatomy Name Iliopubic tract Latin tractus iliopubicus GraySubject 118 GrayPage 419 Image Gray545.png Caption Femoral sheath laid open to show its three compartments. Image2 Caption2 System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 57 DorlandsSuf 12149692 The iliopubic tract is a thickened band of fibers curving over the External iliac vessels disambiguation external iliac vessel s, at the spot where they become femoral, on the abdominal side of the inguinal ligament s and loosely connected with it. It is apparently a thickening of the transversalis fascia joined laterally to the iliac crest, and arching across the front of the femoral sheath to be inserted by a broad attachment into the pubic tubercle and pectineal line pubis pectineal line , behind the inguinal falx . In some subjects this structure is not very prominently marked, and not infrequently it is altogether wanting. It can be of clinical significance in hernia repair . ref cite journal author Teoh L, Hingston G, Al Ali S, Dawson B, Windsor J title The iliopubic tract an important anatomical landmark in surgery journal J Anat volume 194 Pt 1 pages 137 41 pmid 10227675 year 1999 pmc 1467901 ref References reflist External links http www.vesalius.com graphics archive archtn.asp?VID 418&nrVID 278 Iliopubic Tract Hernia Repair Images at vesalius.com Gray s Category Abdomen muscle stub ... more details
and prolonged effects of Lissauer tract stimulation on dorsal horn cells journal Pain volume 83 issue ... During a complete occlusion of the ventral artery of the spinal cord , it is the only tract spared ... deficits seen in pernicious anemia . Eponym The tract of Lissauer was named after German neurologist ... more details
contradiction Hmm date January 2011 Infobox Anatomy Name Spinotectal tract Latin t. spinotectalis GraySubject 185 GrayPage 762 Image Gray669.png Caption Diagram showing a few of the connections of afferent sensory fibers of the posterior root with the efferent fibers from the ventral column and with the various long ascending fasciculi. Spinotectal fasciculus labeled at bottom right. Image2 Gray672.png Caption2 Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord. Spinotectal fasciculus labeled at bottom left. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817240 The spinotectal tract spinotectal fasciculus arises in the anterolateral column and terminate in the Inferior colliculus inferior and Superior colliculus superior colliculi. It is situated ventral to the lateral spinothalamic fasciculus , but its fibers are more or less intermingled with it. It is also known as the spino quadrigeminal system of Mott . In the brain stem the fibers run lateral from the inferior olive , ventro lateral from the superior olive, then ventro medial from the spinal tract of the trigeminal the fibers come to lie in the medial portion of the lateral lemniscus . See also Tectospinal tract External links http sky.bsd.uchicago.edu lcy ref synap touch.html Diagram and overview at uchicago.edu neuroscience stub Gray s Spinal cord Mesencephalon Neural tracts Category Nervous system ... more details
The seminal tract is a part of the male reproductive system and consists of Seminiferous tubules Tubuli seminiferi recti , Rete testis , Efferent ducts , Epididymis Appendix of the epididymis Appendix , Vas deferens Vas deferens Ampulla of ductus deferens Ampulla and Ejaculatory duct Ejaculatory duct . male reproductive system genitourinary stub Category Male reproductive system ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Olivospinal tract Latin tractus olivospinalis GraySubject 185 GrayPage 761 Image Medulla spinalis tracts English.svg Caption Olivospinal tract is 2d, in red at bottom left. Image2 Caption2 System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12816380 The olivospinal fasciculus Helweg arises in the vicinity of the inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla oblongata , and is seen only in the cervical region of the medulla spinalis , where it forms a small triangular area at the periphery, close to the most lateral of the anterior nerve roots . External links BrainInfo ancil 973 eMedicineDictionary olivospinal fibers Gray s Neural tracts Spinal cord Category Motor system Category Brainstem neuroscience stub pl Droga oliwkowo rdzeniowa ... more details
The hypothalamospinal tract connects the thalamus to the ciliospinal center of the intermediolateral cell column in the spinal cord T1, T2 . It is found in the dorsolateral quadrant of the lateral funiculus , in the lateral tegmentum of the medulla , pons and midbrain . Lesions of the hypothalamospinal tract cause ipsilateral Horner s syndrome . ref James D. Fix. High Yield Neuroanatomy 4th Edition. Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. pp. 63 64. ref Lesions of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery PICA lead to the so called lateral medullary syndrome , with ipsilateral Horner s Syndrome as the result of lesioning this nucleus. Reflist Category Neuroanatomy Category Brainstem Category Central nervous system pathways Category Efferents ... more details
Elko Tract is a 2,220 acre 9 km tract of land in Henrico County, Virginia . It is considered one of Virginia Virginia s most well known ghost town s due to its history as a decoy airfield during World ... General George B. McClellan occupied a third line of defense that included part of the Elko Tract ... Robert E. Lee . A month later, during the Seven Days Battles June 26 July 1, 1862 , the Elko Tract saw ... to retreat to Malvern Hill . World War II The history of the Tract prior to World War II is unremarkable ... that of Richmond, Virginia Richmond . Richmond sat nearby to the west of the tract. It is widely ..., the lights would come up on Elko Tract roads built in roughly the same pattern as the city, and a false ... time that Elko Tract was mentioned in local media for several decades. A 1955 approach plate for the real ... the mid 1990s, Elko Tract was a largely ignored piece of land. The existing infrastructure including ... and young adults in the area. There are accounts from the time of people being met in the Tract by men ... in the case of nuclear attack. More reasonable speculation is that Elko Tract served as a training ... Peary in Williamsburg, VA. Recent history The land that makes up Elko Tract was eventually sold ... owned land. Since 1996, a piece of the northwest section of the Tract has been the home of a semiconductor plant for Infineon Technologies . A 2002 trip into the tract was interrupted by a security ... of the Elko Tract, a large portion of the original 1953 infrastructure construction is still in place ... Elko Tract infrastructure, however, is threatened by the increased interest in commercial development in the Tract. It has been reported that in 2004 the Virginia National Guard had been performing field exercises in the Tract. The surrounding area is a collection of upscale neighborhoods such as White ... A 1994 article on Elko Tract possible theories on the 1960s and 1970s use http www.thewag.net divertissements ... from inside the Tract http maps.google.com maps?ll 37.486768, 77.237921&spn 0.014420,0.020707&t k&hl ... more details
POV date October 2011 Image TractQuakerExtractsShillitoe1820.jpg thumb 150px right Quaker tract of 1820 A tract is a literature literary work , and in current usage, usually religious in nature. The notion of what constitutes a tract has changed over time. By the early part of the 21st century, these meant small pamphlets used for religious and political purposes, though far more often the former. They are often either left for someone to find or handed out. However, there have been times in history ... s invention. Image CIM Gospel Tract.jpg thumb left 200px A Gospel tract Who date October 2011 printed ... based Religious Tract Society . ref http www.ne.se jsp search article.jsp?i sect id 330356&i history ... and they still are today. In America, the American Tract Society distributed vast quantities of tracts ... traffic. This tract was left under a vehicle windshield wiper . The publishing of tracts for religious purposes has continued unabated, with many evangelical tract ministries Who date October 2011 ... Tract Society has continuously published literature of this type since 1825. anchor JW Watch Tower By the late ... Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania Zion s Watch Tower Tract Society were distributing ... was the first of many tracts written by Jack Chick . Later Chick tract s followed the pattern vivid ... News Network Million Dollar Bill Tract Seizure Million Dollar Bill , which caused a legal controversy in June 2006. Most Christian tract ministries operate as non profit faith organizations, some ... these is Fellowship Tract League, which has printed 3.5 billion Gospel tracts since 1978, available ... reaching tract from this era is Common Sense pamphlet Common Sense by Thomas Paine . Tracts were ... also Image TractPhiladelphiaQuakerPage12Shillitoe1820.jpg thumb right 150px Page from a tract by Thomas ... External links DEFAULTSORT Tract Literature Category Books by type Category Documents Category Activism by method Category Religious literature fr Tract simple Tract fi Traktaatti kirjallisuus sv Traktat ... more details
infobox historic subdivision Name Huron Tract HQ Canada Company at York , Upper Canada . Later at Goderich ... Treaty Huron Tract Purchase work atlas.nrcan.gc.ca accessdate August 9, 2010 ref Status Negotiated with the Chippewas of Chenail Ecarte, the Ausable River, and St. Clair River for this tract. Start July 10, 1827 End December 1953 Code CodeName Huron Tract Purchase . ref name Atlas of Canada cite web ... image view title Map of the Area of the 10 July 1827 Treaty Huron Tract Purchase accessdate August ... Tract work stjosephmuseum.ca st joseph story accessdate Sept 01, 2010 ref DivisionsMap Image Map Image HuronTract.JPG 150px Huron Tract Purchase area, located in southern Ontario, highlighted in yellow ... display title The Huron Tract Purchase also known as the Huron Block, registered as Crown Treaty Number ..., Ontario in the Province of Ontario . The Huron Tract was purchased by the Canada Company, an agent ... it the Huron Tract . ref name Huron Country cite web url http www.huroncounty.ca library assess preambl2.htm title What was the Huron Tract? accessdate September 17, 2010 ref The Canada Company was the administrative agent for the Huron Tract. An Act of Parliament in 1825 incorporated the Canada Company with the Huron Tract settlement objective as its primary goal. ref name Settlement of the Huron Tract Kathleen Macfarlane Lizars, In the days of the Canada Company The story of the settlement of the Huron Tract and a view of the social life of the period, 1825 1850. Toronto William Briggs ... in December 1953. ref name Canada Company. The administration of the Huron Tract demonstrates ... of the Huron Tract, the Canada Company and the Family Compact being almost synonymous until ... left Crest of the Anishinaabe people First Nation people of the Huron Tract Image PaulKane RiverScene ... tract of land known as the Huron Tract. The Chippewas of Chenail Ecarte, the Ausable River, and St. Clair River negotiated with John Askin, then Superintendent of Indian Affairs, for this tract. Image ... more details
The vocal tract is the cavity in human beings and in animals where sound that is produced at the sound source larynx in mammals syrinx biology syrinx in birds is filtered. Image Sagittalmouth.png thumb 400px Sagittal plane Sagittal section of human vocal tract In birds it consists of the Vertebrate trachea trachea , the Syrinx biology syrinx , the oral cavity, the upper part of the esophagus , and the beak . In mammals it consists of the laryngeal cavity , the pharynx , the oral cavity, and the nasal cavity. The estimated average length of the vocal tract in adult male humans is 16.9 cm and 14.1 cm in adult females. ref Goldstein, U.G. 1980 An articulatory model for the vocal tracts of growing children. Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. ref See also Language Parrot a bird able to Talking birds imitate human speech but without comprehension, with the possible exception of African Grey Parrot s Speech Synthesis Manner of articulation References references anatomy stub Category Head and neck Category Human voice de Vokaltrakt et K netrakt fa fr Canal vocal gv Cassan y ghoo id Sistem vokal he ku Riya deng la Meatus vocis hu Toldal kcs nl Spraakkanaal ja ru fi nt v yl sv Ansatsr ret zh ... more details
Other uses Tract disambiguation The tract Latin language Latin tractus is part of the proper liturgy proper of the liturgy liturgical celebration of the Eucharist for many Christian denominations , which is used instead of the Alleluia during Lent en or Septuagesima pre Lenten seasons, in a Requiem Mass, and on a few other penitential occasions, when the joyousness of an Alleluia is deemed inappropriate. Tracts are not, however, necessarily sorrowful. The name apparently derives from either the drawn out style of singing or the continuous structure without a refrain . There is evidence, however, that the earliest performances were sung responsorially, and it is probable that these were dropped at an early age. In their final form, tracts are a series of psalm verses rarely a complete psalm, but all of the verses from the same psalm. They are restricted to only two musical mode modes , the second and the eighth. The melodies follow centonization patterns more strongly than anywhere else in the repertoire a typical tract is almost exclusively a succession of such formulas. The cadence music cadence s are nearly always elaborate melisma s. Tracts with multiple verses are some of the longest chants in the Liber Usualis . References Hoppin, Richard. Medieval Music. New York Norton, 1978. Pages 129 130. Mass CatholicMass collapsed Lutheran Divine Service Category Structure of the Mass de Tractus fr Trait liturgie it Tratto messa nl Tractus liturgie pl Tractus ru sk Tractus spev fi Tractus ... more details
The Horc n Tract is a small tract of land that was north of the Rio Grande , including the city of Rio Rico, Tamaulipas . In July 1906, however, the American Rio Grande Land and Irrigation Company constructed a cutoff to force the river into a straighter channel. As a result, the 413 acres on which the city of Rio Rico, Tamaulipas R o Rico is situated came to be located south of the river. The company was eventually taken to court and fined for the diversion of the river, but neither country resolved the issue of territorial rights. The United States never formally relinquished title to the land, since international law dictates that only natural changes of a river s course can transfer territory over time, however, R o Rico came to be administered by the Mexican government. In 1972 the United States officially ceded the tract of land to the Republic of Mexico. ref name tshaonline cite web date 2009 url http www.tshaonline.org handbook online articles RR hrr53.html title Rio Rico, Texas format publisher Handbook of Texas accessdate April 10, 2012 last McDonald, Laurier B. quote ref Persons born while it was a territory may be eligible for benefits in the U.S. coord 26 03 22 N 97 53 24 W type city region US TX display title Category Geography of Mexico Mexico geo stub References Reflist ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 Nofootnotes date December 2008 Infobox Brain Name Olfactory tract Latin tractus olfactorius GraySubject 189 GrayPage 826 Image Gray732.png Caption Scheme of rhinencephalon . Olfactory tract visible at left. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 265 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Olfactory tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1663 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817042 The olfactory tract is a bundle of axons connecting the Olfactory bulb mitral cell mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb to several target regions in the brain, including piriform cortex , amygdala , and entorhinal cortex . It is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section , the apex being directed upward. It lies in the olfactory sulcus on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe , and divides posteriorly into two stri , a medial olfactory stria and a lateral olfactory stria . Additional images gallery Image Gray516.png The arteries of the base of the brain. Image Gray567.png Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain. Image Gray724.png Base of brain. Image Gray772.png Plan of olfactory neurons. Image Gray780.png The pterygopalatine ganglion and its branches. Image Human brainstem anterior view 2 description.JPG Human brainstem anterior view Image Head olfactory nerve.jpg Olfactory nerve gallery External links UMichAtlas n1a2p13 YaleCranialNerves 1 4 RocheLexicon 13048.000 1 http www.thebrain.mcgill.ca flash a a 01 a 01 cr a 01 cr ana a 01 cr ana.html Diagram at thebrain.mcgill.ca Gray s Cerebral limbic system Olfactory system Category Neuroanatomy Category Olfactory system neuroscience stub ... more details
The retinohypothalamic tract is a photic input pathway involved in the circadian rhythms of mammal s. ref name pmid11713469 cite journal author Gooley JJ, Lu J, Chou TC, Scammell TE, Saper CB title Melanopsin in cells of origin of the retinohypothalamic tract journal Nat. Neurosci. volume 4 issue 12 pages 1165 year 2001 pmid 11713469 doi 10.1038 nn768 ref The origin of the retinohypothalamic tract is the photosensitive ganglion cell intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells ipRGC , which contain the photopigment melanopsin . The axons of the ipRGCs belonging to the retinohypothalamic tract project directly, monosynaptically, to the suprachiasmatic nuclei via the optic nerve and the optic chiasm . ref from the retina to the optic chiasm, the ipRGC axons follow the same path as the axons of regular retinal ganglion cell RGCs i.e. RGCs that are not intrinsically photosensitive ref ref cite book last Afifi first A.K. last2 Bergman first2 R.A. title Functional Neuroanatomy url http www.mhprofessional.com product.php?cat 116&isbn 0071408126&cat 116 format paperback edition 2nd date 2005 01 28 publisher McGraw Hill isbn 9780071408127 page 271 doi 10.1036 0071408126 ref The suprachiasmatic nuclei receive and interpret information on environmental light, dark and day length, important in the entrainment chronobiology entrainment of the body clock . They can coordinate peripheral clocks and direct the pineal gland to secrete the hormone melatonin . References reflist Category Eye Category Sleep physiology Category Circadian rhythms biology stub nl Tractus retinohypothalamicus ... more details
Image Donation Tract Ohio .png thumb The Donation Tract lies in southern Ohio 450px The Donation Tract was a land tract in southern Ohio that was established by the Congress late in the 18th century to buffer Ohio Company of Associates Ohio Company lands against Indigenous peoples of the Americas Indians . Congress gave convert 100 acre km2 adj on lots to men who settled on the land. This marked the first time that federal land was given without charge to specified settlers, predating the more famous Homestead Act of 1862 by seventy years. Background The Ohio Company of Associates , also known as the Ohio Company , was a land company that was formed on March 3, 1786, by General Rufus Putnam , Benjamin Tupper , Samuel Holden Parsons and Manasseh Cutler , who had met in Boston, Massachusetts to discuss the settlement of the territory around the Ohio River . They convinced Congress to sell the company a tract at the confluence of the Muskingum River and the Ohio River . Settlement began at the newly formed town of Marietta, Ohio in April 1788. Indians objected to this incursion on their homeland, leading to the Northwest Indian War War of 1790 . ref name officialohio cite book title The Official Ohio Lands Book last Knepper first George W year 2002 publisher http www.auditor.state.oh.us The Auditor of the State of Ohio page 30 url http www.auditor.state.oh.us Publications General OhioLandsBook.pdf ref Most of the troops in Fort Harmar , near Marietta, were transferred to Fort Washington ... thumb The Donation Tract is the green area in the upper right 450px The Ohio Company petitioned ... male of at least 18 years of age who settled on the land. ref name ohiosub The Donation Tract ... land surveying sections . That part of the tract that was not conveyed by the Company to settlers ... officialohio ref name ohiosub After settlement of the Donation Tract, the Ohio Company did not suffer ... Donation Tract Ohio History Central Donation Tract coord 39 33 55 N 81 34 40 W display title Ohio Lands ... more details
No footnotes date May 2010 euromericas The Welsh Tract , also called the Welsh Barony , was a portion of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania settled largely by Welsh language Welsh speaking Quakers . It covers 40,000 acres 160 km to the west of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia . The original settlers, led by John Roberts, negotiated with William Penn in 1684 to constitute the Tract as a separate county whose local government would use the Welsh language , since many of the settlers spoke no English. Notwithstanding this agreement, by the 1690s the land had already been partitioned into different counties, despite appeals from the Welsh settlers, and the Tract never gained self government. History The Roberts and other Welsh families became influential in the area, through the building of mills and the eventual introduction of the railroad. It is the railroad that gives the best known part of the area its current name the Pennsylvania Main Line Main Line , referring to the main track of the now defunct Pennsylvania Railroad . After the American Civil War , 104 Welsh families from this region migrated to Knoxville, Tennessee , establishing a strong Welsh presence there. Today The area is now part of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Montgomery , Chester County, Pennsylvania Chester , and Delaware County, Pennsylvania Delaware counties. Many towns in the area still bear Welsh names. Some, such as North Wales, Pennsylvania North Wales , Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania Lower ... comprised the Welsh Tract were subsequently given Welsh names. Among these were Gladwyne, Pennsylvania ... Mawr, Pennsylvania Bryn Mawr , formerly Humphreysville which was renamed in 1869 . A second Welsh Tracttract of thirty thousand acres was granted to Welsh by William Penn in 1701. It included what is now ... of the Tract http members.macconnect.com users d dalex Pages Welsh Tract.html A briefer history http www.lowermerionhistory.org photodb web html3 022 1.html Photograph of the indenture creating the Tract ... more details
citesources date June 2009 Infobox Anatomy Name Iliotibial tract Latin tractus iliotibialis GraySubject 128 GrayPage 468 Image Posterior Hip Muscles 3.PNG Caption Iliotibial tract. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817010 The iliotibial tract or iliotibial band a.k.a. Maissiat s band, IT Band is a longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata . The action of the ITB and its associated muscles is to flex, abduct, and medially rotate the hip. In addition, the ITB contributes to lateral knee stabilization. During knee extension the ITB moves anterior, while knee flexion moves the ITB posterior. It is attached to the anterolateral iliac tubercle portion of the external lip of the iliac crest and to the lateral condyle of tibia lateral condyle of the tibia . The figure shows only the proximal part of the iliotibial tract. The part of the iliotibial band which lies beneath the tensor fasciae latae muscle tensor fasci lat is prolonged upward to join the lateral part of the capsule of the hip hip joint . The gluteus maximus muscle and the tensor fasciae latae muscle tensor fasciae latae insert upon the tract. Clinical significance It stabilizes the knee both in extension and in partial flexion, and is therefore used constantly during walking and running. In leaning forwards with slightly flexed knee the tract is the main support of knee against gravity. Iliotibial band syndrome Iliotibial Band Syndrome ITBS or ITBFS, for Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome is a common thigh injury generally associated with running . It can also be caused by cycling or hiking . It is usually developed by people who suddenly increase their level of activity, such as runners who increase their mileage. Other risk factors for ITBS include gait abnormalities such as Foot type Overpronation overpronation , leg length discrepancies, or Genu varum bow leggedness . ITB Syndrome is an overuse condition of the distal ITB ... more details
Image Ppy tract 2g4b.png thumb 300px The essential spliceosome component U2AF bound to a short polypyrimidine RNA fragment. The polypyrimidine tract is a region of messenger RNA mRNA that promotes the assembly of the spliceosome , the protein complex specialized for carrying out RNA splicing during the process of post transcriptional modification . The region is rich with pyrimidine nucleotide s, especially uracil , and is usually 15 20 base pair s long, located about 5 40 base pairs before the 3 end of the intron to be spliced. ref name Lodish Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky SL, Darnell J. 2004 . Molecular Cell Biology. WH Freeman New York, NY. 5th ed. ref A number of protein factors bind to or associate with the polypyrimidine tract, including the spliceosome component U2AF and the polypyrimidine tract binding protein PTB , which plays a regulatory role in alternative splicing . PTB s primary function is in exon silencing, by which a particular exon region normally spliced into the mature mRNA is instead left out, resulting in the gene expression expression of an isoform of the protein for which the mRNA genetic code codes . Because PTB is ubiquitously expressed in many higher eukaryote s, it is thought to suppress the inclusion of weak exons with poorly defined splice site s. ref name Wagner Wagner EJ, Garcia Blanco MA. 2001 . Polypyrimidine tract binding protein antagonizes exon definition. Mol Cell Biol 21 10 3281 3288. ref However, PTB binding is not sufficient to suppress robust exons. ref name Gooding Gooding C, Roberts GC, Smith CW. 1998 . Role of an inhibitory pyrimidine element and polypyrimidine tract binding protein in repression of a regulated alpha tropomyosin exon. RNA 4 85 100. ref The suppression or selection of exons is critical to the proper expression of biological tissue tissue specific isoforms. For example, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle express alternate isoforms distinguished by mutually exclusive ... more details
Globalize date October 2009 Refimprove date October 2009 A census tract , census area , or census district is a geographic region defined for the purpose of taking a census . ref cite web url http www.census.gov geo www cen tract.html title Census Tracts and Block Numbering Areas publisher U. S. Census Bureau date 2000 04 19 accessdate 2007 12 05 ref Usually these coincide with the Border limits of cities , town s or other administrative areas ref cite web url http www.census.gov geo www cen tract.html title Census Tracts and Block Numbering Areas publisher U. S. Census Bureau date 2000 04 19 accessdate 2007 12 05 ref and several tracts commonly exist within a county. In unincorporated area s of the United States these are often arbitrary, except for coinciding with Political geography political ... United States The concept of the census tract was first developed in the United States. In 1906, Dr ... citizens were known as Census Tract Committees, later called Census Statistical Areas Committees. After ... tracts and published the first set of census tract criteria in 1934. The goal of the criteria has ... census tract data as part of its standard tabulations beginning with the United States Census, 1940 1940 Census . Prior to that time, census tract data were published as special tabulations. For the 1940 ... people. Census block numbers were assigned, where possible, by census tract, but for those cities ... whose boundaries could be used as census tract boundaries. It also allowed tribal governments of federally ... population of at least 1,000. ref cite web url http www.census.gov geo www psap2010 tract criteria.pdf title Census Tract Program for the 2010 Decennial Census Final Criteria work Federal Register publisher ... Census Tract Committee was formed in 1955 ref name Longley cite book last Longley first Paul coauthors ... Bureau, Geographic Areas Reference Manual PDF http www.gcensus.com browse data gCensus Browse Tract Numbers, Block Group Numbers, and Block Numbers DEFAULTSORT Census Tract Category United States ... more details
Also known as the dentatothalamic tract or the tractus cerebellothalamicus , is part of the superior cerebellar peduncle . It originates in the cerebellar nuclei , crosses completely in the decussation of the brachium conjunctivum , bypasses the red nucleus , and terminates in parts of the ventral anterior nucleus , ventral intermediate , ventral posterolateral nucleus , and central lateral nuclei of the thalamus . It is mostly separated from the pallidothalamic tracts . ref name pmid18193279 cite journal author Gallay MN, Jeanmonod D, Liu J, Morel A title Human pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic tracts anatomical basis for functional stereotactic neurosurgery journal Brain Struct Funct volume 212 issue 6 pages 443 63 year 2008 month August pmid 18193279 pmc 2494572 doi 10.1007 s00429 007 0170 0 ref It can play a role in mediating symptoms in hereditary dystonia . ref name pmid19657027 cite journal author Argyelan M, Carbon M, Niethammer M, et al. title Cerebellothalamocortical connectivity regulates penetrance in dystonia journal J. Neurosci. volume 29 issue 31 pages 9740 7 year 2009 month August pmid 19657027 doi 10.1523 JNEUROSCI.2300 09.2009 url http www.jneurosci.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 19657027 ref The term cerebellothalamocortical pathway is used to indicate termination in the cerebral cortex . ref name pmid15365147 cite journal author Molnar GF, Sailer A, Gunraj CA, Lang AE, Lozano AM, Chen R title Thalamic deep brain stimulation activates the cerebellothalamocortical pathway journal Neurology volume 63 issue 5 pages 907 9 year 2004 month September pmid 15365147 doi url ref Function The cerebellothalamic tract transmits information from the cerebellum to the thalamus via neural impulses for the sensory systems . See also Dentatothalamic tract References reflist Cerebellum Diencephalon Neural tracts Category Nervous system neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Vestibulospinal tract Latin tractus vestibulospinalis GraySubject 185 GrayPage 760 Image Spinal cord tracts English.svg Caption Vestibulospinal tract is labeled, in red at bottom left ... tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1643 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817329 The vestibulospinal tract is a neural tract in the central nervous system . Specifically, it is a component of the extrapyramidal system ... fibers of the tract relay information from nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei to motor neurons ... tract. The function of these motors commands are to alter muscle tone, extend, and change the position ... and head. ref name A&P Classification main extrapyramidal system The vestibulospinal tract is part ... precise movement of the distal portion of limbs. ref name A&P The vestibulospinal tract, as well as Tectospinal tract tectospinal and Reticulospinal tract reticulospinal tracts are examples of components of the medial pathway. ref name A&P Function The vestibulospinal tract is part of the vestibular ... accessdate 1 November 2011 ref One of these projections, the vestibulospinal tract, is responsible ... movements of the body, the vestibulospinal tract commands motor signals to specific muscles to counteract these movements and re stabilize the body. The vestibulospinal tract is an upper motor neuron tract consisting of two sub pathways The medial vestibulospinal tract projects bilaterally from the medial ... 12 Tract Systems I url http cal.vet.upenn.edu projects neurology lab12 lab12 vspt.htm work University ... movement. The lateral vestibulospinal tract provides excitatory signals to interneurons , which ... DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf Lateral vestibulospinal tract The lateral vestibulospinal tract is a group ... This tract is found in the lateral funiculus , a bundle of Nerves nerve roots in the spinal cord . The lateral vestibulospinal tract originates in the lateral vestibular nucleus or Deiters nucleus in the pons ... motor neuron s in the same laminae. ref name Functional Neuroanatomy Medial vestibulospinal tract ... more details
The Horseneck Tract was an area in present day Essex County, New Jersey Essex County , New Jersey , United States , that consisted of what are now the municipalities of Caldwell, New Jersey Caldwell , West Caldwell, New Jersey West Caldwell , North Caldwell, New Jersey North Caldwell , Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey Fairfield , Verona, New Jersey Verona , Cedar Grove, New Jersey Cedar Grove , Essex Fells, New Jersey Essex Fells , Roseland, New Jersey Roseland , and portions of Livingston, New Jersey Livingston and West Orange, New Jersey West Orange . On May 1, 1701 Simon Van Ness, Gerebrand Clawson, Hans Spier, Elias Franson, Christopher Steinmets, Andrese Louwrentz, Garret Vanderhoof, Hessell Pieters and Jan Spier bought from the Indians a large tract of land at Horseneck. ref N.J. Secretary of State, Deeds, Surveys, and Commissions. Symon Vanness, et al. from Indians Deed Book O, p. 149 Date 5 1 1701 Essex County ref In 1702, settlers purchased the 14,000 acre 57 km Horseneck Tract from the Lenape Native Americans of the United States Native Americans for goods equal to 325. This purchase encompassed much of western Essex County, from the Watchung Mountains First Mountain to the Passaic River . Settlement began about 1740 by Thomas Gould and Saunders Sanders. The reason for calling the region Horse Neck has never been determined, but is not because of its shape. The area was referred to as the Horseneck Tract until February 17, 1787, when the congregation of the First Presbyterian Church at Horseneck voted to change the name of their parish to Caldwell, in honor of Reverend James Caldwell clergyman James Caldwell who helped them organize the church. After this date the church became known as the First Presbyterian Church at Caldwell. In 1798 the westernmost ... in order to avoid being confused with Caldwell Borough. See also Elizabethtown Tract English Neighborhood New Barbadoes Neck Newark Tract West Essex References Reflist External links http www.rootsweb.com ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin t. olivocerebellaris GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray695.png Caption Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive. Cerebello olivary fibers visible at center right. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 801 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Olivocerebellar tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1579 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817047 The olivocerebellar tract , also known as olivocerebellar fibers , are neural fibers which originate at the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum anatomy hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raphe nucleus raph , then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to the cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise. They terminate directly on Purkinje cells as the climbing fiber input system. ref Eccles J.C, Llinas R, and Sasaki. Excitation of cerebellar Purkinje cells by the climbing fibers. Nature 203 245 246, 1964 ref References reflist Additional images gallery Image Gray685.png Deep dissection of brain stem lateral view Image Gray753.png Deep dissection of cortex and brain stem gallery External links NeuroanatomyWisc cere text p3 olivo.htm Gray s neuroscience stub Rhombencephalon Cerebellum Neural tracts Category Nervous system ... more details
Infobox book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name A Tract of Time title orig translator image Image A Tract of Time.jpg 200px image caption Cover of 1966 Houghton Mifflin br first edition. Dust jacket illustration by William Hofmann . author Smith Hempstone illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series genre Vietnam War novel publisher Houghton Mifflin release date 1966 english release date media type Print Hardcover pages isbn NA First edition published prior to adoption of ISBN standard preceded by followed by A Tract of Time is an antiwar novel from 1966 by Smith Hempstone , that covers the time period about 1960, when there was an attempted Ngo Dinh Diem coup of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem . ref name recollection Cite web url http www.eskimo.com recall cats vietnam f.htm title Recollection Used Books author Recollection Used Books accessdate 2008 02 29 Verify credibility date March 2009 ref Even as the United States backed Diem s government during the war, its American advisers worked with the Degar Montagnard people who opposed Diem, to help them fight the Viet Cong , whom they also opposed. ref name recollection The book follows one CIA operative, Harry Coltart, as he works with the Montagnard mountain tribesmen in the Central Highlands. Citation needed date March 2009 Harry is initially successful in getting the Montagnards to fight against the Viet Cong, but then the Montagnards are betrayed and South Vietnamese troops are sent in. Harry has to be rescued as the Montagnards join the Viet Cong. ref Cite book url http books.google.com books?id ekFAAAAAIAAJ title Only novelists can write about politics publisher Kirkus Reviews accessdate 2008 02 29 ref The book has been considered to be an important novel from the time, ref name recollection and has been cited in at least one history ... Editions Avon paperback References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Tract Of Time, A Category 1966 novels ... more details
The Elizabethtown Tract was a property that was purchased on October 28, 1664, by John Baily, Daniel Denton and Luke Watson from the Native Americans in the United States Native Americans that is in the area of and surrounding present day Elizabeth, New Jersey . ref Cite journal last Grabas first Joseph A. authorlink coauthors title Land Speculation and Proprietary Beginnings of New Jersey journal The Advocate volume XVI issue 4 pages 3, 20, 14 publisher New Jersey Land Title Association location date url http www.njlta.org Dec2004.pdf issn doi id accessdate April 15, 2010 ref ref http www.altlaw.com edball elizabethtown.htm ref As specified in the Deed, the purchase included the area Bounded on the South by a River commonly called the Raritan River Raritons River , and on the East by the Arthur Kill River which Parts Staten Island Staten Island and the Main, and to run Northward up after Cull Bay, till we come at the first River which sets Westwards up after Newark Bay Cull Bay . The territory encompassed lands from the mouth of the Raritan River and included all of present day Union County, New Jersey Union County as well as parts of Somerset County, New Jersey Somerset , Middlesex County, New Jersey Middlesex , Morris County, New Jersey Morris and Essex County, New Jersey Essex counties. Shortly after the purchase, Denton explored the area in and surrounding his purchase. In 1670, Denton wrote the first English language description of the area. See also Province of New Jersey Colonial history of New Jersey References reflist External links http ftp.rootsweb.com pub usgenweb nj statewide history new je2.txt Indian Deed for the Elizabethtown Tract coord 40.49 74.27 type landmark globe earth region US NJ display title Category Pre state history of New Jersey Category Geography of Elizabeth, New Jersey Category Union County, New Jersey Category History of Elizabeth, New Jersey NewJersey geo stub ... more details
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