Ubiquitin is a small Regulatory protein regulatory protein that has been found in almost all tissues ... protein recycling. Pfam box Symbol ubiquitin Name Ubiquitin family image Ubiquitin cartoon 2 .png width 375px caption A diagram of ubiquitin . The seven lysine sidechains are shown in orange. Pfam ... 25 95 PDB3 2bf8 B 25 95 PDB3 1l2n A 27 96 PDB3 1euv B 27 96 Ubiquitin can be attached to proteins and label them for destruction. The ubiquitin tag directs proteins to the proteasome , which is a large ... quote accessdate 2010 10 16 ref Ubiquitin tags can also direct proteins to other locations in the cell, where they control other protein and cell mechanisms. Identification Ubiquitin originally ... of unknown function expressed in all eukaryote eukaryotic cells. The basic functions of ubiquitin ... of free APF 1. Soon after APF 1 protein conjugation was characterised, APF 1 was identified as ubiquitin. The carboxyl group of the C terminal glycine residue of ubiquitin Gly76 was identified as the moiety ... right style margin left 1em Ubiquitin properties human style background 6699CC Number of residues ... 6699CC Gene names style background 99CCFF RPS27A UBA80, UBCEP1 , UBA52 UBCEP2 , Ubiquitin B UBB , Ubiquitin C UBC Ubiquitin is a small protein that exists in all eukaryote eukaryotic cell biology .... A variety of Function and variety of ubiquitin modifications different modifications can occur. The ubiquitin ... species Human and yeast ubiquitin share 96 sequence identity . The human ubiquitin sequence in Amino ... Ubiquitin is encoded in mammals by 4 different genes. Ubiquitin A 52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 UBA52 and RPS27A genes code for a single copy of ubiquitin fused to the ribosomal proteins L40 and S27a, respectively. The Ubiquitin B UBB and Ubiquitin C UBC genes code for polyubiquitin ... involved in the control of ubiquitin homeostasis journal J Biochem year 2010 volume 147 issue 6 pages 793 8 pmid 20418328 doi 10.1093 jb mvq044 ref Origins No ubiquitin and ubiquitination machinery ... more details
enzyme Name Ubiquitin protein ligase EC number 6.3.2.19 CAS number 74812 49 0 IUBMB EC number 6 3 2 19 GO code 0051444 image 4a4c.png width caption E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl blue in complex with E2 cyan and substrate peptide green . PDB entry PDBe 4a4c ref cite pmid 22266821 ref A ubiquitin ligase also called an E3 ubiquitin ligase is a protein that in combination with an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme causes the attachment of ubiquitin to a lysine on a target protein via an isopeptide bond the E3 ubiquitin ligase targets specific protein substrates for degradation by the proteasome . In general, the ubiquitin ligase is involved in polyubiquitination A second ubiquitin is attached to the first ..., in which only a single ubiquitin is added by the ubiquitin ligase to a substrate molecule. Mono ... capable of binding ubiquitin. Citation needed date September 2011 Further complicating matters, different lysines on ubiquitin can be targeted by an E3 to make chains. The most common lysine is Lys48 on the ubiquitin chain. This is the lysine used to make polyubiquitin, which is recognized by the proteasome ..., among other functions. Overview In enzymology , an ubiquitin protein ligase EC number 6.3.2.19 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP ubiquitin protein lysine math rightleftharpoons ... are adenosine triphosphate ATP , ubiquitin , and protein lysine , whereas its 3 product ... D amino acid ligases peptide synthases . The systematic name of this enzyme class is ubiquitin protein lysine N ligase AMP forming . This enzyme is also called ubiquitin activating enzyme . This enzyme participates in 3 metabolism metabolic pathways ubiquitin mediated proteolysis , parkinson ... system The ubiquitin ligase is referred to as an E3, and operates in conjunction with an ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme and an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme . There is one major E1 enzyme, shared by all ubiquitin ligases, that uses ... more details
PBB geneid 7314 Ubiquitin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBB gene . ref name pmid2154095 ... year 1990 month Mar pmid 2154095 pmc 1684968 doi ref Function Ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin is required for Adenosine triphosphate ATP dependent, non lysosome lysosomal .... Ubiquitin is covalently bound to proteins to be degraded, and presumably labels these proteins for degradation. Ubiquitin also binds to histone H2A in actively transcribed regions but does not cause histone H2A degradation, suggesting that ubiquitin is also involved in regulation of gene expression. This gene consists of three direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence with no spacer sequence ... ubiquitin as a marker for proteasomal dysfunction in the brain journal FASEB J volume 17 issue ... title Entrez Gene UBB ubiquitin B url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... Conaway RC, Brower CS, Conaway JW title Emerging roles of ubiquitin in transcription regulation ... cite journal author Murphey RK, Godenschwege TA title New roles for ubiquitin in the assembly ... WJ last5 Varley first5 JM cite journal author Pancr V title Effect of ubiquitin on platelet functions ... PG title The human ubiquitin 52 amino acid fusion protein gene shares several structural features ..., Hollander MC, Lamoreaux E title Ubiquitin mRNA is a major stress induced transcript in mammalian cells ... human ubiquitin reveals that ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding poly ubiquitin in human ovarian granulosa cells journal Biochem ... 291X 87 90970 3 cite journal author Wiborg O title The human ubiquitin multigene family some genes contain multiple directly repeated ubiquitin coding sequences journal EMBO J. volume 4 issue 3 pages ... author Baker RT, Board PG title The human ubiquitin gene family structure of a gene and pseudogenes ... Structure of ubiquitin refined at 1.8 A resolution journal J. Mol. Biol. volume 194 issue 3 pages 531 ... more details
PBB geneid 10537 Ubiquitin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBD gene . ref name pmid9368598 cite journal author Bates EE, Ravel O, Dieu MC, Ho S, Guret C, Bridon JM, Ait Yahia S, Briere F, Caux C, Banchereau J, Lebecque S title Identification and analysis of a novel member of the ubiquitin family expressed in dendritic cells and mature B cells journal Eur J Immunol volume 27 issue 10 pages 2471 7 year 1997 month Dec pmid 9368598 pmc doi 10.1002 eji.1830271002 ref ref name pmid8662070 cite journal author Fan W, Cai W, Parimoo S, Schwarz DC, Lennon GG, Weissman SM title Identification of seven new human MHC class I region genes around the HLA F locus journal Immunogenetics volume 44 issue 2 pages 97 103 year 1996 month Aug pmid 8662070 pmc doi 10.1007 BF02660056 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene UBD ubiquitin D url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 10537 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary ... Marcus, Schmidtke Gunter year 2004 month Apr. title NEDD8 ultimate buster 1L interacts with the ubiquitin ... W, Collinge M, Bender J R, Weissman S M year 1999 month Apr. title A MHC encoded ubiquitin like protein ... 2006 pmid 16808324 doi cite journal author Ott DE, Coren LV, Copeland TD, et al. title Ubiquitin ... C, et al. title A MHC encoded ubiquitin like protein FAT10 binds noncovalently to the spindle ... B, Calistri A, Accola MA, et al. title A role for ubiquitin ligase recruitment in retrovirus release ... Late assembly domain function can exhibit context dependence and involves ubiquitin residues implicated ... for ubiquitin in Tat mediated transactivation of the HIV 1 promoter. journal Nat. Cell Biol. volume ... Hipp MS, Raasi S, Groettrup M, Schmidtke G title NEDD8 ultimate buster 1L interacts with the ubiquitin ... cite journal author Hipp MS, Kalveram B, Raasi S, et al. title FAT10, a ubiquitin independent signal ... more details
PBB geneid 7316 Ubiquitin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBC gene . ref name pmid1315303 Cite journal author Board PG, Coggan M, Baker RT, Vuust J, Webb GC title Localization of the human UBC polyubiquitin gene to chromosome band 12q24.3 journal Genomics volume 12 issue 4 pages 639 42 year 1992 month May pmid 1315303 pmc doi 10.1016 0888 7543 92 90287 3 ref ref name pmid11872750 Cite journal author Marinovic AC, Zheng B, Mitch WE, Price SR title Ubiquitin UbC expression in muscle cells ... ref ref name entrez Cite web title Entrez Gene UBC ubiquitin C url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez ... title summary text Interactions Ubiquitin C has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact ..., Kellenberger Stephan, Staub Olivier year 2008 month Oct. title Vasopressin inducible ubiquitin ... with and is ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligase ROC1 journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume ... year 2008 month Aug. title Ubiquitin chain editing revealed by polyubiquitin linkage specific antibodies ... M year 2008 month May. title CARP 2 is an endosome associated ubiquitin ligase for RIP and regulates ... functions as a ubiquitin ligase for proliferating cell nuclear antigen polyubiquitination journal PNAS ... K, Aki M, et al. title Changes in expressions of proteasome and ubiquitin genes in human renal cancer ... author Baker RT, Board PG title Unequal crossover generates variation in ubiquitin coding unit number ... Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding poly ubiquitin in human ovarian granulosa cells. journal ... ubiquitin multigene family some genes contain multiple directly repeated ubiquitin coding sequences ... Ubiquitin is covalently attached to the p6Gag proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ... Kim NS, Yamaguchi T, Sekine S, et al. title Cloning of human polyubiquitin cDNAs and a ubiquitin binding ... al. title A role for ubiquitin ligase recruitment in retrovirus release. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... can exhibit context dependence and involves ubiquitin residues implicated in endocytosis. journal J ... more details
enzyme Name Ubiquitin protein ligase EC number 6.3.2.19 CAS number 74812 49 0 IUBMB EC number 6 3 2 19 GO code 0051444 image width caption Pfam box Symbol UBQ conjugat E2 Name Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, E2 Pfam PF00179 InterPro IPR000608 SMART SM00212 PROSITE PDOC00163 PDB PDB 1a3s PDB 1ayz PDB 1c4z PDB 1fbv PDB 1fxt PDB 1fzy PDB 1i7k PDB 1j74 PDB 1j7d PDB 1jas Ubiquitin conjugating enzymes , also known as E2 enzymes and more rarely as ubiquitin carrier enzymes , perform the second step in the ubiquitination reaction that targets a protein for degradation via the proteasome .The ubiquitination process covalent ly attaches ubiquitin , a short protein of 76 amino acid s, to a lysine residue on the target protein. Once a protein has been tagged with one ubiquitin molecule, additional rounds of ubiquitination form a polyubiquitin chain that is recognized by the proteasome s 19S regulatory particle, triggering the adenosine triphosphate ATP dependent denaturation biochemistry unfolding of the target protein that allows passage into the proteasome s 20S core particle, where protease s degrade ... A ubiquitin activating enzyme or E1 first activates the ubiquitin by covalently attaching the molecule to its active site cysteine residue. The activated ubiquitin is then transferred to an E2 cysteine. Once conjugated to ubiquitin, the E2 molecule binds one of several ubiquitin ligase s or E3s via ... the ubiquitin from the E2 cysteine to a lysine residue on the target protein. ref name Nandi cite ... The ubiquitin proteasome system journal Journal of biosciences volume 31 issue 1 pages 137 55 year ... title Protein interaction analysis of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase subunits from Arabidopsis journal The Plant ... doi 10.1046 j.1365 313X.2003.01768.x ref Isozymes The following human genes encode ubiquitin conjugating ... gene UFC1 Div col end See also UbiquitinUbiquitin activating enzyme Ubiquitin ligase References Reflist External links ELM MOD SUMO MeshName Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes Ubiquitin conjugating enzymes ... more details
Orphan date November 2010 enzyme Name ubiquitin calmodulin ligase EC number 6.3.2.21 CAS number 119632 60 9 IUBMB EC number 6 3 2 21 GO code 0050372 image width caption In enzymology , an ubiquitin calmodulin ligase EC number 6.3.2.21 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction n ATP calmodulin n ubiquitin math rightleftharpoons math n AMP n diphosphate ubiquitin n calmodulin The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , calmodulin , and ubiquitin , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine monophosphate AMP , diphosphate , and ubiquitin n calmodulin . This enzyme belongs to the family of ligase s, specifically those forming carbon nitrogen bonds as acid D amino acid ligases peptide synthases . The systematic name of this enzyme class is calmodulin ubiquitin ligase AMP forming . Other names in common use include ubiquityl calmodulin synthase , ubiquitin calmodulin synthetase , ubiquityl calmodulin synthetase , and uCaM synthetase . References reflist 1 cite journal doi 10.1515 bchm3.1988.369.2.1325 author Jennissen HP, Laub M year 1988 title Ubiquitin calmodulin conjugating activity from cardiac muscle journal Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler volume 369 pages 1325&ndash 30 pmid 2853950 issue 12 cite journal doi 10.1515 bchm3.1988.369.2.1317 author Ziegenhagen R, Jennissen HP year 1988 title Multiple ubiquitination of vertebrate calmodulin by reticulocyte lysate and inhibition of calmodulin conjugation by phosphorylase kinase journal Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler volume 369 pages 1317&ndash 24 pmid 2853949 issue 12 Category EC 6.3.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ligase stub ... more details
enzyme Name Ubiquitin protein ligase EC number 6.3.2.19 CAS number 74812 49 0 IUBMB EC number 6 3 2 19 GO code 0051444 image Ubiquitin activating enzyme bound to Ubiquitin.png width caption Crystal structure of the yeast ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 ubiquitin complex. ref name pmid18662542 PDB 3CMM cite journal author Lee I, Schindelin H title Structural insights into E1 catalyzed ubiquitin activation ... July pmid 18662542 doi 10.1016 j.cell.2008.05.046 url ref Ubiquitin activating enzymes , also known ... via a proteasome . This covalent attachment of ubiquitin or ubiquitin like proteins to targeted ... name Schulman cite journal author Schulman BA, Harper JW title Ubiquitin like protein activation by E1 ... by post transcriptional modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin like proteins. ref name Schulman Overview of ubiquitination ubiquitylation Ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 starts the ubiquitination process Figure 1 . The E1 enzyme along with ATP binds to the ubiquitin protein. The E1 enzyme then passes the ubiquitin protein to a second protein, called Ubiquitin carrier or Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme conjugation protein E2 . The E2 protein complexes with an Ubiquitin ligase Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 . This Ubiquitin protein ligase recognizes which protein needs to be tagged and catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin to that protein. This pathway repeats itself until the target protein has a full chain of ubiquitin attached to itself. ref name Lecker cite journal author Lecker SH, Goldberg AL, Mitch WE title Protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in normal and disease states ... cascade, the E1 enzyme Figure 2 binds ATP Mg sup 2 sup and ubiquitin and catalyses ubiquitin C terminal acyl adenylation. ref name Zeynep cite journal author Tokg z Z, Bohnsack RN, Haas AL title Pleiotropic effects of ATP.Mg2 binding in the catalytic cycle of ubiquitin activating ... enzyme attacks the ubiquitin AMP complex through acyl substitution, simultaneously creating ... more details
Prokaryotic ubiquitin like protein Pup functional analog of ubiquitin found in prokaryote Mycobacterium tuberculosis . ref name Pup paper Cite pmid 18832610 ref Serves the same function, although the enzymology of ubiquitylation and pupylation is different. In contrast to the three step reaction of ubiquitylation, pupylation requires two steps, therefore only two enzymes are involved in pupylation. Similar to ubiquitin, Pup attaches to specific lysine residues of substrate proteins by forming isopeptide bonds to target the proteins for proteasomal degradation. Therefore, like eukaryotes, bacteria may use a small protein modifier to control protein stability. Pfam box Symbol Pup Name Pup like protein family image Pup prokaryotic ubiquitin like protein.png width 375px caption Three Prokaryotic ubiquitin like proteins blue attached to proteasomal ATPase Mpa red Pfam PF05639 InterPro SMART EntrezGene EU914921 Prosite SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB2 3M91 , PDB2 3M9D Pup gene encode a 64 amino acid protein with a molecular size of 6.944 Atomic mass unit kDa align left style border color 338899 border style solid border width 2px margin top 1em MAQEQTKRGGGGGDDDDIAGSTAAGQERREKLTEETDDLLDEIDDVLEENAEDFVRAYVQKGGQ clear References reflist See also Ubiquitin SUMO protein Category Proteins ... more details
family whose products hydrolyze small C terminal adducts of ubiquitin to generate the ubiquitin ... cite web title Entrez Gene UCHL1 ubiquitin carboxyl terminal esterase L1 ubiquitin thiolesterase url .... ref cite journal author Gong B title Ubiquitin hydrolase Uch L1 rescues beta amyloid induced decreases ... journal PLoS Computational Biology date 2006 09 15 pmid 16978047 pmc 1570178 ref Interactions Ubiquitin ... ref See also UCHL3 Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal esterase L3 the gene UCHL3 References reflist Further ... Jo l cite journal author Edwards YH title The gene for human neurone specific ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase ... 9.5 PGP9.5 , a neuron specific ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase journal Biochem. J. volume 268 issue ... by ubiquitin C terminal hydrolases identification of two active site residues journal Biochemistry ... CN, Krantz BA, Wilkinson KD title Substrate specificity of deubiquitinating enzymes ubiquitin ... doi 10.1021 bi972274d cite journal author Leroy E title The ubiquitin pathway in Parkinson s disease ... MH title Intron exon structure of ubiquitin c terminal hydrolase L1 journal DNA Res. volume ... S title Low frequency of pathogenic mutations in the ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase gene in familial ... BS title The Ile93Met mutation in the ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase L1 gene is not observed ... title Intragenic deletion in the gene encoding ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase in gad mice journal ... last9 Ichihara first9 Nobutsune cite journal author Mellick GD, Silburn PA title The ubiquitin carboxy ... and shows a tight intermolecular interaction with ubiquitin in Lewy bodies journal Acta ... PDB Gallery geneid 7345 External links MeshName Ubiquitin Carboxy Terminal Hydrolase Esterases PBB ... more details
PBB geneid 7341 Small ubiquitin related modifier 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUMO1 gene . ref name pmid8812453 cite journal author Shen Z, Pardington Purtymun PE, Comeaux JC, Moyzis RK, Chen DJ title UBL1, a human ubiquitin like protein associating with human RAD51 RAD52 proteins journal Genomics volume 36 issue 2 pages 271 9 year 1997 month January pmid 8812453 pmc doi 10.1006 ... encodes a protein that is a member of the SUMO small ubiquitin like modifier protein family. It functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post translational modification system. However, unlike ubiquitin, which targets proteins for degradation, this protein ... doi 10.1016 j.tig.2007.09.002 url ref Interactions Small ubiquitin related modifier 1 has been shown ... and Hantaan hantaviruses with small ubiquitin like modifier 1 related molecules journal Virus ... Primo year 2002 month March title Modification of the human thymine DNA glycosylase by ubiquitin ... journal last Liou first M L authorlink coauthors Liou H C year 1999 month April title The ubiquitin ... by the sentrin family of ubiquitin like proteins journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 273 issue 6 pages ... ubiquitin like protein which interacts with the PML component of a multiprotein complex that is disrupted ... cite journal author Matunis MJ, Coutavas E, Blobel G title A novel ubiquitin like modification ... al. title A small ubiquitin related polypeptide involved in targeting RanGAP1 to nuclear pore complex ... by a novel ubiquitin like molecule journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 272 issue 22 pages 14001 4 year ... 10.1083 jcb.140.2.259 pmc 2132567 cite journal author Howe K, Williamson J, Boddy N, et al. title The ubiquitin ... journal author Bayer P, Arndt A, Metzger S, et al. title Structure determination of the small ubiquitin ... 9885291 doi cite journal author Chen A, Mannen H, Li SS title Characterization of mouse ubiquitin ... author Liou ML, Liou HC title The ubiquitin homology protein, DAP 1, associates with tumor necrosis ... more details
Wikify date February 2012 PBB geneid 51377 Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase isozyme L5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UCHL5 gene . ref name pmid10810093 cite journal author Lai CH, Chou CY, Ch ang LY, Liu CS, Lin W title Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics journal Genome Res volume 10 issue 5 pages 703 13 year 2000 month Aug pmid 10810093 pmc 310876 doi 10.1101 gr.10.5.703 ref ref name pmid16027725 cite journal author Wicks SJ, Haros K, Maillard M, Song L, Cohen RE, Dijke PT, Chantry A title The deubiquitinating enzyme UCH37 interacts with Smads and regulates TGF beta signalling journal Oncogene volume 24 issue 54 pages 8080 4 year 2005 month Dec pmid 16027725 pmc doi 10.1038 sj.onc.1208944 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene UCHL5 ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L5 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 51377 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Maruyama K, Sugano S title Oligo capping a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. journal Gene volume 138 issue 1 2 pages 171 4 year 1994 pmid 8125298 doi 10.1016 0378 1119 94 90802 8 cite journal author Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. title Construction and characterization of a full length enriched and a 5 end enriched cDNA library. journal Gene volume 200 issue 1 2 pages 149 56 year 1997 pmid 9373149 doi 10.1016 S0378 1119 97 00411 3 cite journal author Hu RM, Han ZG, Song HD, et al. title Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis and full length cDNA cloning. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 97 issue 17 pages 9543 8 year 2000 pmid ... more details
cite web title Entrez Gene UBA52 ubiquitin A 52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 url http ... updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Ubiquitin is a highly conserved nuclear and cytoplasmic ..., and the stress response. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated protein. This gene encodes a fusion protein consisting of ubiquitin at the N terminus and ribosomal protein L40 at the C terminus ... doi 10.1139 o95 101 cite journal author Murphey RK, Godenschwege TA title New roles for ubiquitin ... The human ubiquitin 52 residue ribosomal protein fusion gene subfamily UbA52 is composed primarily ... 10.1016 S0888 7543 05 80258 7 cite journal author Baker RT, Board PG title The human ubiquitin 52 amino ..., expression, and processing of human ubiquitin carboxyl extension proteins. journal J. Biol. Chem ... Staats BM, Simmons JG, et al. title Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding human ubiquitin reveals that ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 260 issue 12 pages ... encoding a human homolog of yeast ubiquitin 1. journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 15 issue 13 pages ... class of ubiquitin binding proteins. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 271 issue 34 pages 20235 7 year 1996 ... Cruz C, Ventura F, Bartrons R, Rosa JL title HERC3 binding to and regulation by ubiquitin. journal ... 1 cite journal author Lee TA, Tyers M title Ubiquitin junction, what s your function? journal Genome ... N, Horman A, Woodman P title Mammalian class E vps proteins recognize ubiquitin and act in the removal of endosomal protein ubiquitin conjugates. journal J. Cell Biol. volume 157 issue 1 pages 91 101 ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol HECT Name HECT domain ubiquitin transferase image PDB 1d5f EBI.jpg width caption structure of an e6ap ubch7 complex insights into the ubiquitination pathway Pfam PF00632 Pfam clan InterPro IPR000569 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1d5f TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the HECT domain is a protein domain found in ubiquitin protein ligases . The name HECT comes from H omologous to the E 6 AP C arboxyl T erminus . ref name pmid7708685 cite journal author Huibregtse JM, Scheffner M, Beaudenon S, Howley PM title A family of proteins structurally and functionally related to the E6 AP ubiquitin protein ligase journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 92 issue 7 pages 2563 7 year 1995 month March pmid 7708685 pmc 42258 doi url ref Protein s containing this domain at the C terminus include ubiquitin protein ligase , which regulates ubiquitination of disambiguation needed CDC25 date October 2011 . Ubiquitin protein ligase accepts ubiquitin from an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester , and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrate biochemistry substrates . A cysteine residue is required for ubiquitin thiolester formation. Human thyroid receptor interacting protein 12 TRIP12 , which also contains this domain, is a component of an Adenosine triphosphate ATP dependent multisubunit protein that Protein protein interaction interact s with the ligand binding domain of the thyroid hormone receptor . It could be an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. Human UBE3A ubiquitin protein ligase E3A Protein protein interaction interact s with the E6 protein of the cancer associated Human papillomavirus type 16 and Human papillomavirus type 18. The E6 E6 AP Protein complex complex Molecular binding bind s to and targets the P53 Tumour suppressor gene tumour suppressor protein for ubiquitin mediated proteolysis . References reflist InterPro content IPR000569 Category Protein domains ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Ubiquitin AMC is a fluorogenic Substrate biochemistry substrate for a wide range of deubiquitinating enzyme s DUBs , including ubiquitin C terminal hydrolases UCHs and ubiquitin specific proteases USPs . It is a particularly useful reagent for the study of deubiquitinating activity where detection sensitivity or continuous monitoring of activity is essential. ref http www.biomol.com Online Catalog Online Catalog Products Product Detail 38 ?categoryID 749&productID 1474 BioMol Online Catalog ref Background Ubiquitin AMC is prepared by the C terminal derivatization of ubiquitin with 7 amino 4 methylcoumarin and has been shown to be a useful and sensitive fluorogenic substrate for wide range of deubiquitinylating enzymes DUBs , including ubiquitin C terminal hydrolases UCHs and ubiquitin specific proteases USPs . Ubiquitin AMC has been shown to be a sensitive substrate for UCH L3 Km 0.039 M Product code UW9745 and for Isopeptidase T Km 0.17 1.4 M Product code UW9690 , ref Dang, L.C., Melandri, F.D. and Stein, R.L. Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the hydrolysis of ubiquitin C terminal 7 amido 4 methylcoumarin by deubiquitinating enzymes. Biochemistry, 37, 1868 1879 1998 ref and is particularly useful for studying deubiquitinylating activity where detection sensitivity or continuous monitoring of activity is essential. ref Mason, D.E., Ek, J., Peters, E.C. and Harris J.L. Substrate profiling of deubiquitin hydrolases with a positional scanning library and mass spectrometry. Biochemistry, 43, 6535 44 2004 ref Typical assay set up Assay substrate concentration 0.01 1.0 M. Enzyme concentrations, UCH L3 10 100pM, isopeptidase T 10 100nM. Release of AMC fluorescence by DUB enzymes can be monitored using 380nm excitation and 460nm emission wavelengths. Uses Substrate for deubiquitinylating enzyme activity assays. Identification confirmation of enzyme deubiquitinylation activity. Investigation of deconjugating enzyme substrate specificity in comparison ... more details
ULP may stand for Louis Pasteur University Universit Louis Pasteur , a university in Strasbourg, France Unfair labor practice Unity Labour Party , a political party from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Unleaded petrol Ubiquitin like protein , a group of proteins which contain a Ubiquitin like fold In electronics and computing Unit in the last place Upper layer protocol Upper Layer Protocol Ultra low power consumption disambig de ULP it ULP ... more details
protein Name itchy homolog E3 ubiquitin protein ligase mouse caption image width HGNCid 13890 Symbol ITCH AltSymbols EntrezGene 83737 OMIM 606409 RefSeq NM 031483 UniProt Q96J02 PDB ECnumber 6.3.2.19 Chromosome 20 Arm q Band 11.22 LocusSupplementaryData 23 ITCH is an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme . See also C Jun N terminal kinases External links MeshName ITCH protein, human biochem stub ... more details
E3A may refer to Haplogroup E3a Y DNA Y DNA Haplogroup E3a Ubiquitin protein ligase E3A E 3 Sentry , an American military aircraft Letter NumberCombDisambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 Pfam box Symbol URM1 Name Urm1 Ubiquitin related modifier image 2qjl animated.gif width 307px caption Ubiquitin related modifier 1 2qjl . In the center of protein grasp fold is located. Additionally, carboxy terminal glycine within a di glycine motif is marked blue, and Mg ions are represented by black spheres. Pfam PF09138 InterPro IPR015221 SMART SCOP d.15.3.3 TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 1wgk PDB3 1xo3 PDB3 2ax5 PDB3 2k9x PDB3 2k9x PDB3 2qjl Ubiquitin related modifier 1 URM1 is a ubiquitin related protein that modifies proteins in the yeast ubiquitin like urmylation pathway. Structural comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the ubiquitin superfamily has indicated that Urm1 has the most conserved structural and sequence features of the common ancestor of the entire superfamily ref name urm1 structure Cite pmid 16864801 ref ref name urmylation Cite pmid 14551258 ref . Urm1 is characterized by a core grasp fold and an essential carboxy terminal glycine within a di glycine motif. Urm1 is known to be conjugated to the peroxiredoxin Ahp1 , ATPBD3 , and CTU2 and human MOCS3 , through a mechanism involving the E1 like protein Uba4 via lysine residues. ref name urm1 substrates Cite pmid 21209336 ref Similar to ubiquitination, urmylation requires a thioester intermediate and forms isopeptide bonds between Urm1 and its substrates. Moreover, the urmylation process can be significantly enhanced by oxidative stress ref name urmylation 2 Cite pmid 21904977 ref . Functions as a protein tag with roles in nutrient sensing and oxidative stress response. Recently it has been demonstrated that Urm1 can acts as a sulfur carrier in the thiolation of eukaryotic tRNA via a mechanism that requires the formation of a thiocarboxylated Urm1 ref name urmylation review Cite pmid 21245332 ref . URM1 is involved in thiolation of cytoplasmic tRNAs receives sulfur from the E1 like enzyme Uba4 and transfers it to tRNA. See also Ubiquitin References Reflist Protein ... more details
Regulation of ubiquitin dependent processes by deubiquitinating enzymes journal FASEB J. volume 11 issue 14 pages 1245 56 year 1997 pmid 9409543 ref more than 60 known that regulate ubiquitin dependent metabolic pathways by cleaving ubiquitin protein bonds. DUBs are also commonly referred to as deubiquitinating peptidases, deubiquitinating isopeptidases, deubiquitinases, ubiquitin proteases, ubiquitin hydrolyases, ubiquitin isopeptidases, or DUbs. The human genome encodes nearly 100 DUBs with specificity for ubiquitin in five gene families. ref name Turcu cite journal author Reyes Turcu FE, Ventii KH, Wilkinson KD title Activity and Cellular Roles of Ubiquitin Specific Deubiquitinating Enzymes ... regulators of the ubiquitin system. In addition to ubiquitin recycling, they are involved in processing of ubiquitin precursors, in proofreading of protein ubiquitination and in disassembly of inhibitory ubiquitin chains. They may be associated with disease. ref name pmid19007433 cite journal author ... of cysteine protease DUBs the ubiquitin specific processing protease USP UBP superfamily USP1 , USP2 ... , USP45 , USP46 the ubiquitin C terminal hydrolyase UCH superfamily BAP1 , UCHL1 , UCHL3 , UCHL5 the ovarian ..., Koonin EV, Aravind L title Novel predicted peptidases with a potential role in the ubiquitin signaling ... bind zinc and hence are metalloproteases. Role in the ubiquitin pathway DUBs play several roles in the ubiquitin pathway. First, DUBs carry out activation of the ubiquitin proproteins, probably cotranslationally. Second, DUBs recycle ubiquitin that may have been accidentally trapped by the reaction ... of proteins. Third, DUBs reverse the ubiquitination or ubiquitin like modification of target proteins ... UCH L3 and YUH1 are able to hydrolyse mutant ubiquitin UBB 1 despite of the fact that the glycine ..., Kemmerling N, Steinbusch HW, Dantuma NP, van Leeuwen FW. title Mutant ubiquitin UBB 1 associated with neurodegenerative disorders is hydrolyzed by ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase L3 UCH L3 . journal ... more details
Highwire may refer to HighWire Press , a division of the Stanford University Libraries that produces and hosts scholarly publications online A style of Tightrope walking Styles of tightrope acts tightrope walking Highwire song Highwire a song by the Rolling Stones featured on Flashpoint . Highwire protein , an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase frequently studied in Drosophila . disambig nl Highwire ... more details
HIW or Hiw may refer to Hiroshima Nishi Airport Hizb al Ikha al Watani Hiw Island , the northernmost island of Vanuatu Hiw language , spoken on Hiw Island Highwire protein , an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase frequently studied in Drosophila disambig it HIW de Hiw ... more details
promoting complex CUL1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7 each form part of a multi subunit ubiquitin Protein complex complex . Cullin RING ubiquitinubiquitin ligase ligase s CRLs , such as Cul1 SCF play an essential role in targeting protein s for ubiquitin mediated destruction as such, they are diverse in terms ... protein. The RING protein appears to function as a docking site for ubiquitin conjugating enzyme ... promoting complex cyclosome and the p53 cytoplasm ic anchor PARC both APC2 and PARC have ubiquitin ... MD, Deshaies RJ title Function and regulation of cullin RING ubiquitin ligases journal Nat. Rev ... title Structure of the Cul1 Rbx1 Skp1 F boxSkp2 SCF ubiquitin ligase complex journal Nature volume ... of the multisubunit cullin dependent ubiquitin ligases journal Cell volume 119 issue 4 pages 517 28 ..., each member of the cullin family is modified by NEDD8 Nedd8 and several cullins function in Ubiquitin ... a target protein tagged with K48 linked poly ubiquitin polymer chain s. Nedd8 Rub1 is a small ubiquitin like protein, which was originally found to be conjugated to Cdc53, a cullin component of the SCF ... more details
Neddylation is the process by which the ubiquitin like protein Nedd8 is conjugated to its target proteins. This process is analogous to ubiquitin ation, although relies on its own E1 and E2 enzymes. No Nedd8 specific E3 has yet been identified and it is possible that the Neddylation system relies on E3 ligases with dual specificity. NEDD8 Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down regulated 8 is involved in the regulation of cell growth, viability and development. Neddylation process http www.nature.com embor journal v9 n10 images embor2008183 f1.jpg Disease association Neddylation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer s Disease where its activation appears to drive neurons into apoptosis by initiating cell cycle reentry. Further reading Empty section date July 2010 External links Category Proteins Category Posttranslational modification fr Neddylation ... more details
DNA polymerase delta is an enzyme complex found in eukaryote s that is involved in DNA replication and DNA repair repair , and it consists of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA , the multisubunit replication factor C , and the 4 subunit polymerase complex POLD1 , POLD2 , POLD3 , and POLD4 . ref name pmid16934752 cite journal author Liu G, Warbrick E title The p66 and p12 subunits of DNA polymerase delta are modified by ubiquitin and ubiquitin like proteins journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 349 issue 1 pages 360 6 year 2006 month October pmid 16934752 doi 10.1016 j.bbrc.2006.08.049 url issn ref References Reflist External links MeshName DNA polymerase delta DNA replication enzyme stub NLM content Category EC 2.7.7 cs DNA polymer za ... more details
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