coord 52.40 N 00.48 E region GB display title Infobox artefact name Undleybracteate image image caption material gold size convert 2.3 cm in abbr on diameter discovered Undley Common, near Lakenheath , Suffolk writing Runic , Old English created 5th century period Early Anglo Saxon location Room 41, British Museum , London id registration British Museum db 1984,1101.1 id 94643 RunicChars The Undleybracteate is a 5th century bracteate found in Undley Common, near Lakenheath , Suffolk . It bears the earliest known inscription that can be argued to be in Anglo Frisian Futhorc as opposed to Common Germanic Elder Futhark . The image on the bracteate is an adaptation of an Urbs Roma coin type issued by Constantine the Great , conflating the helmeted head of the emperor and the image of Romulus and Remus suckled by the wolf on one face. With a diameter of 2.3 cm, it weighs 2.24 grams. It may have originated in northern Germany or southern Scandinavia , and been brought to England with an early Anglo Saxons Anglo Saxon settler. The inscription reads right to left around the circumference of the obverse side, terminating at the image of the wolf g g og m g medu The o is the earliest known instance of the Ansuz rune os rune runic contrasting with the sc rune runic . The three syllables of the initial word g gog are written as bind rune s, with side twigs attached to the X shape of the gyfu rune to represent the vowels and o . The words m g medu .... Odemstedt, The Undleybracteate and its runic inscription , Studien zur Sachsenforschungen, 6 1987 ... British Series 124 Oxford, 1984 , pp. 204 9. S. E. West, Gold bracteate from Undley, Suffolk ... , referring to the bracteate itself. The word g gog appears to be some magical invocation ... highlights highlight objects pe mla g gold bracteate 1.aspx Gold bracteate at the British Museum Category ... Category Anglo Saxon runes it Bratteato di Undley sv Undleybrakteaten ... more details
Image Bracteate from Funen, Denmark DR BR42 .jpg right thumb Bracteate Alu runic DR BR42 DR BR42 bearing the inscription Alu runic Alu . A bracteate from the Latin bractea , a thin piece of metal is a flat, thin, single sided gold medal worn as jewelry that was produced in Northern Europe predominantly during the Migration Period of the Germanic Iron Age including the Vendel era in Sweden . The term is also used for later silver coins produced in central Europe during the early Middle Ages . There are also similar pieces from the neighboring Huns and from their invasion of India in the style of Gupta Empire Gupta and Roman currency Roman coinage . Gold bracteates from the Migration Period Image Vadstena brakteaten, Nordisk familjebok.png thumb right The Vadstena bracteate , a typical C bracteate. Gold bracteates commonly denote a certain type of jewelry, made mainly in the 5th to 7th century AD, represented by numerous gold specimens. Bead rimmed and fitted with a loop, most were intended to be worn suspended by a string around the neck, supposedly as an amulet . The gold for the bracteates came from coins paid as peace money by the Roman Empire to their Northern Germanic neighbors. ref name OLDTIDENS Poul Kj rum, Rikke Agnete Olsen. Oldtidens Ansigt Faces of the Past 1990 , ISBN 9788774682745 ref Motifs Image Welschingen B.jpg thumb B bracteate of the B7 or F rstenberg type, found ... protection to the one who wears it , Vadstena bracteate Vadstena giving a listing of the Elder Futhark combined with a potential magical inscription and Tjurk bracteate Tjurk featuring an inscription ... cantons of Switzerland , bracteate like rappen , Heller money heller , and angster were produced during the 18th century. The term bracteate for these coins was not used contemporarily. It was first used ..., 375 BC 550 AD, Bracteate http www.canterburytrust.co.uk schools gallery gall04c.htm Canterbury Archaeological ... content.html Pfennig or bracteate, 0.89 g, silver, from Halberstadt, around 1200 http www215.pair.com ... more details
Image Vadstena brakteaten, Nordisk familjebok.png thumb right The Vadstena bracteate. The Vadstena bracteate Rundata g 178 is a gold bracteate C bracteate found in the earth at Vadstena , Sweden , in 1774 ref name nfvadstena Nordisk Familjebok , Owl Edition, pp. 262 263 http runeberg.org nfck 0149.html ref . Along with the bracteate was a gold ring and a piece of gold sheet all were about melted down by a goldsmith who was stopped by a local clergyman . ref name runor cite book last Enoksen first Lars Magnar authorlink coauthors title Runor publisher Historiska Media date 1998 location Falun page 44 url isbn 91 88930 32 7 ref The bracteate was stolen in 1938 from the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities and has not yet been found. The bracteate is believed to have been made about AD 500. In the middle of the bracteate is a four legged animal with a man s head above it, and in front of this a bird separated from the other image by a line. ref name nfvadstena This image is commonly associated with the Norse god Odin in bracteate iconography . The bracteate is most famous for containing a full listing of the Elder Futhark runic alphabet . The runes in the futhark are divided by dots into three groups of eight runes which are commonly called an Norse clans tt . ref cite book last Elliott first Ralph Warren Victor authorlink Ralph Warren Victor Elliott title Runes An Introduction publisher Manchester University Press year 1980 page 14 url http books.google.com books?id SDS8AAAAIAAJ ... the necklace holder piece that has been molded on top of the bracteate, but archaeologists know what it is because a duplicate bracteate was found in Motala http www.historiska.se collections shm bild ... stock explanation for runic text that has not yet been interpretted. ref name runor The Motala bracteate ... misconception regarding the Vadstena bracteate probably also inspired by the 1906 find is that two ... bracteate 2 Category Elder Futhark inscriptions Category Bracteates Category Proto Norse language ... more details
Image Grumpanbrakteaten.jpg thumb right The Grumpan bracteate. The Grumpan bracteate , designated as runic inscription Vg 207 by Rundata , is a gold bracteate C bracteate found in V sterg tland , Sweden in 1911. It is dated to the 6th century. Runic inscription The Grumpan bracteate is notable as an early attestation of the division of the Elder Futhark row into three groups or ttir of eight runes each tt. ref name Page Cite book last Page first Raymond I. authorlink Raymond Ian Page title An Introduction to English Runes publisher Methuen & Co date 1973 location pages 62 url http books.google.com books?id 7cgOAAAAQAAJ&printsec frontcover&source gbs navlinks s v onepage&q &f false doi id isbn ref On the Grumpan bracteate, the runes of each tt are separated by a row of dots. ref name Page The following is a drawing of the inscription by Sigurd Agrell Lapptrummor och runmagi , 1934 Image Grumpanbrakteaten futhark.jpg 500px Transliteration fu arkgw hnij p zs tbeml o d ref name Rundata http www.nordiska.uu.se forskn samnord.htm Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata . ref The Grumpan bracteate is damaged at the upper end near the eyelet, at the end of the second tt, so that the z and s runes are lost. ref name Elliott Cite book last Elliott first Ralph Warren Victor authorlink Ralph Warren Victor Elliott title Runes An Introduction publisher Manchester University Press date 1959 location pages 14 url http books.google.com books?id SDS8AAAAIAAJ&printsec frontcover&source gbs navlinks s v onepage&q &f false doi id isbn 0 7190 0787 9 ref The rune transcribed as above actually has the shape of the z rune. huh date January 2012 Full listings of the Elder Futhark are known from the beginning of the 5th century, with the Kylver stone , and other early examples such as the Vadstena bracteate , Charnay Fibula . ref name Elliott The sequences given in these listings are mostly in agreement, except for the possible inversion of the positions of p, and of d, o . References ... more details
with side twigs attached to its extremities for the a . A similar sequence g gog is found on the Undleybracteate . Other items Bracteate s Eskatorp F and V sby F have e k erilaz I am a Herulian Bratsberg ... more details
Runestone Tune stone T ngelg rda stone Ulf of Borresta Undleybracteate Uppland Rune Inscriptions ... theory Vadstena bracteate Vaksala Runestone Vang stone Varangian runestones Velanda Runestone Viking ... more details
Image Tjurko bracteate replica.jpg 200px thumb Brass replica of Tjurk 1 the eye is not reproduced The Tjurk Bracteates , listed by Rundata as DR BR75 and DR BR76, are two bracteate s coins found on Tjurk , Eastern Hundred , Blekinge , Sweden , bearing Elder Futhark rune runic inscriptions in Proto Norse . Description The Tjurko bracteates were discovered in 1817 near Tjurk when cultivating, for the first time, a field on a stoney hill. ref name Montelius Montelius & Lindberg 1869 49 . ref The bracteates were found in the roots of the grass among the rocks. Also discovered with the bracteates was a gold coin of Theodosius II dated from 443 AD. ref name Montelius The Tjurk 1 bracteate is dated to the Germanic Iron Age between 400 and 650 AD and is now at the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities SHM 1453 25 . It is a typical C bracteate, similar to the Vadstena bracteate , and shows a stylized head in the center above a horse and beneath a bird. This iconography is usually interpreted as depicting an early form of the Norse god Odin with his associated animals, a horse and raven. Inscription Tjurk 1 bracteate RunicChars The inscription of the Tjurk 1 bracteate reads runic Transliteration wurte runoz an walhakurne heldaz kunimudiu ref name Rundata http www.nordiska.uu.se forskn samnord.htm Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata entry for DR BR75 and DR BR76. ref Proto Norse transcription Wurte runoz an walhakurne Heldaz Kunimundiu ref name Rundata English translation Heldaz wrought runes on the foreign grain for Kunimunduz. ref name Rundata There is a consensus that walha kurne is a compound word referring to the bracteate ... and mund protection. Tjurk 2 bracteate The Tjurk 2 bracteate is dated to the same period and has ... Tjurk 1 bracteate Map and Rundata http www.arild hauge.com arild hauge DR BR76.jpg Photograph of Tjurk 2 bracteate DEFAULTSORT Tjurko bracteate Category Bracteates Category Elder Futhark inscriptions ... more details
Image Brakteat Odin Runen.jpg 250px thumb right The Seeland II C bracteate. Seeland II C Sj lland bracteate 2 is a Scandinavian bracteate from Zealand Denmark Zealand , Denmark dating to the Migration period around 500 AD . The bracteate bears an Elder Futhark inscription which reads as hariuha haitika farauisa gibu auja ttt The final ttt is a triple Tiwaz rune Multiple Tiwaz runes stacked Tiwaz rune . This use of the rune is often interpreted as three invocations of the god Tyr . ref cite book last Spurkland first Terje authorlink title Norwegian Runes and Runic Inscriptions publisher Boydell Press date 2005 location pages 12 url http books.google.com books?id 1QDKqY NWvUC&printsec frontcover&source gbs navlinks s v onepage&q &f false doi id isbn 1 84383 186 4 ref The central image shows a male s head above a quadruped. This is the defining characteristic of C bracteates of which some 400 specimens survive , and is often interpreted as a depiction of Odin healing his horse. Krause translates the inscription as Hariuha I am called the dangerous knowledgeable one I give chance. ref name KRAUSE Krause, W. Die Sprache der urnordischen Runeninschriften ref farauisa is interpreted as fara uisa , either danger wise or travel wise . Moltke translates this word as one who is wise about dangers . ref name MOLTKE Erik Moltke Moltke, Erik Runerne i Danmark og deres Oprindelse . Published in English as Runes and their Origin Denmark and Elsewhere ref See also Merseburg Incantations Vadstena bracteate References reflist External links Kodratoff, Yves. http www.nordic life.org nmh runic.htm Runic Inscriptions Transcriptions with interpretations by Krause, Moltke, Antonsen and the author see http www.nordic life.org nmh Krause2.htm Runic Inscriptions from the Second Period no. 81 . Category Archaeology of Denmark Category Bracteates Category Proto Norse language Category Elder Futhark inscriptions de Brakteat Seeland II C es Seeland II C it Seeland II C ... more details
spanning the 5th to 11th centuries. The 5th century Undleybracteate is considered the earliest known ... to develop, inscriptions often indicating ownership. jewelry bracteate s some 133 Elder Futhark inscriptions ... objects Scandinavian see Sveriges runinskrifter bracteate Runestone About 260 items in Elder Futhark ... more details
Use mdy dates date September 2010 taxobox regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Malpighiales familia Salicaceae genus Willow Salix species S. sericea binomial Salix sericea binomial authority Marsh. Salix sericea , also known as silky willow , is a shrub in the Salicaceae family that grows in swamps and along rivers in eastern United States and Canada. It is 2 4 m tall and has long, thin, purplish twigs. The leaves are 6 10 cm long, 7 8 mm wide, wikt lanceolate lanceolate , wikt acuminate acuminate , wikt serrulat serrulate , dark green and lightly hairy on top, and light green and densely covered with white silky hairs underneath. Mature leaves are wikt glabrous glabrous . The Petiole botany petiole s are 1 cm long. Catkin s are wikt sessile sessile and usually wikt bracteate bracteate . Salix sericea blooms in May and fruits in June. External links http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SASE USDA profile for Salix sericea Category Salix sericea salicaceae stub az Salix sericea es Salix sericea ... more details
Undleybracteate . runic c was introduced later, in the 6th century. The double barred runic ... sundial ? comb, bracteate s, caskets, a font, dishes, and graffiti . The database includes ... more details
Seeland may refer to Seeland, Germany , a municipality in the Salzlandkreis district, in Saxony Anhalt, Germany Seeland Switzerland Drei Seen Land a region on the Swiss Plateau, Switzerland Seeland Region Verwaltungsregion Seeland , Switzerland Seeland administrative district , Switzerland Seeland II C a Scandinavian C bracteate Seeland Records an independent record label created by Negativland in the 1980s Seeland , a song by German band Neu from their album Neu 75 , for which Seeland Records is named See also Zealand disambiguation includes Zeeland spellings Sealand disambiguation disambig de Seeland ... more details
File GNM Alemannische Zierscheibe.jpg thumb Alemannic Zierscheibe from Herbrechtingen 6th century File SchwarzeSonneArtifacts.JPG thumb right Zierscheiben , the left one dated to ca. AD 400. Zierscheibe German for ornamental disk in archaeology is the term for a kind of metal jewellery dating to the European Iron Age . They are found in women s graves and are thought to have been worn as pendants attached to the tunica, or as part of a belt pouch. Early examples date to the Late Bronze Age ca. 800 BC . They develop into characteristic designs notably attested from Alamannic graves from the migration period . See also Black Sun occult symbol Bracteate Brooch Fibula brooch References reflist Category Archaeological artefact types Category Types of jewellery Category Archaeology of Alemannia Category History of the Germanic peoples Europe archaeology stub de Zierscheibe it Zierscheibe ... more details
101 Inscriptions Bracteates The inscription alu appears on the following bracteate s G ... 10. ref name RUNDATA G 205 Image Brakteat von Djupbrunns.jpg thumb right Bracteate G 205 bearing the inscription Alu . A gold bracteate G 205 discovered in Djupbrunns, Hogr n, Stenkumla, Sweden reads simply Alu and dates from around 400 CE. The bracteate was discovered in the same location as another gold bracteate G 204 from a considerably younger date that features the inscription ek Erilaz erila small R small . Today the bracteate is located in Swedish Museum of National Antiquities , Stockholm, Sweden. ref name RUNDATA DR BR6 A fragment of a bracteate DR BR6 discovered in Skydsrup, Southern ... 400 to 650 CE. Today the bracteate is housed in the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen, Denmark. ref name RUNDATA DR BR42 Image Bracteate from Funen, Denmark DR BR42 .jpg right thumb The Funen bracteate DR BR42 . A bracteate discovered on the island of Funen, Denmark features incomprehensible and meaningful text. The bracteate is housed with many others at the National Museum of Denmark . The transcription ... 10 , a Bracteate Typology C bracteate found in Upp kra , Scania , Sweden during a search with a metal detector in 2000. The bracteate bears a Proto Norse runic inscription. The transliteration reads sima ina alu ref name RUNDATA The bracteate depicts a man s head over a four legged animal. The A inscription ... more details
taxobox image regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Lamiaceae genus Salvia species S. oxyphora binomial Salvia oxyphora binomial authority John Isaac Briquet Briq. Salvia oxyphora is a herbaceous perennial that is endemism endemic to the foothills and lower eastern slopes of the Andes in Bolivia. It is found growing in disturbed scrub on slopes above streams in moist subtropical forest at convert 300 to 2200 m ft abbr on elevation. S. oxyphora grows to convert 1 to 1.5 m ft high, with lanceolate to ovate leaves that are convert 7 to 22 cm in abbr on long and convert 3 to 7 cm in abbr on wide. The inflorescence consists of terminal bracteate racemes that are approximately convert 7 cm in abbr on long when young, extending to a convert 20 cm in abbr on long spike. The corolla is red, convert 3 to 4 cm in abbr on long, with fine hairs that can be sparse to dense. ref name Kew cite journal last Wood first J. R. I. year 2007 title The Salvias Lamiaceae of Bolivia journal Kew Bulletin publisher Springer volume 62 issue 2 pages 177 207 jstor 20443346 ref Notes reflist Category Salvia oxyphora Category Flora of Bolivia Lamiaceae stub ... more details
Runefacts name Krogsta Runestone rundataid U 1125 U country Sweden region Uppland city Krogsta produced 6th century artist Unknown text native mws eij s ainaz text english ... stone picture File Krogstastenen.jpg 200px The Krogsta runestone is a runestone that is designated as U 1125 in the Rundata catalog. It is in Krogsta near Tuna, in the Uppsala Municipality , Sweden, in the historic province of Uppland . It was first described by Johannes Bureus in 1594. Alongside a drawing of a man with outstreched hands, it bears an Elder Futhark inscription , reading mws eij uninterpretable . On the right face is an additional s ainaz , probably for Proto Norse stainaz stone . The peculiar gesture of made by the drawn figure has been compared to similar depictions on bracteate s of the same period. ref Karl Heinzmann, Die H finger Kleinbrakteate und die Goldbrakteaten des Nordens , in Naumann ed. , Alemannien und der Norden , vol. 43 of Erg nzungsb nde zum Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde , Walter de Gruyter, 2004, ISBN 9783110178913, p. 379. ref References reflist D wel, Klaus 2001 Runenkunde , 3rd ed., J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart, Weimar. Ohlmarks, ke 1978 100 Svenska Runinskrifter . Bokf rlaget Plus, Bor s. External links Joachim Henkel, http www.geschichte skandinavien.de u1125.html U 1125 Krogsta 2007 . Category Elder Futhark inscriptions sv Upplands runinskrifter 1125 ... more details
Taxobox name Petrosaviaceae regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Petrosaviales ordo authority Takht. familia Petrosaviaceae familia authority Hutch. subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Japanolirion Petrosavia Petrosaviaceae is the botanical name of a family biology family of flowering plants . Such a family has been recognized by only few taxonomists the plants involved were usually treated as belonging to the family Liliaceae . The APG II system , of 2003, does recognize this family and assigns it to the clade monocots , unplaced as to order. This family then consists of two genera Japanolirion and Petrosavia . In circumscribing the family in this way, APG II departs from the APG system , of 1998, which treated each of these genera as constituting its own family. The APG III system , of 2009, place family Petrosaviaceae in order Petrosaviales. Japanolirion is taken to consist of one species and Petrosavia of three species. The plants in both genera are found in high elevation habitats and have bracteate racemes, pedicellate flowers, six persistent tepals, septal nectaries, three nearly distinct carpels, simultaneous microsporogenesis, monosulcate pollen, and follicular fruits. External links http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 2&taxon id 124741 Petrosavia in Flora of China http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Taxonomy Browser wwwtax.cgi?mode Tree&id 114079&lvl 3&lin f&keep 1&srchmode 1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser http www.csdl.tamu.edu FLORA cgi gateway family?fam Petrosaviaceae links at CSDL, Texas Category Monocot families Category Petrosaviaceae ca Petrosavi cia cs Petrosaviaceae de Petrosaviaceae es Petrosaviaceae fr Petrosaviaceae ko id Petrosaviales hu Petrosaviaceae nl Petrosaviaceae ja no Petrosaviaceae pt Petrosaviaceae ru sr Petrosaviaceae vi H V di p li n zh ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 The Germanic Iron Age is the name given to the period 400 800 in Northern Europe and it is part of the continental Age of Migrations . Germanic Iron The Germanic Iron Age follows the Roman Iron Age and the beginning is marked by the fall of the Roman empire and the rise of the Germanic king doms in Western Europe. In Scandinavia , it is followed by the Viking Age . It is divided into the early Germanic Iron Age EGIA and the late Germanic Iron Age LGIA . In Sweden , the LGIA 550 800 is usually referred to as the Vendel era , in Norway, the Merovinger Merovingian Age. During the fall of the Roman empire, an abundance of gold flowed into Scandinavia and there are excellent works in gold from this period. Gold was used to make scabbard mountings and bracteate s. After the Roman empire had disappeared, gold became scarce and Scandinavians began to make objects of gilded bronze, with decorations of animal style interlacing animals in Scandinavian style. The EGIA decorations show animals that are rather faithful anatomically, but in the LGIA they evolve into intricate shapes with interlace visual arts interlacing and interwoven limbs that are well known from the Viking Age . See also Stone ship Vendel era Germanic Heroic Age Merovingian Heptarchy Source and external link http www.denmark.dk portal page? pageid 374,477916& dad portal& schema PORTAL Denmark portal Timeline of Historical Scandinavia Category European archaeology Category History of the Germanic peoples Category Iron Age Europe Category Migration Period da Germansk jernalder fr ge du fer germanique it Et del ferro germanica no Merovingertiden nn Merovingartida ru sv Germansk j rn lder ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Sibbaldiopsis image Sibbaldiopsis tridentata1.jpg image caption Sibbaldiopsis tridentata regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae subfamilia Rosoideae genus Sibbaldiopsis genus authority Per Axel Rydberg Rydb. species S. tridentata binomial Sibbaldiopsis tridentata binomial authority Ait. Rydb. synonyms Potentilla tridentata small Ait. small Sibbaldiopsis is a genus in the plant family Rosaceae . formerly in Potentilla , the Three toothed Cinquefoil is the single representative of this genus. Systemic phylogenetic work has placed S. tridentata closer to Aphanes and Sibbaldia than to Potentilla Erikkson et al. 2003 . S. tridentata is commonly found in eastern Canada and parts of Greenland, south into the northeastern US, with disjunct populations extending down the Appalachian mountains. The southernmost known populations are located in Georgia and North Carolina, and occupy high elevation rock outcrops and Appalachian balds grassy balds USDA 2007 . S.tridentata is a short 0.3 3 dm tall woody perennial. It has leaves with 3 palmately arranged leaflets approximately 1 4 cm long which are toothed at the apex typically three teeth . The leaves are retained in winter, but often with a red coloring. Flowers are small and white, radial, and arranged in a compound bracteate cymbe. The individual flowers resemble flowers from the genus Potentilla Radford et al. 1968 . S. tridentata is listed as endangered in 5 US states USDA 2007 . References Erikkson T, SH Malin, AD Yoder, CF Delwiche, and MJ Donoghue. 2003 The Phylogeny of Rosoideae Rosaceae Based on Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacers ITS of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and the trnL F Region of Chloroplast DNA. Int J Plant Sci 164 197 211 Radford AE, HE Ahles, and CR Bell. 1964 Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill Press Chapel Hill, NC USDA PLANTS National Database. 2007 http plants.usda.gov java nameSe ... more details
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