lowercase In Unix like computer operating system s, the code at code command is used to schedule command computing command s to be executed once, at a particular system time time in the future. More precisely, it reads a series of commands from standard input and collects them into one at job which is carried out at a later date. The at job inherits the current environment, so that it is executed in the same working directory and with the same environment variable s set as when it was scheduled. It differs from code cron code which is used for recurring executions e.g. once an hour, every Tuesday, January 1 every year . As with code cron code , many Unix systems allow the administrator to restrict access to the code at code command. code at code can be made to mail a user when done carrying out a scheduled job of theirs, can use more than one job queue, and can read a list of jobs to carry out from a file instead of standard input. A sample command to compile a C programming language C program at 11 45 a. m. on January 31st and e mail the results Standard streams STDOUT and STDERR to your user ID would be source lang bash echo cc o foo foo.c at 1145 at 1145 jan 31 at cc o foo foo.c at D press Control D while at the beginning of a line atq 1234 2011 08 12 11 45 cc o foo foo.c user atrm 1234 atq source In some Unix like computer operating system s it uses a Daemon computer software daemon , code atd code , which waits in the background periodically checking the list of jobs to do ... s replacement for at. List of Unix programs External links man cu at SUS execute commands at a later time man 1 at queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution unix commands unix stub Category Standard Unix programs At Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ca At Unix cs At Unix de At Unix el At Unix es At Unix fr At Unix it At Unix hu At Unix ja At UNIX pl At Unix pt At Unix ro At Unix ru At uk At ... more details
first4 Mike title Unix Power Tools year 2002 isbn 0 596 00330 7 ref Both Unix and the C programming ... of Unix was rewritten in C, portability also increased. A group at the University of Wollongong ... BSD releases . Many contributions to Unix first appeared on BSD releases, notably the C shell with job ... c,unix article.html Novell Won t Pursue Unix Copyrights August 15, 2007 ref SCO successfully ... system from source code cc C programming language C language compiler first appeared in V3 Unix as machine ..., such as the C language and troff Impact See also Unix like The Unix system had significant ...Infobox OS name Unix logo screenshot Image Unix history simple.svg 250px caption Evolution of Unix and Unix ... model Historically Closed source software closed source , now some Unix projects Berkeley Software ... Command line interface & Graphical user interface Graphical X Window System family Unix released 1969 license Proprietary software Proprietary working state Active Unix officially trademarked as UNIX , sometimes also written as span style font variant small caps Unix span is a Computer multitasking ... Ken Thompson , Dennis Ritchie , Brian Kernighan , Douglas McIlroy , and Joe Ossanna . The Unix operating ... in C programming language C , greatly facilitating its further development and Software portability porting to other hardware. Today s Unix system evolution is split into various branches, developed ..., owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified to use the trademark others might be called Unix system like or Unix ... is a Unix like operating system? Unix.org FAQ ref of this term. However, the term Unix is often used ... 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large scale adoption of Unix particularly of the Berkeley Software Distribution BSD variant, originating from the University ... all variants of Unix, the most widely used are Linux Citation needed date January 2012 , which is used ... more details
notability date September 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 infobox software name As latest release version latest release date platform website as is a generic name for an assembly language Assembler assembler on Unix . The GNU Project s assembler is named GNU assembler Gas . Category Assemblers Category Unix programming tools Unix stub fr As Unix ru As ... more details
A port of Version 6 Unix to the Interdata 7 32 was completed by Richard Miller and Ross Nealon at Wollongong University , Australia , during 1976 1977. This project was supervised by professor Juris Reinfelds . The resulting system was called Wollongong Interdata UNIX, Level 6 . This distribution also included utilities developed at Wollongong, and later releases had features of V7, notably its C programming language C compiler . Wollongong Unix was the first ever port to a platform other than the PDP series of computers, proving that portable operating systems were indeed feasible, and that C was the language in which to write them. In 1980, this version was licensed to The Wollongong Group in Palo Alto that published it as Edition 7. See also Version 7 Unix Ancient UNIX External links http minnie.tuhs.org UnixTree V6 V6 source code http minnie.tuhs.org UnixTree Interdata v6 Wollongong Interdata UNIX source code http www.graphviz.org Gallery directed unix.svg a family tree of Unix, which includes Wollongong UnixUnix like Category Unix variants Category Discontinued operating systems Unix stub ... more details
The Unix System ISBN 0 201 13791 7 is a book by Stephen R. Bourne it was the first widely available general introduction to the Unix operating system . It included some historical material on Unix, as well as material on using the system, editing, the software tools concept, C programming using the Unix API , data management with the shell and awk , and typesetting with troff . DEFAULTSORT Unix System Category Computer books compu book stub ... more details
lowercase mail Unix mail is a command line email client for Unix and Unix like operating system s. Example usage syntaxhighlight lang bash mail s You ve got mail c cc.rider example.org somebody example.com anotherbody example.net syntaxhighlight This sends a message with the subject You ve got mail to two recipients, somebody example.com and anotherbody example.net, and CCs copies a third, cc.rider example.org. The message will be typed after the command is entered and will be ended with Control D. Any Unix command sequence that generates text can be used to send a message in one line. For example syntaxhighlight lang bash echo Some message mail s meeting today somebody example.com syntaxhighlight This is especially useful for having a system report its status automatically through email. See also Cleancode email mailx External links http mailutils.org manual html section mail.html tt mail tt at GNU Mailutils manual Unix commands Category Unix internet software Unix stub fr Mail Unix pl Mail Unix ru Mail zh Mail Unix ... more details
the C programming language C programming language and Unix pipe pipes total number of installations was 16. 4th Edition Nov. 1973 First Unix written in C programming language C . It also introduced Group identifier Unix groups . Number of installations was listed as above 20 . The manual was formatted ...Inappropriate tone date December 2007 Bell Unix Research Unix is a term used to refer to versions of the Unix ... to as Department 1127 . History The term Research Unix first appeared in the Bell System Technical ... Labs such as PWB UNIX and Multi Environment Real Time MERT whose code base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little used until Version 8 Unix , but has been retcon retroactively ... called simply UNIX in caps or the UNIX Time Sharing System. Because both the early versions and the last ... Unix versions are often referred to by the edition of the Unix manual manual that describes them. So, the first Research Unix would be the First Edition, and the last the Tenth Edition. Another common way of referring to them is Version x or V x Unix, where x is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix excepting implementations from scratch like Coherent operating system Coherent , Minix , and Linux , usually referred to as Unix like derive from the 7th Edition. Versions class wikitable Manual Edition Release date Description 1st Edition Nov. 3, 1971 First edition of the Unix manual, based on the version that ran on the PDP 11 at the time. Unix was actually 2 years old at the time and had ... above 50 . Version 6 Unix 6th Edition May 1975 First Unix to see widespread distribution outside ... UNIX, a cut down v6 for the low end PDP 11 10. Version 7 Unix 7th Edition Jan. 1979 The ancestor of all modern UNIX systems and the last release of Research Unix to see widespread external distributions. Merged together most of the utilities of PWB UNIX with an extensively modified kernel with almost 80 more lines of code than V6. In February, a port called UNIX 32V 32V was made to DEC s VAX hardware ... more details
lowercase head is a Computer program program on Unix and Unix like systems used to display the first few lines of a text Computer file file or pipe computing pipe d data. The command syntax is head options < file name> By default, tt head tt will print the first 10 lines of its input to the standard output . The number of lines printed may be changed with a command line option. The following example shows the first 20 lines of filename head n 20 filename This displays the first 5 lines of all files starting with foo head n 5 foo Some versions omit the n and just let you say 5. Flags c x number of bytes Copy first x number of bytes. Other Many early versions of Unix did not have this command, and so documentation and books had sed do this job sed 5q foo This says to print every line implicit , and quit after the fifth. See also tail Unix tail , dd Unix dd List of Unix programs External links http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node head invocation.html head manual page from GNU coreutils . http www.freebsd.org cgi man.cgi?query head&apropos 0&sektion 0&manpath FreeBSD 5.3 RELEASE and Ports&format html FreeBSD documentation for head Unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Head de Head Unix el Head Unix es Head Unix fr Head Unix ko Head it Head hu Head Unix ja Head pl Head Unix pt Head ro Head Unix ru Head Unix uk Head tr Head Unix ... more details
lowercase tt split tt is a Unix utility most commonly used to split a Computer file file into two or more smaller files. Usage The command syntax is source lang bash split OPTION INPUT PREFIX source The default behavior of tt split tt is to generate output files of a fixed size, default 1000 lines. The files are named by appending aa , ab , ac , etc. to output filename . If output filename is not given, the default filename of x is used, for example, xaa , xab , etc. When a hyphen is used instead of input filename , data is derived from standard input . p To split filename to parts each 50 MB named part aa , part ab , part ac ,.... source lang bash split b50m filename part source To join the files back together again use the Cat Unix tt cat tt command source lang bash cat xaa xab xac filename source or source lang bash cat xa a c filename source or even source lang bash cat xa filename source Additional program options permit a maximum character count instead of a line count , a maximum line length, how many incrementing characters in generated filenames, and whether to use letters or digits. Manual man 1 split split a file into pieces See also csplit splits by content rather than by size List of Unix utilities unix stub Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Unix commands ca Split Unix de Split Unix el Split Unix es Split Unix fa Split ko Split it Split Unix hu Split Unix ja Split pl Split Unix pt Split Unix ro Split Unix ru Split uk Split ... more details
Original research date August 2008 Infobox OS name Amiga UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. family UNIXUnix System V System V R4 source model primarily closed source latest release version 2.01 latest release date 1992 kernel type Monolithic kernel Monolithic ... Motorola 68030 Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. , in 1990, did a full port of AT&T Unix System V Unix System V Release 4 for the Amiga computer family in addition to the proprietary AmigaOS ... 3000UX , Commodore s Unix was one of the first ports of SVR4 to the 68k architecture. The Amiga ... Unix contained no compatibility layer to allow AmigaOS applications to run under Unix. With few ... to find a niche in the quite competitive Unix workstation market of the early 1990s. The A3000UX ... compared to other Unix workstations at the time, such as the NeXTstation 5,000 for a base system ... www.digibarn.com collections systems sgi indy index.html Unlike typical commercial Unix distributions of the time, Amiga Unix included the source code to the vendor specific enhancements and platform ... license terms as the binary part of the system it was open source but not free software . Amiga Unix also incorporated and depended upon many open source components, such as the GNU C Compiler and X Window System , and included their source code. Like many other Unix variants with small market shares, Amiga Unix vanished into the mists of computer history when its vendor, Commodore, went out of business. Today, Unix like operating systems such as Minix , NetBSD , and Linux are available for the Amiga platform, but the commercial and AT&T licensed Amiga Unix has not been revived. External links ... The Very Unofficial Commodore Amiga Unix AMIX Wiki Unix like AmigaOS Amiga hardware Category Amiga Category UNIX System V Category Discontinued operating systems unix stub de AMIX es Amiga Unix it Amiga Unix pl Amiga Unix ru Amiga UNIX ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 lowercase In Unix and Unix like operating system s, code sigprocmask code is a function call used to change or examine the list of currently blocked Signal computing signals . Blocked signals are not delivered to the process until unblocked. Signals that cannot be ignored SIGKILL and SIGSTOP cannot be blocked. it has three arguments, out of which, second and third are of type, sigset t.The first argument decides what has to be done to the arg2 and arg3. Category C libraries Unix stub ... more details
lowercase tt wc tt short for w ord c ount is a command in Unix like operating systems. The program reads either standard input or a list of files and generates one or more of the following statistics number of bytes, word count number of words , and number of lines specifically, the number of newline characters . If a list of files is provided, both individual file and total statistics follow. Sample execution of tt wc tt wc foo bar 40 149 947 foo 2294 16638 97724 bar 2334 16787 98671 total The first column is the count of newlines, meaning that the text file tt foo tt has 40 newlines while tt bar tt has 2294 newlines resulting in a total of 2334 newlines. The second column indicates the number of words in each text file showing that there are 149 words in tt foo tt and 16638 words in tt bar tt giving a total of 16787 words. The last column indicates the number of characters in each text file, meaning that the file tt foo tt has 947 characters while tt bar tt has 97724 characters 98671 characters all in all. Newer versions of tt wc tt can differentiate between byte and character computing character count. This difference arises with Unicode which includes multi byte characters. The desired behaviour is selected with the tt c tt or tt m tt switch. GNU tt wc tt used to be part of the GNU textutils package it is now part of GNU coreutils . Usage tt wc l filename tt print the line count tt wc c filename tt print the byte count tt wc m filename tt print the character count tt wc L ... of Unix programs External links man 1 wc from linux.die.net http man.cat v.org unix 1st 1 wc wc 1 Original Unix First Edition manual page for wc . http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 wc.1.php wc The program ... Unix commands unix stub Category Unix text processing utilities Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Wc Unix el Wc Unix es Wc Unix fr Wc Unix it Wc Unix hu Wc ja Wc UNIX pl Wc Unix pt Wc Unix ro Wc Unix ru Wc fi Wc Unix uk Wc Unix zh Wc Unix ... more details
The Unix philosophy is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to developing computer software software based on the experience of leading developers of the Unix operating system . McIlroy A Quarter Century of Unix Douglas McIlroy Doug McIlroy , the inventor of Pipeline UnixUnix pipes and one of the founders of the Unix tradition, summarized the philosophy as follows ref http www.faqs.org docs artu ch01s06.html Basics of the Unix Philosophy ref quote This is the Unix philosophy Write ... book The Art of Unix Programming , ref cite book title The Art of Unix Programming first Eric ... url http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html accessdate 2009 02 09 ref summarizes the Unix philosophy as the widely used KISS Principle of Keep it Simple, Stupid. ref cite book title The Art of Unix ... Addison Wesley url http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html chapter The Unix Philosophy in One ... of Unix Programming first Eric last Raymond authorlink Eric S. Raymond date 19 September 2003 isbn ... of the Unix Philosophy chapterurl http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html ch01s06.html id2878263 ... sooner than you think. Mike Gancarz The UNIX Philosophy In 1994 Mike Gancarz a member of the team that designed the X Window System , drew on his own experience with Unix, as well as discussions with fellow programmers and people in other fields who depended on Unix, to produce The UNIX Philosophy .... Avoid captive user interfaces. Make every program a Filter Unix filter . Worse is better Main Worse is better Richard P. Gabriel suggests that a key advantage of Unix was that it embodied a design ... he questions the quality of some results. For example, in the early days Unix was a monolithic .... The Unix system would occasionally return early from a system call with an error stating that it had ... or experience signals other than code SIGINT code or Control C and would die right away if one ... Unix is simple. It just takes a genius to understand its simplicity. Dennis Ritchie Unix was not designed ... more details
lowercase title info Infobox software name Info logo screenshot caption collapsible author developer released Start date YYYY MM DD latest release version 4.11 latest release date Start date and age YYYY MM DD latest preview version latest preview date Start date and age YYYY MM DD frequently updated programming language operating system GNU platform size language status genre Documentation Viewer license GNU General Public License website http www.gnu.org software texinfo info is a software utility which forms a hypertext ual, multipage documentation and help viewer working on a command line interface , useful when there is no GUI available. info processes info files, which are Texinfo formatted files, and presents the documentation as a Tree structure tree , with simple commands to traverse the tree and to follow cross references. For instance n goes to the next page. p goes to the previous page. u goes to the upper page. l goes to the last visited node To follow a cross reference, the cursor can be moved over a link a word preceded by a and enter pressed. The C implementation of info was designed as the main documentation system of GNU based Operating Systems and was then ported to other Unix like operating systems. However, info files had already been in use on Incompatible Timesharing System ITS emacs . List of Texinfo readers info pinfo tkman tkinfo khelpcenter click Browse Info Pages emacs See also Portal Free software Manual page Unix man List of Unix programs External links unix commands Category Unix software Category Online help unix stub ca Info Unix es Info Unix fr Info Unix ka Info hu Info Unix tr nfo Unix ... more details
lowercase tr is a command in Unix like operating systems. It is an abbreviation of translate or transliterate , indicating its operation of replacing or removing specific characters in its input data set. The utility reads a byte stream from its standard input and writes the result to the standard output . As Command line argument arguments , it takes two sets of characters, and replaces occurrences of the characters in the first set with the corresponding elements from the second set. For example, tr abcd jkmn maps all characters a to j , b to k , c to m , and d to n . The character set may be abbreviated by using character ranges. The previous example could be written tr a d jkmn In POSIX compliant versions of tr, the set represented by a character range depends on the locale s collating order, so it is safer to avoid character ranges in scripts that might be executed in a locale different from that in which they were written. Ranges can often be replaced with POSIX character sets such as alpha . The s flag causes tr to compress sequences of identical adjacent characters in its output to a single token. For example, tr s n replaces sequences of one or more newline characters with a single newline. The d flag causes tr to delete all tokens of the specified set of characters from ... carriage return characters. tr d r The c flag complements the first set of characters. The invocation ... tr and classic Unix tr, operate on single byte characters and are not Unicode compliant. An exception ... to characters. See also Sed List of Unix programs External links http man.cat v.org unix 8th 1 tr tr 1 Unix 8th Edition manual page. http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 tr.1.php The program s manpage http www.examplenow.com tr usage examples at examplenow.com unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Category Unix SUS2008 utilities ca Tr Unix fr Tr Unix hu Tr Unix ja Tr UNIX pl Tr Unix pt Tr Unix ru Tr fi Tr Unix sv Tr Unix uk Tr ... more details
The C shell was developed by Bill Joy for the Berkeley Software Distribution, a line of Unix operating ... derived from the 6th Edition Unix shell Thompson shell . Its syntax is modeled after the C programming ... to Unix and Linux . ref TENEX C shell tcsh Hamilton C shell Written by Nicole Hamilton, first distributed ... windows on a Mac OS X desktop. A Unix shell is a command line interpreter or shell computing shell that provides a traditional user interface for the Unix operating system and for Unix like systems. Users ... to execute or by creating text scripts of one or more such commands. The most influential Unix shells have been the Bourne shell and the C shell . The Bourne shell, sh, was written by Stephen Bourne at AT&T as the original Unix command line interpreter it introduced the basic features common to all the Unix shells, including Pipeline Unix piping , here document s, command substitution , Variable ... Peter Grandi, Dept of CS, UCW Aberystwyth, UK, Dec 17, 1989. ref The C shell , csh, was written ... the control structures and the expression grammar, was modeled on C. The C shell also introduced a large number of features for interactive work, including the C shell History history and C shell Editing operators editing mechanisms, C shell Aliases aliases , C shell Directory stack directory stacks , C shell Tilde notation tilde notation , C shell Cdpath cdpath , C shell Job control job control and C shell Path hashing path hashing . Both shells have been used as coding base and model for many ... of most operating systems. In Unix like operating systems users typically have many choices of command ... another shell program interactively. The Unix shell was unusual when it was introduced. It is both ... created for other operating system s than Unix, often provide similar functionality. On systems with a windowing system , some users may never use the shell directly. On Unix systems, the shell ... functions. Graphical user interface s for Unix, such as GNOME , KDE , and Xfce are often called visual ... more details
The weight of directories source lang bash du d 1 c h source See also List of Unix programs Filelight ...lowercase Image Du unix output.png thumb example screenshot of du in a terminal code du code abbreviated from d isk u sage is a standard Unix computer program program used to estimate file space usage space used under a particular Folder computing directory or computer file files on a file system . History The code du code utility first appeared in version 1 of Unix 1970s AT&T UNIX . Specification By default, the Single Unix Specification SUS specifies that code du code is to display the file space allocated to each file and directory contained in the current directory. Links will be displayed as the size of the link file, not what is being linked to the size of the content of directories is displayed, as expected. As code du code reports allocation space and not absolute file space, the amount of space on a file system shown by code du code may vary from that shown by code df Unix df code if files have been deleted but their blocks not yet freed. Also the minfree setting that allocates datablocks for the filesystem and the super user processes creates a discrepancy between total blocks and the sum of used and available blocks. The minfree setting is usually set to about 5 of the total filesystem size. For more info see http www.gnu.org software coreutils faq coreutils faq.html df Size and Used and Available do not add up core utils faq . Usage code du code takes a single argument, specifying a pathname for tt du tt to work if it is not specified, the current directory is used ... the pathname argument is specified. Other Unix and Unix like operating systems may add extra ... unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Disk usage analysis software cs Du Unix de Du Unix es Du fr Du Unix it Du Unix no Du Unix pl Du Unix pt Du Unix ro Du Unix ru Du uk Du zh Du ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Lowercase title hash hash is a Unix command that prints the location information for the commands found. Syntax ksh hash name Description When the user gives a command, the shell searches for the command in the path specified in the PATH environmental variable and stores the location in the hash. This command can be used to search for the command given. The command is built into the shell. C shell implements this command in a different way. Options The following options are supported name Searches the PATH environmental variable for the name given Exit Status This command returns the following exit values 0 Successful completion 1 An Error occurred Examples 1. hash Print the hash table. 2. hash cat Searches for command cat in the path specified by PATH environmental variable if found, adds it to the hash. See also The Bash Unix shell bash command, C shell csh command, find command, korn shell ksh command, Bourne shell sh command. Category Unix SUS2008 utilities el Hash Unix ... more details
in with Ctrl C. This command can be run in the background with tt & tt , see job control Unix job control . If you have a command s result to monitor, you can use the watch Unix watch command ...lowercase tail is a Computer program program on Unix and Unix like systems used to display the last few lines of a text Computer file file or pipe computing pipe d data. Syntax The command syntax is tt tail options file name tt By default, tt tail tt will print the last 10 lines of its input to the standard output . With command line options the number of lines printed and the printing units lines, blocks or bytes may be changed. The following example shows the last 20 lines of filename tt tail n 20 filename tt This example shows the last 15 bytes of all files starting with foo tt tail c 15 foo tt This example shows all lines of filename from the second line onwards tt tail n 2 filename tt Using an older syntax still used in older version of Sun Solaris as the n option is not supported , the last 20 lines and the last 50 bytes of filename can be shown with the following command tt tail 20 filename tt tt tail 50c filename tt However this syntax is now obsolete and does not conform with the POSIX 1003.1 2001 standard. Even if still supported in current versions, when used with other options ... window in subwindows. It is more or less a combination of tail, sed , watch Unix watch , CCZE pctail, grep , diff , http cosoleto.free.fr beeper Beeper and others. See also head Unix head List of Unix programs External links http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node tail invocation.html ... 0&manpath FreeBSD 5.3 RELEASE and Ports&format html FreeBSD documentation for tail Unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix text processing utilities cs Tail de Tail Unix el Tail Unix es Tail fr Tail Unix fa Tail ko Tail it Tail hu Tail Unix ja Tail pl Tail Unix pt Tail ro Tail Unix ru Tail uk Tail tr Tail Unix ... more details
lowercase od is an octal dumping program for Unix and Unix like systems. It can also dump hexadecimal or decimal data. od is one of the earliest Unix programs, having appeared in version 1 AT&T Unix. It is also specified in the POSIX standards see external link below . The implementation for od used on Linux systems is usually provided by GNU Core Utilities . Example session Normally a dump of an executable file is very long. The head Unix head program prints out the first few lines of the output. Here is an example of a dump of the Hello world program Hello world program , pipe computing piped through head. source lang bash od hello head 0000000 042577 043114 000401 000001 000000 000000 000000 000000 0000020 000002 000003 000001 000000 101400 004004 000064 000000 0000040 003610 000000 000000 000000 000064 000040 000006 000050 0000060 000033 000030 000006 000000 000064 000000 100064 004004 0000100 100064 004004 000300 000000 000300 000000 000005 000000 0000120 000004 000000 000003 000000 000364 000000 100364 004004 0000140 100364 004004 000023 000000 000023 000000 000004 000000 0000160 000001 000000 000001 000000 000000 000000 100000 004004 0000200 100000 004004 002121 000000 002121 000000 000005 000000 0000220 010000 000000 000001 000000 002124 000000 112124 004004 source and here is tt od tt used to diagnose the output of tt echo command echo tt where the user types key press Control V Ctrl Control V V Ctrl I and key press Control V Ctrl Control V V Control C Ctrl Control CC after writing Hello to literal insert a Tab key tab and tt C tt character source lang bash echo Hello C od cb 0000000 H e l l o t 003 n 110 145 154 154 157 011 003 012 0000010 source See also Hex editor tt hexdump tt External links http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node od invocation.html ... for od Unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities es Od Unix fr Od UNIX pl Od UNIX ru Od vi Od Unix ... more details
Infobox Magazine title UNIX Review image file image size image caption editor Joe Casad, Rikki Endsley frequency circulation category List of computer magazines Computer magazines company firstdate finaldate 2007 country United States language English language English website issn UNIX Review was an American magazine covering technical aspects of the UNIX operating system and C programming language C programming . Recognized for its in depth technical analyses, ref cite web url http www.thefreelibrary.com ALR revolution server series wins UNIX Review Magazine 27s annual... a018821236 title ALR revolution server series wins UNIX Review Magazine s annual outstanding product award. last1 first1 last2 first2 date Nov. 4, 1996 work Business Wire publisher Gale Group accessdate August 27, 2010 ref the journal also reported on industry confabs and included some lighter fare. The journal was renamed to UNIX Review s Performance Computing UR PC Magazine with the April 1998 issue, ref cite web url http www.feniks.com skb title Stan Kelly Bootle website home page author Stan Kelly Bootle date work Stan Kelly Bootle s website publisher accessdate August 27, 2010 ref and ceased print publication in 1999. The on line publication ceased in 2007. ref name mondo cite web url http www.mondotimes.com 2 topics 5 business 24 897 title Unix Review Magazine last1 first1 last2 first2 date work publisher accessdate August 27, 2010 ref It was published by REVIEW Publications of Renton, Washington. The rights to the title are currently owned by United Business Media formerly CMP Media , ref name mondo ... , writer of the The C Advisor column. Rich Morin, writer of the The Internet Notebook column References ... accessdate August 27, 2010 External links http web.archive.org web http unixreview.com UNIX Review at the Wayback Machine internet archive DEFAULTSORT Unix Review Category Defunct American computer magazines Category Unix Category 2007 disestablishments unix stub Compu mag stub ... more details
lowercase nm Unix The nm command ships with a number of later versions of Unix and similar operating system s. nm is used to examine binary file s including Library computing libraries , compiled Object file object modules , shared object files, and standalone executable s and to display the contents of those files, or Metadata meta information stored in them, specifically the symbol table . The output from nm distinguishes between various symbol types, for example it differentiates between a subroutine function which is supplied by an object module and a function which is required by it. nm is used as an aid for debugging , to help resolve problems arising from name conflicts and C name mangling , and to validate other parts of the toolchain . The GNU Project ships an implementation of nm as part of the GNU Binutils package. nm output sample source lang c File name test.c For C code compile with gcc c test.c For C code compile with g c test.c int global var int global var init 26 static int static var static int static var init 25 static int static function return 0 int global function int p static int local static var static int local static var init 5 local static var p return local static var init local static var int global function2 int x int y return x y ifdef cplusplus extern C endif void non mangled function I do nothing int main void global var 1 static var 2 return 0 source If the previous code is compiled with the GNU Compiler Collection gcc C compiler the output of nm ... 00000004 C global var 00000000 D global var init 00000004 b local static var.1255 00000008 d local ... 00000000 b static var 00000004 d static var init pre When using the c compiler the output differs pre ... extern C in C code. See also Objdump External links man cu nm SUS write the name list of an object file man 1 nm List symbols from object files Category Unix programming tools Category Unix SUS2008 utilities unix stub el Nm Unix es Nm Unix ko Nm ja Nm UNIX ru Nm ... more details
lowercase title touch Unix touch is a standard Unix computer program program used to change a computer file file s access and modification system time timestamps . It is also used to create a new empty file. History A touch utility appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. The version of tt touch tt bundled in GNU coreutils was written by Paul Rubin , Arnold Robbins , Jim Kingdon , David MacKenzie programmer David MacKenzie Specification The Single Unix Specification SUS specifies that tt touch tt should change the access times, modification times, or both, for a file. The file is identified by a pathname supplied as a single argument. It also specifies that if the file identified does not exist, the file is created and the access and modification times are set as specified. If no new timestamps are specified, tt touch tt uses the current time. Usage The SUS mandates the following options tt a tt , change the access time only tt c tt , if the file does not exist, do not create it and do not report this condition tt m tt , change the modification time only tt r file tt , use the access and modification times of tt file tt tt t time tt , use the time specified in the format below to update the access and modification times The time is specified in the format cc yy MMDDhhmm .ss where MM specifies ... Unix and Unix like operating systems may add extra options. For example, GNU tt touch tt adds a tt ... touch source Other operating systems Programs that perform similar operations as the Unix code touch ... archive.html The ntouch dtouch page See also System time List of Unix programs External links ... Unix Specification http www.bellevuelinux.org touch.html examples showing how to use touch Dead link ... page from OpenBSD unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Touch Unix de Touch Unix es Touch Unix fa Touch fr Touch Unix ko Touch it Touch Unix ka Touch hu Touch Unix ja Touch UNIX pl Touch Unix pt Touch inform tica ro Touch Unix ... more details
lowercase title watch Unix watch is a GNU command line tool that runs the specified command computing command repeatedly and displays the output on stdout so you can watch it change over time. By default, the command is run every 2 seconds, although this is adjustable with the code n secs code argument. Since the command is passed to code sh c code , you may need to encase it in quotes for it to run correctly. Syntax watch options command command options Example watch ps Unix ps e grep php This will generate a list of process computing process es every 2 seconds, filter for all lines that contain the word php , and display the results on the screen. The output might look something like this Every 2s ps e grep php Tue Jan 30 14 56 33 2007 reconst 30028 0.0 0.0 7044 2596 ? S Jan23 0 00 vim r core html api.php cinonet 28009 0.0 0.2 20708 11064 ? SN Jan25 0 30 php5.cgi donoiz 23810 0.0 0.2 22740 10996 ? SN Jan27 0 30 php.cgi 43 pdf The watch command is useful for viewing changes over time, like repeatedly running the code ls l code command to watch a file s size change, or running code ps code as in the above example to monitor certain processes continuously. Arguments code d code Highlights differences between iterations code h code Displays a help message, then exits code n secs code Specifies the interval between executions of the command in seconds code t code Tells watch not to display the header code v code Prints version information, then exits See also List of Unix commands External links man 1 watch execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen Unix commands Category Unix process and task management related software Category Standard Unix programs ca Watch pl Watch Unix ru Watch uk Watch ... more details
lowercase title indent infobox software name GNU indent logo caption author David Ingamells, Carlo Wood, Joseph Arceneaux, Jim Kingdon, John Bridges released programming language C developer FSF latest release version 2.2.10 latest release date release date and age 2008 03 11 latest preview version latest preview date operating system Cross platform genre source code reformat tool license GNU General Public License GNU GPL v3 website http www.gnu.org software indent status Inactive? indent is a Unix programming tool utility that reformats C programming language C and C code in a user defined indent style and coding style . Support for C code is considered experimental. Examples of usage The command line indent st bap bli0 i4 l79 ncs npcs npsl fca lc79 fc1 ts4 SomeFile.c indents code SomeFile.c code in a style resembling Indent style Allman style BSD Allman style and writes the result to the standard output . GNU indent GNU indent is the GNU Project s version of indent. A different indent style, the Indent style GNU style GNU style , is used by default. ref http www.gnu.org software indent manual indent.pdf GNU Indent Manual ref GUI UniversalIndentGUI See also Astyle BCPP software BCPP GreatCode Uncrustify External links http www.gnu.org software indent GNU indent Homepage http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 indent.1.php Linuxmanpages.com The program s manpage references GNU Category GNU Project software Category Unix programming tools Unix stub fr Indent vi Indent Unix zh Indent UNIX ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
