Dinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene IPAc en icon t r a n a t r t l j . i n TNT , or more specifically, 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene , is a chemical compound with the formula C sub 6 sub H sub 2 sub .... In the final step, the DNT is nitrated to trinitrotoluene or TNT using an anhydrous mixture of nitric ... reaction leading to an explosion. In the laboratory, 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene is produced by a two ... the end of the nitration, the mixture is heated on a steam bath. The trinitrotoluene is separated ... have also been found in animals that ingested or breathed trinitrotoluene. There is evidence that TNT ... Profile for 2,4,6 Trinitrotoluene ref TNT is listed as a possible human carcinogen , with carcinogenic ... term na rel Trinitrotoluene from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s Integrated Risk Information System IRIS within the NLM Hazardous Substances Databank &ndash Trinitrotoluene ref Consumption of TNT .... ref Cite web publisher Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry title 2,4,6 Trinitrotoluene ... is prone to exudation of dinitrotoluene s and other isomers of trinitrotoluene. Even small quantities ... Trinitrotoluena it Trinitrotoluene he TNT lv Trinitrotoluols lb Trinitrotoluol lt TNT hu Trinitrotoluol ... simple Trinitrotoluene sk Trinitrotolu n sl Trinitrotoluen sr sh Trinitrotoluen fi TNT sv Trinitrotoluen tr Trinitrotoluen uk ur Trinitrotoluene vi Trinitrotoluen zh ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 The Webster s test is a qualitative urine test used to detect the presence of trinitrotoluene and its metabolites . ref http www.atsdr.cdc.gov ToxProfiles tp81 c2.pdf ref The test was developed in 1917 by T.A. Webster ref cite journal pmc 2341277 ref in London as a way to test for trinitrotoluene poisoning. A positive test results in a purple color for the acidified urine samples. References references Category Urine tests ... more details
Amatex is a military explosive consisting of 51 ammonium nitrate , 40 Trinitrotoluene TNT , and 9 RDX . ref cite journal isbn 9780851773292 page 100 author John Campbell. year 1985 publisher Conway Maritime Press location London title Naval weapons of World War Two ref Reference Reflist Category Explosives explosive stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 Composition H6 is a castable military explosive compound composed of the following percentages by weight 45 RDX 30 trinitrotoluene TNT 20 Powder substance powdered aluminium 5 paraffin wax as a phlegmatized phlegmatizing agent. Another very similar version of H6 has the following proportions RDX including Nitrocellulose , Calcium Chloride and Calcium Silicate 45.1 , Trinitrotoluene 29.2 , powdered Aluminium 21 and 4.7 paraffin wax & Lecithin . H6 is used in a number of military applications, notably underwater munitions e.g. naval mine s, depth charge s and torpedo es where it has generally replaced torpex , being less shock sensitive and having more stable storage characteristics. It is approximately 1.35 times more powerful than pure TNT. See also Torpex Tritonal Minol explosive Minol explosive stub Category Explosives es H6 fr Composition H6 lt H6 mi inys ja Mark 81 pl H 6 ru Composition H6 sk H6 ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Webster s reagent is a solution of sodium hydroxide and ethyl alcohol used to test surfaces for the presence of Trinitrotoluene TNT and Tetryl explosive compounds. Specifically Webster s reagent responds to the presence of the trinitrophenyl group. Though it is normally used in testing for explosives, presence of other nitrated organic ring compounds such as benzene s and naphthalene s will also give positive Webster reactions. Webster s reagent stock solution is made by saturating absolute ethyl alcohol with pellets of sodium hydroxide. The stock solution is then diluted with a 9 1 ratio of absolute ethyl alcohol. ref cite web url http 72.14.253.104 search?q cache FtIm4lngmQUJ https midas.dac.army.mil dispalt DISPALTSWEBSTERS REAGENT.html websters reagent&hl en&ct clnk&cd 1&gl us&client firefox a title WEBSTER S REAGENT AND MODIFIED WEBSTER S REAGENT FOR EXPLOSIVE TESTING accessdate 2007 07 18 ref Explosives detected by Webster s reagent Trinitrotoluene TNT Comp B Amatol Tetryl Tritonal Pentolite Military dynamite References div class references small references div Category Explosives Category Reagents for organic chemistry ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Julius Bernhard Friedrich Bill Wilbrand August 22, 1839 June 22, 1906 ref Familienarchiv Familie Wilbrand O13, Nr. 139, Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt . ref was a Germany German chemist . Born in Gie en , he discovered trinitrotoluene in 1863, ref http books.google.de books?id qmgTAAAAQAAJ Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie , Bd. 128, 1863, S. 178 179. ref ref G. Carlton Smith TNT. Trinitrotoluenes and Mono and Dinitrotoluenes, Their Manufacture and Properties , New York 1918, S. 17 18. ref but the compound s use as an explosive was not developed until later. In 1863, he made a breakthrough in field of thermo chemistry by inventing trinitrotoluene or TNT which was obtained by the nitration of toluene. In 1860, the Prussian E. Schulz aimed at making an agent siles. But later on he found the procedure to be too complicated. Even then, his finding were useful in the research of propellants in the field of astronautics . References references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Wilbrand, Joseph ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION German chemist DATE OF BIRTH August 22, 1839 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH June 22, 1906 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Wilbrand, Joseph Category 1839 births Category 1906 deaths Category German chemists Germany chemist stub be ca Julius Bernhard Friedrich Adolph Wilbrand de Julius Wilbrand fr Julius Wilbrand pl Julius Wilbrand ru , ... more details
The canary girls were the United Kingdom s trinitrotoluene TNT shell makers of World War I 1914 1918 . The nickname arose because exposure to TNT is toxic, and repeated exposure can turn the skin orange yellow reminiscent of the plumage of the bird, the Domestic Canary canary . ref cite book last Rosser first Sue title Women, science, and myth year 2008 publisher ABC CLIO pages 502 url http books.google.com books?id OB4OgT8OH7sC&dq canary girl world war ii&source gbs navlinks s ref ref http www.newworldencyclopedia.org entry Trinitrotoluene ref Since most men were joining the military, women were required to fill factory jobs formerly occupied by men. The United Kingdom used slogans like National Service or Women s Land Army to encourage young women to join the work force. Factory conditions were often hazardous, and the women worked long hours for low pay. In addition to the skin discolouration, they also reported nausea and skin irritations. As a result, factories began improving ventilation and providing masks. ref BBC http www.bbc.co.uk insideout eastmidlands series2 blast chilwell somme.shtml WARTIME FACTORY DISASTER , January 2005. ref References reflist Category British women in World War I ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 For WebSideStory s HBX tool see WebSideStory . HBX is a family of binary explosive s that are composed of RDX , trinitrotoluene TNT , powdered aluminium , and D 2 wax with calcium chloride . ref cite web url http www.everyspec.com MIL SPECS MIL SPECS MIL E download.php?spec MIL E 22267A.033995.pdf title Spec MIL E 22267A date 31 May 1963 ref ref cite web url http hnsa.org doc ordnance index.htm title U.S. Explosive Ordnance, OP 1664, 1947 ref It is used in missile warheads and underwater ordnance. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Hbx Category Explosives Weapon stub Explosive stub fr Hexolite ja HBX pl HBX vi HBX ... more details
Pentolite is a high explosive used for military and civilian purposes e.g. warheads and booster charges. Military pentolite comprises a mixture of 50 PETN and 50 trinitrotoluene TNT . A 50 50 mixture has a density of 1.65 g cm sup 3 sup and a detonation velocity of 7400 m s. Civilian pentolite sometimes contains a lower percentage of PETN. Civilian pentolite has a detonation velocity of approximately 7,800 metres per second. External links http www.vetrivelexplosives.com sunPenta.htm Additional information re. Pentolite boosters Category Explosives explosive stub ar eo Pentolito ja vi Pentolite ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Nitramex and Nitramon Explosives are compositions of various chemical compound s. They are explosives based on ammonium nitrate and other ingredients such as paraffin wax , aluminum and dinitrotoluene . The binding of these additional ingredients creates a more stable explosive. Nitramex and Nitramon have been replaced by more modern high explosives based on ammonium nitrate such as ANFO . Nitramon A typical nitramon formula contains approximately 92 percent ammonium nitrate, 4 percent dinitrotoluene, and 4 percent paraffin wax. Nitramex Nitramex has much the same formula as nitramon with the addition of trinitrotoluene or TNT. This explosive was used in the removal of Ripple Rock by tunneling and placing large quantities of Nitramex 2H. This is known as one of the largest non nuclear explosions to mankind. Explosive stub DEFAULTSORT Nitramex And Nitramon Explosives Category Explosive chemicals ... more details
The TM 89 is a Russia n anti tank mine first publicly shown in 1993. The mine uses a Misznay Schardin effect warhead capable of producing a 60 mm diameter hole in 100 mm of armour. The mine is fitted with a two channel magnetic influence fuze, and can be laid from the GMZ 3 mine layer or by the VMR 2 helicopter mine layer. Specifications Weight 11.5 kg Diameter 320 mm Height 131 mm Explosive content 6.7 kg of TG 40 60 RDX 40 trinitrotoluene TNT See also Anti tank mine Land mine References Jane s Mines and Mine Clearance 2005 2006. Category Anti tank mines ru 89 tr TM 89 may n ... more details
Picratol is a high explosive mixture, comprising 52 ammonium picrate Explosive D and 48 trinitrotoluene TNT . It has a detonation velocity of approximately 6,972 metres per second. Picratol has no civilian applications. It was exclusively intended for military use and was especially popular during the Second World War . The main advantage of Picratol is its insensitivity to shock. As a result it proved useful as the main explosive filling in armour piercing shells and aerial bombs. Picratol is an obsolete explosive and is therefore unlikely to be encountered, except in the form of legacy munitions and unexploded ordnance . External links http www.wwiibythebook.com index2.htm? USA Ammunition Explosives Picratol.htm&2 Additional information re. Picratol explosive stub Category Explosives pl Picratol ... more details
Ednatol is a yellow high explosive , comprising about 58 ethylenedinitramine aka Haleite or Explosive H and 42 trinitrotoluene TNT . It was developed in the USA circa 1935 and used as a substitute for Composition B in large general purpose and fragmentation bombs. It has a detonation velocity of approximately 7,400 metres per second. Ednatol was also used as Pentolite is used in rockets, grenades and high explosive antitank shells. http wwiibythebook.com index2.htm? USA Ammunition Explosives Ednatol.htm&2 Ednatol was cast in the same manner as amatol . The resulting explosive was stable, non hygroscopic and could be stored for long periods. Ednatol has no civilian applications. It was exclusively intended for military use and was especially popular during the Second World War . It is now an obsolete explosive and therefore unlikely to be encountered, except in of legacy munitions and unexploded ordnance . explosive stub Category Explosives lt Ednatolas ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The net explosive quantity NEQ , also known as net explosive content NEC or net explosive weight NEW , of a shipment of munition s, fireworks or similar products is the total mass of the contained explosive explosive substances , without the packaging, casings, bullets etc. It also includes the mass of the trinitrotoluene TNT equivalent of all contained energetic substances. ref http www.dtic.mil doctrine dod dictionary data n 10781.html Net explosive weight , United States Department of Defense DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms , accessed 21 March 2008 ref The NEQ is often stated on shipment containers for safety purposes. References Reflist Category Explosives explosive stub ... more details
The Telamiina 65 77 Track mine model 66, with detonator model 77 is a Finnish Army standard issue anti tank mine . The mine consists of a 9.5 kg 21 lbs charge of Trinitrotoluene TNT . The mine is armed with a pressure detonator set to explode on a weight of 100 kg 220 lbs . The blast effect blows off the tank s track and damages the driving wheel. The mine is also known as the Tellu female name, truncated form of Tellervo . References http www.mil.fi maavoimat kalustoesittely index.dsp?level 70&equipment 124 Category Anti tank mines Weapon stub simple TM 65 77 ... more details
Merge Gigaton Petaton Teraton target TNT equivalent discuss Talk TNT equivalent Merge discussion date June 2011 An exaton is a Units of measurement unit of mass that is equal to 1,000 petaton petatons . It can also used as a unit of energy equivalent to 1 e 18 one billion billion tons of Trinitrotoluene TNT . This latter use is usually restricted to astronomical events such as meteor impacts or large science fiction weapons. See also Petaton Teraton Gigaton TNT equivalent Category Units of energy Category Units of mass measurement stub ... more details
IMX 101 is a high performance insensitive explosive developed by BAE Systems and the United States Army to replace Trinitrotoluene TNT in artillery shells, starting as soon as 2011. ref http www.spacewar.com reports BAE IMX 101 Explosive Approved To Replace TNT In US Army Artillery 999.html BAE IMX 101 Explosive Approved To Replace TNT In US Army Artillery ref ref http www.dtic.mil ndia 2007im em BBriefs 7Wilson.pdf DTIC Background and Introduction to IMX 101, 102 and 103 ref ref http www.dtic.mil ndia 2007im em BBriefs 7Singh.pdf The Application of New IM Explosive Candidates DTIC Online ref ref http www.spacewar.com reports Army Approves Safer Explosive To Replace TNT 999.html Army Approves Safer Explosive To Replace TNT ref See also M107 projectile References Reflist Category Explosives ru IMX 101 ... more details
Infobox Weapon name RG 42 hand grenade image Image RG 42 grenade Navy.jpg 300px caption A cutaway of an RG 42 grenade. origin Soviet Union type Hand grenade Type selection is ranged is explosive 1 Service history service used by wars Production history designer design date manufacturer production date number variants General specifications weight 420 g with fuse length 130 mm with fuse part length crew Ranged weapon specifications cartridge caliber action rate velocity range max range feed sights Explosive specifications diameter 55 mm filling trinitrotoluene TNT filling weight 110 to 120 g detonation delay fuse 3.2 to 4.2 s yield The Soviet Union Soviet RG 42 was a Hand grenade fragmentation grenade originally introduced during World War II as an emergency measure, continuing in use with the USSR and its Warsaw Pact allies in the post war period. It contained about 200 gram s of explosive charge trinitrotoluene TNT in a cylindrical can. The grenade could be thrown about 35 40 meters and has an effective blast radius of around 10 meters. The total weight of the grenade with the fuse was about 500 grams. It used the 3.2 to 4 second UZRGM fuse, also used in the RGD 5 , RG 41 , and F1 grenade Russia F1 grenades . References reflist External links http www.saunalahti.fi junkyard grenades.html Finnish Junkyard See also File RG 42.jpg thumb 200px left RG 42 WWIIUSSRInfWeapons Category Hand grenades of the Soviet Union Category World War II Soviet infantry weapons Category Fragmentation grenades cs Gran t RG 42 pl Granat RG 42 ru 42 sah 42 uk 42 ... more details
Image Tellermine 43 MN 2007.JPG thumb right 300px Tellermine 43 anti tank mine The Tellermine 43 was a Germany German circular steel cased anti tank mine anti tank blast mine used during the Second World War . It was a simplified version of the Tellermine 42 , which enabled simpler production techniques. Between March 1943 and the end of World War II, over 3.6 million Tellermine 43s were produced by Germany. Copies of the mine were produced by several countries including Denmark M 47 , France Model 1948 and Yugoslavia TMM 1 mine TMM 1 . The mine is found in Egypt and Libya ref Jane s Mines and Mine Clearance 2005 2006 ref . Description The casing of the mine is circular, rising towards the center with a large flat pressure plate. A rectangular metal carrying handle is fitted to the side of the mine. The pressure plate sits over the Fuze Munition fuzes fuze well which can hold either a T.Mi.Z.42 shear pin Fuze Munition fuzes fuze or T.Mi.Z.43 ball release fuze. At the bottom of the fuze well is a PETN booster charge, surrounded by the doughnut shaped main charge of trinitrotoluene TNT . The mine has secondary fuze wells on the side and base to enable anti handling device s to be fitted. Additionally, the T.Mi.Z.43 fuze functions as an anti tampering device, detonate detonating the mine if the pressure plate is lifted. The mine can also be fitted with a tilt rod fuze, screwed into to the side fuze well. Specifications Height 102 mm Diameter 318 mm Weight 8.1 kg Explosive content 5.5 kg trinitrotoluene TNT sometimes Amatol Trigger weight 100 to 180 kg References Jane s Mines and Mine Clearance 2005 2006 http www.lonesentry.com manuals tme30 index.html TM E 30 451, Handbook of German Military Forces reflist WWIIGermanMines Category Anti tank mines Category World War II German infantry weapons da Tellermine 43 de Tellermine 43 pl Tellermine 43 ru 43 tr Tellermine 43 ... more details
Refimprove date October 2009 The PP Mi D mine is a Czech Republic Czech copy of the Germany German Second World War Schu mine 42 anti personnel mine . It consists of a simple wooden box with a hinged lid that acts as the trigger mechanism. A slot is cut into the side of the lid which rests on the striker retaining pin. The main charge is a block of cast Trinitrotoluene TNT into which a variety of fuze s may be placed, typically either the RO 1 or an MUV series fuze. The mine is triggered by pressure on the lid forcing the retaining pin out of the striker which then hits the detonator . It can be used with a tripwire connected to the fuze acting as a crude anti handling device. There are also sometimes two holes drilled in the front of the box that accept wooden pins, either to prevent accidental detonation when laying or to increase the operating pressure. The wooden construction of the mine results in a short field life, with the box rotting or splitting preventing the mine from functioning. The mine was deployed in Angola and Namibia during the 1970s and 1980s. Specifications Height With fuze 72 mm Without fuze 59 mm Width 102 mm Length 136 mm Weight 500 g Explosive content 200 g of Trinitrotoluene TNT Sensitivity 1 to 10 kg See also Anti tank mine Land mine Schu mine 42 References http www.cpi.org cpiblog archives 000357.php Clear Path International Category Anti personnel mines Category Weapons of Czechoslovakia tr PP Mi D may n ... more details
The Trauzl lead block test , also called the Trauzl test or just Trauzl , is a test used to measure the explosive strength strength of explosive material s. It was developed by Isidor Trauzl in 1885. The test is performed by loading a 10 gram foil wrapped sample of the explosive into a hole drilled into a lead block with specific dimensions. The hole is then topped up with sand, and the sample is detonated electrically. After detonation, the volume increase of the cavity is measured. The result, given in cm sup 3 sup , is called the Trauzl number of the explosive. The Trauzl test is not useful for some modern higher powered explosives as their power often cracks or otherwise ruptures the lead block, rendering it incapable of containing the volume measuring medium. ref name Lead Block Test for Explosives cite journal last Lepper first Bessie coauthors F. Everett Reed, William E. Gordon title Lead Block Test for Explosives journal Industrial and Engineering Chemistry year 1955 month September volume 47 issue 9 pages 1794 1800 doi 10.1021 ie50549a028 url http pubs.acs.org doi abs 10.1021 ie50549a028 accessdate 08 Aug 2011 ref A variant of the test uses an aluminium block in an effort to reduce participants exposure to Lead poisoning lead related Dangerous goods hazards . Examples File Trauzl lead block test.jpg right 410px Explosive power of chemical explosives by Trauzl number class wikitable sortable class hintergrundfarbe6 Explosive Trauzl rating br cm g Acetone peroxide align center 25 33 RDX RDX C4 Hexogen align center 45 Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine HMTD align center 33 HMX HMX octogen align center 48 Nitroglycerin align center 52 Pentaerythritol tetranitrate align center 52 Trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene TNT align center 30 Notes references Category Explosives engineering explosive stub de Bleiblockausbauchung es Ensayo de Trauzl fr Test de Trauzl it Blocco di Trauzl ja pl Pr ba Trauzla ru vi Th kh i ch ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2008 Minol pronounced mine ol is a military explosive developed by the Admiralty early in the Second World War to augment supplies of Trinitrotoluene TNT and RDX , which were then in short supply. The aluminium component in Minol significantly prolongs the explosive pulse, making it ideal for use in underwater naval weapons e.g. sea mine s for which it was developed depth charge s and torpedo es where munitions with a longer explosive pulse are more destructive than those with high brisance . Minol must not be used in weapons fired from gun barrels e.g. artillery shell s because there is a risk of detonation when subjected to over 250 g force gs of acceleration. Fact date October 2008 Typically, four different Minol formulas were used. All percentages shown are by weight Minol 1 48 trinitrotoluene TNT , 42 ammonium nitrate and 10 powdered aluminium . Minol 2 40 TNT, 40 ammonium nitrate and 20 powdered aluminium. Minol 3 42 TNT, 38 ammonium nitrate and 20 powdered aluminium. Minol 4 40 TNT, 40 ammonium nitrate & potassium nitrate 90 10 and 20 powdered aluminium. Since the 1950s, Minol has gradually been superseded by more modern polymer bonded explosive PBX compositions, due to their superior explosive yield and stable storage characteristics. As a result, Minol is regarded as obsolete . Generally, any Minol filled munitions encountered will be in the form of legacy munitions or unexploded ordnance dating pre 1960s. See also Tritonal Composition H6 Amatol Torpex Hexanite Category Explosives Category British inventions explosive stub lt Minolas ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 For the musical group Tritonal band For the musical interval Tritone Tritonal is a mixture of 80 Trinitrotoluene TNT and 20 aluminium Powder substance powder , used in several types of ordnance such as air dropped bomb s. The aluminium improves the total heat output and hence impulse of the TNT the length of time during which the blast wave is positive. Tritonal is approximately 18 more powerful than TNT alone. The 87 kilogram kg of tritonal in a Mark 82 bomb has the potential to produce approximately 438.98 megajoule MJ of energy if detonated. See also Torpex Composition H6 Minol explosive Minol Category Explosives Weapon stub de Tritonal es Tritonal it Tritonal he lt Tritonalas ja pl Tritonal pt Tritonal ru uk vi Tritonal ... more details
Merge Gigaton Exaton Teraton target TNT equivalent discuss Talk TNT equivalent Merge discussion date June 2011 A petaton is a Units of measurement unit of mass that is equal to 1,000 teraton s. It can also used as a unit of energy equivalent to 1 E 15 one million billion tons of Trinitrotoluene TNT . This latter use is usually restricted to astronomical events such as meteor impacts or large science fiction weapons. The energy released by the explosion of one petaton of TNT, 4.18 E 24 joule s, is equivalent to the energy of an earthquake of magnitude 12 on the Richter Scale , or to the energy of a 60 km rocky meteorite impacting the earth at 25 km s. Citation needed date September 2009 See also Exaton Teraton Gigaton TNT equivalent Category Units of energy Category Units of mass Measurement stub nl Petaton ... more details
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