Context date March 2009 Confusing date March 2009 The Zardoz list , more formally known as the Security Digest list , was a famous semi private full disclosure mailing list run by Neil Gorsuch from 1989 through 1991, identifying weaknesses in systems and where to find them. Zardoz is most notable for its status as a perennial target for Hacker computer security computer hackers , who sought archives of the list for information on undisclosed Vulnerability computer science software vulnerabilities . ref name Dreyfus cite book author Suelette Dreyfus and Julian Assange title Underground Suelette Dreyfus book Underground Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier year 1997 id ISBN 1 86330 595 5 publisher Mandarin ref Membership restrictions Access to Zardoz was approved on a case by case basis by Gorsuch, principally by reference to the user account used to send subscription requests requests were approved for Superuser root users, valid UUCP owners, or system administrators listed at the Internic NIC . ref http groups.google.com group news.groups msg 662733b4b544c271 ref The openness of the list to users other than Unix system administrators was a regular topic of conversation, with participants expressing concern that vulnerabilities or exploitation details disclosed on the list were liable to spread to hackers. On the other hand, the circulation of Zardoz postings among computer hackers was an open secret, mocked openly in a famous Phrack parody of an IRC channel populated by notable security experts. ref http artofhacking.com files phrack phrack43 live aoh p43 04.htm AOH Phrack, Inc. Issue 43 P43 04.TXT Bot generated title ref Notable participants Keith Bostic discussed BSD Sendmail vulnerabilities Chip Salzenberg discussed Peter Honeyman s posting of a UUCP Network worm worm , and shell script securityH Gene Spafford discussed VMS and Ultrix bugs, and relayed law enforcement enquiries about the Morris Worm Tom Christiansen discussed SUID sh ... more details
Netlib is a repository of software for scientific computing maintained by AT&T , Bell Laboratories , the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory . ref http www.netlib.org misc faq.html 2.1 Netlib FAQ Bot generated title ref Netlib comprises a large number of separate programs and library computing libraries . Most of the code is written in Fortran , with some programs in other languages. History The project began with email distribution on UUCP , ARPANET and CSNET in the 1980s.. ref Cite journal title Distribution of mathematical software via electronic mail author1 Jack J. Dongarra author2 Eric Grosse work Communications publisher Association of Computing Machinery date May 1987 volume 30 number 5 doi 10.1145 22899.22904 ref The code base of Netlib was written at a time when computer software was not yet considered a merchandise. Therefore, no license terms or terms of use are stated for many programs. Most of the code is work of US government employees and therefore in the public domain . This is clearly the case for SLATEC . The legal status of some other packages is not entirely clear. Netlib is indexed by the Guide to Available Mathematical Software . Contents Some well known packages maintained in Netlib are Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms BLAS EISPACK LAPACK LINPACK MINPACK QUADPACK The SLATEC package is special in that it comprises a number of other packages like BLAS and LINPACK. Other uses http www.netlib.com NetLib is also the name of a database encryption software company. Other projects GNU Scientific Library GSL , written in C and distributed under the GNU General Public License . References references External links http www.netlib.org www.netlib.org ftp ftp.netlib.org ftp.netlib.org Category Numerical software science software stub fr Netlib ja Netlib ... more details
RELCOM or Relcom lang ru , , an acronym for RELiable COMmunications is a computer network in Russia . It was launched in the Soviet Union on August 1, 1990 in the Kurchatov Institute in collaboration with DEMOS co operative although the engineering team at DEMOS at the time consisted mostly of Kurchatov Institute employees, some key members Mikhail Davidov , Vadim Antonov , Dmitry Volodin in the RELCOM team were never employed by Kurchatov Institute . It became one of the very first Russian computer networks and the first commercial internet service provider in the USSR and its development led to emerging of the Runet . Initially it was purely e mail network based on the UUCP protocol. During the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 the Relcom network was used to spread news about the event worldwide while the coup perpetrators were trying to suppress mass media activity through the KGB . ref http www.ibiblio.org pub docs about the net Usenet soviet.coup A Computer Network for Democracy and Development an August, 1991 report by Larry Press, a computer science professor at California State University ref Now it is managed by Relcom Business Network Ltd., a Russian ISP. See also Kremvax References references External links http www.relcom.ru Relcom website ru icon http www.relcom.ru English Relcom website en icon Category Computing in the Soviet Union Category Soviet inventions Category Science and technology in Russia Category Internet service providers of Russia Category 1990 establishments in the Soviet Union russia stub cv ru ... more details
Internex Online , usually known as io.org , was the first consumer dial up ISP in Canada , formed by the merger of r node and zooid BBS , two Bulletin board system and Usenet uucp systems, in early 1993. At its peak, it had about 10,000 customers, and was credited for leading in low cost access. In November 1995 Internex was bought by Greenlight Communications, and six months later Greenlight sold it, along with most of Greenlight s assets, to ACC Telenterprises, where it was quickly absorbed into their general pool of internet subscribers. Aside from its grass roots and hack ish beginnings, Internex Online was notable for an early commitment to provide free services free access was available during non peak times , as well as an involved community. Internex Online was the first home of iComm , a community initiative providing internet services to Charitable organization charitable and non profit organizations. External links http zooid.org vid io short history of io.html A Brief history of Internex Online by one of its founders http www.thefreelibrary.com Greenlight Communications Inc. Acquires Internex On Line Inc. a017547110 Greenlight Communications Inc. Acquires Internex On Line Inc. http www.thefreelibrary.com Greenlight Communications to Support ACC Telenterprises in Providing... a017983490 Greenlight Communications to Support ACC Telenterprises in Providing Internet Services to Ontario Colleges http www.highbeam.com doc 1G1 18280404.html Greenlight Communications Inc. Sells Internet Canada Corporation to ACC TelEnterprises Ltd. Canada company stub Category Internet service providers of Canada Category Companies disestablished in 1995 ... more details
Datakit is a virtual circuit switch which was developed at Bell Labs ref Datakit, from the Free On line Dictionary of Computing ref for both local area and wide area networks ref http techreports.lib.berkeley.edu accessPages CSD 88 474.html ref , and in widespread deployment by the Regional Bell Operating Companies RBOCs ref Network Dictionary By Javvin ref . Datakit uses a cell relay packet similar to X.25 . Datakit is a connection oriented switch hence all packets for a particular call travel through the network over the same virtual circuit . Datakit networks are still in widespread use by the major telephone companies in the United States. Interfaces to these networks include TCP IP and UDP, X.25, asynchronous protocols and several synchronous protocols, such as Synchronous Data Link Control SDLC , HDLC , Bisync and others. These networks support host to terminal traffic and vice versa, host to host traffic, file transfers, remote login, remote printing, and remote command execution. At the physical layer , it can operate over multiple media, from slow speed EIA 232 to 500Mbit fiber optic links including 10 100 Megabit ethernet links. Most of Bell Laboratories was trunked together via Datakit networking. On top of Datakit transport service, several operating systems including UNIX implemented UUCP for electronic mail and dkcu for remote login. ref http www.phrack.com issues.html?issue 18&id 9 article ref Datakit uses a cell relay protocol called Universal Receiver Protocol URP that spreads PDU overhead across multiple packets and performs immediate packet processing. URP assumes that packets arrive in order and may force retransmissions if not. The Information Systems Network ISN was the version of Datakit that was supported by the former AT&T Information Systems . Datakit is supported today by Datatek Applications, Inc. under license from Alcatel Lucent Inc., the present owner of Bell Labs. References references See also X.25 Category Wide area networks Categor ... more details
The Network Information Center Argentina , or NIC Argentina , is an office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Argentina responsible for operating the .ar country code top level domain ccTLD . Delegation for the .ar ccTLD, was requested on August 20, 1987, as part of the transition to the Internet Domain Name System. The delegation was approved and became effective on September 13, 1987. Since then, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Argentina has been the sole sponsor and entity responsible for the management of Internet Domain Names for the .AR ccTLD, this role was reaffirmed by http infoleg.gov.ar infolegInternet anexos 105000 109999 105119 norma.htm Executive Decree 267 2005 on April 4, 2005. Until Argentina was able to establish its first permanent connection to the global Internet, name services were provided by UUNET . The NIC DDN WHOIS entry for AR DOM in 1991 showed pre Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto AR DOM Departamento de Informatica Recoquista 1088 Buenos Aires 1003 ARGENTINA Domain Name AR Administrative Contact Porter, Sergio SP48 SERGIOP ATINA.AR 54 1 311 0071 Technical Contact Amodio, Jorge Marcelo JMA49 PETE ATINA.AR 54 1313 8082 Zone Contact Chapman, Malcom MC328 malcom atina.ar 54 1 313 8082 Record last updated on 24 Mar 91. Domain servers in listed order NS.UU.NET 137.39.1.3 UUCP GW 1.PA.DEC.COM 16.1.0.18 Top Level domain for Argentine Republic For information concerning this domain, please consult the Administrative Contact listed above. pre Current contact information for the .AR ccTLD can be obtained from the http www.iana.org domains root db ar.html IANA Root Zone Database . External links http www.nic.ar Network Information Center Argentina NIC official site. http www.internet argentina.net Historia y Evolucion de Internet en Argentina Spanish only Category Domain registries es NIC Argentina ... more details
problems for file transfer protocols, e.g., UUCP g or Kermit, where a small packet of data was sent ... popular in the Unix world, as it could dramatically improve UUCP throughput, even at low connection ... UUCP mail could pay for the price of a TrailBlazer in long distance savings fairly quickly. The Trailblazers ... country to the Internet , at first by UUCP , then by other means. Now, faster connections ... of Telebit http www.ntsnh.com telebitproduct.htm Telebit Product Repair http www.faqs.org faqs uucp internals section 7.html UUCP g Protocol Category Telecommunications equipment vendors Category Defunct ... more details
, including addresses. Some examples of MMDF channels are SMTP , UUCP , and local for delivering ... per domain name parameters for the particular channel, such as the UUCP node name or IP address . Alias ... more details
Multiple issues primary sources August 2007 essay like June 2011 lead missing September 2009 1. Short Background of the Indonesian Internet br The Internet in Indonesia, like most countries, was started at university campuses, but unlike the US, without the involvement of the Military. In the beginning ITB Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Institute of Technology and UI University of Indonesia Universitas Indonesia were the pioneering institutions. The University of Indonesia was especially active in the development of the Indonesian internet, with IANA appointing the University of Indonesia s Mr. Rahmat M. Samik Ibrahim as the Top level domain Top Level Domain for Indonesia with the country code .id The basic internet service that was first introduced in Indonesia was UUCP Unix to Unix Copy Protocol , for exchanging e mail with others in Indonesia as well as the global internet. Without military or other government aid, the high cost of international dedicated transmission was not an option for the connection, and therefore List of country calling codes International Direct Dialing IDD was used for the UUCP link. a. ISP s in Indonesia br The first Internet service provider Internet Service Provider ISP in Indonesia was Indonet http www.indo.net.id , which started operation at Jakarta in 1994 before the government began issuing licenses for ISP operations. Indonet initiated its internet connectivity with a 9600 bit s modem dialing through IDD to Singapore. Through this connection, Telnet TELNET and Internet Relay Chat IRC services were available freely to anyone with a modem. In 1995, the Indonesian government decided to issue internet service licenses through the Department of Post and Telecommunications, seeing the internet as being an industry tightly connected to the Telecommunication telecommunications industry . Two licenses was then issued, to Indonet and to RadNet http www.rad.net.id , thus marking the beginning of commercial internet services in Indonesia. ... more details
infobox software logo screenshot Image Fetchmailconf01.png frameless caption Screenshot of fetchmail launcher author Eric S. Raymond developer released latest release version 6.3.21 latest release date release date and age 2011 08 21 ref cite web title File Release Notes and Changelog url http developer.berlios.de project shownotes.php?group id 1824&release id 18743 date 2011 08 21 accessdate 2011 09 09 ref latest preview version latest preview date operating system Unix like platform language genre E mail license GNU General Public License website http www.fetchmail.info Fetchmail is an open source software open source software utility for POSIX compliant operating systems which is used to retrieve e mail from a remote Post Office Protocol POP3 , Internet Message Access Protocol IMAP , ETRN or On Demand Mail Relay ODMR mail server to the user s local system. It was developed from the popclient program, written by Carl Harris. ref cite web url http www.fetchmail.info esrs design notes.html title Eric S. Raymond s former Design Notes On Fetchmail author Raymond, Eric accessdate 2007 04 03 ref Its chief significance is perhaps that its author, Eric S. Raymond , used it as a model to discuss his theories of open source software development in a widely read and influential essay on software development methodologies, The Cathedral and the Bazaar . Design By design Fetchmail s only means of delivering messages is by submitting them to the local MTA delivering directly to mail folders such as maildir is not supported. Some programmers, including Dan Bernstein , getmail creator Charles Cazabon and FreeBSD developer Terry Lambert, have criticized Fetchmail s design, ref cite web url http docs.freebsd.org cgi getmsg.cgi?fetch 585008 0 archive 2001 freebsd arch 20010218.freebsd arch title UUCP must stay fetchmail sucks was list o things accessdate 2007 04 05 author Lambert, Terry ref its number of security holes, ref cite web title getmail frequently asked questions url http ... more details
refimprove date April 2008 Politics of Northern Ireland The United Unionist Coalition UUC , formerly known as the United Unionist Assembly Party , was a minor Unionists Ireland unionist political formation in Northern Ireland . It is not to be confused with the similarly named Ulster Unionist Coalition Party UUCP . Northern Ireland Assembly The UUC was formed by three members of the Northern Ireland Assembly who had been elected as independent unionists in Northern Ireland Assembly Election, 1998 1998 , and decided to form themselves into an official grouping to avail of facilities provided by the Assembly to parties. As such they were more a coalition of political expediency rather than a coherent political party . The founders of the group, which was initially called the United Unionist Assembly Party , were Fraser Agnew , Boyd Douglas and Denis Watson politician Denis Watson all of whom have since left the grouping . The grouping subsequently registered with the Electoral Commission United Kingdom Electoral Commission as the United Unionist Coalition , a name recalling the anti Sunningdale Agreement bloc of Unionist parties in the 1970s, the United Ulster Unionist Council United Ulster Unionist Coalition . Watson subsequently joined the Democratic Unionist Party . In the Northern Ireland Assembly Election, 2003 2003 Assembly elections the UUC secured only 0.4 of first preference votes and all three UUC members lost their seats. The UUC did not contest the Northern Ireland Assembly Election, 2007 2007 or Northern Ireland Assembly Election, 2011 2011 Assembly elections . Local government Following the 2005 Northern Ireland local government elections, 2005 local government elections the UUC had two elected councillors Agnew on Newtownabbey Borough Council and Douglas on Limavady Borough Council . A mid term defection led to the party gaining one council seat in Limavady. In January 2011 Agnew left the UUC, returning to the Ulster Unionist Party . ref http www.uup.or ... more details
of pseudo domains like .uucp or second level domains like gov.uk, thereby creating a practice that has ... of .dk a dual naming with both .uucp and .dk names was introduced. Of these, diku.dk and ibt.dk can be said to be the oldest names, as these were the initial names on the Danish UUCP network ... more details
Michael E. Lesk is a computer programmer . In the 1960s, Michael Lesk worked for the SMART Information Retrieval System project, wrote much of its retrieval code and did many of the retrieval experiments, as well as obtaining a PhD in Chemical Physics . In the 1970s, he worked at Bell Labs , in the group that built Unix . Lesk wrote Unix tools for word processing tbl , Refer software refer , and the standard ms macro package, all for troff , for compiling Lex programming tool Lex , and for networking uucp . He also wrote the Portable I O Library the predecessor to stdio.h in C programming language C and contributed significantly to the development of the C language preprocessor. ref cite web url http cm.bell labs.com cm cs who dmr chist.html title The Development of the C Language author Dennis M. Ritchie publisher Association for Computing Machinery year 1993 accessdate 2011 03 08 ref In the 1980s, Lesk worked on specific information systems applications, mostly with geography a system for driving directions and dictionary dictionaries a system for Word sense disambiguation disambiguating words in context , as well as running a research group at Bellcore now Telcordia Technologies . In the 1990s, Lesk worked on a large chemical information system, the CORE project, with Cornell University Cornell , Online Computer Library Center , American Chemical Society , and Chemical Abstracts Service . At the National Science Foundation , he administrated the Digital Library Initiative phase 1 DLI 1, 1994 1997 , which provided funding for Stanford University s research project in search engines that led to the foundation of Google . From 1998 to 2002, Lesk headed NSF s Division of Information and Intelligent Systems. Currently, he is on the faculty of the Library and Information Science Department, School of Communication & Information, Rutgers University . Lesk received the Flame award for lifetime achievement from Usenix in 1994, is a Fellow of the Association for Computing ... more details
Image Tiigrih pe logo.svg thumb Tiigrih pe logo Tiigrih pe Estonian language Estonian for Tiger s Leap was a project undertaken by Republic of Estonia to heavily invest in development and expansion of computer and network infrastructure in Estonia, with a particular emphasis on education. The project was first proposed in 1996 by Toomas Hendrik Ilves , then ambassador of Estonia to USA and later President of Estonia , and Jaak Aaviksoo , then minister of Education. The project was announced by Lennart Meri , the President of Estonia , on 21 February 1996. Funds for the foundation of Tiigrih pe were first allocated in national budget of 1997. An important primary effect of the project was rollout of Internet access to all Estonian schools, which effectively ended UUCP usage in Estonia, combined with installing computer lab s in most schools, and replacing those that already existed with IBM PC based parks. Due to an economic and technologic lag effected on Estonia by the Soviet occupation of Baltic states Soviet occupation , CP M based 8 bit computer systems were not yet a rare sight in Estonian schools in the middle of the 1990s. After the Cyberattacks on Estonia 2007 , Estonia combined network defence with its common military doctrine. Success of the process led to NATO creating the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in Tallinn . This project has been nicknamed Tiger s Defence lang et Tiigrikaitse by analogy with Tiigrih pe. ref cite web publisher Office of the President of Estonia date 25 June 2007 url http www.president.ee et ametitegevus ametlikud teated.php?gid 96087 title President Ilves kohtus Ameerika hendriikide riigipeaga accessdate 24 February 2012 ref See also Noored Kooli , a project to increase the number of teachers in Estonia Estonica , a project on creating Estonian encyclop dia partially funded through Tiigrih pe EstWin , a project to connect all Estonians to internet with 100 mbit s speed by 2015 References reflist External links ... more details
Armando P Stettner is a computer engineer and architect who is most widely known for spearheading the native VAX version of Unix, Ultrix , during his tenure at Digital Equipment Corporation. ref cite book title A history of modern computing last Ceruzzi first Paul E. authorlink Paul E. Ceruzzi year 2003 publisher MIT Press isbn 9780262532037 page 336 ref Biography Stettner designed and produced the original UNIX Live free or die Unix Live Free or Die license plate. He also ported UNIX to DEC s symmetric multiprocessing VAX 11 782 system, though based upon Purdue University s asymmetric kernel. With Bill Shannon, Stettner was responsible for establishing near realtime UUCP based connections between UC Berkeley and Duke University. Later, Stettner proposed a dynamic compression capability be added to the netnews facilities. Once this was implemented, he went on to establish near realtime netnews feeds news feeds to Europe, Japan and Australia. ref cite book title Casting the Net From the ARPAnet to the Internet and beyond last Salus first Peter H. authorlink Peter H. Salus year 1995 publisher Addison Wesley isbn 9780201876741 page 135 ref At a conference, he relayed the conversation during a budget review with financial department staff of the nearly 250,000 in phone bills attributed to his department s timesharing computer known as decvax explaining that these were computers talking. That seemed to satisfy the finance people. At a meeting hosted by DEC, Stettner suggested the creation of Open Software Foundation OSF , an early collaborative organization for developing open Unix standards. ref cite book title A quarter century of UNIX last Salus first Peter H. authorlink Peter H. Salus year 1994 publisher Addison Wesley isbn 9780201547771 page 218 ref He later wrote the first version of its charter and approached Apollo, HP, and IBM to form the organization. Stettner was also one of the original members of the RISC based DECstation DECstation 3100 core design team. Mo ... more details
The history of Internet in Sweden can be considered to have begun in 1984, when the first Swedish Computer network network was connected to the Internet in Gothenburg . In the past, however, were data links between some colleges and universities with access via modem and UUCP to the European part of the Internet. Internet s predecessor ARPANET took its start around 1969 in California , United States USA . It took until 1988 before any access to the Internet of importance came to Sweden, where the higher education network SUNET got a direct connection to the USA. Internet became available to the Swedish public in 1994 when Algonet as the first operator connected the Swedish Internet with the Swedish Public switched telephone network telephone network via modem pools. The usage cost were made up of a fixed monthly fee and per minute charges as with any other telephone call that TeliaSonera Telia s monopoly on voice telephony demanded. Since being online for a longer time was very costly some began to use the illegal practices of using toll free telephone number s 020 in Sweden with hijacked credit cards to stay online without charges. cn date April 2012 In 1996 the Internet became available for a flat monthly fee in ngelholm where the local cable TV company began to offer connectivity via Cable modem Cable TV modems with an Ethernet interface. A big change started in 1999 when Bredbandsbolaget concluded a Framework Agreement with housing movement HSB Sweden HSB and a large number of condominium apartments were given access to the Internet. This led Telia to come up with a similar offer, and soon a market where created where Bredbandsbolaget and Telia were just two of several players. In 2001, Asymmetric digital subscriber line ADSL were made available, in beginning only from Telia who decided over the existing copper cables and with the billing for the transferred amount of data. But this practice ceased within nowrap 1 2 years because of competition. The companies a ... more details
Activities Board IAB li 1980 USENET news using UUCP li 1980 Ethernet standard introduced li 1981 ... hobbyist hackers and amateur radio operator s. Citation needed date June 2009 UUCP and Usenet Main UUCP Usenet In 1979, two students at Duke University , Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis computing Jim Ellis ... line UUCP connection with nearby University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Following public release of the software, the mesh of UUCP hosts forwarding on the Usenet news rapidly expanded. UUCPnet .... UUCP networks spread quickly due to the lower costs involved, ability to use existing leased lines ... were local. By 1981 the number of UUCP hosts had grown to 550, nearly doubling to 940 in 1984. Sublink ... upon UUCP to redistribute mail and news groups messages throughout its Italian nodes about 100 .... ref http www.faqs.org faqs uucp internals UUCP Internals Frequently Asked Questions ref Merging ... UUCP or FidoNet and relied on the gateways between these networks and the Internet. Some gateway services ... via UUCP or e mail. Finally, the Internet s remaining centralized routing aspects were removed. The Exterior ... about the transition of the European side of the UUCP Usenet network much of which ran over ... of the Internet across the existing UUCP networks, and in 1989 CERN opened its first external TCP ... Australian universities formed, based on various technologies such as X.25 and UUCP Net. These were ... UUCP dial up or X.25 connections. In 1989, Australian universities joined the push towards using ... to penetrate Asia in the late 1980s. Japan, which had built the UUCP based network JUNET in 1984 ... and 2400 baud modem UUCP links for international and internetwork computer communications. In August ..., the exact definition of commercial use could be unclear and subjective. UUCP Net and the X.25 ... and NSFNET connections. Some UUCP links still remained connecting to these networks however ..., UUCP based email and Usenet Usenet News to the public. The first commercial dialup ISP in the United ... more details
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