italic title A Short Treatise on the Lord s Supper is a book by John Calvin . It was written in French in 1540 and clarified various Eucharist Eucharistic issues for the protestants. ref name Thompson1996 cite book last Thompson first Bard title Humanists and Reformers year 1996 publisher Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company location Grand Rapids isbn 0802863485 pages 493 494 ref Given that it was written in French, it was less accessible to the scholastic readers of the time that read Latin. Martin Luther found a copy of the book in Latin in a bookstore later in his life and commented that he could have entrusted the whole controversy of the Last Supper to Calvin from the beginning. ref name Thompson1996 Sources Reflist DEFAULTSORT Short Treatise on the Lord s Supper Calvinism stub Christian book stub Category Christian theology ... more details
An Abstract of a Book lately Published , full title An Abstract of a Book lately Published Entitled, A Treatise of Human Nature, &c. Wherein the Chief Argument of that Book is farther Illustrated and Explained is a summary of the main doctrines of David Hume s work A Treatise of Human Nature , published anonymously in 1740. There has been speculation about the authorship of the work. Some scholars believe it was written by Hume s friend, the economist Adam Smith . Most believe it was written by Hume himself, in an attempt to popularise the Treatise . In The Philosophical Quarterly in 1976, and again in Hume Studies 1991, J. O. Nelson challenged the received view that Hume wrote the Abstract , arguing that Adam Smith wrote it. His case depends on the identity of the Mr Smith referred to in a letter of 4 March, 1740 from Hume at Ninewells to Francis Hutcheson philosopher Francis Hutcheson at Glasgow. My Bookseller has sent to Mr Smith a Copy of my Book, which I hope he has receiv d, as well as your Letter. I have not yet heard what he has done with the Abstract. Perhaps you have. I have got it printed in London but not in the Works of the Learned there having been an article with regard to my Book, somewhat abusive, printed in that Work, before I sent up the Abstract? John Maynard Keynes Keynes and Piero Sraffa Sraffa argued that the Mr Smith was John Smith, Hutcheson s Dublin publisher, and that Hume wrote the Abstract as all the internal evidence suggests . Norman Kemp Smith , in a review of the Keynes and Sraffa edition, also accepted this, as well as pointing out the entry on Hume in Watkins Biographical Dictionary attributing authorship of the Abstract to Hume, suggesting ..., no. 1 April 1991 83 86. John O. Nelson, Has the Authorship of An Abstract of a Treatise of Human ..., A Treatise of Human Nature, &c. Wherein the Chief Argument of that Book is farther Illustrated ... v19n1.pdf . DEFAULTSORT Treatise of Human Nature Category 1740 books Category Books by David Hume ... more details
citations missing article date July 2007 The Sister Catherine Treatise lang de Daz ist Swester Katrei Meister Eckehartes Tohter von Straezburc is a work of Medieval Christian mysticism seen as representative of the Heresy of the Free Spirit of the thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries in Europe. Wrongly attributed to Christian mystic Meister Eckhart it nevertheless shows the influence of his ideas as evinced by the full German title , or at least the ideas which he was accused or attributed as having had by the Inquisition . Mystical dialogue The Sister Catherine Treatise takes the form of a series of dialogues between a woman Sister Catherine and her Confessor not named but sometimes said to be Eckhart . Sister Catherine is determined to find the shortest way to God and comes to her Confessor for advice. In the first section her Confessor urges her to rebuke sin and seek purity so as to receive God. She leaves with the intention of doing so. Years later Sister Catherine returns to speak again to her Confessor, but this time the roles are reversed. Sister Catherine has experienced God and, after falling seemingly dead for three days in imitation of Christ , reawakens to claim that she has achieved a unity with God which is eternal and which will last throughout this life and beyond. Sister Catherine is presented as having gone further down the road of spiritual development to her ... can carry. Sister Catherine Treatise Trans Elvira Borgstaedt. Paulist Press 1986 The rest of the treatise ... and unreality of Union with God i.e. what true Union is as opposed to false Union. Here the treatise ... to commit sinful and or immoral acts. The treatise finishes with Sister Catherine abjuring the Confessor ... The Sister Catherine Treatise is often cited, along with Marguerite Porete s The Mirror of Simple ... Eckhart was accused of adhering to. Written in a heightened emotional prose which gives the Treatise ... period known as the Heresy of the Free Spirit . The treatise is the only currently known medieval ... more details
Infobox book title A Treatise of Human Nature author David Hume pub date 1739 pages 368 A Treatise of Human Nature is a book by Scotland Scottish philosopher David Hume , first published in 1739 1740. The full title of the Treatise is A Treatise of Human Nature Being an Attempt to introduce the experimental ... ideas, justice, obligations, benevolence. Background Hume began writing A Treatise of Human Nature ... the Treatise to be Hume s most important work and one of the most important books in the history of philosophy ... the lack of public reaction to the publication of the Treatise by writing that the book fell ... the Treatise met with success and, if so, to complete it with books devoted to morals, politics, and criticism ... of morals , politics , and criticism which will compleat this Treatise of human nature . blockquote ref It did not meet with success, and so was not completed. After deciding that the Treatise had ..., but was somewhat more so than the Treatise . He later also cast anew Book 3 of the Treatise as An Enquiry ... . ref The Treatise is now in the public domain . Books 1 and 2 were originally published in 1739, while Book 3 was published in 1740. ref Norton, David Fate 2000 Editor s Introduction, A Treatise of Human ... used on this page is explained at m Cite Cite.php . reflist External links Wikisource Treatise of Human Nature gutenberg no 4705 name A Treatise of Human Nature http etext.library.adelaide.edu.au h hume david h92t A Treatise of Human Nature , web edition published by http etext.library.adelaide.edu.au eBooks Adelaide http librivox.org treatise of human nature vol 1 by david hume A Treatise ... f hume.html A Treatise of Human Nature Jonathan Bennett s reformatted and annotated ... Treatise Of Human Nature, A Category 1739 books Category Books by David Hume Category Ethics ... fr Trait de la nature humaine is A Treatise of Human Nature it Trattato sulla natura umana lb Treatise of Human Nature ja pt Tratado da Natureza Humana fi A Treatise of Human Nature ... more details
Image KathedraleToledo.jpg thumb 200px right Garcia of Toledo is thought to have been a Canon priest canon at the Cathedral of Toledo in the late 11th century. The Treatise of Garcia of Toledo , also known as Tractatus Garsiae Tholetani canonici de Albino et Rufino or The Translation of the Relics of Saints Gold and Silver , was an 11th century treatise directed against the corruption of the Roman curia . ref Mikhail Bakhtin , Rabelais and His World . Translated by H l ne Iswolsky Indianapolis Indiana University Press, 1984 , 290. ref Describing the continuous feasting of the Pope , his Cardinal Catholicism cardinals , and his curia, the Treatise is essentially a satire satirical description of the actual historical visit of Bernard of Toledo Bernard de Sedirac , Archbishop of Toledo , to Rome in May 1099. ref Paul N. Morris, Roasting the Pig A Vision of Cluny, Cockaigne and the Treatise of Garcia of Toledo Dissertation.com, 2007 , 4. ref In the Treatise , Bernard de Sedirac, thinly disguised as the churchman Grimoard, travels to Rome to offer to Urban II the relic s of Saint s Albinus and Rufinus in exchange for the Papal legate legateship of Aquitaine . Albinus and Rufinus are not saints at all, but silver and gold , respectively a medieval joke for bribery . ref Paul N. Morris, Roasting the Pig A Vision of Cluny, Cockaigne and the Treatise of Garcia of Toledo Dissertation.com, 2007 , 3. ref In a parody of the litany , the Pope drinks to all and to everything, and the author transforms the pope and his cardinals into insatiable, bulbous gluttony gluttons capable of the most astounding feats of dissipation So, when this fattest of popes had tasted three or four draughts, as though by necessity, the cardinals emptied the bowl after him... Then once again Dionysus Bacchus filled the golden bowl ref Rodney M. Thomson ed. , Tractatus Garsiae, or The Translation of the Relics of SS. Gold and Silver Leiden E.J. Brill, 1973 , 19. ref The authorship of this Anticlericalism ... more details
Old Norse topics The First Grammatical Treatise lang is Fyrsta M lfr iritger in ref name FirstTrEtext http etext.old.no gramm The First Grammatical Treatise digital reproduction at Old Norse etexts. ref is a 12th century work on the phonology of the Old Norse or Old Icelandic language. It was given this name because it is the first of four grammatical works bound in the Icelandic manuscript Codex Wormianus . The anonymous author is today often referred to as the First Grammarian . ref Robins, p. 82 ref The First Grammatical Treatise was of great interest to some mid 20th century linguists, since it systematically used the technique of minimal pair s to establish the inventory of distinctive sounds or phoneme s in the Icelandic language, ref Haugen, 1950 1st. edition , p. 8 ref in a manner reminiscent of the methods of structuralism structural linguistics . ref Benediktsson, 1972, p. 35 ref It is also notable for revealing the existence of a whole series of nasal vowel phonemes, whose presence in the Icelandic language of the time would otherwise be unknown. Significance This work is one of the earliest written works in Icelandic and in any North Germanic language . It is a linguistic work dealing with Old Norse , in the tradition of Latin and Greek grammatical treatises, generally dated to the mid 12th century. Hreinn Benediktsson ref Hreinn Benediktsson, p. 22 33 ref was not able to narrow the time of writing more precisely than to 1125 1175. The Treatise is important for the study of Old Norse, as it is a major text showing the state of the language just prior to the writing ..., this replaces the dot. ref group note First Grammatical Treatise far, f r r mr, r mr ref Small ... Gamlason ref Editions First Grammatical Treatise The Earliest Germanic Phonology. An Edition, Translation ... Treatise Introduction, Text, Notes, Translation, Vocabulary, Facsimiles , ed. by Hreinn Benediktsson ... reflist refbegin Einar Haugen , 1950 , The First Grammatical Treatise The earliest Germanic Phonology ... more details
A Treatise on White Magic is a book by Alice Bailey . It is considered to be among the most important by students of her writings, as it is less abstract than most, and deals with many important subjects of her works in an introductory, even programmatic fashion. It was first published in 1934 with the subtitle The Way of the Disciple . She promulgated Magic paranormal White Magic as a discipline to serve humanity. It is a fun esoteric text, which Bailey said was dictated telepathically by the Tibet an Master, Djwal Khul . It is offered as a basic textbook for the Western aspirant to initiation, and is divided into fifteen rules of magic paranormal magic , each one taking the reader further into the mysteries of spirituality . Topics discussed include how an aspirant can best prepare himself for service, the various Seven Rays ray types of their influences, the relationship between the macrocosm and Macrocosm and microcosm microcosm , the spiritual, causal, astral and physical realms and their interactions, the spiritual psychology of man although this is dealt with much more fully in the Esoteric Psychology volumes , The Hierarchy of Masters, esoteric groups and schools, the spiritual centres or chakra s , the occult concept of the Seven Rays , meditation work and much more. One of the main themes is that of soul control . Ultimate purpose of White Magic Students of the works of Alice A. Bailey and Theosophy believe that the ultimate purpose of White Magic is furtherance of the spiritual and material evolution of humanity. Specifically, this evolution is conceived in terms of the increased benevolent manifestation of seven spiritual energies or Seven Rays In Theosophy Seven Rays . It is further believed that adept practitioners of Magic paranormal White Magic , wielding ... with selfishness. See also Djwhal Khul Further reading Bailey, Alice A. A Treatise on White Magic ... The Theosophical Publishing House. DEFAULTSORT Treatise on White Magic, A Category Occult books ... more details
Refimprove date September 2010 The Treatise of the Three Impostors De Tribus Impostoribus is the name for a probably mythical work supposedly denying all three Abrahamic religions Christ, Moses and Muhammed. The existence of such a book, and the attribution of its authorship to various heretics and political enemies was a running theme from the 11th Century to the 18th when hoaxes in Germany and France produced two physical books. The myth of the Treatise of the Three Impostors 1239 Gregory IX ascribes such a work to Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor . c.1250 Thomas de Cantimpr ascribes such a work to Simon de Tournai fl. 1184 1200. 1543 Thomas Browne ascribes authorship of such a work to Bernardino Ochino . Authorship of such a book is also laid at the door of various Jewish and Muslim writers. ref http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 2163&letter A Averroes ref De imposturis religionum De imposturis religionum was an anonymous attack, possibly Jewish or Muslim, on Christianity published in 1598, but dated earlier by G. Bartsch. It became known in the auctioning in 1716 of the library of the Greifswald theologian Johann Friedrich Mayer . To this text the Jurist Johannes Joachim M ller 1633 1733 wrote the two missing parts against Moses and Muhammed, and the finished work appeared 1753 as De Tribus Impostoribus . Trait sur les trois imposteurs The first printing of Trait sur les trois imposteurs was accredited to the printer M.M. Rey, but may have existed in manuscript form for some time before it was published. The first trace we have of it as a manuscript comes from a letter to Prosper Marchand from his old friend, Fritsch. He reminds Marchand about how another friend, Charles Levier, got the manuscript of the treatise from the library of Benjamin Furly in 1711 ... a response to the hoax treatise entitled p tre l Auteur du Livre des Trois Imposteurs , which ... down the page from the Encyclop dia Britannica DEFAULTSORT Treatise Of The Three Impostors Category ... more details
The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology or TIP published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi authored work of some 50 volume s, written by more than 300 paleontologist s, and covering every Scientific classification phylum, class, order, family , and genus of fossil and Extant taxon extant still living invertebrate animals. The prehistoric invertebrates are described as to their taxonomy , morphology biology morphology , paleoecology , stratigraphy stratigraphic and Paleogeography paleogeographic range. However, genera with no fossil record whatsoever have just a very brief listing. Publication of the decades long Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology is a work in progress and therefore it is not yet complete For example, there is no volume yet published regarding the post Paleozoic era Caenogastropoda caenogastropods a mollusca ... of the Treatise are revised. Evolution of the project Raymond C. Moore , the project s founder and first editing editor , originally envisioned this Treatise in invertebrate paleontology as comprising ... became apparent. So several senior editors of the Treatise started major research programs to fill ... volume regarding the brachiopods number five was published in 2006. Until 2007, the editor of the Treatise ..., Kansas. Layout of the articles From the beginning, the character of the Treatise volumes has ..., Lalicker and Fischer 1953 . Following their lead, the Treatise includes in a typical article a a description ... volumes , each accompanied by an appropriate reference for that genus. Furthermore, each Treatise article .... ISBN 08137 30287. External links http www.ku.edu paleo treatise.html Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology ... B. last2 Kummel first3 C.W. last3 Wright series Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Mollusca ... Press location Lawrence, Kansas year 1957 Ladd, Harry S. , editor, 1957 1971 , Treatise on Ecology ... , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology , Volumes A through W . Boulder, Colorado Geological ... more details
Gnosticism Second Treatise of the Great Seth is an apocryphal Gnostic writing discovered in the Codex VII of the Nag Hammadi Codices and dates to around the third century. The author is unknown and the Seth referenced in the title appears nowhere in the text. Instead Seth is thought to reference the third son of Adam and Eve to whom it gnosis was first revealed according to some gnostics. The author appears to belong to a group of gnostics who maintain that Christ was not crucified on the cross. Instead the text says that Simon of Cyrene was mistaken for Jesus and crucified in his place. Jesus is described as standing by and laughing at their ignorance. Those who believe Jesus to have died on the cross are said to believe in a doctrine of a dead man. All those without gnosis including those who had what would become orthodox beliefs, as well as the figures of Adam, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, David, Solomon, the prophets, and Moses are all referred to as a laughingstock. The text shows the derision which the gnostics felt towards those who did not realize the truth that the biblical text was false in at least certain important respects and that the God of the Jews was not the true God. Only the gnostics have access to the truth. Some Gnostics believed Christ was not a man but a docetistic spirit, and therefore could not die. From the translation by Roger A. Bullard and Joseph A. Gibbons For my death, which they think happened, happened to them in their error and blindness, since they nailed their man unto their death...It was another, their father, who drank the gall and the vinegar it was not I. They struck me with the reed it was another, Simon, who bore the cross on his shoulder .... Christ as purported narrator The Treatise of the Great Seth is written from the first person perspective ... 2seth.html The Second Treatise of the Great Seth , Translation by Roger A. Bullard and Joseph A. Gibbons ... Treatise of the Great Seth Category Apocalyptic literature manuscript stub it Secondo trattato ... more details
Chinese t s p K iyu n Zh nj ng The Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era is a Chinese language Chinese astrology encyclopedia compiled by the lead editor Gautama Siddha and numerous scholars from 714 to 724 AD during the Kaiyuan era of Tang Dynasty . The compilation is attributed to the author by 729. ref Whitfield, Susan. 2004 2004 . The Silk Road Trade, Travel, War and Faith. British Library Staff. Serindia Publications, Inc. ISBN 1932476121 ref Its full title is regarded as the Great Tang Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era . It is also referred to as the Kaiyuan Star Observations . ref name Deng Deng, Yinke. 2005 2005 . Chinese Ancient Inventions. ISBN 7508508378 ref The book The book is divided into 120 volumes and consisted of about 600,000 words. The compilation of writings had based on many previously astrological and divination materials, and probably a similar classic known as the Yisizhan , compiled by Li Chunfeng approximately in 645. It incorporated many fragments works, including the star catalogues of Shi Shen and Gan De , and contained a translated version of Navagraha calendar under the chapter of 104. The astronomical Aryabhata s sine table table of Trigonometric functions sines by the Indian mathematics Indian mathematician and Indian astronomy astronomer , Aryabhata , were also translated into the Kaiyuan Zhanjing . ref name needham volume 3 109 Needham, Volume 3, 109. ref The manuscript had started to fade away in copies since the 10th century, but was over again received a special attention by scholar Cheng Mingshan in 1616 and was later included in the Siku Quanshu collections of the 18th century. Notes reflist References cite book author Bai Shouyi et al. title A Comprehensive History of China vol. 10 publisher Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe location Shanghai year 1989 pages 2,008 2,009 isbn 7 208 04997 1 cite book author Liu Shaojun title Studies of the Chinese Mystical Cutlure Series Comment and Review on the Ancient Astrology publisher ... more details
A Treatise of Civil Power was published by John Milton in February 1659. The work argues over the definition and nature of heresy and free thought, and Milton tries to convince the new English Parliament to further his cause. Background A Treatise of Civil Power in Ecclesiastical Causes was published in February 1659 after Richard Cromwell established a new Parliament. Milton addresses the tract to Cromwell and Parliament because he was afraid of the various positions of the Interregnum government that promoted intolerance and limited the free speech of individuals like Milton himself . ref Shawcross 1993 p. 172 ref Tract Although Milton knew that the word heresy was used as a pejorative, Milton believed that the term was properly defined ref Mueller 1998 pp. 21 38 ref as only the choise or following of any opinion good or bad in religion or any other learning . ref name Milton p. 246 Milton 1974 p. 246 ref Furthermore, he argues that a man is only moved by the inward perswasive motions of his spirit . ref Achinstein 2003 p. 421 ref The text is primarily concerned about the covenants formed between men and of agreements ref Shawcross 1993 p. 129 ref Let who so will interpret or determine, so it be according to true church which is exercis d on them only who have willingly joined themselves in that covnant of union . ref name Milton p. 246 Themes Milton believed that an individual s conscience was more important than any external factors or forces. ref Keeble 2003 p. 129 ref He uses heresy in a neutral manner in order to place the concept as an obligation of true Christians. ref Rumrich 2003 p. 151 ref The work, according to John Shawcross, is like other of his later works in that it contains A fusion of submission and revolution . ref Shawcross 1993 p. 240 ref Thomas Corns believes the language of the text is subdued compared and contains little of the powers of language found within Milton s earlier prose. ref Corns 2003 p. 92 ref Notes reflist References Achinstein ... more details
lutheranism The cite Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope cite 1537 Latin , cite Tractatus de Potestate et Primatu Papae cite , cite The Tractate cite for short, is the seventh Lutheranism Lutheran creed credal document of the Book of Concord . Philip Melanchthon , its author, completed it on February 17, 1537 during the assembly of princes and theologians in Schmalkalden Smalcald . The cite Tractate cite was ratified and subscribed by this assembly as an appendix to the Augsburg Confession , which did not have a specific article dealing with the office of the papacy . Defining their stance on the papacy was deemed important by the Lutherans as they faced the impending ecumenical council church council that would ultimately meet as the Council of Trent . The cite Tractate cite historically was considered part of Luther s Smalcald Articles because both documents came out of the Smalcald assembly and the cite The Tractate cite was placed after the Smalcald Articles in the Book of Concord . Philipp Melanchthon Melanchthon used much the same rhetorical style in cite The Tractate cite as he did in the cite Apology of the Augsburg Confession cite 1531 both were originally written in Latin . Philipp Melanchthon Melanchthon used biblical and patristic material to present and support three main points 1 the pope is not head of the Christian Church and superior to all other bishops by divine right de iure divino , 2 the pope and bishops do not hold civil authority by divine right, 3 the claim of the Bull Unam sanctam 1302 that obedience to the pope is necessary for salvation is invalid since it contradicts the doctrine of Sola fide justification by faith . Martin Luther Luther s position that the claims of the pope papacy undermine the Gospel is set forth in this treatise as the position of the Lutheranism Lutheran laity and clergy, and it achieved confessional or symbolic .... External links http bookofconcord.org treatise.html Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope ... more details
Baptist The Treatise on the Faith and Practice of the Free Will Baptists was adopted in 1935 at Nashville, Tennessee as representatives from the two largest groups of Free Will Baptist Church Free Will Baptists merged to form the National Association of Free Will Baptists ref http nafwb.org fwb A brief history of Free Will Baptists . National Association of Free Will Baptists. Retrieved on 2012 02 15. ref . The treatise sets forth the basic doctrines and describes the faith and practices that have distinguished Free Will Baptists since the early eighteenth century. Church government in the association begins and ends at the congregational level. Local congregations voluntarily join local, state and national associations in order to facilitate cooperation in such endeavors as missions, supporting association colleges, and new church planting. The Treatise, therefore, is not binding as such, on the member congregations, but rather the opposite is true. The Treatise describes the common beliefs and practices that bind the churches and most churches are expected to adopt the Treatise as a Church Covenant. Notes and references Reflist External links http www.reformedreader.org ccc tfwb.htm Treatise of the Faith and Practices of the Free Will Baptists DEFAULTSORT Treatise On The Faith And Practice Of The Free Will Baptists Category Free Will Baptists Category History of Christianity in the United States Category Christian confessions, creeds and statements of faith Christian book stub ... more details
italic title Image Berkeley1 1.jpg thumb 160px Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge wikisourcepar A Treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge Commonly called Treatise when referring to Berkeley s works is a 1710 work by Anglo Irish Empiricist philosopher George Berkeley . This book largely seeks to refute the claims made by his contemporary John Locke about the nature of human perception. Whilst, like all the Empiricist philosophers, both Locke and Berkeley agreed that we were having experiences, regardless of whether material objects exist or not. The world which caused the ideas one has within one s mind, Berkeley sought to prove that the outside world was also composed solely of ideas. Berkeley did this by suggesting that Ideas can only resemble Ideas the mental ideas that we possessed could only resemble other ideas not physical objects and thus the external world consisted not of physical form, but rather of ideas. This world was given logic and regularity by some other force, which Berkeley concluded was God . Content Introduction Berkeley declared that his intention was to make an inquiry into the First Principles of Human Knowledge in order to discover the principles that have led to doubt, uncertainty, absurdity, and contradiction in philosophy. In order to prepare the reader, he discussed ... to be perceived Berkeley began his treatise by asserting that existence is the state of being perceived ... s Immaterialism. A Commentary on His A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge trans ... first1 George last2 Turbayne first2 Colin Murray authorlink2 Colin Murray Turbayne title A Treatise ... modified for easier reading http librivox.org berkeleys treatise Free audio download of A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, Part 1 , from LibriVox DEFAULTSORT Treatise Concerning ... Humano fi Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge ... more details
The Treatise on the Two Entrances and Four Practices Chinese Erh ju ssu hsing Japanese Niny shigy ron is a Buddhism Buddhist text attributed to Bodhidharma , the traditional founder of Zen Chan Japanese Zen Buddhism. History The text, sometimes referred to simply as The Two Entrances , was first used in 6th century CE by a group of wandering monks in Northern China specializing in meditation who looked to Bodhidharma as their spiritual forebearer. Though this text was originally attributed to Bodhidharma, a great deal of material was added to it, probably around the 8th century, by the monks or perhaps other anonymous groups. The work, along with T an Lun s biography of Bodhidharma and other newly discovered manuscripts, was recompiled by a Japanese Zen practitioner, Suzuki Daisetsu, in 1935. Teachings The two entrances referred to in the title are the entrance of principle and the entrance of practice . The former refers to enlightenment through study of the teachings while the latter deals with enlightenment through different practices. In the section on the latter, the four practices are listed as being at the core of Bodhidharma s teaching. These are the practice of retribution of enmity, the practice of acceptance of circumstances, the practice of the absence of craving, and the practice of accordance with the Dharma. Structure The format of the text is that of a collection of the master s teaching as collected by his students. There are two entrances listed, one abstract and one concrete. In other words, the text list two different ways of achieving enlightenment, one based on inward reflection the entrance of principle and one based on outward action the entrance of practice . The bimodal structure of this treatise was frequently copied and became typical in early Chan Buddhism. References Daily Zen Journal, Issue 6 http www.dailyzen.com zen zen reading6.asp Dumoulin, Heinrich. Early Chinese Zen Reexamined pdf http www.nanzan u.ac.jp SHUBUNKEN publications ... more details
A flora is a book or other work which describes the plant species occurring in an area or time period, often with the aim of allowing identification. Some classic and modern floras are listed below. Traditionally floras are books, but some are now published on CD ROM or website s. The area that a flora covers can be either geographically or politically defined. Floras usually require some specialist botanical knowledge to use with any effectiveness. A flora often contains diagnostic keys. Often these are identification key dichotomous keys , which require the user to repeatedly examine a plant, and decide which one of two alternatives given in the flora best applies to the plant. Flora treatises produced at a local or regional level rarely contain identification keys. Instead they aim to impart more detailed understanding of the local status and distribution of that area s plants. Maps showing species distribution may be included, and nowadays are computer generated from biological database s. Specific reference may be made to new arrivals and historic records in order to impart understanding of the changes in an area s vegetation over time. Classic floras Europe Flora Londinensis , William Curtis . England 1777 1798 Flora Graeca , John Sibthorp . England 1806 1840 Flora Danica , Simon Paulli. Denmark , 1847. Flora Jenensis , Heinrich Bernhard Rupp Germany , 1718. Flora Scorer , Paolo Di Canio. 1723. Flora Suecica , Carolus Linnaeus . 1745. India Hortus indicus malabaricus , Hendrik van Rheede 1683 1703 Indonesia Flora Javae , Carl Ludwig Blume and Joanne Baptista Fischer. 1828. Modern floras Americas Caribbean Britton, N. L., and Percy Wilson. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands &mdash Volume V, Part 1 Botany of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands Pandanales to Thymeleales . New York City New York New York Academy of Sciences, 1924. Central & South America http florabrasiliensis.cria.org.br Flora Brasiliensis http www.ibot.sp.gov.br PESQUISA floras ... more details
Tractate signifies a treatise see Treatise Noteworthy treatises . Latin Tractatus appears in numerous titles see Tractatus disambiguation . Hebrew tractates are sections of the Talmud dealing with specific subjects see Mishnah . dab ... more details
Enchiriadis may refer to Musica enchiriadis Music Manual , a 9th century music theory treatise Scolica enchiriadis Commentary on the Manual , an extension of the above treatise dab ... more details
Bharatanatyashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on drama, dance and music of Bharatvarsha, that is, India. The treatise is believed to be written between 100 and 300 by a sage named Bharata not to be confused with Emperor Bharata king Bharata . Bharata is credited with codifying the theory of Indian dance and drama, and is regards as the first such critic of the Indian subcontinent. His encyclopedic treatise expands on poetics, drama, dance, music, and elements of aesthetics. References Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend ISBN 0 500 51088 1 by Anna Dallapiccola Hindu philo stub Category Hindu philosophy ... more details
Paragone lang it paragone , meaning comparison , is a debate from the Italian Renaissance in which one form of art architecture, sculpture or painting is championed as superior to all others. Leonardo da Vinci s A Treatise on Painting treatise on painting , noting the difficulty of painting and supremacy of sight, is a noted example. Michelangelo s treatise on the superiority of sculpture is a famous response to Leonardo s treatise. External links http www.britannica.com eb article 59784 Leonardo da Vinci Science of Painting at Encyclop dia Britannica online Category Aesthetics Category Italian Renaissance art history stub lit stub de Paragone es Paragone pt Paragone ... more details
Louis Maigret may refer to Louis Maigret grammarian , author of the first treatise on the French language 1550 Louis Desir Maigret , Roman Catholic bishop of Honolulu hndis Maigret, Louis ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Iliella spinosa image Iliella spinosa.JPG image width 150px image caption Artist s reconstruction fossil range fossil range Lower Jurassic regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Crustacean Crustacea classis Branchiopoda ordo Kazacharthra familia Ketmeniidae genus Iliella genus authority Chernyshev, 1940 ref name Treatise Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology , Arthropoda, Part Q ref species I. spinosa binomial Iliella spinosa binomial authority Chernyshev, 1940 Iliella spinosa is an extinct species of kazacharthran branchiopod crustacean species from the Lower Jurassic of Kazakhstan . ref name Treatise It had a unique carapace that was shaped like a spiny double oval. ref name Treatise References reflist Category Branchiopoda Category Jurassic crustaceans crustacean stub paleo arthropod stub ... more details
Fleta is a medieval treatise on the common law of England. Fleta may also refer to Fleet Prison by its medieval Latin name Fleta moth Fleta, California , the community in Kern County, California disambig ... more details
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