Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Top level domain name uucp background ADFF2F introduced 1985 type Pseudo domain style host suffix status obsolete intendeduse To designate an address or hostname connected via UUCP networking The name uucp was a pseudo domain style suffix used in the 1980s when identifying a hostname not connected directly to the Internet , but possibly reachable through other inter network gateways. The suffix was appended to a UUCP bang path separated with a dot, e.g., host1 host2 host3.uucp . The suffix prevented messages from being routed via the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMTP in mail exchangers, and it indicated that the hostname preceding it was reachable by UUCP networking. It was not a top level domain in the Domain Name System DNS root. As UUCP hosts were not always uniquely named, and there was no official global table listing them, although the UUCP Mapping Project was an informal effort to create such a list, actual access to one e.g., for routing e mail to it required the use of a full bang path, which did not follow domain name style syntax, unless the particular software being used had been programmed to recognize particular hostnames in a domain style and route to them. GTLD DEFAULTSORT Uucp Category Pseudo top level domains Category 1985 introductions ca .uucp da .uucp it .uucp hu .uucp no .uucp ru .uucp sv Toppdom n Generiska toppdom ner compu domain stub ... more details
UUCP is an abbreviation of Unix to Unix Copy . ref cite book title UNIX TM TIME SHARING SYSTEM UNIX PROGRAMMER ... file s, email and netnews between computer s. Specifically, a command named tt uucp tt is one of the programs in the suite it provides a user interface for requesting file copy operations. The UUCP ... , tt uuxqt tt execute commands sent from remote machines , and tt uuname tt reports the UUCP name of the local system . Although UUCP was originally developed on Unix and is most closely associated with Unix like systems, UUCP implementations exist for several non Unix like operating systems, including ... CP M . Technology UUCP can use several different types of physical connections and link layer protocols ... terminal Dumb terminal character mode terminals via dial up lines. UUCP uses the computers modems ... in a UUCP network has a list of neighbor systems, with phone numbers, login names and passwords ... dial out capability to participate. Today, UUCP is rarely used over dial up links, but is occasionally used over Internet protocol suite TCP IP . ref cite web url http www.airs.com ian uucp doc uucp 7.html SEC99 title UUCP f Protocol accessdate 2008 08 04 author Ian Lance Taylor year 2003 month June ... 01 07 author Fabien Penso ref One example of the current use of UUCP is in the retail industry ... enterprises. UUCP s longevity can be attributed to its low zero cost, extensive logging, native failover to dialup, and persistent queue management. History UUCP was originally written at AT&T Bell Laboratories ... 7thEdMan v7vol2b.pdf Version 7 Unix manual UUCP Implementation Description by D. A. Nowitz, and A Dial Up Network of UNIX Systems by D. A. Nowitz and M. E. Lesk ref The original UUCP was Rewrite ... is referred to as HDB or HoneyDanBer uucp, which was later enhanced, bug fixed, and repackaged as BNU UUCP Basic Network Utilities . Each of these versions was distributed as proprietary software ... Beta release of new UUCP package available accessdate 2009 01 19 author Ian Lance Taylor year 1991 ... more details
Politics of Northern Ireland The Ulster Unionist Coalition Party UUCP was a minor Unionists Ireland unionist political formation in Northern Ireland . It is not to be confused with the similarly named United Unionist Coalition UUC . Following a split in the Democratic Unionist Party DUP majority bloc in Ballymena borough Ballymena in 2007, six councillors who objected to the DUP s agreement to share power in the Northern Ireland Executive with Sinn F in left the DUP and redesignated themselves as the Ulster Unionist Coalition Party . ref http www.nuzhound.com articles Sunday Times arts2007 jun3 Ballymena power sharing LClarke Sunday Times.php Sunday Times report of Ballymena split ref In May 2009, four of the group left to join Jim Allister s Traditional Unionist Voice TUV . ref http www.newsletter.co.uk news local uucp members jump ship 1 1884555 News Letter report of UUCP defections to TUV ref This left the UUCP with just two councillors. It lost one of those seats on the imprisonment in June 2010 of councillor William Wilkinson, head of research for the pressure group Families Acting for Innocent Relatives , following his conviction for rape. ref http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi northern ireland 10465865.stm BBC report of councillor s sentence ref The remaining UUCP councillor, Davy Tweed , also joined TUV and was re elected in 2011 to Ballymena Borough Council. The UUCP now has no elected representative and may be defunct. References Reflist British political parties Political parties in Northern Ireland Category Political parties established in 2007 Category Political parties in Northern Ireland Category Ulster unionism ... more details
Mergeto UUCP date April 2010 Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Lowercase title uux uux is a remote command execution over UUCP . The uux command is used to execute a Command computing command on a remote system , or to execute a command on the local system computer science local system using files from remote systems. The command is run by the uucico daemon which is not instant. See also rlogin Telnet Secure shell Category Unix network related software Unix stub network stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Pseudo top level domain is a term used to identify the names of computer networks that are not participating in the world wide official Domain Name System , but that may use a similar domain name hierarchy. These domains include .bitnet bitnet , .csnet csnet , .exit exit , .i2p i2p , .local local , .onion onion , .oz oz , Freenet and .uucp uucp . These pseudo domains may use a syntax like the official top level domain s and they serve the same function in creating names for network endpoints. They are used only for special purposes, typically for addressing hosts that were not reachable via the Internet Protocol for use in services such as E mail and Usenet via UUCP . Although they have no official status, they are generally regarded as having been unofficially grandfathered, and are unlikely ever to be allocated as top level domains. See also Alternative DNS root Further reading cite book ref harv title a directory of electronic mail addressing & networks series In a Nutshell Series first1 Donnalyn last1 Frey first2 Richard L. last2 Adams edition 4th publisher O Reilly & Associates year 1994 isbn 9781565920460 chapter Pseudo Top Level Domains pages 10&ndash 11 DEFAULTSORT Pseudo Top Level Domain Category Pseudo top level domains compu domain stub fa no Pseudo toppniv domene pl Pseudodomena ... more details
Hacktic Netwerk was originally a UUCP mail and news forwarding network set up by people surrounding Hack Tic , a Netherlands Dutch hacker publication. It was established in Amsterdam in 1992 by Felipe Rodriquez , Rop Gonggrijp , Paul Jongsma and Cor Bosman . Rop Gonggrijp edited and published Hack Tic and Felipe Rodriquez operated Utopia , a hacker BBS that was one of the largest nodes on the network. Later a system called XS4ALL was set up to connect paying users to the online Internet as opposed to access to the offline UUCP service, which was offered for free . Since many more users used XS4ALL than any other service, the organization subsequently renamed itself to XS4ALL and later transformed itself from a non profit into a for profit enterprise. External links http www.xs4all.nl uk overxs4all geschiedenis The history of XS4ALL Category Internet service providers of the Netherlands nl XS4ALL ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Cleanup date January 2008 Sublink Network was a non profit association founded in Italy in 1989 to allow cost sharing access to the Internet . The association for a few years had a UUCP dialup link to Rutgers university , but later obtained free support from Olivetti who provided Internet mail and newsgroups now named groups by google feed. At its peak in 1991 1995 Sublink Network counted around one hundred nodes distributed across the Italian territory. Sublink Network had its own sublink. newsgroup hierarchy and a cross link with the Italian branch of FidoNet . Sublink Network was registered with the sublink.org domain this domain now belongs to a different organization not related to the original Sublink Network . Sublink was the very first public non academic internet email and newsgroup network in Italy, with very low access fees around 100 a year , fast backbone modems running at 19200 Bit rate bps the average modem was 2400 bit s at that time , and fully registered to the NIC. Its founders on September 25, 1989 were Paolo Ventafridda president , Paolo Pennisi, Marco Sacchi, Carlo Vellano, Davide Yachaya and Mauro Mozzarelli. The association was based in Milan, ITALY. When after 1997, low cost Point to Point Protocol PPP commercial access to the Internet started to become available, interest for UUCP cost share Internet feeds started to decline and the association was naturally dissolved. Category Internet access Category Organisations based in Italy ... more details
Japan University NETwork JUNET was a computer network established by three universities, Tokyo University , Tokyo Institute of Technology and Keio University in October 1984 for test and research purposes. At its height it connected 700 machines. Comparable to the model of the American Usenet , it employed a UUCP implementation over telephone line. JUNET played an important role in the development of the Internet in Japan. It was made obsolete with the development and growing popularity of the WIDE Project , and was discontinued in October 1994. External links http www.wide.ad.jp about history.html WIDE About WIDE History Category Science and technology in Japan Category Communications in Japan Category Internet in Japan de JUNET ja JUNET pl JUNET ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 unreferenced date March 2008 Oleane was one of the first ISP s in France, created in 1990, from UUCP technology. First connected to PSINet , with Telebit modem s, international connectivity moved to UUNET UUNet in 1991. Real IP connections arrived in 1992, with a direct PIPEX UK 64 kbit s link. Oleane was created by Jean Michel Planche, with the help of Paul Rolland, Jean Pierre Le Couedic, Christophe Wolfhugel and Benoit Grang . Oleane was sold in March 1998 to France T l com France Telecom , and ceased to exist as an independent IP services provider around June 2006, being fully renamed as Orange Business services. Category Internet service providers of France ... more details
ZOOiD BBS the zoo of ids, or alternatively referencing zooid was a Toronto area Bulletin board system in 1986 1993 that served a creative community. The sysop was http zooid.org vid David H. Mason , assisted by several others. Among its members was Rasmus Lerdorf . Initially a Commodore 64 based Bulletin board system BBS running Spence BBS software , it became the development site for M1 BBS software , which eventually expanded to about 13 systems before ZOOiD switched to Waffle bbs Waffle , and then Xenix to support UUCP and multiple phone lines. In 1993, ZOOiD merged with R Node to become Internex Online , the first consumer ISP Internet Service Provider in Canada. Category Bulletin board systems ... more details
the cost of mail and Usenet traffic sent by UUCP, particularly for rural sites in America. UUNET ... an official gateway between UUCP mail and Internet email, as well as between North America and Europe. It hosted many related services, such as Internet FTP access for its UUCP clients and the comp.sources.unix ... more details
a 10 site network. To Usenet s original dialup UUCP technology, she added support for Berknet and ARPANET ... could be used for email. At first, all Usenet and UUCP messages used bang path s , such as unc ... UUCP gateway, using routed email addresses such as cbosgd mark berkeley. These addresses were ... 1984, Horton recruited a group of volunteers to create the UUCP Mapping Project. ref http www.uucp.org uumap UUCP Mapping Project ref The project divided the world into geographic regions. A volunteer for each region maintained the region s UUCP connectivity map and posted it regularly to the comp.mail.maps ... domain use included .ARPA, .UUCP, .CSNET, and .BITNET as top level domains, representing four major email networks. In January 1986, Horton represented UUCP at a meeting ref cite journal last Partridge ... of registrars was the precursor to the ICANN domain name registry . Horton implemented the UUCP portion of the registry by reorganizing the UUCP Project into the UUCP Zone . With Tim Thompson, Horton registered 150 UUCP only organizations with officially sanctioned .COM and .EDU domains. mark stargate.com became a valid UUCP email address, even though the message was delivered via UUCP using dial up modem s. The UUCP Zone joined with Lauren Weinstein activist Lauren Weinstein s Stargate project ... AT&T Proprietary internal document year 1994 ref This package integrated the existing UUCP based ... more details
bit s Telebit TrailBlazer , for instance, the modem could send as many as 35 UUCP packets a second ... TCP Westwood TCP tuning External links http www.faqs.org faqs uucp internals section 7.html UUCP ... more details
Waffle is a Bulletin Board System bulletin board system created by Soylent Communications Tom Dell which ran under DOS and later UNIX . The software was unique in many ways, including the fact that all of the configuration files were in readable text files, and that it fully supported UUCP on the DOS platform. A Usenet news group named comp.bbs.waffle was created for discussion of the Waffle BBS System. The last version seems to be v1.65. It was possible to link Waffle under DOS to Fidonet and WWIV using external gateway utilities. External links http www.faqs.org faqs waffle faq comp.bbs.waffle FAQ http www.simtel.net product.php 5Bid 5D52140 5Bsekid 5D0 5BSiteID 5Dsimtel.net Waffle v1.65 still available from http www.simtel.net Simtel http software.bbsdocumentary.com IBM DOS WAFFLE More history Category Bulletin board system software Category Network protocols Category Usenet Network software stub es Waffle sistema computacional ... more details
EDSI , or Enterprise Data Systems Incorporated, was a computer Bulletin Board System BBS located in Appleton, Wisconsin . This system was running on an IBM PS 2 Model 55SX system with SCO Xenix 2.3.2. The system used the STARBASE II BBS Software and provided many local discussion rooms as well as full access to USENET and E Mail via a dialup UUCP connection. This was Fox Valley Wisconsin s first UNIX based BBS and provided many users with early Internet access. Besides dialup access, the System Administrator, Chuck Tomasi, often held meetings at his house where the system was located. The meetings featured a basement full of various Computer terminals where everyone could sit down at a terminal and login to the BBS. Once the dawn of the Internet arrived, and low cost dial up Internet access was available to everyone, people lost interest in connecting to these dialup BBS systems. Now, replaced by the World Wide Web , the BBS era remains a fond memory for many. Category Bulletin board systems ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2010 orphan date December 2009 XLINK originally was the eXterne Lokale Informatik Netz Karlsruhe the external connection of the computer science network of the universities in Karlsruhe, Germany . It was created in 1984, when it offered one of the first UUCP connections from Germany to the USA via UUNET , and from November 1989 it also offered Internet connectivity mainly to universities in the south of Germany. XLINK was one of the founding members of RIPE and of DENIC its autonomous system number autnum was AS517. It was transformed into part of a company in 1993, and as such, competed with the UniDO ISP incorporated as EUnet Germany for the title of first commercial Internet service provider in Germany. It was bought by Qwest in 1999 and contributed to and renamed to KPNQwest Germany in May 2000, which went bankrupt in the Internet bubble crash of 2002. Remnants exist in KPN Eurorings. References Reflist External links http www.xlink.de History of XLINK in German Category Internet in Germany Category Internet service providers ... more details
For the Canadian television news program, see A News TV series . Unreferenced date September 2009 A News , originally known simply as news, was the first widely distributed program for serving and reading Usenet newsgroups . The program, written at Duke University by Steve Daniel and Tom Truscott , was released on a tape given out at the June 1980 USENIX conference held at the University of Delaware . Steve Daniel from Duke offered a presentation on the then new Usenet network and invited attendees to join. The Version 7 Seventh Edition of Unix included a Motd Unix message of the day facility, which allowed the system operator to cause messages to be displayed to the user at login. A News so called because each message began with A as a marker character was an expansion of this facility that allowed news messages to be distributred across an arbitrary number of systems using the new uucp service. In addition to the login display, news articles could be read at any time from the command line. A user could also post new messages to the local machine by posting to a special default newsgroup called general or queue it for network wide transmission by placing it in a public group such as NET.general . The software was designed primarily for announcements, so the interface was extremely simple. There were no provisions built in for replying to articles over news e mail replies were supported , skipping over messages, or threading. Because the system was designed only with uucp in mind, posters were identified by their uucp bang path addresses, a feature that persists albeit more for identifying servers than users in modern Usenet. ARPAnet addressing was not supported. The message format was designed for compactness rather than flexibility, consistent with the slow dialup modem s used in 1980. The initial A dictated the layout of header and message information, and expansions would require changing the initial character. This scheme was abandoned after A news for the more ... more details
, with a bin in between. UUCP main UUCP Prior to the deployment of the Internet , computers were connected .... The UUCP store and forward protocols allowed a message typically e mail to move across the collection ... more details
A list of notable file transfer protocols List of file transfer protocols Primarily used with TCP IP 9P Apple Filing Protocol AFP BitTorrent protocol BitTorrent FTAM File Transfer Protocol FTP FTPS FTP over SSL FTPS HFTP HULFT ref http blogs.gxs.eu blog 2009 08 28 the incredible hulft E2 80 93 my favorite b2b network protocol ref Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP https HTTPS WebDAV Rcp Unix rcp rsync Simple Asynchronous File Transfer SAFT , bound to Transmission Control Protocol TCP ports TCP port 487 ref cite web url http fex.rus.uni stuttgart.de saft saft.html title SAFT Simple Asynchronous File Transfer author Ulli Horlacher date 2008 05 01 work publisher location doi archiveurl archivedate accessdate 2010 04 28 ref ref Secure copy SCP SSH file transfer protocol SFTP Simple File Transfer Protocol Primarily used with User Datagram Protocol UDP Fast And Secure Protocol Fast and Secure Protocol FASP File Service Protocol Multicast File Transfer Protocol Multipurpose Transaction Protocol Trivial File Transfer Protocol Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP designed for simplicity rather than speed Tsunami UDP Protocol UDP based Data Transfer Protocol UDP based Data Transfer Protocol UDT UFTP UDP Based FTP with Multicast Primarily used with direct modem connections ASCII dump BiModem CModem B protocol CompuServe B aka B protocol or CIS B JMODEM HS Link Kermit and variants Kermit protocol Kermit SuperKermit LeechModem Lynx protocol MEGAlink protocol NMODEM Punter protocol Punter family SEAlink SMODEM SuperK TELINK Tmodem UUCP and variants UUCP UUCP g XMODEM and variants MODEM7 Batch XMODEM XMODEM , XMODEM 1K, XMODEM G WXMODEM YMODEM and variants YMODEM , YMODEM 1K, YMODEM G ZMax ZMODEM See also File transfer Protocol computing Communications protocol Bulletin board system List of network protocols References Reflist External links http www.omen.com zmdmev.html Evolution and Selection of File Transfer Protocols by Chuck Forsberg DEFAULTSORT List Of File Transfer Protocols C ... more details
Davy Tweed born 13 November 1959 in Ballymoney , County Antrim is a former Irish rugby international and a councillor on Ballymena borough Ballymena Borough Council . Political career Tweed was first elected as a Democratic Unionist Party DUP councillor for the Ballymena South electoral district in 1997. ref name ARK http www.ark.ac.uk elections lgballymena.htm ARK archive on Ballymena elections ref . He was re elected for the DUP in 2001 and 2005. ref name ARK In 2007 Tweed was among six Ballymena DUP councillors who refused to canvass for the party in the Northern Ireland Assembly Assembly elections because of the DUP s policy of sharing power with Sinn F in . ref http www.newsletter.co.uk news Gang of six refuse to.2037474.jp Newsletter Gang of six refuse to campaign for DUP party leader ref All six resigned from the party and redesignated themselves as the Ulster Unionist Coalition Party UUCP . ref http www.nuzhound.com articles Sunday Times arts2007 jun3 Ballymena power sharing LClarke Sunday Times.php Sunday Times report of Ballymena split ref In 2009, four of the UUCP group left to join Traditional Unionist Voice TUV , ref http www.newsletter.co.uk news local uucp members jump ship 1 1884555 News Letter report of UUCP defections to TUV ref but Tweed remained with the UUCP along with councillor William Wilkinson, head of research for the unionist pressure group Families Acting for Innocent Relatives . In June 2010 Wilkinson was imprisoned, following his conviction for rape. ref http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi northern ireland 10465865.stm BBC report of Wilkinson s sentence ref Tweed subsequently joined Traditional Unionist Voice and was re elected in 2011 to Ballymena Borough Council. ref name ARK Tweed is a member of the Orange Order and belongs to a lodge in Dunloy . He has been involved in protests relating to the Parades Commission s restrictions on Orange marches in Dunloy. ref http www.newsletter.co.uk news?articleid 3028493 Dunloy lodge hits out at Being denie ... more details
MHSnet is a Store and forward store and forward messaging system for wide area networks. MHSnet and its precursor, SUN3 , were used to implement the Australian Computer Science network ACSnet ref http www.rogerclarke.com II OzI04.html 7584 ref . The system was originally developed at the University of Sydney by Piers Lauder and Bob Kummerfeld and was originally known as SUN3 Sydney University Network version 3 . Technically, it is similar in concept to UUCP in that it enabled the transfer of email, netnews, and files in an efficient manner over non dedicated links. In addition, it supported dynamic routing and a hierarchical name space avoiding the limitations of hardwired network addresses ref http sydney.edu.au engineering it bob mhs.html ref . MHSnet was a key technology in the introduction of Internet access in Australia . Due to the prohibitive costs of telecommunications structure, and the small amount of bandwidth available both internally and to other countries, MHSnet provided a system that could more efficiently utilise network resources. Gateways between the MHSnet system and the Internet were provided by many universities, and access to non academic users was granted in the early 1990s. Reflist External links http www.anu.edu.au people Roger.Clarke II OzIHist.html History of the Internet in Australia Category Network file transfer protocols Category History of the Internet fr .oz network software stub ... more details
The Linux Network Administrator s Guide NAG is a book on setting up and running Unix computer network networks . The first and second editions are freely available in electronic form under the GNU Free Documentation License GFDL . It was originally produced by Olaf Kirch and others as part of the Linux Documentation Project with help from O Reilly Media O Reilly . The second edition, from Terry Dawson , was released March 2000. The third edition of the guide was written by Tony Bautts , with assistance from Gregor N. Purdy in February 2005, but is not freely available like the previous two versions. It includes the following sections Introduction to Computer network Networking Issues of TCP IP Networking Configuring the Networking Hardware Setting up the Serial Hardware Configuring TCP IP Networking Name Service and Resolver Configuration Serial Line IP The Point to Point Protocol Various Network Applications The Network Information System The Network File System protocol Network File System Managing UUCP Electronic Mail Getting email Up and Running sendmail Sendmail IDA Netnews C News A Description of Network News Transfer Protocol NNTP News client Newsreader Configuration A glossary Annotated Bibliography. References FOLDOC External links The Second edition, http www.tldp.org LDP nag2 index.html The Third edition http www.oreilly.com catalog linag3 Linux Category 2005 books Category O Reilly Media books Category Books about Linux Category System administration ... more details
William or Bill Wilkinson may refer to William Arthur Wilkinson 1795 1865 , British Member of Parliament MP for Lambeth 1852 57 William Wilkinson diplomat ? 1820 ? , British Consul to Wallachia and Moldavia William Wilkinson architect 1819 1901 , Gothic Revival architect who practised in Oxford William Cleaver Wilkinson 1833 1920 , American Baptist minister and professor William Henry Wilkinson 1858 1930 , British Sinologist who served as Consul General for H.B.M in China and Korea in the 19th century William Wilkinson cricketer 1881 1961 , English cricketer and footballer Bill Wilkinson ice hockey born 1947 , Canadian college ice hockey coach Bill Wilkinson baseball born 1964 , American baseball player Will Wilkinson born 1973 , Canadian American libertarian writer William Wilkinson KKK , Imperial Wizard of the Invisible Empire Knights of the Ku Klux Klan from the mid 1970s to 1981 Bill Wilkinson, one of the chief authors of Atari BASIC William Wilkinson, former unionist Ulster Unionist Coalition Party UUCP and Families Acting for Innocent Relatives FAIR political activist in Northern Ireland hndis Wilkinson, William ... more details
saved book title Internet subtitle cover image Internet map 1024.jpg cover color Black Internet Overview Internet History of the Internet World Wide Web History of the World Wide Web Precursors and early development Intergalactic Computer Network ARPANET CSNET ENQUIRE International Packet Switched Service IPPS MILNET National Science Foundation Network NFSNET Telenet TELENET UUCP Usenet USENET X.25 Today s Internet Internet capitalization conventions Internet or internet ? Internet Protocol Suite Internet access Broadband Internet access Languages used on the Internet List of countries by number of Internet subscriptions List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions Internet governance Common uses Timeline of popular Internet services Email Web content File sharing Search engine Search Blogging Microblogging Social networking Remote access Collaborative software Internet phone Internet radio Internet television Video hosting service s Social impact Sociology of the Internet Internet censorship Internet censorship circumvention Internet censorship by country Organizations ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Internet Society Internet Architecture Board Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Governance Forum People Internet pioneers Category Wikipedia books on Internet Internet he ... more details
File EUnet logo.png right The roots of EUnet originally an abbreviation for European UNIX Network go back to 1982 and the first international UUCP connections. From a very loose collaboration of individual sites under the auspices of the EUUG European UNIX Users Group later EurOpen , it evolved to the fully commercial entity EUnet International Ltd. In April 1998 the company was sold to Qwest Communications International, which in turn later merged EUnet in to the illfated KPNQwest . Some of the ISPs operating under the name EUnet today can be traced back to the original EUnet, some not. Most national EUnet affiliate or subsidiaries predated other commercial Internet offerings in the respective countries by many years. To completely understand the importance and history of EUnet, it is important to realize that till the early 1990s nearly every European country had a telecommunications monopoly with an incumbent national Postal Telephone and Telegraph PTT and that commercial and non commercial provision of telecommunications services was prohibited or at least took place in a legal grey zone . During the same period, as part of an industrial political strategy to stop US domination of future network technology, the European Economic Community EC embarked on efforts to promote OSI protocols, founding for example R seaux Associ s pour la Recherche Europ enne RARE and associated national research network operators Deutsches Forschungsnetz DFN , SURFnet , SWITCH to name a few . Timeline 1982 UUCP links established between 4 countries UK, Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden br 1984 kremvax April Fools Joke br 1988 First IP links br 1990 First offerings for all comers br 1996 EUnet International formed by share swaps with seven of the national organisations br 1998 Sale to Qwest for 154.4 mio br People File EUnet Staff.jpg thumb right 250px EUnet staff meeting. Teus Hagen Daniel Karrenberg Piet Beertema Peter Collinson Keld Simonsen Bj rn Eriksen Julf Helsingius Glenn Kowack ... more details
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