File Astro1 sts35 big.jpg right 200px The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope HUT was a space telescope designed to make spectroscopic observations in the far ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum . It was flown into orbit on the Space Shuttle and operated from the Shuttle s payload bay on two occasions in December 1990, as part of Shuttle mission STS 35 , and in March 1995, as part of mission STS 67 . ref cite web title What is HUT and what does it do? url http praxis.pha.jhu.edu instruments what is hut2.html author Bill Blair accessdate 2009 02 22 ref HUT was designed and built by a team based at Johns Hopkins University , led by Arthur Davidsen . ref name hut tech cite web title HUT Technical Summary url http praxis.pha.jhu.edu instruments hut info2.html author Bill Blair accessdate 2009 02 22 ref ref cite web title Arthur Davidsen, 57, Johns Hopkins Astrophysicist, Dies url http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9D01E4DB133AF931A15754C0A9679C8B63 author Dennis Overbye publisher New York Times date 2001 07 22 accessdate 2009 02 22 ref The telescope consisted of a 90 cm main mirror used to focus ultraviolet light onto a spectrograph situated at the prime focus . This instrument had a spectroscopic range of 82.5 to 185 nanometer nm s, and a spectral resolution of about 0.3 nm. ref name hut tech HUT was used to observe a wide range of astrophysical sources, including supernova remnants , active galactic nuclei , cataclysmic variable stars, as well as various planets in our Solar System . ref cite web title Achievements of ASTRO 2 url http praxis.pha.jhu.edu astro2 astro2 achieve.html author Bill Blair date 1995 10 16 accessdate 2009 02 22 ref During ..., 385 observations were made of 265 targets. ref cite web title The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope ... project Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope ref References references External links http praxis.pha.jhu.edu ... Manned space observatories observatory stub de Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope ... more details
The article examines the connection between natural ultraviolet light UV radiation and the incidence of cancer in human beings. The connection between UV radiation and cancer is well known to scientists, and what is debated by public policy advocates is the role of ozone . Some researchers have claimed that Ultraviolet radiation levels are or were increasing at an alarming level. They concluded that cancer rates would go up accordingly, unless emissions suspected of reducing the protective effect of atmospheric ozone were banned. In 1993, J B Kerr and C T McElroy published Evidence for large upward trends of ultraviolet B radiation linked to ozone depletion Science 262 1032 . This was disputed by P J Michaels et al. Science 264 1342 but Kerr and McElroy re affirmed their original findings Science 264 1342 . Ultraviolet Radiation UV radiation is part of the light spectrum that ranges from the earth to the sun. UV rays have shorter wavelengths than visible light making then invisible to the human eye. However, some insects are abl to see UV rays.It is called Ultraviolet light because it s electromagnetic ... Types of Ultraviolet Light There are three different types of Ultraviolet light UVA, UVB and UVC UVA Ultraviolet A light has the longest wavelengths. The length of these waves ranges from 400 315 nanometers UVB Ultraviolet B light has wavelengths shorter than UVA. The waves range from 315 280 nanometers UVC Ultraviolet C light is the shortest of the three UV lights. The wavelengths range from 280 100 nanometers class wikitable Type of Ultraviolet Types of cancer Treatability Absorbed by ozone ... cause different damage to the skin. UVA rays are 95 of the Ultraviolet light on Earth. Most people ... It is important to protect oneself form Ultraviolet radiation year round, UV rays can reach the skin ... types.aspx . ref See also Ultraviolet UVA UVB See also ozone layer ozone depletion Antarctic ozone hole Montreal Protocol DEFAULTSORT Ultraviolet Light And Cancer Category Carcinogens Science ... more details
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy UPS refers to the measurement of kinetic energy spectroscopy spectra of photoelectric effect photoelectrons emitted by molecules which have absorbed ultraviolet photons, in order to determine molecular energy levels in the valence region. Basic Theory If Einstein s photoelectric law is applied to a free molecule, the kinetic energy math E K math of an emitted photoelectron is given by math E K h nu I , math , where h is Planck s constant , is the frequency of the ionizing light, and I is an ionization energy corresponding to the energy of an occupied molecular orbital . History Prior to 1960, virtually all measurements of photoelectron kinetic energies were for electrons emitted from metals and other solid surfaces. About 1956 Kai Siegbahn developed X ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS for surface chemical analysis. This method uses x ray sources to study energy levels of atomic core electrons , and at the time had an energy resolution of about 1 eV electronvolt . ref Carlson T.A., Photoelectron and Auger Spectroscopy Plenum Press, 1975 ISBN 0306339013 ref The ultraviolet method UPS was developed to study the photoelectron spectra of free molecules in the gas phase by David W. Turner , a physical chemist at Imperial College in London and then at Oxford University , in a series of publications from 1962 to 1967. ref Rabalais J.W. Principles of Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy Wiley 1977 ISBN 0471702854 ref ref Turner D. W. Molecular Photoelectron Spectroscopy Wiley, 1970 ref As a photon source, he used a helium discharge lamp which emits a wavelength of 58.4 nm corresponding to an energy of 21.2 eV in the vacuum ultraviolet region. With this source Turner s group obtained an energy resolution of 0.02 eV. Turner referred to the method as molecular photoelectron spectroscopy , now usually Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy or UPS. As compared to XPS, UPS is limited to energy levels of valence electrons , but measures ... more details
Infobox song Name Ultraviolet Light My Way Cover Caption Type Song Artist U2 alt Artist Album Achtung ... Extra musicsample filename U2 Ultraviolet.ogg title Ultraviolet Light My Way Type song Ultraviolet ... was named after it. Ultraviolet played a featured role during the encores of the group s 1992 1993 Zoo TV Tour Zoo TV and 2009 2011 U2 360 Tour s. Recording Ultraviolet Light My Way began as two different demo music demo s, one variously called Ultraviolet and 69 which eventually evolved into the B ... Eno magazine Propaganda issue 16 date 1992 06 01 ref Composition and interpretation The lyrics of Ultraviolet ... cogan Cogan 2008 , p. 66 ref Image Ultraviolet 23 Sep 2009.jpg thumb right alt At night in a large .... The U2 360 Tour staging of Ultraviolet features the claw like stage awash in indigo and violet light .... ref name scharen Robyn Brothers suggests that ultraviolet light is a metaphor for a divine ... Of U2 , sees Ultraviolet as being about Bono s wife Ali Hewson Ali , and how when he feels like trash ... rarely appear in song lyrics as frequently as other colours, while ultraviolet represents an unseen ..., to have someone else point the way, to be safe and obscure. ref name beeaff 39 Atara Stein sees Ultraviolet .... ref name stein Stein 1999 , p. 271 ref Ultraviolet is also one of several songs Bono has ... In Achtung Baby s running order, Ultraviolet serves, with the other two songs at the album s end, Acrobat ... Ultraviolet as an epic U2 song but the key of it left my voice in a conversational place and allowed ... and that as part of that, Ultraviolet had a helicopterish melancholy . ref cite news url http www.rollingstone.com ... Baby s album package, Ultraviolet is presented next to a photograph of a crumbling Berlin building that has a Trabant parked in front of it. ref name album Reception Rolling Stone noted that Ultraviolet ... of personal relations, Ultraviolet depicts love as a haven. ref cite news url http www.nytimes.com 1991 ... song Out of Time The Rolling Stones song Out of Time in the chorus of Ultraviolet . ref cite news ... more details
quality. EUVL optics EUVL is a significant departure from the deep ultraviolet lithography used today. All matter absorbs Extreme ultraviolet EUV radiation. Hence, EUV lithography needs to take place ... compared to a abbr DUV Deep ultraviolet photon, due to higher absorption in resist. In addition, EUV ... defects on extreme ultraviolet EUV masks is currently one of the most critical issues to be addressed ... on LER. EUVL demonstrations File Extreme ultraviolet lithography tool.jpg right thumb 300 px EUVL ... nm line space features. However, it must be kept in mind a range of ultraviolet and X ray wavelengths ..., width roughness and critical dimension CD variability. ref http www.electroiq.com index display semiconductors ... of the first fully integrated laser produced plasma LPP extreme ultraviolet EUV lithography ... index display semiconductors article display 368295 articles solid state technology volume 52 ... more details
Orphan date March 2012 Context date October 2009 Ultraviolet light spans a narrow range of wavelengths of the EMR spectrum http en.wikipedia.org wiki Ultraviolet Subtypes Specific UV absorbance SUVA wavelengths have analytical uses in providing metrics to measure the aromatic character of dissolved organic matter ref Bourbonniere, 2009 ref by detecting density of electron cloud conjugation. To derive SUVA, first, UVC light at 254 nanometers nm , or 280 nm, ref Bourbonniere, 2009 Holl et al., 2009 ref is measured in units of absorbance per meter of path length, often the sample must be diluted with Ultrapure Water as absorbance can be very high. ref Chantigny et al., 2008 ref As increasing dissolved organic carbon concentration increases absorbance in the UV range, the UV light has to be normalized to the concentration of dissolved organic carbon in mg per L to ascertain differences in the aromatic quality of the water. Aromatic character is used in the study of dissolved organic matter, from mineral soils, or organic soils, to determine the whether dissolved organic carbon in the water is labile, a ready source of energy, or is from a relatively old source of carbon recalcitrant . Measures of water purity often rely on measuring turbidity , not aromaticity. References Reflist Sources Bourbonniree, Richard A. 2009. Peat Water Chemistry. Canadian water resources journal. 34 4 Chantigny, MH., Angers, DA., Kaiser, K., Kalbitz, K. 2008. Extraction and Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. MR. Carter Ed. Canadian Society of Soil Science, Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI. Holl BS, Fiedler S, Jungkunst HF, Kalbitz K, Freibauer A, Drosler M, Stahr K. 2009. Characteristics of dissolved organic matter following 20 years of peatland restoration. Science of the total environment. 408 1 78 83. Category Water chemistry ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Ultraviolet Type Studio Artist Kid Sister Cover Kid Sister Ultraviolet.jpg Released November 17, 2009 ref name Pitchfork Media cite web url http pitchfork.com news 35941 kid sister album release details finally title Kid Sister Album Release Details, Finally author Tom Breihan accessdate 2009 07 15 year 2009 publisher Pitchfork Media ref Recorded 2007 2009 Genre Hip hop music Hip hop , Electro music electro , Contemporary R&B R&B , Club music club Length 37 28 Label Universal Republic Producer Steve Angello, ref Allmusic class artist id p628488 pure url yes Steve Angello Credits ref Sebastian Ingrosso, Yuksek , Herv , Sinden , Rusko, XXXChange , Brian Kennedy producer Brain Kennedy , Gant Man DJ Gant Man , A Trak small also exec. small Misc Singles Name Ultraviolet Type Studio album single 1 Control Kid Sister song Control single 1 date 2007 single 2 Pro Nails single 2 date October 17, 2007 single 3 Get Fresh song Get Fresh single 3 date 2009 single 3 Right Hand Hi single 3 date July 16, 2009 single 4 Daydreaming Kid Sister song Daydreaming single 4 date April 16, 2010 single 5 Big n Bad ref http www.youtube.com watch?v AbggR1ttM7w ref single 5 date July 25, 2010 Ultraviolet is the debut album by Chicago rapper and singer Kid Sister , it was released on November 17, 2009. It was initially to be titled Dream Date but was changed ... 5 ref http www.guardian.co.uk music 2010 apr 29 kid sister ultraviolet cd review The Guardian review ... ultraviolet Pitchfork Media review ref rev7 Popmatters rev7score 5 10 ref http www.popmatters.com pm review 116922 kid sister ultraviolet link Popmatters review ref rev8 Rolling Stone rev8score Rating 3.5 5 ref http www.metacritic.com music ultraviolet critic reviews Rolling Stone review ref rev9 ... the trials of kid sister The Village Voice review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Ultraviolet ... align center 20 References reflist Kid Sister DEFAULTSORT Ultraviolet Kid Sister Album Category 2009 ... more details
Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy UV vis can distinguish between enantiomer s by showing a distinct Cotton effect for each isomer. UV vis spectroscopy sees only chromophore s, so other molecules must be prepared for analysis by chemical addition of a chromophore such as anthracene . Two methods are reported the octant rule and the exciton chirality method . ref Citation first Joseph B. last Lambert last4 et al. title Organic Structural Spectroscopy location publisher Prentice Hall year 1998 isbn 0132586908 pages 309 317 . ref The octant rule was introduced in 1961 by William Moffitt , R. B. Woodward , A. Moscowitz, W. Klyne and Carl Djerassi ref Structure and the Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Saturated Ketones William Moffitt, R. B. Woodward, A. Moscowitz, W. Klyne, Carl Djerassi J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1961, 83 19 , pp 4013 4018 DOI 10.1021 ja01480a015 ref ref The octant rule Its place in organic stereochemistry William S. Murphy J. Chem. Educ., 1975, 52 12 , p 774 DOI 10.1021 ed052p774 Publication Date December 1975 ref ref A Simple Computer Aided Three Dimensional Molecular Modeling for the Octant Rule Yinan Kang , Fu An Kang J. Chem. Educ., 2011, 88 4 , p 420 doi 10.1021 ed1001027 ref . This empirical rule allows the prediction of the sign of the Cotton effect by analysing relative orientation of substituents in three dimensions and in this way the absolute configuration of an enantiomer. See also NMR spectroscopy of stereoisomers References Reflist chiral synthesis DEFAULTSORT Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy Of Stereoisomers Category Spectroscopy ... more details
in ultraviolet extreme ultraviolet . This portion of the spectrum is extremely difficult to reflect ... telescopes Category Ultraviolet telescopes Category Telescope instruments ... more details
Infobox animanga Header name Ultraviolet Code 044 image File Ultraviolet Code044 Poster.jpg 230px caption ja kanji 044 ja romaji Urutoravaioretto K do Zero F t F genre Action genre Action , Supernatural , Science fiction Infobox animanga Video type tv series director Osamu Dezaki producer writer music studio Madhouse company Madhouse network Animax first July 1, 2008 last September 16, 2008 episodes 12 episode list Infobox animanga Footer nihongo Ultraviolet Code 044 044 Urutoravaioretto K do Zero F t F is an anime series loosely based on the 2006 science fiction film, Ultraviolet film Ultraviolet written and directed by Kurt Wimmer . ref name anime announced cite web url http www.animekon.com news 472 Ultraviolet Anime Announced.html title Ultraviolet Anime Announced publisher Animekon language accessdate 2008 03 18 ref The show was produced by the anime studio Madhouse company Madhouse and was directed by Osamu Dezaki . Plot In 2140, 044 becomes the strongest female soldier excelling in combat through gene manipulation using the Hemophage Virus. However, in exchange for her abilities, her days become numbered. Her next mission from the government is to destroy a bloodthirsty group of people, the Phage, and its leader King. In her battle, she encounters a Phage soldier, Luka, and finds herself unable to kill him. She wonders why, but as a result, Daxus II, the leader of the government group, regards her as a traitor. She is targeted by both Phage and the government, as she flees with the injured Luka. Characters Nihongo 044 044 Zero F T F Anime voice Romi Paku 044 is the main character of the series, a clone specially engineered as a tool for humans to combat the Phages. At first, she is confused by the unfamiliarity of a life outside being ordered by the Central Government. Eventually, she becomes very contemplative of the fact there exists ... television series debuts Category 2008 Japanese television series endings fr Ultraviolet Code 044 it Ultraviolet ... more details
Image DU640 spectrophotometer.jpg thumb right 250px Beckman DU640 UV Vis spectrophotometer. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry UV Vis or UV Vis refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet visible spectrum visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent near UV and near infrared NIR ranges. The absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects the perceived color of chemicals color of the chemicals involved. In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum , molecule s undergo molecular electronic transition electronic transitions . This technique is complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy , in that fluorescence deals with transitions from the excited state to the ground state , while absorption measures transitions from the ground state to the excited state. ref Skoog, et al. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 6th ed. Thomson Brooks Cole. 2007, 169 173. ref Principle of Ultraviolet Visible Absorption Molecules containing electrons or non bonding electrons n electrons can absorb the energy in the form of ultraviolet or visible light to excite these electrons to higher anti bonding molecular orbitals. ref http pharmaxchange.info press 2011 12 ultraviolet visible uv vis spectroscopy principle Principle of Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy ref The more easily excited ... be controlled or accounted for in order to identify the substances present. ref Ultraviolet Spectroscopy ... 10.1007 s00769 006 0124 x ref Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer see also Spectrophotometry The Measuring instrument instrument used in ultraviolet visible spectroscopy is called a UV Vis spectrophotometer ... over the ultraviolet region 190 400 nm , Xenon arc lamp , which is continuous from 160 2,000 ..., Japan, 1994, ISBN 0 7803 1880 3 . ref See also Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy of stereoisomers ... ultravioleta visible fa fr Spectroscopie ultraviolet visible it Spettroscopia ... more details
In 1978, the TD1 Stellar Ultraviolet Flux Survey cataloged the ultraviolet flux of unreddened stars down to the 10th visual magnitude . The Ultraviolet Sky Survey Telescope on board the TD1 completed this full sky survey. The star catalog survey was an ESRO project. ref name website cite web title TD1 TD1 Stellar Ultraviolet Fluxes Catalog url http heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov W3Browse td1 td1.html accessdate 4 5 2011 ref Catalog History The catalog can be found in the published version, Catalogue of stellar ultraviolet fluxes TD1 A compilation of absolute stellar fluxes measured by the Sky Survey Telescope S2 68 aboard the ESRO satellite TD 1, by the Science Research Council in 1978 ref cite journal last Thompson first G.I. coauthors Nandy K., Jamar C., Monfils C., Houziaux L., Carnochan D.J., Wilson R. title Catalogue of stellar ultraviolet fluxes TD1 A compilation of absolute stellar fluxes measured by the Sky Survey Telescope S2 68 aboard the ESRO satellite TD 1 journal The Science Research Council year 1978 ref Scientific Impact Since 1978, there have been 216 citations of this catalog in refereed journals. ref name website 2 cite web title Citations history for 1978csuf.book.....T from the ADS Databases url http adsabs.harvard.edu cgi bin nph ref history?refs CITATIONS&bibcode 1978csuf.book.....T accessdate 4 5 2011 ref References references DEFAULTSORT Star Catalogue Category Astronomical catalogues of stars ... more details
unreferenced date October 2011 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Ultraviolet Type Album Artist All About Eve band All About Eve Cover AAE Ultraviolet album cover.jpg Released 26 October 1992 Label Music Corporation of America MCA Producer All About Eve band All About Eve Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r208843 pure url yes link Last album Touched by Jesus br 1991 This album Ultraviolet br 1992 Next album Winter Words album Winter Words br 1992 Ultraviolet is the fourth studio album by All About Eve band All About Eve . It was the only album that the band released with Music Corporation of America MCA . Despite quite positive reviews at the time this album was not commercially successful, reaching only 36 on the UK Albums Chart UK charts . The two singles only reached, respectively, 38 and 57 in the UK Singles Chart UK singles charts . As a consequence of this, the band were dropped by MCA shortly afterwards. Outshine the Sun is frequently used at the band s gigs for a finale. Some Finer Day was the last single released by the band for twelve years, Keepsakes Let Me Go Home being the next one in 2004. Track listing Bold type indicates a single released plus chart position . Phased 38 Yesterday Goodbye Mine Freeze The Things He Told Her Infrared I Don t Know Dream Butcher Some Finer Day 57 Blindfolded Visionary Outshine the Sun All About Eve Category 1992 albums Category All About Eve albums Category MCA Records albums 1990s album stub pt Ultraviolet lbum de All About Eve ... more details
The Alchemy Index may refer to The Alchemy Index Vols. I & II , the first half of Thrice s Alchemy Index The Alchemy Index Vols. III & IV , the second half of Thrice s Alchemy Index disambig ... more details
The heat index HI or humiture is an index that combines air temperature and relative humidity in an attempt ... 90 F j 32 C with very high humidity, the heat index can be about j 105 F 41 C . The human body normally ... temperature and humidity, allowing an index to be made which relates one temperature and humidity combination to another at a higher temperature in drier air. History The heat index was developed in 1978 ... name SteadmanI The Assessment of Sultriness. Part I A Temperature Humidity Index Based on Human Physiology ... Meteorology, R. G. Steadman, July 1979, Vol 18 No7, pp874 885 ref Like the wind chill index, the heat index contains assumptions about the human body mass and height, clothing, amount of physical activity, thickness of blood, sunlight and ultraviolet radiation exposure, and the wind speed. Significant deviations from these will result in heat index values which do not accurately reflect the perceived temperature. ref http www.slate.com id 2123486 fr rss How do they figure the heat index? By Daniel ... of the heat index. The humidex differs from the heat index in using the dew point rather than the relative humidity . The heat index is defined so as to equal the actual air temperature when the partial ... chart . At high temperatures, the level of relative humidity needed to make the heat index higher, than ... C j 80 F , the heat index will agree with the actual temperature if the relative humidity is 45 , but at about j 43 C 110 F , any relative humidity reading above 17 will make the heat index higher than ... http www.campbellsci.com documents technical papers heatindx.pdf Heat Index Campbell Scientific Inc. PDF file , CampbellSci.com. ref The heat index and humidex figures are based on temperature measurements ... index also does not factor in the effects of wind, which lowers the apparent temperature. Sometimes the heat index and the wind chill are denoted collectively by the single term apparent temperature ... believed that the highest heat index reading actually attainable anywhere on Earth is approximately ... more details
The Marble Index may refer to The Marble Index album The Marble Index album , an album by Nico The Marble Index band , a Canadian rock band disambig ... more details
Composite index may refer to Composite finance Composite index in finance Index database Composite index in database management systems disambig ... more details
For the colorant reference database Colour Index International class wikitable style float right text align center border 1px margin left 0.5em Sample calibration colors ref name zombeck Stellar classification Class B V U B V R R I Effective temperature T sub eff sub K O5V 0.33 1.19 0.15 0.32 42,000 B0V 0.30 1.08 0.13 0.29 30,000 A0V 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 9,790 F0V 0.30 0.03 0.30 0.17 7,300 G0V 0.58 0.06 0.50 0.31 5,940 K0V 0.81 0.45 0.64 0.42 5,150 M0V 1.40 1.22 1.28 0.91 3,840 In astronomy , the color index is a simple numerical expression that determines the color of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature . To measure the index, one observes the Magnitude astronomy magnitude of an object successively through two different filters, such as U and B, or B and V, where U is sensitive to ultraviolet rays, B is sensitive to blue light, and V is sensitive to visible green yellow light see also UBV system . The set of passbands or filters is called a photometric system . The difference in magnitudes found with these filters is called the U B or B V color B V color index, respectively. The smaller the color index, the more blue or hotter the object is. Conversely, the larger the color index, the more red or cooler the object is. This is a consequence of the logarithmic magnitude scale, in which brighter objects have smaller more negative magnitudes than dimmer ones. For comparison, the yellowish Sun has a B V index of nowrap 0.656 0.005 , ref name sun while the bluish ... the Observed color index and the Normal color index or Intrinsic color index , the hypothetical true color index of the star, unaffected by extinction. For example, in the UBV photometric system we can ... Color Index of the Sun , Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, vol. 104 ... systems Category Index numbers ca ndex de color cs Barevn index de Farbindex fa fr Indice ... sk Farebn index sl Barvni indeks fi V ri indeksi sv F rgindex tl Talatuntunan ng kulay ... more details
Misery Index can refer to Misery index economics , adding the unemployment rate to the inflation rate Misery Index band , a Baltimore deathgrind band Misery Index album Misery Index album , the second album by Ass ck disambig ... more details
spectrum of the material. For X ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation the complex refractive index ... index or index of refraction n of a substance optical medium is a number that describes how EM ... of a surface also depend on the refractive index, as described by the Fresnel equations . ref ... index of 1. Historically other reference media e.g. air at a standardized pressure and temperature have been common. Refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength . This is called dispersion ... aberration in lenses. In opacity optics opaque media, the refractive index is a complex number ... radiation absorption . The concept of refractive index is widely used within the full electromagnetic ... indices in the range from 1.3 to 1.7, but some high refractive index polymer s can have a value as high as 1.76. ref Naoki Sadayori and Yuji Hotta Polycarbodiimide having high index of refraction ... in this region and has a refractive index of about 4, making it an important material for infrared optics. Refractive index below 1 A widespread misconception is that since, according to the theory of relativity , nothing can travel faster than the speed of light in vacuum, the refractive index cannot be lower than 1. This is erroneous since the refractive index measures the phase velocity of light ... of light in vacuum, and thereby give a refractive index below 1. This can occur close to resonance ... index of 1&minus val 2.6 e 7 at a photon energy of val 30 ul keV 0.04 nm wavelength . ref name CXRO Negative refractive index Main Negative index metamaterials Recent research has also demonstrated the existence of the negative refractive index, which can occur if permittivity and magnetic ... to a refractive index which is real and greater than 1. If the electrons emit a light wave which ... ray s, and in some microwave systems. It corresponds to a refractive index less than 1. Even though ..., the result is negative refractive index discussed below. If the electrons emit a light wave which ... more details
dab VIX Fear Index common name for the Chicago Board Options Exchange Market Volatility Index , ticker symbol VIX, measuring the implied volatility of S&P 500 index options The Fear Index a 2011 novel by British author Robert Harris ... more details
The modulation index or modulation depth of a modulation scheme describes by how much the modulated variable of the carrier signal varies around its unmodulated level. It is defined differently in each modulation scheme. See amplitude modulation Modulation index Amplitude modulation index frequency modulation Modulation index Frequency modulation index phase modulation Modulation index Phase modulation index Disambig ... more details
H h index can refer to Herfindahl index , a measure of the quantity and competition of firms in an industry h index , a measure of scientific research impact Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages disambiguation ... more details
The MAX Index family is a set of widely used domestic government bond market benchmarks in Hungary. The index family consist the RMAX, MAX, MAX Composite and ZMAX indices. The indices calculated and published by the Hungarian Government Debt Management Agency Ltd. on a daily basis. The index calculation method follows the EFFAS Bond Commission s total return bond index recommendations. Index characteristics The inception date is December 31, 1996 and each index consists of local currency denominated fixed rate government Bond finance bonds and bills of the Hungarian Republic . RMAX Index consists of bills and bonds in maturity range of 91 365 days and rebalances every fortnight MAX Index consists of bonds in maturity range of over 365 days and rebalances monthly MAX Composite Index is the composite of the RMAX and MAX indices ZMAX Index consists of bills and bonds in maturity range of 14 182 days and rebalances weekly External sources http www.gdma.hu Government Debt Management Agency Ltd. http www.gdma.hu object.9e09674c aac0 4c4a b5bd 4a1afe417719.ivy Detailed Index Descriptions DEFAULTSORT Max Index Category Economy of Hungary ... more details
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