Original research date January 2009 Infobox language name Tsonga nativename Xitsonga states flag Mozambique ... linguascale&linguacode 99 AUT dc 99 AUT dc incl. varieties 99 AUT dca... br dcg notice IPA The Tsonga or Xitsonga language is spoken in southern Africa by the Tsonga people, also known as the Shangaan . History Probable history of the language. What language s it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. Classification Tsonga belongs to the Bantu languages Bantu branch of the Niger Congo languages . The language of the Tsonga people is wrongly called Xichangana or Shangaan ... provinces. Basically they can be found anywhere in the old Transvaal. Official status Tsonga is an official language in South Africa. Dialects Various dialects of Tsonga are spoken as far north ..., by Northern Ndebele language Ndebele , and so Tsonga now contains click consonants . These words ... , tsw tsv , dzw dzv , sounds which occur throughout the language. Phonology Tsonga has a distinction ... of Bantu languages with a SVO language subject object verb order class wikitable Tsonga English ... of the language being spoken. References Reflist External links interwiki code ts Wiktionary Tsonga ... classified as Zulu but actually Ndwandwe Nguni Ngoni , thus Xichangana is a hybrid of Xitsonga and the language of the Ndwandwe Nguni Ngoni . Tsonga has different variants, some of which are considered different languages by some linguists ref Ethnologue ref e.g. Tsonga, Ndawu, Ronga and Tswa . Geographic distribution File South Africa Tsonga speakers proportion map.svg thumb Geographical distribution ... 80 100 File South Africa Tsonga speakers density map.svg thumb Geographical distribution of Xitsonga in South Africa density of Xitsonga home language speakers. columns col1 legend ffffcc < 1 km ... Tsonga is spoken by about 1,972,000 ref name Census2001 http www.statssa.gov.za publications Report ... era. Tsonga also has two very close relatives Xironga, which is spoken in and about Maputo ... more details
wiktionary Tsonga may refer to Tsongalanguage , a Bantu language spoken in southern Africa Tsonga people , a large group of people living mainly in southern Mozambique Jo Wilfried Tsonga born 1985 , French tennis player disambig surname de Tsonga es Tsonga fr Tsonga pt Tsonga ... more details
br rels African traditional religion , Christianity langs TsongalanguageTsonga , Portuguese language Portuguese , English language English The Tsonga people lang ts VaTsonga inhabit the southern coastal ... Africa. They numbered some 4.6 million in the late 20th century. ref name EB Demographics The Tsonga people speak the Tsongalanguage Xitsonga Although many Tsongas are Christian, many also adhere ... tso Ethnologue entry on Tsongalanguage http www.krugerpark.co.za africa shangaan tsonga.html Shangaan ...ethnic group group VaTsonga image Image Shangaan.jpg 300px Traditional Tsonga Dancing poptime 4.6 million ... name CS Sometimes, the definition of Tsonga is extended to include the closely related Ronga people Ronga and Tswa people s of Mozambique. ref name Jenkins History It is believed that ancestors of the Tsonga ..., Soshangane , established his command over a large Tsonga population in the northern Transvaal ... are known as the Shangaan, or Tsonga Shangaan. Some Tsonga Shangaan trace their ancestry to the Zulu ... South Africa, a Tsonga Shangaan homeland , Gazankulu , was created out of part of northern Transvaal ... an estimated 500,000 people less than half the Tsonga Shangaan population of South Africa ever lived ... urban centers, especially Johannesburg and Pretoria. ref name CS Economy The Tsonga traditional economy ... to find work. ref name EB Culture Tsonga men traditionally attend the initiation school for circumcision called Matlala KaMatlala after which they are regarded as men. The Tsonga people living along ... tech, lo fi electronic dance music. Tsonga electro has been pioneered by South African producer Dog . The Tsonga s are also known for a number of traditional dances such as the xibelani dance . References reflist refs ref name EB http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 607808 TsongaTsonga . Encyclop dia ... 48.htm Tsonga and Venda . South Africa Library of Congress Country Studies A Country Study . Rita ... name Jenkins Orville Boyd Jenkins. http strategyleader.org profiles shangaan.html The Shangaan Tsonga ... more details
Infobox tennis biography name Jo Wilfried Tsonga image Tsonga Australian Open 2009 1.jpg country FRA ... updated April 18, 2012 Jo Wilfried Tsonga IPA fr d o vilf id t s a born Birth date 1985 4 17 ..., and a Republic of the Congo Congolese father, Didier Tsonga Didier , who moved to France in the 1970s ... servlet story RTGAM.20080124.wspttebbutt24 GSStory GlobeSportsOther home?cid al gam mostview title Tsonga continues to soar publisher globesports.com date accessdate 2012 04 23 ref Tsonga is a member ... on February 27, 2012. Tsonga rose to fame by virtue of his performance in the 2008 Australian .... Tsonga eventually lost to the then world no. 3 Novak Djokovic in the final in four sets, after winning the first set, the only set Djokovic dropped during the tournament. Tsonga followed this up ... time and defending champion Roger Federer . Background Tsonga is of mixed ancestry. His father, handball player Didier Tsonga, is Congolese and his mother velyne is French. Jo s father moved to France ... met velyne and they married. Tsonga is nicknamed the Muhammad Ali of Tennis, because of his facial ... Deflated Tsonga given pummeling by Federer , Reuters UK Edition January 29, 2010. Retrieved on 2010 9 3. ref Jo Wilfried Tsonga has a younger brother Enzo who, much like Jo, has been inspired to play ... de Jo Wilfried Tsonga publisher camer sport.be date accessdate 2012 04 23 ref Tsonga and Ga l Monfils .... As a junior, Tsonga reached a ranking of 69 and won the US Open title. He reached 3 other semi finals of junior grand slam events. Marcos Baghdatis was a rival of Tsonga s in the junior stage. Tennis career refimprove section date January 2012 Early career Tsonga had a successful junior ... turning pro in 2004, Tsonga suffered a string of injuries beginning in late 2004, with a herniated ... no. 212 in the world, Tsonga received a wildcard entry into the 2007 Australian Open , where in only ... set, which he went on to win 20 18 . Tsonga forced a tiebreak in the second set as well. However ... more details
On Language was a regular column in the weekly New York Times Magazine on the English language discussing popular etymology , new or unusual usages, and other language related topics. The inaugural column was published on February 18, 1979 and it was a regular popular feature. Many of the columns were collected in books. Columnist and journalist William Safire was one of the most frequent contributors from the inception of the column until Safire s death in 2009. He wrote the inaugural On Language column in 1979. ref http www.nytimes.com 2009 10 11 magazine 11FOB onlanguage t.html New York Times On Language The Maven, Nevermore about Safire s legacy ref starting it with the greeting How do you do. This is a new column about language. In more than 30 years, he contributed more than 1300 installments to the column. Safire was succeeded by Ben Zimmer , who wrote the column until its final edition on February 25, 2011. ref http www.nytimes.com 2011 02 27 magazine 27fob onlanguage t.html New York Times On Language The Future Tense ref About the cancellation of the column, the incoming editor of New York Times Magazine Hugo Lindgren explained this and other changes to the magazine It is mine now. I m in charge. We re going to be doing some significant redesign work, and have a newish magazine by the end of January. The big thing is, I want to create a kind of new identity for the front of the book section. That doesn t mean that everything s being tossed out. We re looking at everything and evaluating what sort of fits. ref http nymag.com daily intel 2010 11 new times magazine editor hugo.html New York Magazine New Times Magazine Editor Hugo Lindgren on His Plans Big Subjects, More T, and the End of The Way We Live Now ref References Reflist External links http topics.nytimes.com topics features magazine columns on language index.html A collection of On Language columns published in The New York Times DEFAULTSORT On Language Category English language Category The New York ... more details
About the properties of language in general other uses Language disambiguation File Lakhovsky Conversation.jpg ... Cuneiform is one of the first known forms of written language , but spoken language is believed to predate writing by tens of thousands of years at least. Language may refer either to the specifically ... of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses ... salient examples, but natural language s can also be based on visual rather than auditory stimulus physiology stimuli , for example in sign language s and written language . Code s and other kinds of constructed language artificially constructed communication systems such as those used for programming language computer programming can also be called languages. A language in this sense is a system ... ultimately from Latin lingua , language, tongue , via Old French . ref name AHD cite encyclopedia title language encyclopedia The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language edition 3rd year 1992 location Boston publisher Houghton Mifflin Company ref When used as a general concept, language .... Language as a communication system is thought to be fundamentally different from and of much ... a finite number of elements. Language is thought to have originated when early hominids first started ... with an increase in brain volume, and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative functions. Language is neurolinguistics processed in many ... Wernicke s area s. Humans language acquisition acquire language through social interaction in early childhood, and children generally speak fluently when they are around three years old. The use of language ... identity , social stratification and for social grooming and entertainment . The word language ... from sequences of words. Languages language change evolve and diversify over time, and the history ... of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The languages ... more details
Infobox language name To nativename states Cameroon , Central African Republic ethnicity speakers none date NA ref e16 familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Mbum Day languages Mbum Day fam4 Mbum languages Mbum fam5 unclassified iso3 toz To is an unclassified Mbum languages Mbum language of northern Cameroon and the Central African Republic . It is only used as a second language , as the secret male initiation language of the Gbaya people Gbaya . References reflist Category Languages of Cameroon Category Adamawa languages Category Initiation languages Cameroon stub ... more details
Infobox Language name Are states Papua New Guinea region Milne Bay Province , tip of Cape Vogel speakers 1,230 familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western fam5 Papuan Tip languages Papuan Tip fam6 Kilivila nowrap Nuclear Papuan Tip fam7 Are Taupota languages Are Taupota fam8 Are languages Are iso3 mwc The Are language is an Austronesian language of the eastern Papua New Guinea n mainland, It s spoken by about 1,230 people. External links ethnologue mwc Category Nuclear Papuan Tip languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea PapuaNewGuinea stub au lang stub fr Are langue hr Are jezik is Are ... more details
Infobox language name Then states CHN region Pingtang County , southern Guizhou speakers 15,000 date 1999 ethnicity familycolor Tai Kadai fam2 Kam Sui languages Kam Sui iso3 tct The Then language also known as Y nghu ng in Chinese alternate spellings T en and Ten is a Kam Sui language spoken in Pingtang County , southern Guizhou . Phonology Yanghuang has 71 consonants total, including those with secondary articulation s. There are a total of 71 rhymes, 9 vowels, and 8 codas Bo 1997 . References Reflist Bo, Wenze. 1997. Yanghuang yu yan jiu A Study of Yanghuang Then . Beijing Zhong yang min zu da xue chu ban she. External links http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian language.php?id 719 Then word list from the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database Tai Kadai languages Category Languages of China Category Kam Sui languages tk lang stub fr T en ... more details
Infobox language name Tswa nativename Xitswa states MOZ speakers 1,200,000 familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Bantu languages Bantu fam6 Southern Bantu languages Southern Bantu fam7 Tswa Ronga languages Tswa Ronga ? iso3 tsc lingua http linguasphere.info ?page linguascale&linguacode 99 AUT da 99 AUT da shi Tswa incl. varieties 99 AUT daa... dae 99 AUT db shi Hlengwe incl. varieties 99 AUT dba... dbb notice IPA Tswa , or XiTswa is a South Eastern Bantu languages Bantu language in Southern Mozambique . Its closest relatives are Ronga and TsongalanguageTsonga , the three forming the Tswa Ronga family of languages. Tswa is mainly spoken in the rural areas west of Inhambane . Its largest dialect, Hlengwe , extends westwards to Southern Zimbabwe . Other dialects include Dzivi , Mhandla and the smaller Nwanati Makwakwa , south of the Hlengwe and the Nzonge Gwambe between the Dzivi and Chopi . According to some estimates, there are just over 1 million BaTswa, but not all can speak the Tswa language. Many Mozambicans, including census officials, often consider it a dialect of Shangaan , another term for Tsonga. Alphabet Tswa uses a variant of the Latin alphabet previously used for Tsonga. It is partly based on those developed by the Portuguese colonists and Methodist missionaries to the region. The first major transliterator for the Tswa language into English was the Englishman J. A. Persson, who consolidated the alphabet for Tswa specifically. center class wikitable align center ... pronounced in various ways, the clicks of Zulu not being native to the Tswa language. There are also ... of grammar Tswa is a Bantu language and thus has a noun class system and verbal system easily recognisable ... word, as in Tsonga and Ronga. Otherwise the paradigm is organised as follows Affirmative ... clause a peculiarity it shares with the Tsonga and Ronga. The xi class, unlike its seeming equivalents ... more details
For the village in Bangladesh Ronga, Bangladesh Infobox language name Ronga states MOZ br South Africa region South of Maputo speakers 722,000 date 2006 familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Southern Bantoid languages Southern Bantoid fam6 Bantu languages Bantu fam7 Southern Bantu languages Southern Bantu fam8 Tswa Ronga languages Tswa Ronga ? iso3 rng lingua http linguasphere.info ?page linguascale&linguacode 99 AUT dd 99 AUT dd br incl. varieties br 99 AUT dda... dde notice IPA Ronga XiRonga sometimes ShiRonga or GiRonga is a South Eastern Bantu languages Bantu language in the Tswa Ronga family spoken just South of Maputo in Mozambique . It extends a little into South Africa . It has about 650,000 speakers in Mozambique and a further 90,000 in South Africa, with dialects including Konde, Putru and Kalanga. The French philologist Junod seems to have been the first linguist to have studied it in the late 19th century. Its alphabet is based on that of TsongalanguageTsonga as provided by Methodism Methodist missionaries and Portuguese Empire Portuguese settlers. class wikitable Methodist alphabet align center align right Letter A B C D E G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z align center align right help IPA Value IPA a IPA b IPA IPA t IPA d IPA e IPA IPA IPA h IPA i IPA d IPA k IPA l IPA m IPA n IPA IPA IPA o IPA p IPA r IPA s IPA IPA t IPA u IPA v IPA w IPA IPA j IPA z IPA class wikitable 1989 alphabet ref http www.bisharat.net A12N MozaSource.htm ref align center Letter A B By Ch D E G H Hl I J K L Lh M N N O P Ps R S Sv Sw T U V Vh W X Xj Y Z Zv Zw align center help IPA Value IPA a IPA b IPA IPA b IPA t IPA d IPA e IPA IPA IPA h ... so close to Tsonga in many ways that census officials often consider it a dialect its noun class ... Click languages Language stub es Xironga fr Ronga pl J zyk ronga pt L ngua ronga uk ... more details
of Aas in the Zezuru who speak a Shona language Shona derived dialect, include articulation so that consonants interrupt the flow of the whistle. A similar language is the TsongalanguageTsonga whistle language used in the highlands in the Southern parts of Mozambique . This should not be confused .... A whistled language is a system of whistled communication which allows fluent whistlers to transmit ... languages tones or vowel formant s of a natural spoken language, as well as aspects of its Intonation linguistics intonation and prosody linguistics prosody , so that trained listeners who speak that language can understand the encoded message. Whistled language is rare compared to spoken language ... phonology carries proportionally less. The genesis of a whistled language has never been recorded ... according to whether the spoken language is Tonal language tonal or not, with the whistling being ... linguistics segmental phonemic distinctions of the spoken language are lost. In non tonal languages ... the whistled sound, much as consonants in spoken language modify the vowel sounds adjacent to them ... name Busnel1976 Different whistling styles may be used in a single language. http www.sil.org mexico ... as absolute, as it depends heavily on various factors including the phonology of the language. For example ... pitch even when spoken, such as Mazatecan languages Mazatec and Yoruba language Yoruba , extensive ... Silbo Gomero language Silbo on the island of La Gomera in the Canary Islands , based on Spanish, is one of the best studied whistled languages. The number of distinctive sounds or phonemes in this language ... , South America M ra Pirah language Pirah , Asia the Chepang of Nepal , and New Guinea . They are especially ... languages as Yoruba language Yoruba and Ewe language Ewe . Even French language French is whistled in some ... as well, whistled speech is men s language although women may understand it, they do not use it. Though whistled languages are not secret code cryptography codes or secret language s with the exception ... more details
language groups, including the Venda language Ven a , TsongalanguageTsonga , Tonga language Mozambique ...style float right valign top Sesotho language Ke a tshepa hore valign e tla sebetsa hantle... Infobox language name Sotho nativename Sesotho pronunciation IPA st s s t states flag Lesotho br flag South ... South Africa agency Pan South African Language Board iso1 st iso2 sot iso3 sot lingua http linguasphere.info ... The Sotho language , also known as Sesotho , Southern Sotho , or Southern Sesotho , ref name schizo ... of the name. ref is a Bantu languages Bantu language spoken primarily in South Africa , where it is one ... language . It is an agglutinative language which uses numerous affixes and derivational ..., below the language infobox Sotho All 8 instances of the hover text match the regular expression ... probable history of the language what form of Bantu it is most closely derived from the coolest ... of any special features of the vocabulary lexicon of the language, including whether it contains ... language , belonging to the Niger Congo languages Niger Congo language family within the Sotho languages ... to other major languages in the Sotho Tswana languages Sotho Tswana language group Tswana language Tswana Setswana , the Northern Sotho language Northern Sotho languages Sesotho sa Leboa , SheKgalagari Kgalagari SheKgalagari and Lozi language Lozi Silozi . Sesotho is, and has always been, the name of the language in the language itself, and this term has come into wider use in English since the 1980s ... or name of the language used by its native speakers as defined by the United Nations . Sotho is the exonym ... violence against women, written in her native Sotho language, at a National Women s Day protest ..., there is no discernible dialect variation in this language. However, one point which seems ... of Lesotho. The Nguni language Phuthi language Phuthi has been heavily influenced by Sotho its ... Sotho as their mother tongue. Additionally, due to being derived from a language or dialect very closely ... more details
, Venda language Venda , TsongalanguageTsonga and Shona language Shona , and also all Khoisan ...Infobox language name Phuthi nativename S ph th or Siphuthi states Lesotho , South Africa region Southern ... IPA needed to represent Sotho language Sotho vowels, subscript commas are used for transcribing ... Nguni Bantu language spoken in southern Lesotho and areas in South Africa adjacent to the same border ... 1999 reference. ref The closest substantial living relative of Phuthi is Swati language Swati ... continuum with Swati language Swati . Phuthi is heavily influenced by the surrounding Sotho language group Sotho and Xhosa language Xhosa languages, but retains a distinct core of lexicon and grammar ... the present Ellenberger 1912 . Until recently, the language has been very poorly documented with respect ... that around 20 000 people in South Africa and Lesotho use Phuthi as their home language, but the actual ... South Africa or Lesotho. The language is certainly endangered. ref Donnelly 1999 114 115. ref Phuthi ... presence absence of Labialisation secondary labialisation . Mpapa and Daliwe Sotho language Sotho ... Phuthi speaking areas all given in Lesotho Sotho language Sotho orthography include Makoloane makolwani and Mosuoe musuwe , near Quthing , in south western Lesotho Seqoto IPA si t Xhosa language ... Moorosi Sotho language Sotho Thaba Moorosi in 1879, after a protracted nine month siege by the British ... language , clearly within the southeastern Zone S cf. Guthrie 1967 1971 . But within southern Africa Phuthi is viewed ambivalently as being either a Nguni languages Nguni or a Sotho language group Sotho Tswana language, given the very high level of hybridity displayed in all subsystems of the grammar ... language Zulu , Xhosa language Xhosa , Ndebele language Ndebele and Swati language Swati &mdash certainly a Nguni languages Nguni language. Thus, it should be numbered in the S.40 group within ... language Swati , Phuthi can be classified uncontroversially as a Tekela languages Tekela Nguni language ... more details
So language may refer to So language Democratic Republic of Congo , a Bantu language S language , a Katuic language Mon Khmer of Laos and Thailand Swo language , a Bantu language of Cameroon disambiguation ... more details
Boro language may refer to Bodo language , a Tibeto Burman language spoken in India, official language of Assam state Boro language Ghana , an extinct and unclassified language of Ghana Boro language Ethiopia , an Omotic language of Ethiopia disambig ko ... more details
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wiktionary target language Target language may refer to Target language, in applied linguistics and language education, the language which a person is learning, also called second language Target language, in translation , the language to which a source text is translated Target language, in computer science, the computer language that a compiler translates into source code See also Source language disambig Category Language acquisition Category Language education Category Translation Category Compilers mk zh ... more details
Lele is the name of four different languages Lele language Chad , an Afro Asiatic language Lele language Democratic Republic of the Congo , a Bantu language Lele language Guinea , a Mande language Lele language Papua New Guinea , an Austronesian language The Ly l language of Burkina Faso also goes by the form Lele . disambig ... more details
Han language may refer to H n language , an endangered Native American language spoken in Eagle, Alaska and Dawson City, Yukon. Chinese language See also Han disambiguation Language disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
selfref For the Wikipedia language recognition chart, see Wikipedia Language recognition chart Language recognition may refer to Language identification Natural language understanding Speech recognition disambiguation ... more details
Language reconstruction can refer to Linguistic reconstruction , establishing the features of a prehistoric language by the methods of historical linguistics historical and comparative linguistics Linguistic purism in an existing languageLanguage revival of an extinct language disambig ... more details
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