niteu.home.html ref Some Nitrosomonas species possess the enzyme, urease, which catalyzes the conversion ... energy by oxidizing ammonia the other product of urease to nitrite. This feature may explain ... more details
by the Tween 80 when Tween 80 is hydrolysed, the phenol red turns from yellow to pink. 2 Urease ... of mycobacteria to 0.5ml of urease substrate. Mix to emulsify. Incubate at 35C for 3 days. Observe for colour ... more details
italic title Refimprove type bacteria date December 2009 Taxobox color lightgrey name Enterobacter image Enterobacter cloacae 01.png image width image caption Enterobacter cloacae on Tryptic Soy Broth agar. regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Enterobacteriales familia Enterobacteriaceae genus Enterobacter genus authority Hormaeche & Edwards 1960 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Enterobacter aerogenes E. aerogenes br Enterobacter amnigenus E. amnigenus br Pantoea agglomerans E. agglomerans br Enterobacter asburiae E. asburiae br Enterobacter cancerogenous E. cancerogenous br Enterobacter cloacae E. cloacae br Enterobacter cowanii E. cowanii br Enterobacter dissolvens E. dissolvens br Enterobacter gergoviae E. gergoviae br Enterobacter hormaechei E. hormaechei br Enterobacter intermedius E. intermedius br Enterobacter kobei E. kobei br Enterobacter ludwigii E. ludwigii br Enterobacter nimipressuralis E. nimipressuralis br Enterobacter pyrinus E. pyrinus br Enterobacter sakazakii E. sakazakii synonyms Cloaca Castellani & Chalmers, 1919 br Aerobacter Hormaeche & Edwards, 1958 Enterobacter is a genus of common Gram negative , Facultative anaerobic organism facultatively anaerobic , bacillus shape rod shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae . Several strains of the these bacteria are pathogen ic and cause opportunistic infection s in immunocompromised usually hospitalized hosts and in those who are on mechanical ventilation . The urinary tract urinary and respiratory tract are the most common sites of infection . It is also a fecal coliform, along with Escherichia . Two clinically important species from this genus are Enterobacter aerogenes E. aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae E. cloacae . Diagnosis Its laboratory characteristics are lactose positive, indole negative and urease negative. ref name enteric Russo Thomas A, Johnson James R, Chapter 143. Diseases Caused by Gram Negative Enteric Bacilli Chapter . Fauci AS, Braun ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Eikenella regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Beta Proteobacteria ordo Neisseriaceae Neisseriales familia Neisseriaceae genus Eikenella species corrodens Eikenella corrodens is a Growth medium fastidious gram negative facultative anaerobic bacillus. It was first identified by M. Eiken in 1958, who called it Bacteroides corrodens . ref cite journal doi 10.1111 j.1699 0463.1958.tb04677.x author Eiken M year 1958 title Studies on an anaerobic, rod shaped, gram negative microorganism Bacteroides corrodens N. sp. journal Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand volume 43 pages 404&ndash 16 ref Microbiology E. corrodens is a pleomorphic bacillus that sometimes appears coccobacillary and typically creates a depression or pit in the agar on which it is growing. It grows in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but requires an atmosphere enhanced by 3&ndash 10 carbon dioxide . The colonies are small and greyish, they produce a greenish discoloration of the underlying agar and smell faintly of bleach hypochlorite . Only half produce the pitting of the agar that is considered characteristic. They are oxidase positive, catalase negative, urease negative, indole negative and reduce nitrate to nitrite . Medical importance E. corrodens is a commensal of the human mouth and upper respiratory tract. It is an unusual cause of infection and when it is cultured, it is most usually found mixed with other organisms. Infections most commonly occur in patients with cancers of the head and neck, ref cite journal author Sheng WS, Hsueh PR, Hung CC, et al. title Clinical features of patients with invasive Eikenella corrodens infections and microbiological characteristics of the causative isolates journal Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis year 2001 volume 20 pages 231&ndash 36 doi 10.1007 s100960100477 ref but it is also common in human bite infections, especially reverse bite or fight bite , or clenched fist injury clenched fist injuries . ref cite journal unused data 633&nda ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Mycobacterium branderi regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. branderi binomial Mycobacterium branderi binomial authority Koukila K hk l et al. 1995, ATCC 51304 Mycobacterium branderi is a slowly growing, nonchromogenic Mycobacterium first isolated from patients in Finland. Etymology of Brander, referring to Eljas Brander, the former head of the Tuberculosis Laboratory of the National Public Health Institute, Finland, who collected the strains. Description Microscopy Acid fast delicate slender rods that are often slightly curved, 1.2 to 3 um long. Colony characteristics Colonies are nonchromogenic and produce smooth, often umbonate, off white to grayish colonies on Middlebrook 7H11 agar. Physiology Slowly growing, reaching full colony size after 2 to 3 weeks. Growth is equally good at 37C and 45C and is only slightly delayed at 25C. The type strain is negative for Tween 80 hydrolysis, catalase, urease, and nitrate reductase activities and niacin. Strongly positive for arylsulfatase activity in 14 day tests and moderately to weakly positive for nicotinamidase and pyrazinamidase activities. In susceptibility tests the type strain was resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and cycloserine but susceptible to ethambutol, streptomycin, ethionamide, and capreomycin. Differential characteristics Differentiation by 16S rRNA sequencing Distinguishing of M. branderi from M. celatum by pigment production Differentiation of M. branderi from M. xenopi on the basis of good growth of M. branderi at room temperature, the lack of pigment production by M. branderi Differentiation of M. branderi and M. cookii M. cookii is scotochromogenic and does not grow at 37 C. Pathogenesis The first strains of M. branderi were isolated from samples obtained from nine patients, some of whom had cavitary mycobacteriosis of the lungs that was res ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Mycobacterium brisbanense regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. brisbanense binomial Mycobacterium brisbanense binomial authority Schinsky et al. 2004, ATCC 49938 Mycobacterium brisbanense is a member of the Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex. They are rapidly growing ubiquitous environmental organisms that normally inhabit soil, dust and water. These organisms frequently are human pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of clinically significant disease. It is important for practitioners to be aware of these organisms as possible etiological agents, as they are resistant to most first line anti tuberculous agents. Etymology brisbanense, pertaining to Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, the source of the type strain. Description Microscopy The organisms are acid fast, Gram positive, pleomorphic bacilli. Long filamentous forms are often observed, but spores and capsules are absent. Colony characteristics Colonies are mucoid, convex, round, entire edged and do not demonstrate aerial hyphae. Colonies are white to slightly beige and small in diameter approx. 1 mm after incubation on heart infusion agar with 5 v v rabbit blood for 2 days at 35 C. Physiology Growth occurs on L wenstein Jensen medium at 35 C in less than 7 days, but no growth occurs at 42 C. Growth occurs on 5 NaCl and on MacConkey s agar without crystal violet at 28 C. Arylsulfatase activity by 3 days, utilizes acetamide, reduces nitrate, produces urease and exhibits iron uptake. It does not utilize citrate or grow in lysozyme. Semi quantitative catalase activity is weakly positive 45 mm . It does not utilize citrate, grow in lysozyme or produce thermostable catalase. Differential characteristics The nearest phylogenetic neighbour, according to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, is Mycobacterium diernhoferi ATCC 19340T. Pathogenesis Reported infec ... more details
orphan date January 2010 Berthelot s reagent is an alkali ne solution of phenol and hypochlorite , used in analytical chemistry . It is named after its inventor, Marcellin Berthelot . Ammonia reacts with Berthelot s reagent to form a blue product which is used in a colorimetric method for determining ammonia . The reagent can also be used for determining urea . In this case the enzyme urease is used to Catalysis catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. The ammonia is then determined with Berthelot s reagent. Phenol in the Berthelot reagent can be replaced by a variety of phenolic reagents, the most common being sodium salicylate, which is significantly less toxic. ref Sims, G. K., T.R. Ellsworth, and R.L. Mulvaney. 1995. Microscale determination of inorganic nitrogen in water and soil extracts. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 26 303 316. ref This has been used for blood urea nitrogen BUN determinations and commonly is used to determine water and soil total and ammonia N. Replacement of phenol by 2 phenylphenol reduces interferences by a variety of soil and water constituents and improves color stability at slightly lower pH. ref Rhine, E. D., G.K. Sims, R.L. Mulvaney, and E.J. Pratt. 1998. Improving the Berthelot reaction for determining ammonium in soil extracts and water. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62 473 480. ref Berthelot s reagent has been used in a range of situations. It is often used in colorimetric methods, through an auto analyser, spectrophotometer, or multiwell plate spectrophotometer. ref Rhine, E. D., G.K. Sims, R.L. Mulvaney, and E.J. Pratt. 1998. Improving the Berthelot reaction for determining ammonium in soil extracts and water. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62 473 480. ref The reagent lacks sensitivity in situations where there may be amine s as well as ammonia, however this can be overcome in part by the use of 2 pheylphenol to replace phenol. An ion selective electrode , or distillation titration method can often be ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Brucella canis regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Alpha Proteobacteria ordo Rhizobiales familia Brucellaceae genus Brucella species B. canis binomial Brucella canis binomial authority Carmichael & Bruner, 1968 Brucella canis is a gram negative bacteria gram negative proteobacteria proteobacterium in the family Brucellaceae that causes brucellosis in dog s and other canidae canids . Bacteria B. canis are rod shaped or cocci, oxidase , catalase , and urease positive. ref name mantur cite journal author Mantur BG, Amarnath SK, Shinde RS title Review of clinical and laboratory features of human brucellosis journal Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology volume 25 issue 3 pages 188 202 year 2007 month July pmid 17901634 doi 10.4103 0255 0857.34758 url http www.ijmm.org article.asp?issn 0255 0857 year 2007 volume 25 issue 3 spage 188 epage 202 aulast Mantur ref The species was firstly described in USA in 1966 where mass abortions of beagle s were documented. ref name pmid4186949 cite journal author Morisset R, Spink WW title Epidemic canine brucellosis due to a new species, brucella canis journal The Lancet volume 2 issue 7628 pages 1000 1002 year 1969 month November pmid 4186949 doi url ref The disease is characterized by epididymitis and orchitis in male dogs, endometritis , placentitis and abortion s in females, and often presents as infertility in both sexes. Other symptoms such an inflammation in eyes and axial and appendicular skeleton, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly , are less common. ref name brower cite journal author Brower A, Okwumabua O, Massengill C, Muenks Q, Vanderloo P, Duster M, Homb K, Kurth K title Investigation of the spread of Brucella canis via the U.S. interstate dog trade journal International Journal of Infectious Diseases volume 11 issue 5 pages 454 458 year 2007 month September pmid 17331783 doi 10.1016 j.ijid.2006.12.009 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S1201 9712 07 00016 1 ref Humans can be a ... more details
enzyme Name urea carboxylase EC number 6.3.4.6 CAS number 9058 98 4 IUBMB EC number 6 3 4 6 GO code 0004847 image width caption In enzymology , an urea carboxylase EC number 6.3.4.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP urea HCO sub 3 sub math rightleftharpoons math ADP phosphate urea 1 carboxylate The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , urea , and HCO3 , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP , phosphate , and urea 1 carboxylate allophanate . This enzyme belongs to the family of ligase s, specifically those forming generic carbon nitrogen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is urea carbon dioxide ligase ADP forming . Other names in common use include urease ATP hydrolysing , urea carboxylase hydrolysing , ATP urea amidolyase , urea amidolyase , UALase , and UCA . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , biotin . See also Allophanate hydrolase References reflist 1 cite journal author Roon RJ and Levenberg B date 1970 title ATP Urea amidolyase ADP Candida utilis journal Methods Enzymol. volume 17A pages 317&ndash 324 cite journal author Roon RJ, Levenberg B date 1972 title Urea amidolyase. I. Properties of the enzyme from Candida utilis journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 247 pages 4107&ndash 13 pmid 4556303 issue 13 cite journal author Sumrada RA, Cooper TG date 1982 title Urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase are components of a multifunctional protein in yeast journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 257 pages 9119&ndash 27 pmid 6124544 issue 15 cite journal author Kanamori T, Kanou N, Atomi H, Imanaka T date 2004 title Enzymatic characterization of a prokaryotic urea carboxylase journal J. Bacteriol. volume 186 pages 2532&ndash 9 pmid 15090492 doi 10.1128 JB.186.9.2532 2539.2004 issue 9 pmc 387783 ligase stub Category EC 6.3.4 Category Biotin enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown str ... more details
enzyme Name nickel transporting ATPase EC number 3.6.3.24 CAS number IUBMB EC number 3 6 3 24 GO code 0015413 image width caption In enzymology , a nickel transporting ATPase EC number 3.6.3.24 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP H sub 2 sub O Ni sub 2 sub out math rightleftharpoons math ADP phosphate Ni sub 2 sub in The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , water H sub 2 sub O , and Nickel Ni sup 2 sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP , phosphate , and Nickel Ni sup 2 sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to catalyse transmembrane movement of substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase nickel importing . Structural studies As of late 2007, two tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1ZLQ and PDB link 2NOO . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kuan G, Dassa E, Saurin W, Hofnung M, Saier MH Jr year 1995 title Phylogenetic analyses of the ATP binding constituents of bacterial extracytoplasmic receptor dependent ABC type nutrient uptake permeases journal Res. Microbiol. volume 146 pages 271&ndash 8 pmid 7569321 issue 4 doi 10.1016 0923 2508 96 81050 3 cite journal author Hendricks JK, Mobley HL year 1997 title Helicobacter pylori ABC transporter effect of allelic exchange mutagenesis on urease activity journal J. Bacteriol. volume 179 pages 5892&ndash 902 pmid 9294450 issue 18 pmc 179482 cite journal author Saier MH Jr year 1998 title Molecular phylogeny as a basis for the classification of transport proteins from bacteria, archaea and eukarya journal Adv. Microb. Physiol. volume 40 pages 81&ndash 136 pmid 9889977 doi 10.1016 S0065 2911 08 60130 7 cite journal author Griffiths JK and Sansom CE date title The Transporter Factsbook, Academic Press, San Diego, 1998 journal vol ... more details
enzyme Name Creatininase EC number 3.5.2.10 CAS number 9025 13 2 IUBMB EC number 3 5 2 10 GO code 0047789 image 3NO4.png width caption X ray crystallography Biological macromolecular crystallography Crystallographic structure of a creatinine amidohydrolase from Nostoc pruniforme . ref PDB 3NO4 cite journal author Joint Center for Structural Genomics title Crystal structure of a creatinine amidohydrolase Npun F1913 from Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 at 2.00 A resolution year 2010 doi 10.2210 pdb3no4 pdb ref Infobox protein family Symbol Creatininase Name Creatininase image PDB 1v7z EBI.jpg width caption creatininase product complex Pfam PF02633 Pfam clan InterPro IPR003785 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1v7z TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In enzymology , a creatininase EC number 3.5.2.10 is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of creatinine to creatine , which can then be metabolised to urea and sarcosine by creatinase . creatinine H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math creatine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are creatinine and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its product chemistry product is creatine . Creatininase is a member of the urease related amidohydrolase s, ref name PUB00008253 cite journal author Yamamoto K, Oka M, Kikuchi T, Emi S title Cloning of the creatinine amidohydrolase gene from Pseudomonas sp. PS 7 journal Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. volume 59 issue 7 pages 1331 1332 year 1995 pmid 7670196 doi 10.1271 bbb.59.1331 ref the family of hydrolase s, those acting on carbon nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is creatinine amidohydrolase . This enzyme is also called creatinine hydrolase . This enzyme participates in arginine and proline metabolism . Structural studies Creatininase from Pseudomonas putida has a core secondary structure structure consisting of 3 layers, alpha beta alpha. ref name pmid15003455 cite journal author Yoshimoto T, Tan ... more details
Italic title Taxobox color lightgrey domain Bacteria regnum Bacterium Eubacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Bacilli ordo Bacillales familia Staphylococcaceae genus Macrococcus species M. brunensis binomial Macrococcus brunensis binomial authority Mannerov et al. ref name Mannerov 2003 Macrococcus brunensis is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Macrococcus . History This species was described in 2003. ref name Mannerov 2003 cite journal last1 Mannerov first1 S last2 Pant cek first2 R last3 Doskar first3 J last4 Svec first4 P last5 Snauwaert first5 C last6 Vancanneyt first6 M last7 Swings first7 J last8 Sedl cek first8 I title Macrococcus brunensis sp. Nov., Macrococcus hajekii sp. Nov. And Macrococcus lamae sp. Nov., from the skin of llamas journal International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology volume 53 issue Pt 5 pages 1647 54 year 2003 pmid 13130064 doi 10.1099 ijs.0.02683 0 ref Description The cells are coccoid, Gram positive, catalase positive, oxidase positive with a diameter is 0 89 1 21 micrometres. Colonies reach 2 4 millimeters in diameter on P agar after 24 hours. Colonies are circular, smooth and glossy, without pigment. Growth is detected under anaerobic conditions at 15 36 C and in 4 sodium chloride but not at 4 or 42 C. The G C content of the DNA is 41 42 mol . It hydrolyses casein and gelatin but not Tween 80 , starch , lecithin , aesculin or tyrosine . Alkaline and acid phosphatase s are produced, nitrate s are reduced. Acetoin , clumping factor and coagulase are not produced and activities of urease , haemolysis , arginine dihydrolase , arginine arylamidase , ornithine decarboxylase , beta galactosidase , beta glucuronidase , pyrrolidonyl arylamidase , esterase C4 , lipase C14 , Disambiguation needed Naphthol naphthol date June 2011 AS BI phosphohydrolase , valine arylamidase , cystine arylamidase , alpha galactosidase , N acetyl beta glucosaminidase , alpha mannosidase , alpha fucosidase and esterase lipase C8 a ... more details
italic title Refimprove type bacteria date December 2009 Taxobox color lightgrey name Staphylococcus saprophyticus regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Cocci ordo Bacillales familia Staphylococcaceae genus Staphylococcus species S. saprophyticus binomial Staphylococcus saprophyticus binomial authority Fairbrother 1940 br Shaw et al. 1951 Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a coagulase negative species of Staphylococcus bacteria. S. saprophyticus is often implicated in urinary tract infection s. ref name pmid16135568 cite journal author Kuroda M, Yamashita A, Hirakawa H, et al. title Whole genome sequence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus reveals the pathogenesis of uncomplicated urinary tract infection journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 102 issue 37 pages 13272 7 year 2005 month September pmid 16135568 pmc 1201578 doi 10.1073 pnas.0502950102 url ref S. saprophyticus is resistant to the antibiotic novobiocin , a characteristic that is used in laboratory identification to distinguish it from Staphylococcus epidermidis S. epidermidis , which is also coagulase negative but novobiocin sensitive. It is implicated in 10 20 of urinary tract infection s UTI . In females between the ages of ca. 17 27 it is the second most common cause of UTIs. It is referred to as honeymooner s UTI due to its association with intercourse. It may also reside in the urinary tract and bladder of sexually active females. S. saprophyticus is phosphatase negative, urease and lipase positive. Two subspecies for saprophyticus exist S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis and S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus , the latter more commonly found in human UTIs. S. Saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus is distinguished by its being nitrate negative and pyrrolidonyl arylamidase negative while S. Saprophyticus subsp. bovis is nitrate negative and pyrolidonyl arymamidase negative. ref Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis subsp. nov., Isolated from Bovine Nostrils, V. HAJEK, http ijs.sgmjournals. ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 443876177 ImageFile Iodoacetamide.png ImageSize 160px ImageName Skeletal formula ImageFile1 Iodoacetamide 3D vdW.png ImageSize1 180px ImageName1 Space filling model IUPACName Iodoacetamide OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 3596 InChI 1 C2H4INO c3 1 2 4 5 h1H2, H2,4,5 InChIKey PGLTVOMIXTUURA UHFFFAOYAE ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 276727 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C2H4INO c3 1 2 4 5 h1H2, H2,4,5 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey PGLTVOMIXTUURA UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 144 48 9 PubChem 3727 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII ZRH8M27S79 SMILES C C O N I RTECS AC4200000 EINECS 205 630 1 Section2 Chembox Properties C 2 H 4 I 1 N 1 O 1 Appearance Yellow brown crystals Density MeltingPtC 94 BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS http physchem.ox.ac.uk MSDS IO iodoacetamide.html brief MSDS , http www.conncoll.edu offices envhealth MSDS chemistry I iodoaccetamide sigmaultra.pdf extended MSDS NFPA H 3 NFPA F 0 NFPA R 1 2 Iodoacetamide is an alkylating agent used for peptide mapping purposes. Its actions are similar to those of iodoacetate . It is commonly used to bind covalently with the thiol group of cysteine so the protein cannot form disulfide bond s. ref cite journal author Smythe CV title The reactions of Iodoacetate and of Iodoacetamide with various Sulfhydryl groups, with Urease, and with Yeast preparations journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 114 issue 3 pages 601 12 year 1936 url http www.jbc.org content 114 3 601.full.pdf html?sid 60fb7e03 5a4f 42fb bd4e 3f86772cdc9d ref ref cite journal doi 10.1085 jgp.23.3.321 author Anson ML title The reactions of Iodine and Iodoacetamide with native Egg Albumin journal J. Gen. Physiol. volume 23 issue 3 pages 321 31 year 1940 pmid 19873158 pmc 2237930 ref Also used in ubiquitin stu ... more details
Taxobox regnum Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Bacilli ordo Bacillales familia Staphylococcaceae genus Staphylococcus genus authority Friedrich Julius Rosenbach Rosenbach 1884 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Staphylococcus nepalensis Staphylococcus nepalensis is a Gram positive coccoid bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus . History This species was first isolated from the respiratory tract of goats in 2003. ref name Spergser2003 Spergser J, Wieser M, T ubel M, Rossell Mora RA, Rosengarten R, Busse HJ 2003 Staphylococcus nepalensis sp. nov., isolated from goats of the Himalayan region. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53 6 , 2007 2011 ref Description The bacteria are non motile, oxidase negative, catalase positive, Gram positive cocci, 1 1 1 6 micrometres in diameter, that occur singly, in pairs and in irregular clusters. The G C content of the type strain is 33 mol Colonies after 2 days on P agar are circular, low convex, smooth, glossy, opaque white and 2 6 millimeters in diameter. Growth occurs aerobically and anaerobically in the presence of 0 7 5 sodium chloride NaCl . The type strain grows well in the presence of 10 NaCl but growth is variable for other strains. No growth is observed in the presence of 15 NaCl. Growth occurs between 20 and 40 C best growth occurs at 30 C. No growth is observed at 15 or 45 C. Produces urease , alkaline phosphatase , pyrrolidonyl arylamidase , beta galactosidase and beta glucuronidase . Hydrolyses aesculin and Tween 80 . Reduces nitrate to nitrite . It is negative for clumping factor , coagulase , hyaluronidase , arginine dihydrolase , ornithine decarboxylase , acetoin , arginine arylamidase , alpha and beta haemolysins, heat stable and heat labile nuclease s, indole , hydrogen sulphide and lecithinase . It produces acid aerobically from D glucose , D fructose , D mannose , maltose , lactose , trehalose , mannitol , sucrose , L arabinose , N acetylglucosamine , galactose , glycerol , erythritol , D xylose ... more details
Image Urease 1E9Z.jpg Urease thumb 1924 Luck and Seth discover urease in the human stomach, which they believe ... Gastric Urease journal Biochemical Journal volume 37 pages 1227 1231 ref It is now known that one of the virulence factors of H. pylori is the urease enzyme, which splits urea into ammonia 1925 Hoffman ..., Humphrey J. and Colm A. O Morain, Gastric urease in ulcer patients in the 1940s The Irish connection ... to stop urease production in mice with antibiotic s, suggesting a relationship between urease and a bacterial ... IM hp Kornberg and Davies observe that antibiotics reduce urease in cats. ref cite journal last Kornberg first H.L. coauthors R.E. Davies year 1955 title Gastric Urease journal Physiology Review volume ... 1955 1976 that Gastric Urease was Caused by a Bacterial Infectio , in Helicobacter Pioneers , pp ... ref Conway et al. call into question the extent of urease produced by bacteria in mice, as an argument ..., K. McGeeney, and F. Geoghegan year 1959 title The location and origin of gastric urease journal ... more details
dioxide as their carbon source for growth. Some AOB possess the enzyme, urease, which catalyzes ... ammonia the other product of urease to nitrite. This feature may explain enhanced growth of AOB ... more details
environment of the human stomach by producing the enzyme urease . Colonization of the stomach ... pylori tends to correlate with the level of production of urease. Invasion . Some virulent ... more details
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