Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Unsaturated monomer s are those having carbon carbon double bonds. In general, the term unsaturated refers to the presence of one or more double or triple bonds and the ability to saturate the molecule by addition of H sub 2 sub . Some examples of unsaturated monomers include Acrylic acid , Acrylamide , Acryloyl chloride , and Methyl methacrylate . DEFAULTSORT Unsaturated Monomer Category Polymer chemistry ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Unsaturated hydrocarbon s are hydrocarbon s that have double or triple covalent bond s between adjacent carbon atom s. Those with at least one double bond are called alkene s and those with at least one triple bond are called alkyne s. Each double bond is represented by a number preceding the name of the base chain, representing on which hydrocarbon in the chain the double or triple bond can be found. Alkenes and alkynes with more than one double or triple bond respectively are named with the appropriate numeric prefix preceding the ene or yne . Examples of unsaturated hydrocarbon include 2,4 pentadiene and 2 butyne, among others. Unsaturated hydrocarbons with both double and triple bonds have the suffix enyne and are handled in a similar manner. The physical properties of unsaturated hydrocarbons are very similar to those of the corresponding saturated compounds. They are slightly soluble in water. Except for aromatic compounds , unsaturated hydrocarbons are highly reactive and undergo addition reaction s to their multiple bonds. Typical reagents added are hydrogen halide s, water , sulfuric acid , elemental halogen s and alcohols . Testing To test whether the hydrocarbon is unsaturated you should add bromine water. If the bromine water becomes decolourised Goes colorless then it is unsaturated. See also saturated hydrocarbon DEFAULTSORT Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Category Hydrocarbons ar es Hidrocarburo insaturado hi lv Nepies tin tie og de ra i ja pl W glowodory nienasycone pt Hidrocarboneto insaturado ru zh ... more details
Fats An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fat molecule is Monounsaturated fat monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. Where double bonds are formed, hydrogen atom s are eliminated. Thus, a saturated fat has no double bonds, has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons, and therefore is saturated with hydrogen atoms. In cellular metabolism , unsaturated fat molecules contain somewhat less energy i.e., fewer calories than an equivalent amount of saturated fat. The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid i.e., the more double bonds in the fatty acid the more vulnerable it is to lipid peroxidation rancidification rancidity . Antioxidant s can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation. Chemistry and nutrition Image Fatchart.svg ... vulnerable to rancidity and are, in general, more solid at room temperature than unsaturated fats. Unsaturated ... fat in the diet, trans unsaturated fats should be avoided. Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated ... Citation needed date April 2010 . Trans unsaturated fats are particularly risky because the double ... 104 pmid 2303916 last2 Hu first2 ML last3 Tappel first3 AL ref Examples of unsaturated fats are palmitoleic ... unsaturated fats include avocado , nut fruit nuts , and vegetable oil s such as canola and olive oil s. Meat products contain both saturated and unsaturated fats. Although unsaturated fats are conventionally ... Administration FDA recommendation stated that the amount of unsaturated fat consumed should not exceed ... farming dairy industries. Most foods contain both unsaturated and saturated fats. Marketers advertise only one or the other, depending on which one makes up the majority. Thus, various unsaturated ... of unsaturated fat. lipids DEFAULTSORT Unsaturated Fat Category Food science Category Carboxylic ... no Umettet fett pt Gordura insaturada simple Unsaturated fat sr Nezasi ena mast fi Tyydyttym t n ... more details
wiktionary Compound may refer to Chemical compound s, combinations of two or more elements Compound enclosure , a cluster of buildings having a shared purpose, usually inside a fence or wall Compound fortification , a version of the above fortified with defensive structures Compound bow , a type of bow for archery Compound linguistics , a word that consists of more than one radical element Compound migrant labour , a hostel for migrant workers such as those historically connected with mines in South Africa Compound music , an attribute of an interval or time signature Compounding , the mixing of drugs in pharmacy Polyhedral compound , a polyhedron composed of multiple polyhedra sharing the same centre of attention Compound may also refer to Compound chocolate , a chocolate substitute Compound fracture , complete fractures of bone where at least one fragment has damaged the skin, soft tissue or surrounding body cavity Compound interest , unpaid interest that is added to the principal so that subsequent interest is calculated on the grossed amount Compound engine , a steam engine in which steam is expanded through a series of two or three cylinders before exhaust. Turbo compound engine , an internal combustion engine where exhaust gases expand through power turbine s Compound sentence linguistics , a type of sentence made up of two or more independent clauses and no subordinate dependent clauses See Also Composite disambiguation disambig de Mischung eo Kompona o fr Composite fr Composition ja lt Junginys nl Composiet ru simple Compound uk ... more details
Compound S may refer to Cortodoxone Zidovudine , by trade name disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
. In response to complaints of illegal paintball games within the compound, the Palm Bay City Council ... Bay http oldpalmbay.com DEFAULTSORT Compound Category Palm Bay, Florida Category Geography of Brevard ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In organic chemistry , a saturated compound is a chemical compound that has of a chain of carbon atom s linked together by single bond s and has hydrogen atoms filling all of the other bonding orbital s of the carbon atoms. Alkane s are an example of saturated compounds. An unsaturatedcompound is a chemical compound that contains carbon carbon double bond s or triple bond s, such as those found in alkene s or alkyne s, respectively. Saturated and unsaturated compounds need not consist only of a carbon atom chain. They can have functional groups, as well. It is in this sense that fatty acid s are classified as saturated fat saturated or unsaturated fat unsaturated . The amount of unsaturation of a fatty acid can be determined by finding its iodine number . In a chain of carbons, such as a fatty acid , a double or triple bond will cause a kink in the chain. These kinks have macro structural implications. Unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at room temperature, rather than solid , due to the kinks in the chain. The kinks prevent the molecule s from packing closely together to form a solid. These fats are called oil s and are present in fish and plant s. In other unsaturated hydrocarbon s, the double bond between two carbons prevents rotation of the atom s about the bond, locking them into specific structural formations. When attached atoms occupy similar positions on each carbon, they are referred to as cis trans isomerism cis , and when they are on opposite sides, they are called cis trans isomerism trans . Most natural hydrocarbons exist in the cis state, but artificially manufactured hydrocarbons are trans. The body lacks the enzyme s to properly break down the trans configuration. This is why trans fats are viewed as dangerous and unhealthy, as they tend to build up. Unsaturated compounds of the two formations are classified as geometric isomer s of one another. See also Saturation chemistry DEFAULTSORT UnsaturatedCompound ... more details
Electrophilic substitution of unsaturated silanes involves attack of an electrophile on an allyl or vinylsilane. An allyl or vinyl group is incorporated at the electrophilic center after loss of the silyl group. ref Fleming, I. Dunogues, J. Smithers, R. Org. React. 1989 , 37 , 57. doi http dx.doi.org 10.1002 0471264180.or037.02 10.1002 0471264180.or037.02 ref Introduction In 1948, it was discovered that allyltrimethylsilane reacts with hydrobromic acid to give 2 bromopropyl trimethylsilane. ref Sommer, L. H. Tyler, L. J. Whitmore, F. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948 , 70 , 2872. ref Six years later, the generation of 2 iodoethyl trimethylsilane from vinylsilane and HI was observed. ref Sommer, L. H. Bailey, D. L. Goldberg, G. M. Buck, C. E. Bye, T. S. Evans, F. J. Whitmore, F. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954 , 76 , 1613. ref Since then, a number of studies have firmly established the mechanism of electrophilic attack on vinyl and allylsilanes ref Jarvie, A. W. P. Holt, A. Thompson, J. J. Chem. Soc. B , 1969 , 852. ref ref Fleming, I. Pearce, A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 , 1980 , 2485. ref The electron releasing strength of the carbon silicon bond is large, and as a result, the position of silicon in the unsaturated silane controls the site of reaction and stereoselectivity. Formation of the new carbon carbon bond is at the position of allyl silanes and the position of vinylsilanes. The robustness of silanes makes them amenable to use in synthesis however, because silicon is less electropositive than other metals employed in electrophilic additions, stronger electrophiles are required. span style float right padding right 50px padding top 30px 1 span center File SiAddGen.png center ... of allylsilanes are possible, although unsaturated aldehydes undergo only 1,2 addition. ref Majetich ..., unsaturated ketone in the presence of a Lewis acid is known as the Sakurai reaction . The enolate ..., ozonolysis provides the corresponding carbonyl compound. span style float right padding right 50px ... more details
Hydrocyanation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds is a special case of the Michael reaction which can lead to cyanoketones, cyano cyanohydrins, or vinyl cyanohydrins. Fine tuning reaction conditions allows access to any of these products. ref Nagata, W. Yoshioka, M. Org. React. 1977 , 25 , 255. doi http dx.doi.org 10.1002 0471264180.or025.03 10.1002 0471264180.or025.03 ref Introduction Hydrocyanation refers to the addition of the elements of hydrogen and cyanide across a multiple bond. When the multiple bond is polarized by an electron withdrawing group, selective addition results. However, when the electron withdrawing group is a carbonyl, the possibility of 1,2 direct addition to the carbonyl group exists. Methodological advances now permit access to both direct and conjugate addition products. span style float right padding right 50px padding top 30px 1 span center File CNgen.png 357px center Diastereoselectivity can be achieved in prochiral , conformationally restricted substrates. Catalytic, enantioselective methods, however, are rare. ref Sammis, G.M. Danjo, H. Jacobsen, E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004 , 126 , 9928. ref Mechanism and Stereochemistry Prevailing Mechanism The distribution of products from conjugative hydrocyanation depends both on substrate structure and reaction conditions. Generally, however, acidic conditions favor 1,2 adducts, while basic conditions favor 1,4 adducts. As a result, under acidic conditions the cyanohydrin s 2 and 4 are favored over the 1,4 ... prior to the introduction of the carbonyl compound, a cyanoaluminate anion forms and acts as the active cyanating agent after activation of the carbonyl compound by a proton . Formation of the dicyano compound is rapid under these conditions, but conversion back to the keto form occurs under basic ... addition depends on a number of factors. The structure of the carbonyl compound is important ... to the carbonyl substrate. Michael addition of cyanated products to the unsaturated carbonyl starting ... more details
Image Cyclopropane.png thumb 150px right Cyclopropane is the smallest alicyclic compound. An alicyclic compound is an organic compound that is both Aliphatic compound aliphatic and cyclic compound cyclic . They contain one or more all carbon rings which may be either saturation chemistry saturated or unsaturated, but do not have aromaticity aromatic character. ref GoldBookRef title Alicyclic compounds file A00216 year 1995 ref Alicyclic compounds may or may not have aliphatic side chains attached. The simplest alicyclic compounds are the monocyclic cycloalkane s cyclopropane , cyclobutane , cyclopentane , cyclohexane , cycloheptane , cyclooctane , cyclononane , cyclodecane , cycloundecane , cyclododecane , and so on. Bicyclic molecule Bicyclic alkanes include bicycloundecane and decalin . Polycyclic compound Polycyclic alkanes include cubane , basketane , and housane . Spiro compound s have two or more rings that are connected through only one carbon atom. An exocyclic group is always shown outside the ring structure, take for instance the exocyclic double bond on the left Image Exocyclic.png 200px Left exocyclic double bond Right regular double bond br style clear both See for an example isotoluene . The placement of double bonds in many alicyclic compounds can be predicted with Bredt s rule . The mode of ring closing in the formation of many alicyclic compounds can be predicted by Baldwin s rules . Cycloalkenes Image Cyclohexene structures.svg thumb right Cyclohexene is an alicyclic compound with a double bond. Monocyclic cycloalkene s are cyclopropene , cyclobutene , cyclopentene , cyclohexene , cycloheptene , cyclooctene , and so on. Bicyclic alkenes include norbornene and norbornadiene . References references Category Organic compounds Category Organic chemistry ar ca Compost alic clic cs Alicyklick slou eniny de Alicyclische Verbindungen et Alits klilised hendid el fa fr Compos alicyclique he ... more details
Compound meter may refer to Meter music Compound meter Compound meter music Compound meter water meter Disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
File Butane 2D flat.png thumb right 220px Acyclic aliphatic compound Butane File Cyclobutane2.svg thumb right 170px Cyclic aliphatic compound Cyclobutane In organic chemistry , aliphatic compounds IPAc en icon l f t k G. aleiphar , fat, oil are Open chain compound acyclic or cyclic compound cyclic , non Aromaticity aromatic carbon compounds. ref GoldBookRef title Aliphatic compounds file A00217 year 1995 ref Thus, aliphatic compounds are opposite to aromatic compounds. Structure In aliphatic compounds, carbon atoms can be joined together in straight chains, branched chains, or non aromatic rings in which case they are called Alicyclic compound alicyclic . Aliphatic compounds can be Saturation chemistry saturated , joined by single bonds alkanes , or unsaturated, with double bonds alkenes or triple bonds alkynes . Besides hydrogen , other elements can be bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen , nitrogen , sulphur , and chlorine . The simplest aliphatic compound is methane Carbon C Hydrogen H sub 4 sub . Aliphatics include alkanes e.g. paraffin hydrocarbon s , alkene s e.g. ethylene and alkyne s e.g. acetylene . Fatty acid s consist of an unbranched aliphatic tail attached to a carboxyl group . Properties Most aliphatic compounds are flammable, allowing the use of hydrocarbons as fuel, such as methane in Bunsen burners and as Liquified Natural Gas LNG , and acetylene in welding. Examples for aliphatic compounds The most important group of aliphatic compounds are n , Iso and Cyclo Alk an es Saturated Hydrocarbons n , Iso and Cyclo Alk en es and Alk yn es Unsaturated Hydrocarbons . Important examples of low molecular aliphatic compounds can be found in the list below sorted by the number of carbon atoms class wikitable Formula Name CAS Number Structural ... , propionic acid propionic , and butyric acid s. See also Aromaticity Aromatic compound References references DEFAULTSORT Aliphatic Compound Category Organic compounds ar ca Hidrocarbur ... more details
found in fungus fungi and plant s Indigofera . Nitropentadecene is a defense compound found in termite ... reaction Nitromethane adds to alpha beta unsaturated carbonyl compounds as a 1,4 addition in the Michael ... 1967 . http orgsynth.org orgsyn pdfs CV5P0552.pdf ref Image Nitrohydrogenation.svg 500px Nitro compound .... References references Commons category Nitro compounds Functional Groups DEFAULTSORT Nitro Compound ... more details
chloride which quickly forms a soluble adduct with the organozinc compound thus removing it from ... organozinc compound is obtained from much cheaper organobromine compound organobromine precursors ... coupling is an important reaction for the formation of new carbon carbon bonds between unsaturated carbon ... Low valent organozinc compounds having a Zn Zn bond are also known. The first such compound Decamethyldizincocene ... more details
thumb 320px Structure of Ioversol, an organoiodine compound used as an X ray contrast agent. Biological ... with I sub 2 sub is employed with unsaturated substrates RHC CH sub 2 sub I sub 2 sub RHIC CIH sub ... iodination reagent is iodine monochloride . See also Organofluorine compound s Organochlorine compound s Organobromine compound s Periodinane s References Reflist ChemicalBondsToCarbon Category ... more details
Compound option or split fee option ref http www.smartprofitsreport.com glossary caputoption.html Glossary of Option Terms Caput Option ref ref http www.amex.com servlet AmexFnDictionary?pageid display&titleid 5606 Split Fee Option ref is option on an option. The exercise payoff of a compound option involves the value of another option. A compound option then has two Expiration options expiration dates and two strike price s. Usually, compounded options are used for currency or fixed income markets where insecurity exists regarding the option s risk protection. Another common business application that compound options are used for to hedge bids for business projects that may or may not be accepted. Variants Compound options provide their owners with the right to buy or sell another option. These options create positions with greater leverage than do traditional options. There are four basic types of compound options ref http www.investopedia.com terms c compoundoption.asp Compound Option ref Call on Call CoC Call on Put CoP or caput option Put on Put PoP Put on Call PoC References Reflist External links http www.global derivatives.com index.php?option com content&task view&id 31&Itemid 31 Compound Options http www.pstat.ucsb.edu faculty fouque PubliFM compound.pdf Evaluation of compound options using perturbation approximation http www.montegodata.co.uk Consult Compound compound.htm COMPOUND OPTION Calculator Derivatives market Category Options ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 File Trisodium phosphate.png right thumb 100px Sodium phosphate , Na sub 3 sub PO sub 4 sub , is a ternary compound. In chemistry , a ternary compound is a compound containing three different elements. An example of this is sodium phosphate , Na sub 3 sub PO sub 4 sub . The sodium ion has a charge of 1 and the phosphate ion has a charge of 3 . Therefore, three sodium ions are needed to balance the charge of one phosphate ion. Another example of a ternary compound is calcium carbonate CaCO sub 3 sub . See also Binary compound DEFAULTSORT Ternary Compound Chemistry stub Category Chemical compounds ja ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A generalized compound is a mixture of chemical compound s of constant composition, despite possible changes in the total amount. The concept is used in the Dynamic Energy Budget theory, where biomass is partitioned into a limited set of generalised compounds, which contain a high percentage of organic compound s. The amount of generalized compound can be quantified in terms of weight, but more conveniently in terms of C mole s.The concept of strong homeostasis has an intimate relationship with that of generalised compound. DEFAULTSORT Generalised Compound Category Metabolism Chemistry stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Swedish protected compound sign.PNG thumb Swedish sign for an officially designated secure compound In military science , a compound is a type of fortification made up of walls or fences surrounding several buildings in the center of a large piece of land. The walls can either serve the purpose of being tall, thick, and impenetrable, in which case they would be made of wood, stone, or some other like substance or dangerous to attempt to scale, in which case they could be made of barbed wire or electrified. Compounds can be designed to double as living spaces and military structures in the middle of hostile territory or as a military area within a country s territory they are also used by the extremely wealthy, powerful, Paranoia paranoid or criminal to protect against threats to themselves or their property. A number of survivalist s own fortified compound like structures as a means of protection for when they perceive that civilization has broken down or that their government has become abusive. The term compound is also used to refer to an unfortified enclosure, especially in Africa and Asia . See compound enclosure . See also Stockade Boma enclosure Compound enclosure gated community DEFAULTSORT Compound Fortification Category Fortification by type it Compound nl Compound leefgemeenschap sv Skyddsobjekt ... more details
A compound turbine is a steam turbine in which there are two casings, a high pressure casing and a low pressure casing, operating in concert to extract work from a single source of steam. The steam is partially expanded in the high pressure casing, then exhausted to the low pressure casing. Tandem compound or cross compound The rotor arrangement can be either tandem compound in which the two axle s are joined end to end, or cross compound in which the two turbines have separate axles. In the cross compound case two separate generator device generators are usually supplied, although a gearbox can reduce this to one. Advantages The principal advantages of compound turbines are the reduction in size of any one casing, the confinement of the highest pressure to the smaller casing which may be made of stronger and more expensive materials and the possibility of divided flow in the low pressure casing for the purpose of equalizing end thrusts. See also Pressure compounding in turbines References Unreferenced date January 2008 Category Steam turbines mech engineering stub ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 Unreferenced date July 2009 A compound device is like an internal USB hub often implemented in software on the device , which allows various sub devices to connect. This arrangement is used by wireless receivers for Alphanumeric keyboard cordless keyboard s and Mouse computing mice where the mouse and keyboard are separate devices connected to the compound device and sometimes for computer printer printer s which have card slots. DEFAULTSORT Compound device Category Universal Serial Bus ... more details
unreferenced date November 2009 Compound when applied to a human habitat refers to a cluster of building s in an enclosure, having a shared or associated purpose, such as the houses of an extended family e.g. the Kennedy Compound for the Kennedy family . The enclosure disambiguation enclosure may be a wall , a fence , a hedge barrier hedge or some other structure, or it may be formed by the buildings themselves, when they are built around an open area or joined together. In the United Kingdom , compound is not generally used in the sense of an unfortified enclosure, and not for homes. There, as in North American English , if used for a place, it is most likely to be taken to mean a fortified Compound fortification military compound . The unfortified enclosure usage was developed by the British Empire in Asia and Africa . Now it has slightly different meanings among English speaking people in those continents In Asia it refers to a collection of business establishments or living quarters, especially those used by Europe ans. In Africa it used to mean a collection of workers houses, but is now used for any cluster of related or linked homes, especially residences for members of the same family or those working for the same employer, or those belonging to a farm, or the cluster of houses known in Africa as a Homestead small African settlement homestead . The term can also be applied to an establishment such as a school or business , as in the school compound or the factory compound . In the English language in Africa English dialects of some African countries , compound may refer to a much larger collection of dwellings, as a synonym for a homogeneous township or suburb comprising homes of similar character usually built as public housing projects, or for a shantytown . An example is Chawama Compound , Lusaka , Zambia. See also Compound fortification Boma enclosure Kraal Osama bin Laden s hideout compound Category Human habitats Category Fences ... more details
For pipe joint compound Pipe dope refimprove date April 2009 Image jointcompound.jpg thumb right 285px A bucket of joint compound File Drywall.jpg thumb right Drywall with joint compound applied. Joint compound also known as drywall compound is a white substance similar to plaster used to seal joints between sheets of drywall , primarily in building construction. It is often referred to simply as mud . Ready mix lightweight joint compound Ready mix lightweight joint compound is a pre made form of joint compound designed for fast application and easy maintenance. The compound is a complex combination of water , limestone , expanded perlite , ethylene vinyl acetate polymer and attapulgite . This delicate mixture of compounds gives it a very creamy texture which allows it to spread onto surface with great ease. Usage Ready mixed joint compound is most commonly used in hanging drywall for new .... When used for new walls, joint compound effectively eliminates all blemishes from the surface of the drywall, such as drilled in screws, hanging tape, or drywall tape. Joint compound can be used ..., tears, and other minor damages. Ready mix joint compound is usually more forgiving than the traditional form of joint compound. It can be used for as long of a period of time as needed, and does not dry up unless left unattended for a long period of time. Traditional mix it yourself joint compound ... referred to as drywall taping mud, joint compound is the primary material used in the drywall industry by a tradesperson , or applicator, called a taper or drywall taper. A similar compound is used ... been pre sealed and coated with joint compound. The flexibility and plastic qualities of joint compound ... and trowelled joint compound on gypsum panels is a standard construction technique for painted wall ..., it is best to apply topping compound for finish layer s that level and sand more evenly. Both ... compound mixes manufactured prior to the 1980s often contained a complex mixture of several substances ... more details
Orphan date January 2012 Compound 48 80 is a polymer produced by the condensation reaction condensation of N methyl p methoxyphenethylamine with formaldehyde . ref http www.sigmaaldrich.com catalog ProductDetail.do?N4 C2313 7CSIGMA&N5 SEARCH CONCAT PNO 7CBRAND KEY&F SPEC Compound48 80 at Sigma Aldrich ref It promotes histamine release. ref cite journal journal Br J Pharmacol year 1970 volume 38 issue 1 pages 253 262 title Mechanisms of histamine release by compound 48 80 author A. M. Rothschild pmid 4189829 pmc 1702640 ref In biochemical research, compound 48 80 is used to promote mast cell degranulation . References reflist Category Polymers biochem stub zh Compound 48 80 ... more details
about compound documents in general the W3C standard Compound Document Format confusing date September 2011 In computing , a compound document is a document type typically produced using word processor word processing software, and is a regular text document intermingled with non text elements such as spreadsheet s, picture s, digital video s, digital audio , and other multimedia features. It can also be used to collect several documents into one. Compound document technology technologies are commonly utilized on top of a software componentry framework, but the idea of software componentry includes several other concepts apart from compound documents, and software components alone do not enable compound documents. Well known technologies for compound documents include ActiveX Document s Bonobo computing Bonobo by Ximian primarily used by GNOME KPart s in KDE Object linking and embedding OLE by Microsoft Open Document Architecture from ITU T not used OpenDoc by Apple Computer now defunct http sourceforge.net projects verdantium Verdantium XML and Extensible Stylesheet Language XSL are encapsulation formats used for compound documents of all kinds Since many documents contain non text elements such as spreadsheet s, picture s, digital video s, digital audio , and other multimedia features is of critical importance to mitigate the risks of undetected and unapproved changes. Software based compound document comparison compares the entire document granularly, including the native format ... coding or highlighting the changes granularly. Compound document comparison can be used on any document ... based compound document comparison is held by Lit ra Technology LLC. ref Massand, Deepak, Assignee Lit ra Technology LLC, McLeansville, NC. 2006. Method of compound document comparison. U.S. Patent 7,818,660, filed January 2006, and issued October 19, 2010. ref While the origins of the compound document ... Transclusion Compound Document Comparison http www.litera.com products change pro.html dead link ... more details