chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 418274850 Name Uracil ImageFile Uracil.svg ImageSize 120px ImageName Structural formula of uracil ImageFileL1 Uracil 3D balls.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageNameL1 Ball and stick model of uracil ImageFileR1 Uracil 3D vdW.png ImageSizeR1 120px ImageNameR1 Space filling model of uracil IUPACName Pyrimidine 2,4 1 H ,3 H dione OtherNames 2 oxy 4 oxy pyrimidine, br ... PA92&dq Uracil boiling point&source bl&ots hn9HyffT W&sig uFAWcfhiBiFfpbctZgEWYQUnRf8&hl en&ei Ei8TSp ... NFPA R FlashPt non flammable Section8 Chembox Related OtherCpds Thymine br Cytosine Uracil IPAc en icon ... A, G, C and U. The others are adenine , cytosine , and guanine . In RNA, uracil U binds to adenine A via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA , the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine . Uracil ... in the Murchison meteorite , suggested that uracil, xanthine and related molecules were formed extraterrestrially ... 2011 08 14 ref Properties In RNA, Uracil base pair base pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. Methylation of uracil produces thymine. ref name madsci1 In DNA, the evolutionary substitution of uracil for thymine may have increased DNA stability and improved the efficiency of DNA replication . Uracil can base pair with any of the nucleobase bases , but readily pairs ... ref Uracil pairs with adenine through hydrogen bonding . Uracil is the hydrogen bond acceptor and can form two hydrogen bonds. In RNA, uracil binds with a ribose sugar to form the ribonucleoside ... Hall, 2002. ref Uracil undergoes amide imidic acid tautomeric shifts because any nuclear instability ... structure is the most common form of uracil. Image Uracil tautomers.png left thumb Uracil tautomers Amide or lactam structure left and imide or lactim structure right br style clear left Uracil .... ref name Garrett1 Degradation of uracil produces the substrates aspartate , carbon dioxide ... 2 sub CH sub 2 sub COO sup sup NH sub 4 sub sup sup CO sub 2 sub Oxidative degradation of uracil produces ... more details
protein Name uracil phosphoribosyltransferase FUR1 homolog S. cerevisiae caption image width HGNCid 28334 Symbol UPRT AltSymbols EntrezGene 139596 OMIM RefSeq NM 145052 UniProt Q96BW1 PDB ECnumber Chromosome X Arm q Band 13.3 LocusSupplementaryData Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme which creates Uridine monophosphate UMP from uracil and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate . This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation . ref name pmid22182754 cite journal author T. Selwood and E. K. Jaffe. title Dynamic dissociating homo oligomers and the control of protein function. journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 519 issue 2 pages 131 43 year 2011 pmid 22182754 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&dopt Citation&list uids 22182754 doi 10.1016 j.abb.2011.11.020 ref References references External links MeshName Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.9 enzyme stub Glycosyltransferases ... more details
Tegafur uracil is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of cancer, primarily bowel cancer . It is also ... uracil Tegafur uracil Uftoral Cancerbackup Bot generated title ref Development and regulation ... 1141.html ref In the UK, tegafur uracil with folinic acid is approved as first line treatment by the National ... Capecitabine and tegafur uracil for metastatic colorectal cancer, http guidance.nice.org.uk TA61 Technical ... Inhibitory Fluoropyrimidine drug. UFT is an oral agent with combines uracil , a competitive inhibitor of DPD, with the 5 FU prodrug tegafur in a 4 1 molar ratio. Mechanism of action Excess uracil ... cells and breaks down into 5 FU , a substance that kills tumor cells. The uracil causes higher amounts of 5 FU to stay inside the cells and kill them. Ftorafur is a type of antimetabolite . The uracil ... S title Adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil tegafur for pathological stage III rectal cancer after mesorectal ... uracil in rectal cancer journal Ann. Oncol. volume 19 issue 8 pages 1371 8 year 2008 month August ... uracil for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma journal World J Gastroenterol volume 14 issue 18 pages ... Y, Ohta M, et al. title A randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil tegafur for adenocarcinoma ... and breast cancer ref cite journal author Watanabe T, Sano M, Takashima S, et al. title Oral uracil ... with Tegafur Uracil UFT in patients with breast cancer focus on the results of clinical studies ... America and South Africa. It is sold under a variety of names including Tegafur uracil, UFT, Ftorafur ... S title Efficacy of postoperative UFT Tegafur Uracil plus PSK therapies in elderly patients ..., toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of a uracil tegafur UFT plus oral leucovorin LV regimen ... uracil administration after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma ... chemotherapy with tegafur uracil in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer journal Cancer ... S, Ikeya T, Yokomori T, et al. title Adjuvant immunochemotherapy with oral Tegafur Uracil plus ... more details
enzyme Name 5 amino 6 5 phosphoribosylamino uracil reductase EC number 1.1.1.193 CAS number 69020 28 6 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 193 GO code 0008703 image width caption In enzymology , a 5 amino 6 5 phosphoribosylamino uracil reductase EC number 1.1.1.193 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 5 amino 6 5 phosphoribitylamino uracil NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math 5 amino 6 5 phosphoribosylamino uracil NADPH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 5 amino 6 5 phosphoribitylamino uracil and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are 5 amino 6 5 phosphoribosylamino uracil , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5 amino 6 5 phosphoribitylamino uracil NADP 1 oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called aminodioxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine reductase . This enzyme participates in riboflavin metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 7 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 2AZN , PDB link 2B3Z , PDB link 2D5N , PDB link 2G6V , PDB link 2HXV , PDB link 2O7P , and PDB link 2OBC . References reflist 1 cite journal author Burrows RB, Brown GM date 1978 title Presence of Escherichia coli of a deaminase and a reductase involved in biosynthesis of riboflavin journal J. Bacteriol. volume 136 pages 657&ndash 67 pmid 30756 issue 2 pmc 218591 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of known structure it 5 amino 6 5 fosforibosilamino uracil reduttasi ja 5 6 5 ... more details
PBB geneid 7374 Uracil DNA glycosylase , also known as UNG or UDG , is a human gene ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene UNG uracil DNA glycosylase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ... and eukaryotes and even in some DNA viruses. The first uracil DNA glycosylase DNA glycosylase ... W, Nyberg B, Sperens B title DNA N glycosidases properties of uracil DNA glycosidase from ... to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text The human gene encodes one of several uracil DNA glycosylases. One important function of uracil DNA glycosylases is to prevent mutagenesis by eliminating uracil from DNA molecules by cleaving the N glycosylic bond and initiating the Base excision repair base excision repair BER pathway. Uracil bases occur from cytosine deamination or misincorporation ... isoforms the mitochondrial UNG1 and the nuclear UNG2. ref name entrez Interactions Uracil DNA ... in the N terminal region of human uracil DNA glycosylase with homology to XPA interacts with the C ... S, Muller Weeks S title The nature of enzymes involved in uracil DNA repair isoform characteristics ... al. title Cell cycle regulation and in vitro hybrid arrest analysis of the major human uracil DNA ... of a human cDNA encoding uracil DNA glycosylase journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume 1088 ... CU, et al. title Molecular cloning of human uracil DNA glycosylase, a highly conserved DNA repair ... localization of the major human uracil DNA glycosylase journal Exp. Cell Res. volume 220 issue 2 pages ... RJ, et al. title Crystal structure of human uracil DNA glycosylase in complex with a protein ... structure and mutational analysis of human uracil DNA glycosylase structural basis for specificity ... for human uracil DNA glycosylase and analysis of the promoter function journal FEBS Lett. volume ... Slupphaug G, Markussen FH, Olsen LC, et al. title Nuclear and mitochondrial forms of human uracil DNA ... S, Rey F, et al. title Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr protein binds to the uracil DNA ... more details
A phosphoribosyltransferase is a type of transferase enzyme. Types include Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase Glycosyltransferases Category Transferases enzyme stub ... more details
enzyme Name uracil 5 carboxylate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.66 CAS number 59299 01 3 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 66 GO code 0050382 image width caption In enzymology , a uracil 5 carboxylate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.66 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction uracil 5 carboxylate math rightleftharpoons math uracil CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , uracil 5 carboxylate , and two product chemistry products , uracil and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is uracil 5 carboxylate carboxy lyase uracil forming . Other names in common use include uracil 5 carboxylic acid decarboxylase , and uracil 5 carboxylate carboxy lyase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Palmatier RD, McCroskey RP, Abbott MT date 1970 title The enzymatic conversion of uracil 5 carboxylic acid to uracil and carbon dioxide journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 6706&ndash 10 pmid 5482775 issue 24 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
UFT may stand for Unified field theory , a theory in physics United Faculty of Theology in Melbourne, Victoria United Federation of Teachers , a New York union Universidade Federal do Tocantins , a Brazilian university Tegafur Uracil , a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of cancer Ultimate Family Tree, a discontinued genealogy program from Ancestry.com disambiguation ... more details
Orphan date December 2009 Saflufenacil is a relatively new herbicide of the uracil and amide class used to control annual broadleaf weeds in soybeans and maize corn . Little is known about it. External links http www.pesticideinfo.org Detail Chemical.jsp?Rec Id PC41751 http www.alanwood.net pesticides saflufenacil.html Agri stub Category Herbicides ... more details
unreferenced date November 2010 protein name dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase caption image width HGNCid 3012 Symbol DPYD AltSymbols EntrezGene 1806 OMIM 274270 RefSeq NM 000110 UniProt PDB ECnumber 1.3.1.2 Chromosome 1 Arm p Band 22 LocusSupplementaryData Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase DPD is an enzyme that is involved in pyrimidine degradation. It is the initial and rate limiting step in pyrimidine catabolism. It catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine . It is also involved in the degradation of the chemotherapeutic drugs 5 fluorouracil and Tegafur uracil . See also Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency External links enzyme stub Nucleotide metabolism de Dihydropyrimidin Dehydrogenase ... more details
UDG may refer to Universities University of Girona , a university located in the city of Girona , Spain . University of Granma , a university located in Bayamo , Cuba . University of Guadalajara , a university located in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco Guadalajara , Mexico University of Donja Gorica , a university located in the city of Podgorica , Montenegro Others UDG band , Czech Republic Czech pop rock band from town st nad Labem . UTMC Development Group , a UK local authority led UTMC management group Unit disk graph from geometric graph theory User defined graphic on early home computer s, a small graphic created by the user and added to the character set . Uracil DNA glycosylase , an enzyme which excises uracil s from DNA disambig ... more details
Context date October 2009 The fifth type of hyper IgM syndrome has been characterized in three patients from France and Japan. The symptoms are similar to hyper IgM syndrome type 2, but the AICDA gene is intact. These three patients instead had mutations in the catalytic domain of uracil DNA glycosylase , an enzyme that removes uracil from DNA. In both type 2 and type 5 hyper IgM syndromes, the patients are profoundly deficient in IgG and IgA because the B cells can t carry out the recombination steps necessary to class switch. OMIM 608106 Immune disorders Category Immune system disorders immunology stub ... more details
Refimprove auto yes date December 2009 Image Cytosine chemical structure.png Cytosine 100px right Cytosine Image Thymine chemical structure.png Thymine 100px right Thymine Image Uracil chemical structure.png Uracil 100px right Uracil Image Adenine chemical strucfture.png Adenine 100px right Adenine Image Guanine chemical structure.png Guanine 100px right Guanine A nitrogenous nitrogen containing base is a nitrogen containing molecule having the chemical properties of a base. It is an organic compound that owes its property as a Base chemistry base to the lone pair of electron s of a nitrogen atom . In biological science s, nitrogenous bases are typically classified as the derivatives of two parent compounds, pyrimidine and purine . ref Nelson and Cox 2008, p. 272. ref They are non polar and due to their aromaticity , planar. Both pyrimidines and purines resemble pyridine and are thus weak bases and relatively unreactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution . ref Carey 2006, p. 1206. ref Their flat shape is particularly important when considering their roles in nucleic acids as nucleobase s building blocks of DNA and RNA adenine , guanine , thymine , cytosine , and uracil . These nitrogenous bases hydrogen bond between opposing DNA strands to form the rungs of the twisted ladder or double helix of DNA or a biological catalyst that is found in the nucleotides. Adenine is always paired with thymine, and guanine is always paired with cytosine. Uracil is only present in RNA replacing thymine and pairing with adenine. Notes Reflist References Nelson, David L. and Michael M. Cox 2008 . Principles of Biochemstry , ed. 5, W.H. Freeman and Company. Carey, Francis A. 2008 . Organic Chemistry , ed. 6, Mc Graw Hill. DEFAULTSORT Nitrogenous Base Category Biochemistry Biochemistry stub ar ca Base nitrogenada es Base nitrogenada eo Nitrogena bazo gl Base nitroxenada lt Nukleobaz pt Base nitrogenada th tr Azotlu baz zh ... more details
enzyme Name uracilylalanine synthase EC number 2.5.1.53 CAS number 113573 73 2 IUBMB EC number 2 5 1 53 GO code 0050471 image width caption In enzymology , an uracilylalanine synthase EC number 2.5.1.53 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction O sub 3 sub acetyl L serine uracil math rightleftharpoons math 3 uracil 1 yl L alanine acetate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are O3 acetyl L serine and uracil , whereas its two product chemistry products are 3 uracil 1 yl L alanine and acetate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is O3 acetyl L serine uracil 1 2 amino 2 carboxyethyl transferase . Other names in common use include O3 acetyl L serine acetate lyase adding uracil , isowillardiine synthase , willardiine synthase , and 3 O acetyl L serine uracil 1 2 amino 2 carboxyethyl transferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ahmmad MAS, Maskall CS and Brown EG date 1984 title Partial purification and properties of willardiine and synthase activity from Pisum sativum journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 23 pages 265&ndash 270 doi 10.1016 S0031 9422 00 80315 5 issue 2 cite journal author Ikegami F, Kaneko M, Lambein F, Kuo, Y H and Murakoshi I date 1987 title Difference between uracilylalanine synthases and cysteine synthases in Pisum sativum journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 26 pages 2699&ndash 2704 doi 10.1016 S0031 9422 00 83575 X issue 10 cite journal author Kuo, Y H and Lambein F date 1978 title Biosynthesis of the uracilylalanines willardiine and isowillardiine in higher plants journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 17 pages 1571&ndash 1576 doi 10.1016 S0031 9422 00 94645 4 issue 9 Category EC 2.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure transferase stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2011 Auxotrophy Ancient Greek language Gr. to increase nourishment is most commonly defined as the inability of an organism to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth as defined by IUPAC . An auxotroph is an organism that displays this characteristic auxotrophic is the corresponding adjective. Auxotrophy is the opposite of prototrophy, which is characterized by the ability to synthesize all the compounds that the parent organism could. The method of replica plating implemented by Esther Lederberg included auxotrophs that were temperature sensitive that is, their ability to synthesize was temperature dependent. Auxotrophs are usually not temperature dependent. They can also depend on other factors, such as light intensity or wavelength. Multiple auxotrophs can also coexist at the same time, within the same organism. ref See correspondence between Esther M. Lederberg and Joseph Gots at http www.estherlederberg.com EImages Archive Gots Gots 20Correspondence.html 1 ref In genetics , a strain biology strain is said to be auxotrophic if it carries a mutation that renders it unable to synthesize an essential compound. For example, a yeast mutant with an inactivated uracil synthesis pathway gene is a uracil auxotroph. E.g., if the yeast Orotidine 5 phosphate decarboxylase gene is inactivated, the resultant strain is a uracil auxotroph. Such a strain is unable to synthesize uracil and will only be able to grow if uracil can be taken up from the environment. This is the opposite of a uracil prototroph, or in this case a wild type strain, which can still grow in the absence of uracil. Auxotrophic genetic markers are often used in molecular genetics they were famously used in George Wells Beadle Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum Tatum s Nobel prize winning work on the one gene one enzyme hypothesis . Researchers have used strains of E. coli auxotrophic for specific amino acids to introduce non natural amino acid analog ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 4 sub H sub 6 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub The molecular formula C sub 4 sub H sub 6 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub molar mass 114.10 g mol may refer to Dihydrouracil , an intermediate in the catabolism of uracil Ethyl diazoacetate Muscimol , the major psychoactive alkaloid present in many mushrooms of the Amanita genus MolFormDisambig fr C4H6N2O2 ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 409092073 IUPAC name 5 bis 2 chloroethyl amino 1H pyrimidine 2,4 dione image uramustine.svg width 200px Clinical data tradename pregnancy category legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound 5 metabolism elimination half life excretion Kidney Renal Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 66 75 1 ATC prefix none ATC suffix ATC supplemental PubChem 6194 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite changed drugbank DrugBank DB00791 UNII Ref fdacite changed FDA UNII W7KQ46GJ8U KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D06265 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 1488 Chemical data C 8 H 11 Cl 2 N 3 O 2 molecular weight 252.097 Gram g Mole unit mol Uramustine International Nonproprietary Name INN or uracil mustard is a chemotherapy medication drug which belongs to the class of alkylating antineoplastic agent alkylating agent s. It is used in lymph atic malignancies such as non Hodgkin s lymphoma . It works by damaging DNA , primarily in cancer cells that preferentially take up the uracil due to their need to make nucleic acids during their rapid cycles of cell division . The DNA damage leads to apoptosis of the affected cells. Bone marrow suppression and nausea are the main side effects. Chemically it is a derivative of nitrogen mustard and uracil . Chemotherapeutic agents Category Alkylating antineoplastic agents Category IARC Group 2B carcinogens Category Nitrogen mustards Category Pyrimidinediones Category Organochlorides antineoplastic drug stub ... more details
enzyme Name dihydrouracil dehydrogenase NAD EC number 1.3.1.1 CAS number 9026 89 5 IUBMB EC number 1 3 1 1 GO code 0004159 image width caption verify date April 2011 In enzymology , a dihydrouracil dehydrogenase NAD EC number 1.3.1.1 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 5,6 dihydrouracil NAD sup sup math rightleftharpoons math uracil NADH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 5,6 dihydrouracil and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are uracil , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH CH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5,6 dihydrouracil NAD oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include dehydrogenase, dihydrouracil , dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase , dihydrothymine dehydrogenase , pyrimidine reductase , thymine reductase , uracil reductase , and dihydrouracil dehydrogenase NAD . This enzyme participates in 3 metabolism metabolic pathways pyrimidine metabolism , beta alanine metabolism , and pantothenate and coa biosynthesis . References reflist 1 cite journal author CAMPBELL LL Jr date 1957 title Reductive degradation of pyrimidines. III. Purification and properties of dihydrouracil dehydrogenase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 227 pages 693&ndash 700 pmid 13462991 issue 2 1.3 enzyme stub Category EC 1.3.1 Category NADH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Diidrouracile deidrogenasi NAD ja NAD ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Image Aminoallyl Uridine.svg right frame The structure of aminoallyluridine Aminoallyl nucleotides are used in post labeling of nucleic acid s to be used in microarray s. These nucleotides are formally known as 5 3 amino allyl nucleotides since the aminoallyl group is usually attached to carbon 5 of the pyrimidine ring of uracil and cytosine . They are usually abbreviated as aa , such as aa dUTP. The amine group in the aminoallyl moiety is aliphatic and thus more reactive compared to the amine groups that are directly attached to the rings aromatic of the bases. Uses The aminoallyl group in aminoallyl modified nucleotides is reactive with dyes such as the cyanine series, AnaSpec HiLyte Fluor , or Alexa Fluor dyes that also been modified to be amine reactive. A problem with this method is that the dyes react with the buffering agent usually used for storage of nucleotides. Instead a carbonate buffer is used. The DNA or RNA from a sample is copied in vitro by T7 polymerase, RT polymerase or some other polymerase except of eukaryotic origin in a mix of nucleotides in which one, typically uracil RNA and also DNA , is a mix aminoallyl NTP and normal UTP. An alternative method is using thiol reactive dyes. DEFAULTSORT Aminoallyl Nucleotide Category Nucleic acids Category Nucleotides molecular cell biology stub ... more details
enzyme Name deoxyuridine phosphorylase EC number 2.4.2.23 CAS number 37277 77 3 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 23 GO code 0047847 image width caption In enzymology , a deoxyuridine phosphorylase EC number 2.4.2.23 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 deoxyuridine phosphate math rightleftharpoons math uracil 2 deoxy alpha D ribose 1 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 2 deoxyuridine and phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are uracil and 2 deoxy alpha D ribose 1 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2 deoxyuridine phosphate 2 deoxy alpha D ribosyltransferase . This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Soukhova O Hare GK, Roberts AM, Gozal D date 2006 title Impaired control of renal sympathetic nerve activity following neonatal intermittent hypoxia in rats journal Neurosci. Lett. volume 399 pages 181&ndash 5 pmid 16495004 doi 10.1016 j.neulet.2006.01.054 issue 3 cite journal author Yamada EW date 1964 title The effect of cortisol administration on the activities of uridine and deoxyuridine phosphorylases of normal and regenerating rat liver journal Can. J. Biochem. volume 42 pages 317&ndash 325 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
PBB geneid 23583 Single strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SMUG1 gene . ref name pmid10074426 cite journal author Haushalter KA, Todd Stukenberg MW, Kirschner MW, Verdine GL title Identification of a new uracil DNA glycosylase family by expression cloning using synthetic inhibitors journal Curr Biol volume 9 issue 4 pages 174 85 year 1999 month Apr pmid 10074426 pmc doi 10.1016 S0960 9822 99 80087 6 ref ref name pmid11526119 cite journal author Boorstein RJ, Cummings A Jr, Marenstein DR, Chan MK, Ma Y, Neubert TA, Brown SM, Teebor GW title Definitive identification of mammalian 5 hydroxymethyluracil DNA N glycosylase activity as SMUG1 journal J Biol Chem volume 276 issue 45 pages 41991 7 year 2001 month Nov pmid 11526119 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.M106953200 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene SMUG1 single strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 23583 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text SMUG1 is a glycosylase that removes uracil from single and double stranded DNA in nuclear chromatin ... M, et al. title hUNG2 is the major repair enzyme for removal of uracil from U A matches, U G mismatches .... 2. Role of SMUG1 uracil DNA glycosylase in repair of 5 formyluracil and other oxidized and deaminated ... of the vertebrate anti mutator uracil DNA glycosylase SMUG1. journal Mol. Cell volume ... the degradation of the UNG and SMUG uracil DNA glycosylases. journal J. Virol. volume 79 issue ... to excise uracil from immunoglobulin genes insight into mutation versus repair. journal EMBO ... author Matsubara M, Tanaka T, Terato H, Ide H title Action mechanism of human SMUG1 uracil DNA ... Uracil DNA glycosylases SMUG1 and UNG2 coordinate the initial steps of base excision repair by distinct ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Deamination is the removal of an amine group from a molecule . Enzyme s which catalysis catalyse this reaction are called deaminases . In the human body , deamination takes place primarily in the liver , however glutamate is also deaminated in the kidneys . Deamination is the process by which amino acids are broken down if there is an excess of protein intake. The amino group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia . The rest of the amino acid is made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen , and is recycled or oxidized for energy. Ammonia is toxic to the human system, and enzymes convert it to urea or uric acid by addition of carbon dioxide molecules which is not considered a deamination process in the urea cycle , which also takes place in the liver. Urea and uric acid can safely diffuse into the blood and then be excreted in urine. Deamination reactions in DNA Cytosine Image DesaminierungCtoU.png 250px right Spontaneous deamination is the hydrolysis reaction of cytosine into uracil , releasing ammonia in the process. This can occur in vitro through the use of bisulfite , which converts cytosine, but not 5 methylcytosine . This property has allowed researchers to DNA sequencing sequence Methylation methylated DNA to distinguish non methylated cytosine shown up as uracil and methylated cytosine unaltered . In DNA , this spontaneous deamination is corrected for by the removal of uracil product of cytosine deamination and not part of DNA by uracil DNA glycosylase , generating an abasic AP site. The resulting abasic site is then recognised by enzymes AP endonucleases that break a phosphodiester bond in the DNA, permitting the repair of the resulting lesion by replacement with another cytosine. A DNA Polymerase may perform this replacement via nick translation , a terminal excision reaction by its 3 5 exonuclease activity, followed by a fill in reaction by its polymerase activity. DNA ligase then forms a phosphodiester bond to s ... more details
A ribonucleotide or ribotide is a nucleotide in which a purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose molecule and exactly one phosphate group. ref cite book title The ACS style guide effective communication of scientific information year 2006 publisher American Chemical Society location Washington, D.C. isbn 9780841239999 edition 3rd editor Coghill, Anne M. Garson, Lorrin R. page 244 ref In living organisms the most common bases for ribonucleotides are adenine A , guanine G , cytosine C , or uracil U . See also Ribonucleosides or ribosides References reflist Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category RNA Category Ribosides Biochem stub bg de Ribonukleotide es Ribonucle tido fr Ribonucl otide it Ribonucleotide nl Ribonucleotide oc Ribonucleotid pl Rybonukleotydy ru sr Ribonukleotid ... more details
Image Pyrimidin.svg thumb right Pyrimidine Pyrimidinediones are a class of chemical compounds characterized by a pyrimidine ring substituted with two carbonyl groups. Examples include naturally occurring metabolite s class wikitable Trivial name IUPAC name Structure Pathway Uracil Pyrimidine 2,4 1 H ,3 H dione Image Uracil.svg Pyrimidine biosynthesis Thymine 5 Methylpyrimidine 2,4 1 H ,3 H dione File Thymine chemical structure.png 150px Pyrimidine biosynthesis 5,6 Diaminopyrimidine 2,4 1 H ,3 H dione Riboflavin biosynthesis and drugs Image Primidone.png thumb right Primidone Fluorouracil Idoxuridine Primidone Trifluridine References http www.biam2.org www Cla20291.html Classe PYRIMIDINEDIONE heterocyclic stub Category Pyrimidinediones fr Pyrimidinedione ja sr Pirimidindion zh ... more details
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