Orville William Tuning June 21, 1935 April 18, 1982 http www.sfbooklist.co.uk authorst.html http vitals.rootsweb.ancestry.com ca death search.cgi?surname tuning&given william was an American author of science fiction and a member of the Society for Creative Anachronism SCA . He was reported to be http history.sca caid.org AnnoSocietatisVI.html close friends with authors Jerry Pournelle , Randall Garrett SCA name Randall of Hightower and Robert A. Heinlein . Tuning was closely involved with the founders of the SCA. Among his works was Fuzzy Bones , a posthumous sequel to H. Beam Piper s Little Fuzzy and Fuzzy Sapiens this was written and published before the discovery and subsequent publication of the lost manuscript of Piper s Fuzzies and Other People . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Tuning, William ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH June 21, 1935 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Tuning, William Category Living people Category 1935 births US sf writer stub ... more details
Infobox VG title RPM Tuning image Image RPM Tuning.jpg 256px caption developer Babylon Software publisher Wanadoo Edition series Top Gear video game Top Gear engine released 2004 genre Racing video game Racing modes ratings Vgratings PEGI 12 platforms PlayStation 2 , Microsoft Windows Windows , Xbox media DVD, CD requirements 700 MHz CPU, CD ROM 4X, 256 Mb RAM, Sound card Sound Blaster and compatible, 3D Video Card 32Mo compatible Direct X 9.0 input RPM Tuning also known as Top Gear RPM Tuning is a racing video game released in 2004 and was developed by Babylon Software and published Wanadoo Edition . It is part of the Top Gear video game Top Gear game series. the player assumes the role of Vincent Riker, who is trying to avoid being stopped by the police. Around 100km of Los Angeles has been modelled for the game, including roads and parks. Players can customise their own car with 221,184 possibilities for mechanical parts and 1,382,976 different possibilities for the exterior of the car the number of accidents the car has been in also affects performance. There are 7 gameplays, and 54 different missions. External links http www.microids.com en catalogue 27 rpm tuning.html RPM Tuning at Micro ds Top Gear series Category 2004 video games Category Micro ds games Category PlayStation 2 games Category Racing video games Category Windows games Category Xbox games racing videogame stub it RPM Tuning pl RPM Tuning pt RPM Tuning ... more details
, the smaller the ukulele the more likely it is to be tuned to high 4th tuning, with the soprano ... Yepes Tuning.jpg thumb Narciso Yepes reentrant tuning for the ten string guitar details Ten string ... designed for a specific reentrant tuning invented by Narciso Yepes , now called the Modern tuning ... Cuatro tuning details Cuatro instrument Tuning The Venezuelan cuatro is a small member of the guitar ... , and not all of which have four strings. The traditional tuning is reentrant, but with the reentry ... guitar Image Tenor guitar reentrant tuning.png thumb Tenor guitar reentrant tuning details Tenor guitar Tuning An enormous variety of tunings are used for the four string tenor guitar, including a relatively small number of reentrant tunings. One example of a reentrant tuning for tenor guitar ... four and is normally tuned higher than any of the other four, so technically this is a reentrant tuning ... articles on particular instruments. references DEFAULTSORT Reentrant Tuning Category Musical techniques ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Neuronal tuning refers to the property of brain cells to selectively represent a particular kind of sensory, motor, or cognitive information. For example, an auditory system neuron best responding to the sound of particular frequency is said to be tuned to that frequency. In the visual system, there are neurons tuned to particular objects, for example faces. In the motor system, tuning to movement direction has been described. Neuronal tuning is not necessarily sharp. Rather, it can be quite broad. In the latter case, neuroscientist s often argue that information is represented in distributed manner by neural ensemble s. In an ensemble, individual elements can be weakly tuned, but the ensemble as a whole still encodes the information. One neuron can be tuned to several parameters. Examples include neurons in association areas of cerebral cortex that respond to stimuli of different modality for example, visual stimulation, touch, sound . The field of brain computer interface makes use of such neurons by reading out different kind of information from their firing, for example simultaneous decoding of hand velocity and hand gripping force. In prefrontal cortex , neurons have been described that simultaneously encode information about the orientation of selective visual attention and short term visual memory Attention versus memory in prefrontal cortex . Neurons that are tuned to different signals are often said to integrate information from different sources. In neural networks , such integration is the major principle of operation. DEFAULTSORT Neuronal Tuning Category Neurology Category Motor control fr S lectivit neuronale ... more details
Multiple issues advert May 2008 orphan February 2009 Rieger , full name Rieger Kfz Kunststoffteile, Design und Tuning GmbH , are a Germany German based tuning and body kit bodykit manufacturer. They are based in Eggenfelden . Rieger Tuning was founded by Toni Rieger in a private garage in 1987. Rieger Tuning specializes in the New product development development , Production, costs, and pricing production , and Distribution business distribution of sport vehicle accessories. The main focus being on body styling with the development and distribution of aerodynamic parts for the vehicles of predominantly Europe an manufacture. Since inception Rieger has grown from a one man operation into a Tuning Corporation with a 29 full time employees and approximately 15 part time employees. Rieger Tuning has also expanded its worldwide distribution network during the past few years. The volume of foreign trade is presently over 60 percent of sales. The new corporate headquarters for Rieger Tuning in Germany is located an hours drive east of Munich . A seven bay fully equipped installation facility allows ample opportunity to work out every last detail of fitment so that when they send their products around the world they already have much experience fitting the products themselves which results in comprehensive installation instructions accompanying each product. Something which sets Rieger apart from many car tuning tuning companies is the process of design , production and sale all being completed under the same roof. New ideas are originated by the design and sales teams, deemed feasible or not by the shop team with the final say left to Toni Rieger. After the idea follows the model and tool Manufacturing fabrication , which again is all completed in house. Production of the Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic components is then carried out on the new automatic vacuum thermoforming machine. The pre cut blank of the finished ABS componen ... more details
Nofootnotes article date March 2009 Onesource article date March 2009 In music, standard tuning refers to the typical Musical tuningtuning of a string instrument . This notion is contrary to that of scordatura , i.e. an alternate tuning designated to modify either the timbre or technical capabilities of the desired instrument. Standard tuning in most notable instruments Bowed strings The most popular bowed strings used nowadays belong to the violin family together with their respective standard tunings, they are Violin G3 D4 A4 E5 ascending perfect fifth s, starting from G below middle C Viola C3 G3 D4 A4 strings are tuned a perfect fifth below a violin s standard tuning Cello C2 G2 D3 A3 an octave lower than the viola Double bass E1 A1 D2 G2 ascending perfect fourth s, where the highest sounding open string coincides with the G on a cello . Double bass with a low C extension C1 E1 A1 D2 G2 the same, except for low C, which is a major third below the low E on a standard 4 string double bass Double bass with a fifth string B0 E1 A1 D2 G2 The double bass is sometimes thought to belong in the viol family, for a number of reasons see article . Even so, one can t name standard tunings for other ... right Guitar standard tuning. Image D over F sharp slash chord.png thumb right D F music slash chord ... common Mnemonic device mnemonic devices for standard tuning in low to high order are Eddie Ate Dynamite ... tuning coincides with that of a 4 stringed double bass 5 stringed bass B0 E1 A1 D2 G2 identical to 4 ... a bass guitar. Baritone guitar contemporary versions B1 E2 A2 D3 F 3 B3 a fourth below standard tuning ... tuning is to be explained by overtone s and the tendency of thinner strings to Sympathetic ... violin tuning Mandola C3 G3 D4 A4 same as standard viola tuning Banjo Five string banjo Five stringed ... 5 oclc 254864734 See also List of guitar tunings Musical tuning Scordatura Guitar tunings Category Musical tuning ... more details
Refimprove date March 2009 Image E flat tuning.png thumb right E flat tuning. E music b E Flat tuning or D music tuning is a kind of guitar tuning . It is based on standard guitar tuning, except that all of the strings are lowered by a half step. The result looks like this E music b A music b D music b G music b B music b E music b . The guitar is usually played identically to standard tuning, resulting in a heavier tone without requiring the guitarist to learn different chords or fingering. The tuning has a number of other features attractive to artists. It allows the use of heavier strings without decreasing playability. The tuning is also easier to play with a saxophone accompaniment saxophones are usually tuned to B music b or E music b . It can also be matched with the E music b pentatonic ... was also famous for tuning down a half step, and Stevie Ray Vaughan used it almost exclusively in his electric guitar playing, as well as Slash musician Slash of Guns N Roses fame. The tuning remains .... Former Stratovarius guitarist Timo Tolkki has used the tuning throughout his tenure, as evidenced by his guitarwork in the band. Aaron Lewis uses this tuning or drop D music b while solo or with Staind ... 1998 Alice in Chains most songs, dubbed Standard Alice tuning by Jerry Cantrell Alkaline Trio on recent ... live performances Disturbed DragonForce live performances Enslaved band Enslaved this tuning and drop ... until Domination, where they used B tuning , a variation of E , although Covenant album Covenant ... Sadness . Billy Corgan stated the tuning was used to give the album a darker sound. Staind ... to go to heavier gauge strings. If you re tuned at regular tuning the strings are so tight and don ... have been played with standard E tuning with all songs being transposed one half step up. Van Halen ... live along with tuning the low E music b to D music b References reflist Guitar tunings DEFAULTSORT E Tuning Category Guitar tunings ... more details
Richter tuning is a system of choosing the reeds for a diatonic wind instrument such as a harmonica or accordion . It is named after Joseph Richter, a Bohemian instrument maker who adopted the tuning for his harmonicas the early 19th century and is credited with inventing the blow draw mechanism that allows the harmonica to play different notes when the air is drawn instead of blown. Richter tuning is designed as a compromise between diatonic melody and harmony. The lower portion of the harmonica is designed to play the tonic and dominant chords on the blow and draw respectively in the key of C ... B D G B D F A B D F A B D F A B Variants There have been many variants of Richter tuning. Country tuning Country tuning raises the initial F musical note F by a semitone to an F F music sharp . This primarily ... Compare this to major seventh tuning, below. Harmonic minor tuning Harmonic minor tuning is a variation ... D F A music flat B D F A music flat B D F A music flat B Major seventh tuning Major seventh tuning ... D F music sharp A B Compare this to country tuning, above. Melody Maker tuning Melody Maker tuning raises ... tuning Natural minor tuning is a variation in which E musical note E is replaced by E E music flat ... flat D F A B music flat Paddy Richter tuning Paddy Richter tuning developed by Brendan Power allows ... in mind but is suitable for other melodic music also. The tuning raises the 3 blow by a semitone ... G B E G B D G B D G draw note A D F A C E F A C E above Paddy Richter tuning was checked on a Paddy Richter G Harp using an electronic Chromatic Tuner Richter Extended tuning So called Richter Extended tuning is in fact a significant departure from Richter tuning. In Richter extended tuning, all ... G B D G B D G B D G B See also Augmented tuning Diminished tuning Dorian Cross tuning Scale tuning Solo tuning References Chelminski, Rudolph Harmonicas are hooty, wheezy, twangy and tooty , Smithsonian ... Tuning Category Musical tuning ... more details
Image D flat tuning.png thumb right D flat C sharp tuning. D music b tuning , also called C music sharp tuning, is an alternative guitar tuning . Each string is minor third one and one half steps lower than in standard tuning , or one half step lower than D tuning . The resulting notes can be described as either C F B E G C or more often D G B E A D . Extremely slack, ref name Star Hunter, Dave and F Gibbons, Billy 2010 . Star Guitars 101 Guitars That Rocked the World , page needed date December 2011 . ISBN 9780760338216. ref it is very popular amongst alternative and heavy rock bands because it has a darker and lower pitched sound compared to E standard. Used by All That Remains band All That Remains since Overcome All That Remains album Overcome Architects British band Architects they also drop the low string to G music A music b Amorphis on Tales from the Thousand Lakes Between the Buried and Me Black Sabbath ref Wilkinson, Paul 2007 . Rat Salad Black Sabbath, The Classic Years, 1969 1975 . ISBN 978 0312367237. ref because Tony Iommi had two damaged fingertips ref name Star Bolt Thrower Cannibal Corpse Mummified in Barbed Wire , Disfigured , Absolute Hatred , Eaten from Inside , and Orgasm Through Torture Chevelle on two songs from Wonder What s Next , Comfortable Liar and The Red Children of Bodom on their first album Something Wild album Something Wild Cradle of Filth during their early, death metal Subgenres blackened death metal years Dark Tranquillity Decapitated band Decapitated Down band Down Dying Fetus Eyehategod Godflesh prior to Us and Them Godflesh album Us and Them Judas Priest on Jugulator , Blood Stained , Death Row , Decapitate , and Abductors Kalmah Killswitch Engage Limp Bizkit Machine Head band Machine Head tuned up 40 cents sharp Metallica on Bad Seed from ReLoad . My Dying Bride on all songs except A Doomed Lover , One of Beauty s Daughter s , and The Blue ... Guitar tunings DEFAULTSORT D Flat Tuning Category Guitar tunings ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 Database tuning describes a group of activities used to optimize and homogenize the performance of a database . It usually overlaps with query language query tuning, but refers to design of the database files, selection of the database management system DBMS , operating system and CPU the DBMS runs on. The goal is to maximize use of system resources to perform work as efficiently and rapidly as possible. Most systems are designed to manage work efficiently, but it is possible to greatly improve performance by customizing settings and the configuration for the database and the DBMS being tuned. I O tuning Hardware and Computer software software configuration of disk subsystems are examined Redundant array of independent disks RAID levels and configuration ref cite web url http members.value.com.au christie auug93.htm H1.1 title Performance Tuning for Relational Database Applications accessdate 2008 09 26 ref , Block storage block and stripe size allocation, and the configuration of disks, Expansion card controller cards , storage cabinets, and external storage systems such as a Storage area network SAN . Transaction logs and temporary spaces are heavy consumers of I O, and affect performance for all users of the database. Placing them appropriately is crucial. Frequently Join SQL joined tables and indexes are placed so that as they are requested from file storage, they can be retrieved in parallel from separate disks simultaneously. Frequently accessed tables and indexes are placed on separate disks to balance I O and prevent read queuing. DBMS tuning DBMS tuning refers to tuning of the DBMS and the configuration of the memory and processing resources of the computer running the DBMS. This is typically done through configuring the DBMS, but the resources involved are shared with the host system . Tuning the DBMS can involve setting the recovery ... optimization de Tuning Datenbank ... more details
Performance tuning is the improvement of system Computer performance performance . This is typically a computer application, but the same methods can be applied to economic markets, bureaucracies or other complex systems. The motivation for such activity is called a performance problem, which can be real or anticipated. Most systems will respond to increased Load computing load with some degree of decreasing performance. A system s ability to accept higher load is called scalability , and modifying a system to handle a higher load is synonymous to performance tuning. Systematic tuning follows these steps Assess the problem and establish numeric values that categorize acceptable behavior. Measure the performance of the system before modification. Identify the part of the system that is critical for improving the performance. This is called the bottleneck . Modify that part of the system to remove the bottleneck. Measure the performance of the system after modification. This is an instance of the measure evaluate improve learn cycle from quality assurance . A performance problem may be identified by slow or unresponsive systems. This usually occurs because high system Load computing loading , causing some part of the system to reach a limit in its ability to respond. This limit within the system is referred to as a bottleneck . A handful of techniques are used to improve performance ... tuning. Performance analysis See the main article at Performance analysis Performance analysis, commonly ... construction, including performance tuning. Deployment of the constructed system. Service management ... computing caches . Self tuning main Self tuning A self tuning system is capable of optimizing its own ... tuning systems typically exhibit non linear adaptive control . Self tuning systems have been a hallmark ... article 3255.shtml Tweaking Your System Performance In Windows XP Easy to read guide on tuning computer ... Category Computer hardware tuning Category Network performance ... more details
Virtual tuning , colloquially known as chopping , is the 2D graphical modification of automobiles, with the use of Raster graphics editor raster graphics editing software. Modifications such as aerodynamic body kits, wheels, front mount inter coolers and carbon fibre body panels, are super imposed on a stock image in order to increase its aesthetic appeal. Whilst some designs are realistic in nature, one of the reasons why virtual tuners chop, is to try modifications that may not be possible to produce in real life. ref Chop Shop , Banzai Magazine , Issue 98 2009 ref Virtually tuned cars are the ultimate ... virtual tuning, usually refer to themselves as choppers . For the most part they do it for their own ... of Macedonia Macedonia and Serbia as shown by the existence of a number of virtual tuning forums ... at the world s largest virtual tuning community work country data reference url http www.autemo.com ... Virtual tuning is a relatively new art, gaining popularity since the start of the 21st century. Largely fuelled by progresses in computing in the Information Age digital era , virtual tuning has ... car and automotive tuning companies. When a manufacturer releases speculative artwork of their next ... communities for a number of years. One of the first online forums to feature virtual tuning in some ... in early 2009. This is known to be the first established international virtual tuning community. Since ... Many Virtual tuning websites will host their own competitions on a regular basis. These typically ... simply because they enjoy virtual tuning. However, with the skills built from virtually tuning cars ... once done freelance work for car owners or a design project on Autemo. Some also work for tuning ... April 5, 2010 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Virtual Tuning Category Vehicle modification Category Automotive industry Category Automotive styling features Category DIY culture cs Virtual tuning pt Virtual tuning fi Virtuaalituunaus ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 Social tuning , the process whereby people adopt another person s attitudes, is cited ... their actions. The process of social tuning is particularly powerful in situations where one person wants to be liked or accepted by another person or group. However, social tuning occurs both when people meet for the first time, as well as among people who know each other well. Social tuning occurs ... tuning broadens. Social psychology bases many of its concepts on the belief that a person s self concept is shaped by the people with whom he or she interacts. Social tuning allows people to learn about ... to match those of the people surrounding them through social tuning in order to develop meaningful ... concept. Theoretical approaches Social tuning theory describes the process whereby people adopt ... showed that social tuning tends to be a particularly strong phenomenon when two people want to get ..., A., Hardin, C.D., Lowery, B.S. title Social Tuning of Automatic Racial Attitudes The Role of Affiliative ... as the other. One particular aspect of social tuning, stereotyping , has been a popular theme ... Social Tuning and Domain Relevance Hypothesis . ref name Hardin & Conley, 2001 ref name sicnclair & huntsinger 2006 The first of these, Affiliative Social Tuning Hypothesis, pertains to the idea that certain ... Inequality Empirical approaches One of the most famous experiments demonstrating the social tuning ... the views of others through social tuning when they like that person. This aspect of social tuning ... A similar study by Janetta Lun demonstrates another aspect of social tuning with respect to racism ... title Why do I think what you think ? Epistemic Social Tuning and Implicit Prejudice journal Journal ... in social tuning. ref name Lun janetta 2007 why do I think what you think Lun s experiment suggests the likelihood of social tuning when people seek knowledge on a particular subject. In this case ... through their interactions with others. Lun s experiment reveals how social tuning is a part ... more details
unreferenced date October 2009 Chip tuning refers to changing or modifying an EPROM chip in a car s or other vehicle s electronic control unit ECU to achieve better performance, whether it be more power, cleaner emissions, or better Fuel efficiency fuel economy . This makes use of the engine manufacturer to generally use a conservative ECU map to allow for individual engine variations as well as infrequent servicing and poor quality fuel. Vehicles with a remapped ECU may be more sensitive to fuel quality and service schedules. This was done with early engine computer s in the 1980s and 1990s. Today, the term chip tuning can be misleading, as people will often use it to describe ECU tuning that does not involve swapping the chip. Modern ECUs can be tuned by simply updating their software through a standard interface, such as On Board Diagnostics OBDII . This procedure is commonly referred to as engine or ECU tuning. ECUs are a relatively recent addition to the automobile, having first appeared in the late 1970s. As technology advanced, so did the electronics that go into cars. The ECU in a modern automobile, together with advanced engine technology, makes it possible to control many aspects of the engine s operation, such as spark timing and fuel injection . The ECU may also control electronic throttle control drive by wire , poppet valve valve timing, boost control in turbocharger turbocharged engines , Anti lock braking system ABS , the automatic transmission automatic Transmission mechanics transmission , speed governor if equipped , and the Electronic Stability Control electronic ..., often known as a tuning box. The abilities of the external devices generally reflect on board .... Adding an external tuning box is generally only possible on modern engines with external management ports. See also Engine tuning Elnec External links http auto.howstuffworks.com car computer.htm HowStuffWorks article on car computers Category Vehicle modification de Chiptuning fr Chip tuning ... more details
Image Peg in box.jpg thumb Violin pegbox , retouched image A tuning peg is used to hold a Vibrating string string in the pegbox of a String instrument stringed instrument . It may be made of ebony , rosewood , buxus boxwood or other material. Some tuning pegs are ornamented with Exoskeleton shell , metal, or plastic inlays, beads pips or rings. Turning the peg tightens or loosens the string, changing the Pitch music pitch produced when the string is played and thereby Musical tuningtuning it. Friction pegs Friction pegs are most often used on violin family instruments not on the double bass , which typically uses geared tuning machines. They are also used on older instruments, such as the Bulgarian gadulka and the hurdy gurdy , as well as on flamenco guitar s. A properly working peg will turn easily and hold reliably, that is, it will neither stick nor slip. Modern pegs for violin and viola have conical shafts, turned to a 1 30 taper, changing in diameter by 1 mm over a distance of 30 mm. Modern cello pegs have a slightly more aggressive 1 25 taper. 19th century and earlier pegs, for use with gut strings, typically had an even steeper taper of 1 20. The taper allows the peg to turn more easily when pulled out slightly, and to hold firmly when pushed in while being turned. Since the typical wear pattern on a peg shaft interferes with this action, pegs occasionally require refitting, a specialized job which amounts to reshaping both pegs and holes to a smooth circular conical taper. Geared pegs Pegs for double bass and guitar family instruments are usually geared, and are called tuning machines or machine head s. Geared pegs for violin family instruments also exist, although they have not gained wide use. The most recently marketed pegs of this sort use planetary gears designed to fit inside a case shaped like a friction peg. See also Peg dope Machine head External links http www.violins.on.ca tools3.html Peg shapers and pegbox reamers in various tapers Category Guitar ... more details
Infobox Radio Station name Fine Tuning image Image FineTuning.png center area Off Air branding slogan The World s Most Interesting Music airdate 2001 frequency XM Satellite Radio XM 76 format Eclectic owner XM Satellite Radio class Satellite Radio Station website http finetuning.xmradio.com finetuning.xmradio.com Fine Tuning was the name of XM Satellite Radio s eclectic music channel. The program director for Fine Tuning was Ben Smith and the tag line was, The World s Most Interesting Music . The channel was described as A musical oasis for the sophisticated listener culled from every imaginable genre and country. You would hear Strauss living in harmony with Van Morrison in a completely new and revolutionary listening experience...an audio oasis. A unique mix of Classical, Jazz, Rock and dozens of other styles. And you would hear the unique perspectives of Quincy Jones as he characterizes American and world music, his influences on it, and linkages he sees, only on XM. Citation needed date April 2007 Fine Tuning moved around the XM dial throughout the years. Beginning in the Classical category on channel 111, it later moved to World channel 104. The February 2004 channel shakeup moved the eclectic channel to Rock at 49. It settled on its final home in Lifestyle at channel 76 in August 2004. On December 28, 2005, Fine Tuning began transmitting in XM HD Surround , broadcasting in 5.1 digital surround sound . From March 15 17, 2008, the channel was temporarily pre empted for XM Green , a special format of Ireland Irish themed music for St. Patrick s Day weekend. On November 12, 2008, XM Radio merged its music channels with those of Sirius Satellite Radio and removed Fine Tuning from its lineup. Featured Shows Beyond Categories Emerald Voyage Hand of Grandfather Music of the First Nations Trans Aural Express Every Little Thing Threshold with Mona Golabek The Romantic Hours with Mona Golabeck Theme Time Radio Hour with Bob Dylan See also XM Satellite Radio channel history ... more details
Stretched tuning is a detail of musical tuning , applied to wire stringed musical instruments , older, non digital electric piano s such as the Fender Rhodes piano and Wurlitzer electric piano , and some Sample based synthesis sample based synthesizers based on these instruments, to accommodate the natural inharmonic ity of their vibrating elements. In stretched tuning, two notes an octave apart, whose fundamental frequency frequencies theoretically have an exact 2 1 ratio, are tuned slightly farther apart. Fundamentals and harmonics In most musical instruments, the tone generating component a strings music string or resonant column of air vibrates at many frequency frequencies simultaneously a fundamental frequency that is usually perceived as the Pitch music pitch of the note, and harmonic s or overtone s that are multiples of the fundamental frequency and whose wavelength s therefore divide the tone generating region into simple fractional segments 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, etc. . See harmonic series music harmonic series . The fundamental note and its harmonics sound together, and the amplitude relationships among them strongly affect the perceived tone or timbre of the instrument. In the acoustic ... In musical tuningtuning , the relationship between two musical notes notes known musically ... if it is to sound convincing. The theory of temperaments in musical tuning do not normally ... in tines. Effects on tuning Inharmonicity stretches harmonics beyond their theoretical frequencies, and higher ... the tuning of that upper note with the one an octave below it. Solving such dilemmas is at the heart of precise musical tuningtuning by ear, and all solutions involve some stretching of the higher notes ... piano may be on the order of 35 cent music cents . See also Piano acoustics Piano tuning Stretched ... Inharmonicity in piano tuning External links http billbremmer.com articles Octave Types and Distribution DEFAULTSORT Stretched Tuning Category Musical tuning de Streckung Musik ... more details
Electrical tuning is a mechanism by which vertebrate s such as frog s and reptile s, which lack a long cochlea , discriminate sound . Mammal s have long cochleae, and are able to distinguish different sounds by mechanisms such as mechanical tuning , in which the stiffness and length of hair cell s stereocilia makes a given cell best suited to respond to a certain type of stimulus. The basilar membrane of animals with long cochleae also vibrates at different locations along the membrane in response to different frequency sounds. Since the reptilian ear lacks a long cochlea, electrical tuning provides an alternative mechanism for perceiving differences in sound. With a combination of voltage gated calcium channel s and calcium sensitive potassium channel K channel s, the cell biology cell s set up an oscillation in voltage and oscillate in response to a depolarization depolarizing stimulus physiology stimulus . Calcium in biology Ca sup sup enters the cell and depolarizes it, opening potassium K sup sup channels which allow K sup sup to leave and hyperpolarize the cell. Since the exit of K sup sup from the cell is delayed, the voltage increases, but then with the exit of the K sup sup the cell overshoots the membrane potential and hyperpolarizes. Different cells have different delays for K sup sup leaving and thus the voltage oscillates at different frequencies. The delays can be as short as 0.7 millisecond ms or as long as 150 ms, whereas the Ca sup sup entry always occurs within about 1 ms Fettiplace, 1987 . Thus by varying the length of delay for K sup sup to leave, cells ion concentration s can oscillate at specific frequency frequencies . Cells with higher oscillating frequencies respond best to higher frequency sounds, while those with lower frequencies respond best ... tuning of hair cells in the inner ear. Trends in Neurosciences , Volume 10 Number 10, Pages 421 ... tuning in hair cells isolated from the chick cochlea. Journal of Neuroscience , Volume 8, Pages 2460 ... more details
MAFless tuning is a method of operating the fuel injection system on a gasoline powered motor vehicle whereby the mass airflow meter , or MAF, is removed. The MAF Image VZ MAF.jpg right thumb 250px MAF fitted to a GM LS1 engine in a VZ Holden Commodore a wire mesh screen is normally installed across the front of the MAF to smooth airflow across the wire elements this has been removed in this photograph to show the wires The MAF is a component in a vehicle s intake system through which air flows past a wire that is heated by an electrical current. The airflow cools the wire, enabling the MAF to calculate the mass of airflow into the engine. The vehicle s engine management computer then uses this information to calculate the correct amount of fuel to be delivered to the cylinders by the fuel injection system. Removing the MAF When tuning a MAF equipped vehicle to operate in MAFless mode, the MAF is removed. This requires the use of an alternative method of calculating airflow into the engine. On vehicles so equipped, this alternative involves the use of a manifold absolute pressure, or MAP, sensor. The MAP sensor measures pressure in the engine s inlet manifold. When coupled with data regarding the engine s revolutions per minute, or RPM, and throttle position, the MAP sensor can be used by the engine management computer to calculate fuel requirements. Advantages By changing the engine from MAF mode to MAFless MAP mode, vehicle modifiers claim two advantages The MAF may pose a physical restriction across the vehicle s intake tract, thereby reducing airflow into the engine. By removing .... This is only a problem on very high mileage engines. Applications MAFless tuning is a popular ... 5.7 V8 engine. The genesis for MAFless tuning of the GM LS engine LS1 in Australia was the HSV GTS ... LS1 sold in Australia and created substantial credibility for MAFless tuning of GM LS engine LS1 ... Australian LS1 and Holden Forums http www.ls1 Australia.com Website for LS1 LS2 Tuning ... more details
Refimprove date March 2009 Image D tuning.png thumb right D tuning. D Tuning , also called One Step Lower , Whole Step Down , Full Step , or D Standard , is an alternate tuning for guitar . Each string is lowered by a whole tone or two semitones resulting in D G C F A D It is used mostly by Heavy metal music heavy metal bands to achieve a heavier, deeper sound and by blues guitarists, who use it to accommodate string bending. Here are some bands who used this tuning on a six string guitar All That Remains band All That Remains up until The Fall of Ideals Amorphis later albums Bad Religion on Infected song Infected Black Label Society Black Tide Black Stone Cherry on the songs You and Peace is Free , as well as most acoustic performances Blaze Bayley Blink 182 on Adam s Song Brand New Sin Bullet For My Valentine on some songs from the album Scream Aim Fire , including its Scream Aim Fire song title track . Chevelle on Point No. 1 Children of Bodom CKY Control Denied Corrosion of Conformity Cradle of Filth Creedence Clearwater Revival Death metal band Death Dimmu borgir albums in sorte diaboli and Abrahadabra Dream Theater used on the songs Forsaken , Never Enough and Rite of Passage Elliott Smith Biggest Lie from the album Elliott Smith , All Cleaned Out from the album New Moon Elliott Smith album New Moon Exodus band Exodus Fall Out Boy Firewind Gus G. also uses this tuning with Ozzy Osbourne the Gazette band the GazettE Gojira band Gojira Gorgoroth Green Day on the song Paper Lanterns Hinder band Hinder Insomnium Job for a Cowboy Judas Priest live performances during the Tim Ripper Owens era Killing Joke Kreator Mastodon band Mastodon Metallica on Sad But True , Devil s Dance song Devil s Dance , Sabbra Cadabra , Whiskey in the Jar , Garage Inc. The Small Hours , Crash Course in Brain Surgery and in live performances of Seek & Destroy and Jump in the Fire since 2003. Also ... D Tuning Category Guitar tunings da Guitarstemning D stemning ... more details
Just major triad on C.mid Play just . Pythagorean tuning lang el is a system of musical tuning in which the frequency relationships of all interval music intervals are based on the ratio ..., William A. 2005 . Tuning, Timbre, Spectrum, Scale , p.163. ISBN 1 85233 797 4. ref or the Diatonic ... of fifths generated above gives seven notes, a diatonic major scale on C in Pythagorean tuning, shown in notation on the top right. Method Pythagorean tuning is based on a stack of intervals called perfect ... D based tuning , six other notes are produced by moving six times a ratio 3 2 up, and the remaining ... it into the basic octave. When extending this tuning however, a problem arises no stack of 3 2 intervals ..., obtained from this tuning is ref Asiatic Society of Japan 1879 . http books.google.com books?id DX0uAAAAYAAJ ..., as the above table indicates, in Pythagorean tuning they have different ratios with respect to D ... tuning ignores A music b , and uses only the 12 notes from E music b to G music . This, as shown ... those two notes is unplayable in this tuning. A very out of tune interval such as this one is known as a wolf interval . In the case of Pythagorean tuning, all the fifths are 701.96 cents wide, in the exact ..., the position of the wolf fifth can be changed. For example, a C based Pythagorean tuning would ... flat the wolf interval. However, there will always be one wolf fifth in Pythagorean tuning, making it impossible ... ratios in D based symmetric Pythagorean tuning powers for large numbers .PNG frame right Frequency ratio of the 144 intervals in D based Pythagorean tuning. Interval music Quality Interval names are given in their shortened form. 5 limit tuning The justest ratios Pure interval s are shown in boldface ... Interval ratios in D based symmetric Pythagorean tuning powers of 2 26 3 .PNG here and http commons.wikimedia.org ... of the 144 intervals in D based Pythagorean tuning. Interval music Quality Interval names are given in their shortened form. 5 limit tuning The justest ratios Pure interval s are shown in boldface bold ... more details
Schuler tuning is a modification to the electronic control system used in inertial navigation system s that accounts for the curvature of the Earth. An inertial navigation system, used in submarines, ships, aircraft, and other vehicles to keep track of position, determines directions with respect to three Coordinate axis axes pointing north , east , and down . To detect the vehicle s orientation, the system contains an inertial platform mounted on gimbal s, with gyroscope s that keep it pointing in a fixed orientation in space. However, the directions north , east and down change as the vehicle moves on the curved surface of the Earth. Schuler tuning describes the modifications necessary to an inertial navigation system to keep the inertial platform always pointing north , east and down , so it gives correct directions on Earth. Principle As first explained by German engineer Maximilian Schuler in a 1923 paper, ref cite journal last Schuler first M. authorlink coauthors title Die St rung von Pendel und Kreiselapparaten durch die Beschleunigung des Fahrzeuges journal Physikalische Zeitschrift volume 24 issue 16 pages publisher location year 1923 url doi id accessdate 2008 12 02 ref a pendulum whose period exactly equals the orbit al period of a hypothetical satellite orbiting just above the surface of the Earth about 84 minutes will tend to remain pointing at the center of the Earth when its support is suddenly displaced. Such a pendulum would have a length equal to the radius of the Earth. Consider a simple gravity pendulum , whose length equals the radius of the Earth, suspended in a uniform gravitational field of the same strength as that experienced at the Earth s surface. If suspended from the surface of the Earth, the bob of the pendulum would be at the center of the Earth ... Obviously, a pendulum the length of the Earth s radius is impractical, so Schuler tuning ... to keep it pointed along the axes. To implement Schuler tuning, the feedback loop is modified to tilt ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Orbital tuning refers to the process of adjusting the time scale of a geologic or climate record so that the observed fluctuations correspond to the Milankovitch cycles in the Earth s orbit al motion. Because changes in the Earth s orbit affect the amount and distribution of sunlight the Earth receives, such changes are expected to introduce periodic climate changes on time scales of 20 100 kiloyear kyr . Long records of sedimentation or climate should record such variations however, such records often have poorly constrained age scales. As a result, scientists will sometimes adjust the timing of the features in their records to match the predictions of orbital theory in the hopes of improving the dating accuracy. However, overtuning can result in apparent features that have no basis in the real data, such as occurred with the original SPECMAP record Muller & MacDonald 2000 . References cite book author RA Muller and GJ MacDonald title Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes Data, spectral analysis and mechanisms year 2000 publisher Springer Praxis Books ISBN 1 85233 634 X. Category Dating methods Category Types of scientific fallacy climate stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discovered that mammal ian brain s contained specific neural columns which were attuned to specific spatial frequencies, specific colors, specific shapes, specific motions up and down, left and right, inward and outward, etc. . Thus the brain could be viewed as a collection of tuned filters . Their discovery occurred accidentally. In 1962, Hubel and Wiesel were attempting to discover that triggered neurophysiological activity in a cat s brain. The cat they were testing showed no results until they displayed a crack to the cat, whereupon the cat s brain starting reacting to the stimulus. This began a long series of discoveries which continues to the present day. Hubel and Wiesel received the Nobel Prize for their discovery. Primate brain s like our own display even more arcane forms of tuning, which are occasionally discovered by fMRI or Positron emission tomography PET scans of impaired patients. These range from the recognition of faces, to the recognition of emotions, to other social, cultural, linguistic skills, etc. Category Cognitive science ... more details
Other uses Tuning disambiguation Refimprove date September 2007 File sun 800 tester 001.jpg thumb 300px Vintage engine testing equipment that can test ignition timing , ignition dwell, manifold vacuum and exhaust emissions Engine tuning is the adjustment, modification or design of internal combustion engine s to yield optimal performance, to increase an engine s power output, economy, or durability. It has a long history, almost as long as the development of the automobile car in general, originating with the development of early racing car s, and later, with the post war hot rod movement. Tuning can describe a wide variety of adjustments and modifications, from the routine adjustment of the carburetor and ignition system to significant engine overhauls. At the other end of the scale, performance tuning of an engine can involve revisiting some of the design decisions taken at quite an early stage in the development of the engine. Setting the idle speed, fuel air mixture, carburetor balance ... control s Poppet valve Valvetrain adjustment In early days, mechanics finished tuning up a performance ... this is known as an Italian tuneup . Chip tuning main Chip tuning Modern engines are equipped ..., tuned to suit their particular market. Performance tuning Performance tuning focuses on tuning ... advantage. This also means that the performance tuning of an engine should take place ... . Changing the tuning characteristics electronically, by changing the firmware of the EMS. This chip tuning often works because modern engines are designed to produce more power than required, which .... This is called de tuning and produces long lasting engines and the ability to increase power output later for facelift models. Recently emissions have played a large part in de tuning, and engines ... ref References Reflist See also Wikibooks Automobile Repair Spark plugs Keep list sorted Car tuning ... Water injection engines DEFAULTSORT Engine Tuning Category Engine technology Tuning cs Tuning de Motortuning ... more details
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