chembox verifiedrevid 450604403 ImageFile Benzoylecgonine 2D skeletal.png ImageSize ImageFile1 Benzoylecgonine 3D balls.png ImageSize1 IUPACName 3 Benzoyloxy 8 methyl 8 azabicyclo 3.2.1 octane 4 carboxylic acid OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 395095 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 5353I8I6YS InChI 1 C16H19NO4 c1 17 11 7 8 12 17 14 15 18 19 13 9 11 21 16 20 10 5 3 2 4 6 10 h2 6,11 14H,7 9H2,1H3, H,18,19 t11 ,12 ,13 ,14 m0 s1 InChIKey GVGYEFKIHJTNQZ RFQIPJPRBD StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C16H19NO4 c1 17 11 7 8 12 17 14 15 18 19 13 9 11 21 16 20 10 5 3 2 4 6 10 h2 6,11 14H,7 9H2,1H3, H,18,19 t11 ,12 ,13 ,14 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey GVGYEFKIHJTNQZ RFQIPJPRSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 519 09 5 PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank DB01515 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 41001 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C10847 SMILES CN1 C H 2CC C H 1 C H C H C2 OC O c3ccccc3 C O O Section2 Chembox Properties C 16 H 19 N 1 O 4 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Benzoylecgonine is a topical analgesic and the main metabolite of cocaine . History Benzoylecgonine is used as the main pharmaceutical ingredient in the prescription drug Esterom , a topical solution used for the relief of muscle pain. Pharmacokinetics Chemically, benzoylecgonine is ecgonine benzoate . It is the primary metabolite of cocaine. Urinalysis Benzoylecgonine is the compound tested for in most substantive cocaine Drug test Urine drug screen urinalyses . It is the corresponding carboxylic acid resulting of the hydrolysis of the methyl ester of cocaine. It is formed in the liver by the metabolism of cocaine, catalysed by carboxylesterase s, and subsequently excreted in the urine . It can be found in the urine for considerably longer than the cocaine itself which is ... more details
for explanation of the ratio of densities of two materials Relative density File Urine specific gravity.JPG thumb 225px Reading of a urine specific gravity, left column at the junction of the dark and light halves. Specific gravity , in the context of clinical pathology , is a urinalysis parameter commonly used in the evaluation of kidney function and can aid in the diagnosis of various Renal anomalies Diseases and disorders renal diseases . Background for background on kidney function Renal function The role of the kidney s in humans and other mammals is to aid in the Clearance medicine clearance of various water soluble molecules, including toxins , toxicant s, and metabolic waste . The body Excretion excretes some of these waste molecules via urination , and the role of the kidney is to Concentration concentrate the urine, such that waste molecules can be excreted with minimal loss of water and nutrients. The concentration of the excreted molecules determines the urine s specific gravity . In adult humans, normal specific gravity values range from 1.001 to 1.030. Specific gravity and disease Increases in specific gravity hypersthenuria, i.e. increased concentration of solutes in the urine may be associated with dehydration , diarrhea , emesis , excessive sweating , glucosuria , renal artery stenosis , hepatorenal syndrome , decreased blood flow to the kidney as a result of heart failure , and excess of antidiuretic hormone caused by Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone . ref http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003587.htm Explanation of Hepatorenal Syndrome on MedlinePlus ref A specific gravity greater than 1.035 is consistent with frank dehydration. ref Armstrong, L.E., Soto, J.A., Hacker, F.T., Casa, D.J., Kavouras, S.A., Maresh, C.M. 1998 . Urinary indices during dehydration, exercise, and rehydration. Int. J. Sport Nutr. 8 345 355. REF In neonates, normal urine specific gravity is 1.003. A specific gravity of 1.015 is considered hypovolemia ... more details
Infobox University name Sanford Brown Institute Houston image established 1992 type Private staff faculty president James C. Garrett provost students city Houston state Texas country USA campus website http www.sbhouston.com address 10500 Forum Place Drive, Suite 200, Houston, TX 77036 telephone Sanford Brown Institute Houston is a For profit school for profit college. It opened in 2000 when the Bellaire campus, which originally opened in 1992, was relocated to Houston, Texas. Sanford Brown Institute Houston is an additional location of the main campus in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2003 Career Education Corporation CEC purchased Sanford Brown Institute. Programs Sanford Brown Institute Houston awards certificates in Cardiovascular Technology, Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Medical Assistant, Medical Billing and Coding Specialist, Pharmacy Technician, Surgical Technology. The school also offers an Associate in Applied Science Degree in Medical Laboratory Technology. Admissions Sanford Brown Institute Houston requires all applicants complete an application for admission, enrollment agreement and interview with a school official. The school also requires a high school diploma, certificate or other official proof of graduation from an institution providing secondary education. Some programs may have additional requirements. Campus Sanford Brown Institute Houston consists of ten classrooms, one large imaging lab, three computer labs, three wet labs and one surgical operating room. The imaging lab is equipped with ultrasound scanners and the administrative medical assisting lab houses computers and equipment for EKG, urinalysis, hematology, phlebotomy, and sterilization. The resource center is another area of the Houston campus it houses the library and computer lab. Other areas of campus include administrative and faculty offices, student lounges and a reception area. Accreditation Sanford Brown Institute Houston is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent College ... more details
Urinary calcium is calcium in biology calcium in the urine . It is termed calcuria or calciuria as a suffix . Normal amount In a urinalysis , the normal amount of urinary calcium can be measured in amount per time commonly per 24 hours . It can also be measured in amount per mass of creatinine , which avails for estimating the urinary calcium excretion in a spot urine sample, because urinary creatinine clearance is relatively unaffected by differences in free water clearance which occurs, for example, in dehydration and which would distort the interpretation of the urinary calcium in a spot urine sample. Normally, in an average adult, the amount of calcium excreted in the urine is 100 250 mg 15 20 mmol over a 24 hour period. ref name foley&boccuzzi http www.medscape.com viewarticle 732914 medscape.com Urine Calcium Laboratory Measurement and Clinical Utility By Kevin F. Foley, PhD, DABCC Lorenzo Boccuzzi, DO. Posted 12 26 2010 Laboratory Medicine. 2010 41 11 683 686. 2010 American Society for Clinical Pathology. In turn citing Wu HBA. Tietz Guide to Clinical Laboratory Tests. 4th ed. St. Louis, MO Saunders, Elsevier 2006. ref For those on low calcium diet s, there is normally 50 150 mg 24 hours, while those on a calcium free diet will have 5 40 mg 24 hours. ref name foley&boccuzzi The following reference range s are for persons with average calcium intake 600 800 mg day for adults class wikitable Individual Lower limit Upper limit Unit Females 20 ref name mayo http www.mayomedicallaboratories.com test catalog Clinical and Interpretive 89777 Mayo Medical Laboratories Unit Code 89777 Calcium Creatinine, 24 Hour, Urine Retrieved August 2011 ref 275 ref name mayo rowspan 2 mg calcium 24 hours Males 25 ref name mayo 300 ref name mayo Age 0 12 months 2,100 ref name mayo rowspan 6 mg calcium g creatinine Age 13 24 months 450 ref name mayo Age 25 months 5 years 350 ref name mayo Age 6 10 years 300 ref name mayo Age 11 18 years 260 ref name mayo Age ... more details
will order a Urine C & S urinalysis with bacterial fungal cultures and testing for sensitivities ... of the urinalysis with cultures and sensitivities, and a Uroflowmetric study which evaluates ... more details
page 16 ref Diagnosis Diagnosis is usually by way of a urinalysis performed on a urine specimen that is obtained ... . Urinalysis is used to distinguish between them. Tests A physical exam of the genitals ... more details
SignSymptom infobox Name Glycosuria DiseasesDB 5323 ICD10 ICD10 R 81 r 80 ICD9 ICD9 791.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006029 Glycosuria or glucosuria is the excretion of glucose into the urine. Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reclaim all of the filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. Glycosuria is nearly always caused by elevated blood glucose levels, most commonly due to untreated diabetes mellitus . Rarely, glycosuria is due to an intrinsic problem with glucose reabsorption within the kidneys themselves, a condition termed renal glycosuria . ref name Rose cite book author Rose, Burton Rennke, Helmut title Renal pathophysiology the essentials publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Philadelphia year 1994 pages 194 edition 1st ed isbn 0 683 07354 0 ref Glycosuria leads to excessive water loss into the urine with resultant dehydration, a process called osmotic diuresis . Pathophysiology Blood is filtered by millions of nephrons , the functional units that comprise the kidneys. In each nephron, blood flows from the arteriole into the glomerulus , a tuft of leaky capillaries . The Bowman s capsule surrounds each glomerulus, and collects the filtrate that the glomerulus forms. The filtrate contains waste products e.g. urea , electrolytes e.g. sodium , potassium , chloride , amino acids , and glucose. The filtrate passes into the renal tubules of the kidney. In the first part of the renal tubule, the proximal tubule , glucose is reabsorbed from the filtrate, across the tubular epithelium and into the bloodstream. The proximal tubule can only reabsorb a limited amount of glucose. When the blood glucose level exceeds about 160 180 mg dl, the proximal tubule becomes overwhelmed and begins to excrete glucose in the urine. class wikitable align right style text align center Approximate correlation between dipstick designation and plasma concentration of glucose Urinalysis Urine dipstick br ... more details
Use dmy dates date May 2011 File United States Military Entrance Processing Command map.svg thumb right Map of the 65 MEPS locations. The United States Military Entrance Processing Command USMEPCOM is a Major Command of the United States Department of Defense Department of Defense , which screens and processes applicants into the United States Armed Forces. USMEPCOM is headquartered in North Chicago, Illinois and operates 65 Military Entrance Processing Stations MEPS located throughout the United States. USMEPCOM is a joint service command under the direction of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy, who in turn reports to the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness . These stations process applicants for military service, putting them through a battery of tests and examinations to ensure that they meet the standards required to serve in the United States Armed Forces. These tests include vision, hearing, blood, and blood pressure tests, a pregnancy test for women , an examination by a doctor, a height and weight check, urinalysis , a breathalyzer test, a moral background examination, as well as the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery ASVAB . If applicants are deemed qualified for military service, they will also meet with a service counselor, negotiate and sign enlistment contracts, and swear an entrance oath. The command s motto is Freedom s Front Door , signifying that a service member s career starts when they walk through the doors of the MEPS. USMEPCOM has been awarded the Joint Meritorious Unit Award twice. The first award was for the period of 1 July 1982 until 30 April 1985 the second award was for the period of 1 January 2005 until 31 December 2007. The current commander of USMEPCOM is Captain Eric W. Johnson, USN. The commander of the Eastern Sector is Colonel Todd Garlick, USA and the commander of the Western Sector is Captain Theresa A. Lewis, USN. List of processing stations MEPS Image MEPS Montgomery ... more details
MedalTableTop MedalCountry IRI MedalSport Men s freestyle wrestling MedalCompetition Wrestling at the Summer Olympics Olympic Games MedalSilver 1996 Summer Olympics 1996 Atlanta Wrestling at the 1996 Summer Olympics Men s freestyle 100 kg 100 kg MedalCompetition FILA Wrestling World Championships World Championships MedalGold 1998 FILA Wrestling World Championships 1998 Tehran 97 kg MedalBronze 1995 FILA Wrestling World Championships 1995 Atlanta 100 kg MedalBronze 1999 FILA Wrestling World Championships 1999 Ankara 130 kg MedalCompetition Asian Games MedalGold 1998 Asian Games 1998 Bangkok Wrestling at the 1998 Asian Games 97 kg MedalSilver 2002 Asian Games 2002 Busan Wrestling at the 2002 Asian Games 120 kg MedalCompetition Asian Wrestling Championships Asian Championships MedalGold 1993 Asian Wrestling Championships 1993 Ulan Bator 100 kg MedalGold 1996 Asian Wrestling Championships 1996 Xiaoshan 100 kg MedalSilver 1992 Asian Wrestling Championships 1992 Tehran 90 kg MedalBottom Abbas Jadidi lang fa , born January 13, 1972 age 39 in Tehran is an Iran ian Sport wrestling wrestler who competed in the Freestyle Heavyweight 90 100 kg category at the 1996 Summer Olympics , losing controversially to Kurt Angle and winning the silver medal . ref name King cite news first Peter last King title Gripping Finish url http sportsillustrated.cnn.com events 1996 olympics daily aug1 wrest.html publisher SI.com accessdate 2007 07 14 ref Achievements Olympic Silver 1996 Atlanta World Champion 1998 World Bronze 1995, 1999 World Cup Champion 1998 Asian Champion 1993, 1996, 1998 Trivia At the 1993 world championships, Jadidi defeated American Melvin Douglas. However, a post event urinalysis revealed the presence of a banned substance, thus stripping him of his title. Jadidi was once mentioned in a promo by Kurt Angle during his rivalry with Samoa Joe . Angle said he once wrestled an Iranian man during the 1996 Summer Olympics . He talked about doing the honourable thi ... more details
Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring , or ADAM , was a Sample survey survey conducted by the United States Department of Justice U.S. Department of Justice to gauge the prevalence of alcoholism alcohol and drug abuse illegal drug use among prior arrest ees. It was a reformulation of the prior Drug Use Forecasting DUF program, focused on five drugs in particular cocaine , marijuana , methamphetamine , opiate s, and Phencyclidine PCP . Methodolgy Participants were randomly selected from arrest records in major metropolitan area s because no personally identifying information is taken from each record chosen, the resulting data can be correlated to arrest rates, but not to the total population of persons charged. ADAM began as the Drug Use Forecasting program in 1987 , which tested arrestees in 13 later 23 jurisdictions on a quarterly basis. In 1991 , juvenile data was added for the first time, at select sites. In 1996 , Bill Clinton President Clinton requested that the program be expanded, as ADAM , by tripling the size to 75 metropolitan areas and adding an outreach component for non metropolitan offenders, as a scientific control . At most, 42 jurisdictions ever participated in the program at one time. Information was obtained from personal interviews and urine analysis obtained voluntarily and confidentially, usually on the day of arrest and always within 48 hours of arrest. Under DUF, both male and female subjects were selected on a random basis. When ADAM was fully implemented in 2000 , a different methodology was adopted, whereby male subjects were chosen at random and female subjects were chosen where available not all participating sites have sufficient numbers of women arrestees to be statistic ally sound ADAM defined this as 25 women available to be interviewed . In addition, the interview portion of the ADAM program was expanded to cover behaviors and drug use that could not be tested for by urinalysis, such as alcohol abuse. The catchment area human geography ca ... more details
Infobox disease Name Congenital nephrotic syndrome Image Caption DiseasesDB 29412 DiseasesDB mult DiseasesDB2 29909 ICD10 ICD10 N 04 n 00 ICD9 ICD9 581.9 ICDO OMIM 600995 OMIM mult OMIM2 256300 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Congenital nephrotic syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by protein in the urine and swelling of the body. Causes Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a very rare form of nephrotic syndrome . It occurs predominantly in families of Finland Finnish origin and manifests shortly after birth. It is an inherited disorder. The condition is caused by a defect in the protein nephrin , which is found in the kidney . Protein s and fat s are excreted in the urine, and there is an abnormally high fat level in the blood. Swelling occurs due to kidney failure , combined with the loss of blood protein. This is because proteins in the blood normally keep fluids in the blood stream , and when protein level is low, the fluid can leak into the body tissues. Some of the proteins lost in the urine are immune system antibody antibodies that fight infections. The disorder commonly results in infection, malnutrition , and kidney failure . It can often lead to death by 5 years of age. Symptoms Low birth weight Large placenta Swelling total body Decreased urine output Foamy appearance of urine Poor appetite Cough Diagnosis An examination reveals massive fluid retention and generalized Swelling medical swelling . Abnormal sounds are heard when listening to the heart and lungs with a stethoscope . Blood pressure may be high. The patient may have signs of malnutrition . A urinalysis reveals large amounts of protein and the presence of fat in the urine. Total protein in the blood may be low. The disorder can be screened for during pregnancy by finding elevated levels of alpha fetoprotein on a routine sampling of amniotic fluid . Genetic tests should be used to confirm the diagnosis, if the screening test is positive. CNF is one of the Finnish heritage ... more details
Abdominal guarding is the tensing of the abdominal muscles abdominal wall muscles to guard inflamed organs within the abdomen from the pain of pressure upon them. The tensing is detected when the abdominal wall is pressed. ref http www.medterms.com script main art.asp?articlekey 7200 Abdominal guarding definition Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms Bot generated title ref Abdominal guarding is also known as d fense musculaire . Guarding is a characteristic finding in the physical examination for an abruptly painful abdomen an acute abdomen with inflammation of the inner abdominal peritoneal surface due, for example, to appendicitis or diverticulitis . The tensed muscles of the abdominal wall automatically go into spasm to keep the tender underlying tissues from being disturbed. ref http www.medicineonline.com articles a 2 abdominal guarding abdominal rigidity.html Abdominal Guarding Abdominal Rigidity on Medicine Online Medical Articles ref Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Appendicitis Pancreatitis Diverticulitis Abdominal wall strain injury Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pelvic inflammatory disease Ectopic pregnancy Septic miscarriage See Miscarriage Bowel obstruction Ileus Pneumonia Dyspepsia Nephrolithiasis Perforated Peptic ulcer disease Abdominal aortic aneurysm Anxiety Malingering Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis SBP Mesenteric ischemia GERD Ovarian cyst Hepatic or splenic contusion laceration Pneumoperitoneum secondary to abdominal trauma Urinary tract infection pyelonephritis Zoster Skin lesions may not be visible until another day or two Insect toxins e.g. black widow spider Abscess e.g. iliopsoas Incarcerated hernia Abdominal migraine Intussusception medical disorder Intussusception Volvulus Physical Examination Laboratory Findings Complete blood count CBC Blood urea nitrogen BUN creatinine Liver function tests LFTs Glucose Amylase lipase Urine culture Urinalysis Beta human chorionic gonadotropin beta hCG Cervic ... more details
MedAbbrev Q S class wikitable sortable scope col Abbreviation scope col Meaning RA refractory anemia br rheumatoid arthritis br right atrium RAD reflex anal dilatation br right axis deviation br reactive airway disease br radiation absorbed dose Rad hys radical hysterectomy RAE right atrial enlargement RAI radioactive iodine RAIU thyroid reactive iodine uptake RAPD relative afferent pupil lary defect RAS renal artery stenosis RBBB right bundle branch block RBC red blood cell s, red blood count RBE relative biologic equivalent RBLM recurrent benign lymphocytic meningitis RCA right coronary artery RCC renal cell carcinoma RCM restrictive cardiomyopathy br right costal margin RCR rotator cuff repair RCT randomized controlled trial RD retinal detachment RDS respiratory distress syndrome see also infant respiratory distress syndrome RDW Red blood cell red cell distribution width REM rapid eye movement br roentgen equivalent man RF rheumatoid factor br rheumatic fever RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism RFT renal function test r g m rubs gallops murmurs see heart sounds Rh rhesus factor RHD rheumatoid heart disease RhF rheumatoid factor RIA radioimmunoassay RIBA radioimmunoblotting assay RICE RICE medicine rest, ice, compression, and elevation treatment for a soft tissue injury RIF rifampin RIMA reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A RIND reversible ischemic neurologic deficit RL Ringer s lactate that is, lactated Ringer s solution RLE right Human leg lower extremity RLL right lower lobe of lung RLN recurrent laryngeal nerve br regional lymph node RLQ Human abdomen Regions of the abdomen right lower quadrant of abdomen R&M Urinalysis Routine microscopic General analysis of urine RML right middle lobe of lung RNA ribonucleic acid RNP ribonucleoprotein RNV radionuclear ventriculography ROM range of motion br rupture of membranes R O rule out ROA right occipital anterior see childbirth ROM range of motion ROP right occipital posterior see childbirth br retinop ... more details
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