MAP kinasekinasekinase or MAP3K or MEKK is a serine threonine specific protein kinase which acts upon MAP kinasekinase . In humans there are at least 19 genes MAP3K1 aka MEKK1 MAP3K2 MAP3K3 aka MAP3K3 MEKK3 MAP3K4 MAP3K5 aka ASK1 MAP3K6 aka ASK2 MAP3K7 aka MAP3K7 MEKK7 aka TAK1 MAP3K8 aka TPL2 or Tpl2 MAP3K9 MAP3K10 MAP3K11 aka MAP3K11 MEKK11 aka MLK3 MAP3K12 aka MUK MAP3K13 aka LZK MAP3K14 MAP3K15 MAP3K16 aka TAO1 or TAOK1 MAP3K17 aka TAO2 or TAOK2 RAF1 BRAF ARAF ZAK aka MLTK Perhaps the best characterized MAP3K are the members of the oncogenic RAF family RAF1, BRAF, ARAF , which are effectors of mitogenic ras signaling and which activate the MAPK ERK pathway ERK1 2 MAPK3 MAPK1 pathway , through activation of MEK1 MAP2K1 and MEK2 MAP2K2 . MEKK1 activates C Jun N terminal kinases MAPK8 JNK by phosphorylation of its activator SEK1 MAP2K4 . ref cite journal author Yan M title Activation of stress activated protein kinase by MEKK1 phosphorylation of its activator SEK1 year 1994 journal Nature volume 372 pages 798 800 pmid 7997270 issue 6508 author separator , display authors 1 last2 Dai first2 T last3 Deak first3 JC last4 Kyriakis first4 JM last5 Zon first5 LI last6 Woodgett first6 JR last7 Templeton first7 DJ doi 10.1038 372798a0 ref MAP3K3 directly regulates the C Jun N terminal kinases MAPK8 JNK and MAPK ERK pathway extracellular signal regulated protein kinase ERK pathways by activating SEK and MEK1 2 respectively it does not regulate the p38 mitogen activated protein kinases p38 pathway. ref cite journal author Ellinger Ziegelbauer H title Direct activation of the stress activated protein kinase SAPK and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase ERK pathways by an inducible mitogen activated protein Kinase ERK kinasekinase 3 MEKK derivative year 1997 journal J ... names. gallery External links MeshName MAP KinaseKinase Kinases EC number 2.7.11.25 References Reflist biochemistry stub MAP kinase activation Serine threonine specific protein kinases es MAP quinasa ... more details
Mitogen activated protein kinasekinasekinasekinase MAP4K is a family of proteins involved in cellular signal transduction . Expand list date May 2011 MAP4K1 aka HPK1 MAP4K2 aka GCK MAP4K3 MAP4K4 MAP4K5 Additional images gallery File Signal transduction pathways.svg Some signal transduction pathways. MAP4K s not labelled. File MAPKpathway.jpg MAPK pathway. Some or all of the MAP4K s in this image are labelled by other names, such as HPK1 and GCK. gallery See also Signal transduction MAP kinase MAP kinasekinase MAP kinasekinasekinase References references MAP kinase activation Serine threonine specific protein kinases biochemistry stub ... more details
kinases. Tyrosinekinase TK containing the tyrosine kinases. TKL containing the tyrosinekinase like ... main TyrosinekinaseTyrosine specific protein kinases EC number 2.7.10.1 and EC number 2.7.10.2 ... is linked from Tyrosinekinase These kinases consist of a transmembrane receptor with a tyrosine ... tyrosinekinase phosphorylates specific target proteins, which are often enzymes themselves. An important ... signaling but also others, including growth hormone . One such receptor associated tyrosinekinase ... kinase MEK MAPKK , which is involved in the MAP kinase cascade, is a mixed serine threonine and tyrosine ...Image Ch4 kinases.jpg thumb 250px right Protein phosphorylation A protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that modifies ... genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2 of all human genes. ref name pmid12471243 cite journal author Manning G, Whyte DB. et al. title The protein kinase complement ... to 30 of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority ... H white . The chemical activity of a kinase involves transferring a phosphate group from a nucleoside ... hydroxyl group . Most kinases act on both serine and threonine , others act on tyrosine , and a number dual specificity kinase s act on all three. ref cite journal author Dhanasekaran N, Premkumar Reddy ... kinases that phosphorylate other amino acids, including histidine kinase s that phosphorylate ... is highly regulated. Kinases are turned on or off by phosphorylation sometimes by the kinase itself ... relative to their substrates. Structure main Protein kinase domain The catalytic subunits of many ... cite journal author Hanks SK title Genomic analysis of the eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily ... cite journal author Hanks SK, Hunter T title Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily kinase catalytic domain structure and classification journal FASEB J. volume 9 issue 8 ... 7768349 issn ref ref name pmid1835513 cite journal author Hunter T title Protein kinase classification ... more details
Janus kinase JAK is a family of intracellular, nonreceptor tyrosinekinase s that transduce cytokine mediated signals via the JAK STAT pathway . They were initially named just another kinase 1 and 2 since they were just two of a large number of discoveries in a PCR based screen of kinases, ref name Wilks cite journal author Wilks title Two putative protein tyrosine kinases identified by application of the polymerase chain reaction journal PNAS volume 86 year 1989 pages 1603 7 doi 10.1073 pnas.86.5.1603 issue 5 pmid 2466296 pmc 286746 ref but were ultimately published as Janus kinase . The name is taken from the two faced Roman mythology Roman god of doorways, Janus mythology Janus , because the JAKs possess two near identical phosphate transferring domains. One domain exhibits the kinase activity, while the other negatively regulates the kinase activity of the first. The Janus kinase family ... involved in apoptosis . The four JAK family members are Janus kinase 1 JAK1 Janus kinase 2 JAK2 Janus kinase 3 JAK3 Tyrosinekinase 2 TYK2 Transgenic mice that do not express JAK1 have defective responses ... kinase activity, they rely on the JAK family of tyrosinekinase s to phosphorylate and activate downstream ... is a pseudokinase domain , a domain structurally similar to a tyrosinekinase and essential for a normal kinase activity, yet lacks enzymatic activity. This domain may be involved in regulating the activity ... reflist Tyrosine kinases JAK STAT signaling pathway DEFAULTSORT Janus Kinase Category Signal transduction Category Tyrosine kinases de Januskinase es Quinasa de Janus it Janus chinasi ja ... of homology called Janus homology domains 1 to 7 JH1 7 . JH1 is the kinase domain important for the enzyme enzymatic activity of the JAK and contains typical features of a tyrosinekinase such as conserved tyrosine s necessary for JAK activation e.g. Y1038 Y1039 in JAK1, Y1007 Y1008 in JAK2, Y980 ... ezrin, radixin and moesin this domain is also found in the focal adhesion kinase FAK family and is involved ... more details
enzyme Name shikimate kinase EC number 2.7.1.71 CAS number 9031 51 0 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 71 GO code 0004765 image width caption Pfam box Symbol SKI Name Shikimate kinase image 1e6c opm.gif width caption Shikimate kinase of Erwinia chrysanthemi Pfam PF01202 Pfam clan CL0023 InterPro IPR000623 SMART PROSITE PDOC00868 SCOP 2shk TCDB OPM family OPM protein 1e6c PDB PDB3 1l4y A 11 167 PDB3 1we2 A 11 167 PDB3 1l4u A 11 167 PDB3 1u8a A 11 167 PDB3 2shk B 11 169 PDB3 1shk A 11 169 PDB3 1e6c B 11 169 PDB3 1kag A 13 171 PDB3 2IYQ PDB3 2IYR PDB3 2IYS PDB3 2IYT PDB3 2IYU PDB3 2IYV PDB3 2IYW PDB3 2IYX PDB3 2IYY PDB3 2IYZ Shikimate kinase EC number 2.7.1.71 is an enzyme that catalyzes the Adenosine triphosphate ATP dependent phosphorylation of shikimate to form shikimate 3 phosphate. This reaction is the fifth step of the shikimate pathway ref Cite pmid 15012217 ref , which is used by plants and bacteria ... shikimate kinase phosphorylating , and shikimate kinase II . Background The shikimate pathway ... to chorismate , the common precursor of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine , tyrosine , and tryptophan ... kinase in the pathway are DAHP synthase , 3 dehydroquinate synthase , 3 dehydroquinate dehydratase ... and herbicides. Activity The reaction catalyzed by shikimate kinase is shown below Image shikimate kinase reaction.png left 600px reaction catalyzed by shikimate kinase This reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to the 3 hydroxyl group of shikimate. Shikimate kinase thus has ... products , shikimate 3 phosphate and Adenosine diphosphate ADP . Structure Image shikimate kinase cartoon.png thumb right A cartoon representation of shikimate kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis ... kinase with products.png thumb right A space filling model of shikimate kinase with ADP and shikimate ... title Shikimate kinase isoenzymes in Salmonella typhimurium journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 243 pages ... N, Bartunik HD year 2006 title Mechanism of phosphoryl transfer catalyzed by shikimate kinase ... more details
Image MAPKpathway.jpg right thumb 300px The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK pathway. ref name pmid10558990 cite journal author Rossomando AJ, Payne DM, Weber MJ, Sturgill TW title Evidence that pp42, a major tyrosinekinase target protein, is a mitogen activated serine threonine protein kinase journal Proc Natl Acad Sci USA volume 86 issue 18 pages 6940 3 year 1989 pmid 2550926 doi 10.1073 pnas.86.18.6940 issn pmc 297966 ref ref name pmid2550926 cite journal author Bonni A, Brunet A, West AE, Datta SR, Takasu MA, Greenberg ME title Cell survival promoted by the Ras MAPK signaling pathway by transcription dependent and independent mechanisms journal Science volume 286 issue 5443 pages 1358 62 year 1999 pmid 10558990 doi 10.1126 science.286.5443.1358 issn ref ref name pmid11784851 cite journal author Chadee DN, Yuasa T, Kyriakis JM title Direct activation of mitogen activated protein kinasekinasekinase MEKK1 by the Ste20p homologue GCK and the adapter protein TRAF2 journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume 22 issue 3 pages 737 49 year 2002 pmid 11784851 doi 10.1128 MCB.22.3.737 749.2002 issn pmc 133545 ref ref name pmid11242034 cite journal author Chang L, Karin M title Mammalian MAP kinase ... N terminal kinase pathway and apoptotic signaling review journal Int. J. Oncol. volume 16 issue 4 pages ... A, Zanke BW, Lassam N, Pawson T, Woodgett JR, Iscove NN title HPK1, a hematopoietic protein kinase .... MAP kinase signaling specificity journal Science volume 296 issue 5577 pages 2345 7 year ... of the diagram. Raf kinases are a family of three serine threonine specific protein kinase s that are related ... a Raf kinase related oncogene that enhances fibrosarcoma induction. The acronym RAF is derived from ... Raf kinases participate in the Ras subfamily RAS RAF mitogen activated protein kinasekinase MEK extracellular ... pathway mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK cascade . ref name pmid20674547 Activation of RAF kinases requires interaction with Ras subfamily RAS GTPases . The three RAF kinase family members are ARAF ... more details
3123 7 ref Functions Together with tyrosinekinase s, PTPs regulate the phosphorylation state of many important signalling molecules, such as the MAP kinase family. PTPs are increasingly viewed as integral components of signal transduction cascades, despite less study and understanding compared to tyrosinekinase s. PTPs have been implicated in regulation of many cellular processes, including, but not limited ... functions in multiple receptor tyrosinekinase pathways in Drosophila journal Dev. Biol. volume 180 ...Expert subject date May 2010 Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTPs are a group of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins. Protein tyrosine pTyr phosphorylation ..., maintaining an appropriate level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for many cellular functions. Tyrosine specific protein phosphatases PTPase EC number 3.1.3.48 catalyse the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue, using a cysteinyl phosphate enzyme ... kinase pathway and cell cycle control, and are important in the control of cell growth, proliferation ... JM title Protein tyrosine phosphatases mechanisms of catalysis and regulation journal Curr Opin Chem ... S, Lombroso PJ title Receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatases in the nervous system ... cite journal author Sun JP, Zhang ZY, Wang WQ title An overview of the protein tyrosine phosphatase ... cite journal author Alonso A, Sasin J, et al. title Protein tyrosine phosphatases in the human genome ... ref Links to all 107 members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family can be found in the template Protein tyrosine phosphatases template at the bottom of this article. Class I The class I PTPs ... PTPs 21 receptor tyrosine phosphatase 17 nonreceptor type PTPs 61 VH 1 like or dual specific phosphatases ... dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases. Ser Thr and Tyr dual specificity phosphatases are a group of enzymes with both Ser Thr EC number 3.1.3.16 and tyrosine specific protein phosphatase EC ... more details
File PhK 1QL6 gamma small.png thumb 250px Catalytic gamma subunit of phosphorylase kinase. Phosphorylase kinase PhK is a serine threonine specific protein kinase which activates glycogen phosphorylase ... s catalysis, but phosphorylation of both these subunits by protein kinase A PKA, or Cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP dependent protein kinase reduces their respective inhibitory activities. The ... conformational change that activates the kinase s activity by binding to a complementary hydrophobic ... PHKG1 , PHKG2 History Phosphorylase kinase was the first protein kinase to be isolated and characterized ... in fact activating phosphorylase kinase via the regulatory subunit, leading to the phosphorylation ... P loop protein kinases such as protein kinase A PKA, cAMP dependent kinase . In contrast to these other proteins, which typically require phosphorylation of a serine or tyrosine residue in the catalytic ... serine . ref name Skamnaki1999 Structure Phosphorylase kinase is a 1.3 MDa hexadecameric holoenzyme ... function and regulation File PhK diagram.png thumb 250px Overview of phosphorylase kinase regulation. Physiologically, phosphorylase kinase plays the important role of stimulating glycogen breakdown ... to the subunits of phosphorylase kinase, and partly activating enzyme activity. This binding partly stabilizes the protein in the active form. The phosphorylase kinase is completely activated when the and subunits are phosphorylated by protein kinase A and the delta subunit has bound to calcium ... kinase genes can result in physiological symptoms classified under the broad heading of glycogen ... in the PHKA2 gene, which codes for the subunit of phosphorylase kinase. In the case of XLG ... York, 2007. ref ref name Brushia1999 cite journal author Brushia R, Walsh D title Phosphorylase kinase ... the activity of muscle phosphorylase b kinase journal J Biol Chem volume 234 issue pages 2867 ... subunit of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase journal FEBS Lett volume 92 issue 2 pages ... more details
molecules in a way analogous to tyrosinekinase receptors RTK . Multifunctional receptor molecules ...enzyme Name protein histidine kinase EC number 2.7.13.3 CAS number 99283 67 7 IUBMB EC number 2 7 13 ... to kinase activity, the intracellular domains typically have regions that bind to a secondary .... Distinct from other classes of Protein kinase Signal transduction protein kinases , HKs are parts ... a HK transfers a phosphate group from ATP to a histidine residue within the kinase, and then to an aspartate residue on a receiver domain on a different protein or sometimes on the kinase itself that aspartyl ... kinase EC number 2.7.13.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP protein L .... Other names in common use include EnvZ , histidine kinase ambiguous , HK1 , HP165 , and Sln1p . This enzyme ... kinase action. The mechanism for the reactions catalyzed by histidine kinase have not been completely ... WA title Structure of the entire cytoplasmic portion of a sensor histidine kinase protein journal EMBO ... by the histidine kinase CheA journal Nat. Struct. Biol. volume 8 issue 4 pages 353 60 year 2001 ... infections A Two component regulatory system two component system , involving histidine kinase ... F, Cassone A, Calera JA, Calderone R title Deletion of the Two Component Histidine Kinase Gene ... histidine kinase gene, show defects in morphogenesis and a drastic decrease in the cell s ability ... title Identification and characterization of a novel protein histidine kinase in the islet beta cell ... of the histidine kinase gene Dic1 from Cochliobolus heterostrophus that confers dicarboximide resistance ... author Pflock M, Dietz P, Schar J, Beier D date 2004 title Genetic evidence for histidine kinase ... 1999 title Structure of CheA, a Signal Transducing Histidine Kinase journal Cell volume 96 pages ... Kinase PhoR Is Crucial for the Phosphotransfer Reaction in the PhoPR Two Component System in Bacillus ... RC title Active site mutations in CheA, the signal transducing protein kinase of the chemotaxis ... more details
enzyme Name dephospho reductase kinasekinase EC number 2.7.11.3 CAS number 72060 33 4 IUBMB EC number 2 7 11 3 GO code 0047848 image width caption In enzymology , a dephospho reductase kinasekinase EC number 2.7.11.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP dephospho hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase math rightleftharpoons math ADP hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and dephospho hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in protein s protein serine threonine kinase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP dephospho hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include AMP activated kinase , AMP activated protein kinasekinase , hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinasekinase , hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinasekinase , phosphorylating , reductase kinase , reductase kinasekinase , and STK30 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Beg ZH, Stonik JA, Brewer HB Jr year 1979 title Characterization and regulation of reductase kinase, a protein kinase that modulates the enzymic activity of 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 76 pages 4375&ndash 9 pmid 291971 doi 10.1073 pnas.76.9.4375 issue 9 pmc ... activated and phospholipid dependent protein kinase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 260 pages 1682&ndash ... CoA reductase identification of the site phosphorylated by the AMP activated protein kinase in vitro ... 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl CoA reductase prevents phosphorylation by AMP activated kinase and blocks ... more details
Casein kinase is a kinase enzyme. Casein kinase 1 Casein kinase 2 Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. biochemistry stub Category Enzymes ... more details
protein Name phosphomevalonate kinase caption image width HGNCid 9141 Symbol PMVK AltSymbols EntrezGene 10654 OMIM 607622 RefSeq NM 006556 UniProt Q15126 PDB ECnumber 2.7.4.2 Chromosome 1 Arm p Band 13 LocusSupplementaryData q23 Phosphomevalonate kinase is an enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Image Mevalonate pathway.png 350px thumb center Mevalonate pathway External links MeshName Phosphomevalonate kinase biochemistry stub Kinases Mevalonate pathway de Phosphomevalonat Kinase ... more details
protein Name G protein coupled receptor kinase 1 caption image width HGNCid 10013 Symbol GRK1 AltSymbols RHOK EntrezGene 6011 OMIM 180381 RefSeq NM 002929 UniProt Q15835 PDB ECnumber 2.7.11.14 Chromosome 13 Arm q Band 34 LocusSupplementaryData Rhodopsin kinase is a serine threonine specific protein kinase involved in phototransduction . See also Rhodopsin Beta adrenergic receptor kinase G protein coupled receptor kinases External links MeshName Rhodopsin kinase biochemistry stub Serine threonine specific protein kinases Eye proteins ... more details
enzyme Name NADH kinase EC number 2.7.1.86 CAS number 62213 39 2 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 86 GO code 0042736 image width caption In enzymology , a NADH kinase EC number 2.7.1.86 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP NADH math rightleftharpoons math ADP NADPH Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP NADH 2 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase phosphorylating , DPNH kinase , reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide kinase , and NADH kinase . This enzyme has at least one effector biology effector , Acetate . References reflist 1 cite journal author Griffiths MM, Bernofsky C date 1972 title Purification and properties of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide kinase from yeast mitochondria journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 247 pages 1473&ndash 8 pmid 4335000 issue 5 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Pfam box Symbol Thymidylate kin Name Thymidylate kinase Pfam PF02223 InterPro IPR000062 PROSITE PDOC01034 PDB PDB 1e2d PDB 1e2e PDB 1e2f PDB 1e2g PDB 1e2q PDB 1e98 PDB 1e99 PDB 1e9a PDB 1e9b PDB 1e9c Thymidylate kinase EC number 2.7.4.9 dTMP kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of Thymidine monophosphate thymidine 5 monophosphate dTMP to form thymidine 5 diphosphate dTDP in the presence of ATP and magnesium ATP thymidine 5 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math ADP thymidine 5 diphosphate Thymidylate kinase is a ubiquitous enzyme of about 25 Kd and is important in the dTTP synthesis pathway for DNA synthesis. The function of dTMP kinase in eukaryotes comes from the study of a cell cycle mutant, cdc8, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Structural and functional analyses suggest that the cDNA codes for authentic human dTMP kinase. The mRNA levels and enzyme activities corresponded to cell cycle progression and cell growth stages. ref name PUB00016913 cite journal author Li C, Huang SH, Tang A, Drisco B, Zhang SQ, Seeger R, Jong A title Human dTMP kinase gene expression and enzymatic activity coinciding with cell cycle progression and cell growth journal DNA Cell Biol. volume 13 issue 5 pages 461 471 year 1994 pmid 8024690 doi 10.1089 dna.1994.13.461 ref Subfamilies Predicted thymidylate kinase, TKRP1 InterPro IPR014505 Human proteins containing this domain DTYMK See also Thymidine kinase Thymidylate synthase References reflist InterPro content IPR000062 DEFAULTSORT Thymidylate Kinase Category Protein families protein stub ... more details
Image EIF2regulation.jpg thumb Regulation of translation initiation via phosphorylation of Ser51 in eIF2 s subunit ref name pmid11042214 cite journal author Nika J, Rippel S, Hannig EM title Biochemical analysis of the eIF2beta gamma complex reveals a structural function for eIF2alpha in catalyzed nucleotide exchange journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 276 issue 2 pages 1051 6 year 2001 month January pmid 11042214 doi 10.1074 jbc.M007398200 url ref . eIF 2 is a kinase enzyme that phosphorylates eIF 2 . ref MeshName eIF 2 Kinase ref There are four forms in mammals EIF2AK1 heme regulated inhibitor kinase EIF2AK1 HRI EIF2AK2 the double stranded RNA dependent kinase Protein kinase R PKR EIF2AK3 PEK PERK EIF2AK4 EIF2AK4 GCN2 These are all responsible for the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF 2 at serine 51, one of the best characterized mechanisms for down regulating protein synthesis in eukaryote s in response to various cellular stress response s. References reflist Category Enzymes Serine threonine specific protein kinases Genetic translation enzyme stub ... more details
enzyme Name Polo kinase EC number 2.7.11.21 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 7 11 21 GO code image width caption In enzymology , a polo kinase EC number 2.7.11.21 is a kinase enzyme i.e. one that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP a protein math rightleftharpoons math ADP a phosphoprotein Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of these enzymes are adenosine triphosphate ATP and protein , whereas their two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and phosphoprotein . These enzymes belong to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in protein s protein serine threonine kinase s . The systematic name of this polo like kinase enzyme class is ATP protein phosphotransferase Spindle apparatus spindle pole dependent . Examples and other names in common use include Cdc5 , Cdc5p , Plk , PLK , PLK1 Plk1 , Plo1 , POLO kinase , polo serine threonine kinase , polo like kinase , polo like kinase 1 , serine threonine specific Drosophila kinase polo , and STK21 . These enzymes participate in 3 metabolism metabolic pathways cell cycle , cell cycle yeast , and progesterone mediated oocyte maturation . Structural studies As of late 2007, 5 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 2OGQ , PDB link 2OJS , PDB link 2OJX , PDB link 2OU7 , and PDB link 2OWB . References reflist 1 cite journal author C, Karess RE, Glover DM, Sunkel CE date 1991 title polo encodes a protein kinase homolog required ... of a protein kinase encoding mouse gene, Plk, related to the polo gene of Drosophila 1993 cite ... and subcellular localization of Plk1, a human protein kinase implicated in mitotic spindle ... like kinase Plo1 to the spindle pole body and a functional spindle assembly checkpoint journal J. Cell ... author Ohkura H date 2003 title Phosphorylation polo kinase joins an elite club journal Curr. Biol ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol kinase EC number 2.7.1.30 CAS number IUBMB EC number GO code image width caption protein Name glycerol kinase caption image width HGNCid 4289 Symbol GK AltSymbols EntrezGene 2710 OMIM 300474 RefSeq NM 000167 UniProt P32189 PDB ECnumber 2.7.1.30 Chromosome X Arm p Band 21.3 LocusSupplementaryData Glycerol kinase is a phosphotransferase enzyme involved in triglyceride s and glycerophospholipid s synthesis. Glycerol kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from adenosine triphosphate ATP to glycerol thus forming glycerol phosphate ATP glycerol ADP sn glycerol 3 phosphate . Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase so they cannot metabolize the glycerol produced during triacyl glycerol degradation. This glycerol is instead shuttled to the liver via the blood where it is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to glycerol phosphate converted to DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate which can participate in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis . Enzyme Regulation This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation . ref name pmid22182754 cite journal author T. Selwood and E. K. Jaffe. title Dynamic dissociating homo oligomers and the control of protein function. journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 519 issue 2 pages 131 43 year 2011 pmid 22182754 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&dopt Citation&list uids 22182754 doi 10.1016 j.abb.2011.11.020 ref Structure Glycerol Kinase alternative name, ATP glycerol 3 phosphotransferase or Glycerokinase adopts a rnase H ribonuclease H like fold consisting of an alpha beta 2 layer sandwich of CATH family 3.30.420.40. As of 2010 03 , there were 20 structures of this protein in the PDB, most of which are homodimeric. See also glycerol kinase External links MeshName Glycerol Kinase References reflist Biochemistry, Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier, D.R., 3rd ed., 2005. Kinases transferase stub de Glycerinkinasen ... more details
enzyme Name deoxynucleoside kinase EC number 2.7.1.145 CAS number 52227 81 3 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 145 GO code 0019136 image width caption In enzymology , a deoxynucleoside kinase EC number 2.7.1.145 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP 2 deoxynucleoside math rightleftharpoons math ADP 2 deoxynucleoside 5 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and 2 deoxynucleoside , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and 2 deoxynucleoside 5 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP deoxynucleoside 5 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include multispecific deoxynucleoside kinase , ms dNK , multisubstrate deoxyribonucleoside kinase , multifunctional deoxynucleoside kinase , D. melanogaster deoxynucleoside kinase , and Dm dNK . Structural studies As of late 2007, 5 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1OE0 , PDB link 1OT3 , PDB link 1ZM7 , PDB link 1ZMX , and PDB link 2JCS . References reflist 1 cite journal author Munch Petersen B, Piskur J, Sondergaard L date 1998 title Four deoxynucleoside kinase activities from Drosophila melanogaster are contained within a single monomeric enzyme, a new multifunctional deoxynucleoside kinase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 273 pages 3926&ndash 31 pmid 9461577 doi 10.1074 jbc.273.7.3926 issue 7 cite journal author Munch Petersen B, Knecht W, Lenz C, Sondergaard L, Piskur J date 2000 title Functional expression of a multisubstrate deoxyribonucleoside kinase from Drosophila melanogaster and its C terminal deletion mutants journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 275 pages 6673&ndash 9 pmid 10692477 doi 10.1074 jbc.275.9.6673 issue 9 enzyme stub Category ... more details
orphan date March 2010 enzyme Name tagatose kinase EC number 2.7.1.101 CAS number 39434 00 9 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 101 GO code 0050317 image width caption In enzymology , a tagatose kinase EC number 2.7.1.101 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP D tagatose math rightleftharpoons math ADP D tagatose 6 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and D tagatose , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and D tagatose 6 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP D tagatose 6 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include tagatose 6 phosphate kinase phosphorylating , D tagatose 6 phosphate kinase , and tagatose 6 phosphate kinase . This enzyme participates in galactose metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, only one tertiary structure structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the Protein Data Bank PDB accession code PDB link 2FIQ . References reflist 1 cite journal author Szumioo T year 1981 title A novel enzyme, tagatose kinase, from Mycobacterium butyricum journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 660 pages 366 70 pmid 6269638 issue 2 Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of known structure enzyme stub ... more details
enzyme Name undecaprenol kinase EC number 2.7.1.66 CAS number 9068 22 8 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 66 GO code 0009038 image width caption In enzymology , an undecaprenol kinase EC number 2.7.1.66 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP undecaprenol math rightleftharpoons math ADP undecaprenyl phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and undecaprenol , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and undecaprenyl phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP undecaprenol phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include isoprenoid alcohol kinase , isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase , C55 isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase , isoprenoid alcohol kinase phosphorylating , C55 isoprenoid alcohol kinase , C55 isoprenyl alcohol phosphokinase , and polyisoprenol kinase . This enzyme participates in peptidoglycan biosynthesis . References reflist 1 cite journal author Higashi Y, Siewert G, Strominger JL date 1970 title Biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. XIX Isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 3683&ndash 90 pmid 4248528 issue 14 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name glycerate kinase EC number 2.7.1.31 CAS number 9026 61 3 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 31 GO code 0008887 image width caption Pfam box Symbol Glyc kinase Name Glycerate kinase Pfam PF02595 InterPro IPR004381 PROSITE PDB PDB 1to6 In enzymology , a glycerate kinase EC number 2.7.1.31 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP R glycerate math rightleftharpoons math ADP 3 phospho R glycerate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and R glycerate , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and 3 phospho R glycerate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP R glycerate 3 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include glycerate kinase phosphorylating , D glycerate 3 kinase , D glycerate kinase , glycerate 3 kinase , GK , D glyceric acid kinase , and ATP D glycerate 2 phosphotransferase . This enzyme participates in 3 metabolism metabolic pathways serine glycine threonine metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glyoxylate dicarboxylate metabolism. Structural studies As of late 2007, 3 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1TO6 , PDB link 1X3L , and PDB link 2B8N . References reflist 1 cite journal author Doughty CC, Hayashi JA, Guenther HL date 1966 title Purification and properties of D glycerate 3 kinase from Escherichia coli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 241 pages 568&ndash 72 pmid 5325263 issue 3 cite journal author ICHIHARA A, GREENBERG DM date 1957 title Studies on the purification and properties of D glyceric acid kinase of liver journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 225 pages 949&ndash 58 pmid 13416296 issue 2 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
Image pkb.jpg thumb right 250px Typical Pyruvate Kinase Structure, small X ray Crystallography Derived small Pyruvate kinase List of EC numbers EC 2 EC 2.7.1 Phosphotransferases with an Alcohol Group as Acceptor EC 2.7.1 .40 is an enzyme involved in glycolysis . It catalyst catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate ... of pyruvate and one molecule of adenosine triphosphate ATP . Reaction The pyruvate kinase reaction Image ... dehydrogenase to reduce pyruvate to lactate. In humans, there are two pyruvate kinase isozymes type ... kinase activity is regulated by Its own Substrate biochemistry substrate PEP and fructose 1,6 bisphosphate ... Citation&list uids 22182754 doi 10.1016 j.abb.2011.11.020 ref Liver pyruvate kinase is also regulated indirectly by epinephrine and glucagon , through protein kinase A . This protein kinase phosphorylates liver pyruvate kinase to deactivate it. Muscle pyruvate kinase is not inhibited by epinephrine activation of protein kinase A. Glucagon signals fasting no glucose available . Thus, glycolysis is inhibited ... of pyruvate kinase. These controls prevent pyruvate kinase from being active at the same ... of this enzyme cause the disease known as pyruvate kinase deficiency . In this condition, a lack of pyruvate kinase slows down the process of glycolysis. This effect is especially devastating in cells ... cells , which in a state of pyruvate kinase deficiency rapidly become deficient in ATP and can undergo hemolysis . Therefore, pyruvate kinase deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia . Role in gluconeogenesis Pyruvate kinase also serves as a regulatory enzyme for gluconeogenesis , a biochemical pathway in which the liver generates glucose from pyruvate and other substrates. When pyruvate kinase ... or more occasions. In some cases, the same organism will have both Pyruvate kinase and PPDK. ref ... ref See also PKLR PKM2 Tumor M2 PK References references External links MeshName Pyruvate kinase ... kinase it Piruvato chinasi nl Pyruvaatkinase pl Kinaza pirogronianowa fi Pyruvaattikinaasi sv Pyruvatkinas ... more details
Pantothenate kinase PanK CoaA is the first enzyme in the Coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway. It phophorylates pantothenate Vitamin B5 vitamin B sub 5 sub to form 4 phosphopantothenate. Types Three distinct types of PanK has been identified PanK I found in bacteria , PanK II mainly found in eukaryotes, but also in the Staphylococci and PanK III, also known as CoaX found in bacteria . Eukaryotic PanK II enzymes often occur as different isoforms, such as PanK1, PanK2, PanK3 and PanK4. Genes Gene PANK1 , Gene PANK2 , Gene PANK3 , Gene PANK4 . PANK2 is associated with Pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration , formerly called Hallervorden Spatz syndrome. it also leads to brain fever and finally leads to death External links MeshName Pantothenate kinase EC number 2.7.1.33 enzyme stub Kinases Metabolism of vitamins, coenzymes, and cofactors Category EC 2.7.1 de Pantothenatkinase fr Pantoth nate kinase ja ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
