Refimprove date May 2011 Italic title Acorn User magazine was founded by Acorn Computers in 1982, contract published by Addison Wesley, to coincide with the launch of the BBC Micro . It covered the range of Acorn home computers, the BBC Micro and Acorn Atom Atom at first and later the Acorn Electron Electron , Acorn Archimedes Archimedes and Risc PC . The first issue was dated July August 1982. From the April 1984 issue, the magazine came under the control of Redwood Publishing , a company recently founded by Michael Potter a former publisher at Haymarket Publishing , Christopher Ward a former editor of the Daily Express and a non executive director of Acorn and Chris Curry one of the founders of Acorn . ref http www.magforum.com magpubs2.htm UK Magazine publishers Reader s Digest to Reed to Ziff Davis on Magforum.com Bot generated title ref In 1989, the name changed to BBC Acorn User , reflecting the fact that the commercial arm of the BBC, BBC Enterprises, took control of Redwood to expand its publishing activities. The magazine lost the BBC branding when it was sold to Europress, publisher of rival title The Micro User , coinciding with its January 1994 issue. The magazine later incorporated Acorn Computing and Archimedes World magazines. Even when compatible hardware was released by RiscStation, Castle, MicroDigital, and Advantage 6 the magazine continued with the Acorn name whilst covering the extended range of hardware. At the time of its closure in Spring 2005, it was the second oldest still published computer magazine in the UK. In 2004 the magazine was acquired by Finnybank Ltd, which had previously purchased the RISC OS Acorn Publisher magazine the two magazines were replaced by Qercus . References reflist External links http www.acornuser.com Acorn User archive website http www.acornelectron.co.uk mags au top lvl.html Acorn Electron World website featuring archive of cover scans Twitter qercus qercus Category Defunct British computer magazines Category Home ... more details
Infobox Magazine title Commodore User image file cunov1988.jpg image size 225px image caption Commodore User , November 1988 editor Dennis Jarrett Oct 83 Aug 84 br Bohdan Buciak Sep 84 Nov 84 br Eugene Lacey Dec 84 Jan 88 br Mike Pattenden Jan 88 Feb 90 frequency Monthly circulation 72,892 July Dec 1988 category Computer magazine company EMAP firstdate October 1983 country United Kingdom language English language English website issn 0265 721X finaldate February 1990 finalnumber 77 Commodore User , known to the readers as the abbreviated CU , was one of the oldest United Kingdom British Commodore International Commodore magazines. A publishing history spanning over 15 years, mixing content with technical and games features. Incorporating Vic Computing in 1983 by publishers EMAP , the magazine s focus moved to the emerging Commodore 64 , before introducing Amiga coverage in 1986, paving the way for Amiga s dominance and a title change to CU Amiga in 1990. Covering the 16 bit computer , the magazine continued for another eight years until the last issue was published in October 1998 when EMAP opted to close the magazine due to falling sales and a change in focus for EMAP. Timeline Carrying on from where Vic Computing left, Commodore User was launched in September 1983. Initially the magazine contained what was referred to as the serious side of computing, with programming tutorials, machine code features and business software reviews. The first issues were produced and written by a small team, consisting of editor Dennis Jarrett, a writer future editor Bohdan Buciak and editorial ... Amiga, the magazine changed its title CU Commodore User Amiga 64 , with the emphasis on the CU part. The Commodore User part was quickly dropped and the name remained CU Amiga 64 . This period ... Video game Computer Computing External links http www.cu amiga.co.uk CU Amiga Magazine Online http ... video game magazines fr Commodore User ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 User information is information transferred across the functional interface between a source user and a telecommunications system for delivery to a destination user. In telecommunications systems, user information includes user overhead information . DEFAULTSORT User Information Category Telecommunications terms Telecomm term stub ... more details
A Pool User PU is a client computing client in the Reliable Server Pooling RSerPool framework. In order to use the service provided by a pool, a PU has to proceed the following steps Ask a Pool Registrar for server selection the Pool Registrar will return a list of servers, called Pool Element s , Select one Pool Element , establish a connection and use the actual service, Repeat the server selection and connection establishment procedure in case of server failures, Perform an application specific session failover to a new server to resume an interrupted session, Report failed servers to the Pool Registrar . Standards Documents http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf rserpool asap 13 Aggregate Server Access Protocol ASAP http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf rserpool enrp 13 Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol ENRP http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf rserpool common param 10 Aggregate Server Access Protocol ASAP and Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol ENRP Parameters http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf rserpool policies 02 Reliable Server Pooling Policies External links http tdrwww.iem.uni due.de dreibholz rserpool Thomas Dreibholz s Reliable Server Pooling RSerPool Page http www.ietf.org old 2009 html.charters OLD rserpool charter.html IETF RSerPool Working Group Category Internet protocols Category Internet standards ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Wiktionary The destination user in an information transfer transaction is the user who receives information from the source, i.e., from the originating user . See also Federal Standard 1037C DEFAULTSORT Destination User Category Telecommunications Telecomm stub ... more details
Lead user is a technical term term developed by Eric von Hippel in 1986 harvnb Von Hippel 1986 . His definition for lead user is Lead users face need s that will be general in a market place but face them ... to benefit significantly by obtaining a solution to those needs. In other words Lead users are usercomputinguser s of a Product business product or service that currently experience needs still unknown to the public and who also benefit greatly if they obtain a solution to these needs. Lead user method introduction The Lead User Method is a market research tool that may be used by companies and or individuals seeking to develop breakthrough products. Lead User methodology was originally developed ... that collect information from the users at the center of the target market, the Lead User method ... form. The methodology involves four major steps Start of the Lead User process Identification of Needs ... of Lead User Method section of this article for more examples of lead user identification. By learning ... explored the effectiveness of this theory in terms of identifying any user innovations. The effect ... percent of a given lead user cluster had developed their own version of, or had modified a specific ... attractiveness. For example, Urban and Von Hippel 1988 found that lead user theory can be effectively ... user methodology should be integrated into corporate new product development efforts Urban and Von ..., 2000 Dehne, 2003 Intrachooto, 2004 for example, lead user concepts developed and used at 3M showed ... user method While the lead user methodology has proven to be very successful, select literature highlights some product development scenarios in which the Lead User method may be less effective ... are not suited for this lead user process The lengthy nature of the lead user process can ... cycles or where quick turnaround from research to market delivery is required The lead user method ... of most consumer goods. http techiteasy.org 2007 10 14 connecting technology to market the lead user ... more details
A user error is an error made by the human End user computer science user of a complex system, usually ... of human reliability . User Error and related phrases such as PEBKAC Problem Exists Between ... name urbandic cite web url http www.urbandictionary.com define.php?term User 20Error title User ... of computer savvy, asserting that problems arisen when using a device are the fault of the user. Critics ... Reasons for user errors Joel Spolsky points out that users usually do not pay full attention to the computer system while using it. ref User Interface Design for Programmers Chapter 6 cite web url http ... design such as Alan Cooper ref About Face The Essentials of User Interface Design ISBN 1 56884 322 4 ref believe this concept puts blame in the wrong place, the user, instead of blaming the error ... a wrong mental model , even though the user took explicit care to preserve the data. ref cite ... 20an 20error 20message 2C 20please 20stop 22&f false Messages to the User ref Don Norman suggests changing the common technical attitude towards user error ref cite web url http www.amazon.ca product ... Don t think of the user as making errors think of the actions as approximations of what is desired blockquote Acronyms and other names for a user error Don t add unsourced definitions Wiktionary PEBCAK ... expert s to describe a user error as a problem that is attributed to the user s ignorance instead ... cartoons ?id 19980506&mode classic title User Friendly Strip from 6 May 1998 work User Friendly date 6 May 1998 first J. D. last Frazer authorlink J. D. Frazer accessdate 2008 12 24 ref way to describe user errors. A highly popularized example of this is a user mistaking their CD ROM tray for a cupholder, or a user looking for the any key . However, any variety of stupidity or ignorance induced problems can be described as user errors. PEBKAC Phrases used by the tech savvy to mean that a problem is caused entirely by the fault of the user include PEBKAC ref http www.catb.org ... more details
Systems are operated by controls , such as buttons , mice, switches , levers , dials , etc. Types of user controls State dependent controls The outcome depends on a system variable , typically, a system state . Examples Computer keyboard in text editing . The outcome of pressing many of the keys depends on the Caps Lock , Num Lock and Overwrite mode s. Buttons on a TV Remote Control . The outcome of turning on off, resetting and scrolling applies to the selected source, which might not be the one that the user intended. The effect of the steering wheel on the rudder of the Torrey Canyon was depended on the position of the steering control lever for the autopilot . The users need to be aware of the system state during the operation of these controls. Failure to notice an unintentional state change results in undesired results. ref name Weiss http www.ergolight sw.com CHI Company Articles Weiss Harel Managing 20Unexpected 20Events.pdf , Harel & Weiss, Mitigating the Risks of Unexpected Events by Systems Engineering ref Such failures result in negative feedback , which hampers skill acquisition . Occasionally, such failures result in accidents. ref name Task oriented http ergolight sw.com CHI Company Articles Task Oriented SE.pdf , Zonnenshain & Harel Task oriented SE, INCOSE 2009 Conference, Singapore ref State independent controls The outcome is independent of any of the system variables. These controls are those that support direct mapping from intentions to actions. Examples Top row as opposed to the numeric pad numeric keys in text editing Two state switches, such as power on off and light control State independent controls are easy to use, because their effect is consistent ... activity the user does not need to check and verify the system state, or to consider the possible ... are easy to use, because the user is in the loop, focusing on a single parameter, evaluating the effect ... Computing terminology Category Cognition Category Models of computation ... more details
about a popular webcomic titled User Friendly the term used generically Usability other uses User Friendly disambiguation Infobox Webcomic title User Friendly image Image Userfriendly.20030128.gif 500px ... ?id 20030128&mode classic An example of a User Friendly comic strip author J. D. Frazer , a.k.a. Illiad ... Bot generated title ref ended genre technology and geek humor ratings User Friendly is a daily webcomic ... basis. History User Friendly started when J. D. Frazer, working as creative director for a Canadian ... books and merchandising. ref name COMIXtalk ref name autogenerated1 In late 1999, User Friendly ... them design and host a website advertising their product, Caf . Since 2000, User Friendly is published .... ref name autogenerated1 ref http oreilly.com catalog 9781565926738 User Friendly O Reilly ... Media . See User Friendly Bibliography In late 2007, it was part of the exhibit Infinite Canvas ... of User Friendly characters Visible anchor A.J. Garrett A.J., Illiad s alter ego, ref name ufver1.0 cite book last Frazer first J. D. authorlink J. D. Frazer title User Friendly v1.0 date March month ... computing server from a combination of dust , lint material lint and quantum mechanics quantum ... links to comics can be found at List of User Friendly characters . Link of the day LOTD Every ... have been published User Friendly, v1.0 , Plan Nine Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1 929462 39 5 collects earlier strips User Friendly , O Reilly, 1999, ISBN 1 56592 673 0 http ars.userfriendly.org ... ars.userfriendly.org cartoons ?id 20011117&mode classic November 17, 2001 User Friendly Die Deutsche ... contains a cartoon ref http ars.userfriendly.org cartoons ?id 20070717 User Friendly comic of July 17 ..., and credit the source of the punchlines. A thorough search of the archives by User Friendly fans ... date November 2010 . References Reflist 2 External links http www.userfriendly.org static User Friendly Website http www.websnark.com archives 2008 05 state of the we 14.html Essay about User Friendly ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 User assistance is a general term for guided assistance to a user of a software product. The phrase incorporates all forms of help available to a user. Assistance can also automatically perform procedures or step users through the procedure, depending on the question that the user asked. The term is broader than online help , and includes procedural and tutorial information. What it does User assistance provides information to help a person to interact with software. This can include describing the user interface, but also focuses on how to help the user to best apply the software capabilities to their needs. User assistance can be considered a component of the broader category of user experience . Devices User assistance employs a number of devices including help, Wizard software wizards , tutorials , printed manuals and their Portable Document Format PDF equivalents , and user interface text. User assistance professionals also contribute to enterprise knowledge bases and content management systems . Skills required Effective user assistance development requires a variety of communication skills. These include writing, editing, task analysis , and subject matter expert SME interviewing. Since the user assistance profession is directly involved with software development, the discipline often requires an understanding of User interface UI design, usability ... related to this topic, see Instruction manual computer and video games A traditional form of user assistance is a user manual, which is distributed either with the product in paper form or electronically. Typical features of a user manual include installation procedures, a guide to how to use the software ... For information related to this topic, see Helpline See also User interface Internationalization and localization ... User Assistance group http www.writersua.com WritersUA http www.indoition.com index.html indoition software user assistance resources http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library ms997596 Microsoft s User ... more details
, a user story is one or more sentences in the everyday or business language of the End user computer science End user end user or User system user of a system that captures what a user does or needs to do as part of his or her job function. User stories are used with Agile software development methodologies ..., often limited in detail by what can be hand written on a small paper notecard. User stories are written by or for the business user as that user s primary way to influence the functionality of the system being developed. User stories may also be written by developers to express non functional requirements ... Requirements Do User Stories Really Help? url http www.methodsandtools.com archive archive.php ... user stories are captured. User stories are a quick way of handling customer requirements without having ... to maintaining them. The intention of the user story is to be able to respond faster and with less overhead to rapidly changing real world requirements. A user story is an informal statement of the requirement as long as the correspondence of acceptance testing procedures is lacking. Before a user ... by testing or otherwise determine whether the goals of the user story have been fulfilled. Some formalization finally happens when the developer accepts the user story and the acceptance procedure as a work specific order. Creating user stories When the time has come for creating user stories ... is responsible for formulating the user stories. The developer may use a series of questions ... be careful not to dominate the idea creation process. As the customer conceives the user stories, they are written ... has formulated. If the developer and customer find that the user story is lacking in some ..., it is stressed in Extreme Programming Extreme Programming XP that user stories are not to be definite ... is handled by not carving them in stone. User stories generally follow the following template ... , I want goal desire Examples As a user, I want to search for my customers by their first and last ... more details
primarysources date April 2011 Erol User is a well known Turkish businessman who is CEO of one of the largest investment banking companies in Turkey USER Danismanlik. Early life Born on March 23, 1960 User grew up in Istanbul with his family. ref cite web last User first Erol title Erol User s Biography url http www.eroluser.com biography.htm work Erol User Website publisher Erol User Website accessdate April 10, 2011 ref Education User attended public elementary school in Istanbul and was admitted ... University Faculty of Economics in September 1979. User completed a double major in Finance and Management. In 1986, User successfully completed an MBA at Harvard Business School . He then went on to complete the first International Leadership Academy in Japan in 1988. In 2010, User successfully completed MSc in Renewable Energy at Vienna Technical University . ref cite web last User first Erol title ... Vienna Technical University ref Employment and USER Danismanlik After serving World Bank and Turkish Government, User successfully started his own investment banking firm. The business, USER Danismanlik ... . Additionally, in 1996 User was a founding Member of Citibank Credit Cards Turkey. According to User, what matters most to our clients is the outcome. Our goal is to deliver results. The mission of USER ... objectives. USER Danismanlik aims to provide the highest possible level of service and deliver superior products. ref cite web last User first Erol title User Danismanlik Profile url http www.userdis.com profile.htm work User Danismanlik Website publisher User Danismanlik accessdate April 10, 2011 ... with the unique understanding of Turkish economy, industry and culture, helps USER Danismanlik consistently ... equity and buy out investments. ref cite web last User first Erol title User Dis Services url http www.userdis.com services.htm work User Danismanlik Website publisher User Danismanlik accessdate April 10, 2011 ref User is also exceedingly proud of his company s commitment to the UN Global ... more details
Multiple issues orphan December 2011 refimprove December 2011 User Profiles contain information about Windows 7 environment ref http msdn.microsoft.com en us library windows desktop bb776899 28v vs.85 29.aspx Windows User Profiles and Environment Variables ref specific to each user, including desktop settings, in a group, or screen colors. Then there is NTUserdot and that is a file that contains the profile information. There are also three types of user profile s 1 Local User Profile only usable where you create it. 2 Roaming profile Roaming Profile A. Your computer must be a part of the network that you re using. B. Allows a user to use the same profile on any computer that is accessed on the network. 3 Mandatory Profile A. Profile that is accessible to all computers on the network. B. User cannot modify their profile. Profiles are stored in one of the two folders A. Username v.1 Win XP B. Username v.2 Win Vista 7 Server 08 Logon Script a batch file that automatically runs and maps network drivers and printer s. Home folder Home Folders stores all user files on the network. Group Policy security and system settings established for a group of user rights. See also Environment variables References Reflist Category Windows components Category Windows 7 ... more details
User modeling is a subdivision of human computer interaction and describes the process of building up and modifying a user model. The main goal of user modeling is customization and Adaptation computer science adaptation of systems to the user s specific needs. The system needs to say the right thing at the right time in the right way . ref name Fischer Citation last1 Fischer first1 Gerhard title User Modeling in Human Computer Interaction journal User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction 11 pages 65 68 year 2001 ref To do so it needs an internal representation of the user. Another common purpose ... last2 Taatgen first2 Niels chapter User Modeling title Handbook of human factors in Web design pages 424 439 publisher Lawrence Erlbaum Associates year 2005 ref User models can thus serve as a cheaper alternative to user testing . User Model A user model represents a collection of personal data associated with a specific user. Therefore, it is the basis for any adaptive changes to the system s behavior ... with the system. There are different design patterns for user models, though often a mixture ... Wendy title An Evaluation of Adapted Hypermedia Techniques Using Static User Modelling journal Proceedings ... ah98 Hothi Hothi.html ref Static user models Static user models are the most basic kinds of user models. Once the main data is gathered they are normally not changed again, they are static .... Dynamic user models Dynamic user models allow a more up to date representation of users. Changes ... the user models. The models can thus be updated and take the current needs and goals of the users into account. Stereotype based user models Stereotype based user models are based on Demographics ... therefore can make assumptions about a user even though there might be no data about that specific .... Thus, stereotype based user models mainly rely on statistics and do not take into account that personal attributes might not match the stereotype. However, they allow predictions about a user ... more details
The user illusion is the illusion created for the user by a human computer interface , for example the desktop metaphor visual metaphor of a desktop used in many graphical user interfaces . The phrase originated at Xerox PARC ref cite book author Bruce Tognazzini authorlink Bruce Tognazzini title Tog on Software Design isbn 0 201 48917 1 date 1996 publisher Addison Wesley Professional url http books.google.com books?id UKBQAAAAMAAJ ref . Some Philosophy of mind philosophers of mind have argued that consciousness is a form of user illusion. This notion is explored by Tor N rretranders in his 1991 Danish book M rk verden , issued in a 1998 English edition as The User Illusion Cutting Consciousness Down to Size . ref cite book author Tor N rretranders authorlink Tor N rretranders title The User Illusion Cutting Consciousness Down to Size isbn 0 670 87579 1 date 1998 publisher Viking url http books.google.com books?id TwMwAAAAMAAJ ref He introduced the notion of exformation in this book. According to this picture, our experience of the world is not immediate, as all sensation requires processing time. It follows that our conscious experience is less a perfect reflection of what is occurring, and more a simulation produced unconsciously by the brain. Therefore, there may exist phenomenon that exists beyond our peripheries, beyond what consciousness could create to isolate or reduce them. See also Bicameralism psychology References reflist Category User interfaces Category Consciousness studies Category Artificial intelligence philosophy stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 User expectations refers to the consistency that users expect from products. Interaction design is very concerned with this topic. For example, our user expectations for traffic behavior is one of the more consistent ones because it is governed by traffic law s that are enforced. Software , or even worse small consumer electronics , on the other hand, can have widely varying degrees of consistency. A good rule of thumb or design principle to use in interaction design is to follow the Principle of least astonishment . In the case of interactive software application s, for example, users form expectations based on their experience with similar kinds of software. Effective software design aims to conform with prevailing norms for aspects of behavior such as the software s user interface and its response time responsiveness . A commonly noted sign of poor usability and human factors due to the violation of user expectations is when information sign signs are needed for common things like doors. This was made famous by Donald A. Norman in his seminal book The Psychology of Everyday Things . There is also a website devoted to such Bad Designs http baddesigns.com . See also User experience design External links http www.adaptivepath.com publications essays archives 000272.php User Expectations in a World of Smart Devices, by Mike Kuniavsky http webword.com moving expectations.html Managing User Expectations, by John Rhodes http www.scottberkun.com essays 5 how to avoid foolish consistency How to Avoid Foolish Consistency , by Scott Berkun Category Design ... more details
Unreferenced January 2010 date September 2010 User pays , or beneficiary pays , is a pricing approach based on the idea that the most efficient allocation of resources occurs when consumer s pay the full cost of the goods that they consume. In public finance it stands with another principle of Progressive tax ability to pay , which states that those who have the means should share more of the burden of public services . The ability to pay principle is one the reasons for the general acceptance of the progressive income tax system. The principle of user pay supports the idea of horizontal equity , which states that those in similar wealth and income positions should be treated equally by the tax system. The basic idea is that those who do not use a service should not be obligated to pay for it. As long as the beneficiary aligns exactly with the user, the user pay principle works. Those who do not go to a movie are not obligated to pay for someone else to attend. In public goods, beneficiaries and users often do not align. The divergence of user and beneficiary occurs when Production economics production and Consumption economics consumption have external effects. The driver, who purchases gasoline , may believe he or she is paying for the full cost user pay of using gasoline, except that greenhouse gases are produced. These impose costs on the Environment biophysical environment and are believed to contribute to climate change . The beneficiaries must bear costs not paid in the purchase of gasoline. In this case the user pay principle results in the driver not paying the full or social cost of using fossil fuels , which creates a strong argument for regulation and other forms of public intervention. Increasing taxes on gasoline is one possible response that preserves the user pay principle by increasing the costs to user. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT User Pays Category Pricing Category Economics terminology nl Profijtbeginsel ... more details
Incomplete date October 2007 Infobox Magazine title Sinclair User image file sinclair user cover.jpg image size 200px image caption Cover of Sinclair User from 1987 editor editor title previous editor Apr 1982 John Sterlicchi br May 82 Jan 84 Nigel Clark br Feb 84 May 86 Bill Scolding br Jun 86 Apr 88 David Kelly br Mar 88 May 89 Graham Taylor br Jun 89 Nov 90 Jim Douglas br Dec 90 Apr 92 Garth Sumpter br May 92 May 93 Alan Dykes staff writer frequency Monthly circulation category Computer magazines company ECC Publications Ltd April 1982 August 1984 br EMAP September 84 May 1993 publisher firstdate April 1982 country United Kingdom based language English language English website issn 0262 5458 ... title April 1993, Issue 134 publisher Sinclair User Magazine Online work ysincuser.f9.co.uk accessdate 2006 11 15 ref Sinclair User , often abbreviated SU , was a magazine dedicated to the Sinclair ... User but in practice this meant little more than the addition of the Crash logo to the magazine ... to something aimed more at children. Timex Sinclair User Image Timex Sinclair User FAIR USE ONLY.jpg thumb 220px left Timex Sinclair User was a spin off published for the US market. A short lived ref http www.worldofspectrum.org timex tsuser.htm ref spin off known as Timex Sinclair User was also ... www.worldofspectrum.org timex tsuser.htm ref See also Image Sinclair User Early Example FAIR USE ONLY.jpg ... more than one example of Sinclair User cover is justified here Your Sinclair CRASH magazine CRASH External links http www.sincuser.f9.co.uk SUMO Sinclair User Magazine Online , an unofficial online archive of the Sinclair User ftp ftp.worldofspectrum.org pub sinclair magazines SinclairUser SinclairUserViewer.html Sinclair User WOS Images of scanned pages of Sinclair User at World of Spectrum http ... User review. References references Category British video game magazines Category Home computer ... magazines fr Sinclair User hu Sinclair User ru Sinclair User NOTOC ... more details
A user charge is a charge for the use of a product or service. A user charge may apply per use of the good or service or for the use of the good or service. The first is a charge for each time while the second is a charge for bulk or time limited use. Application Government USA The United States government may apply a user charge against identifiable recipients who enjoy special benefits derived from federal activities beyond those received by the general public. ref name White House circular http www.whitehouse.gov omb circulars a025 a025.html White House circular ref User charges should be sufficient to recover the full cost to the federal government of providing the service, resource or good provided by the government. ref name White House circular Whenever possible such user charges should be set at rates rather than fixed dollar amounts in order to adjust for changes in costs to the government or changes in market prices for provided goods, resources, or services. ref name White House circular EU Charge paid for a specific environmental service such as treating wastewater or disposing of waste provided to the user. ref http glossary.eea.europa.eu EEAGlossary U user charge European Environment Agency ref See also London congestion charge Toll road References References External links http www.whitehouse.gov omb White House Office of Management and Budget http www.deq.louisiana.gov portal Portals 0 financial srf guide ucs.pdf User Charge System for State Revolving Fund System Category Taxation Category Basic financial concepts uk ... more details
unreferenced date December 2010 Image Smoking Crack.jpg thumb upright 1 A woman smoking Crack cocaine crack from a glass Pipe smoking pipe . A drug user is a person who drug use uses drugs either legal ly or illegally. The term user is typically employed more to refer to illegal drug trade illegal drug use by a person who is often part of a drug subculture subculture of recreational drug use . fact date February 2012 Drug users are often referred to as heads , depending on the drug used, i.e., pothead, hophead, crackhead, etc. fact date February 2012 A drug user may or may not also be a drug abuse r, and may or may not have one or more drug addiction s. See also Recreational drug use drug rehabilitation self medication substance abuse substance dependence wiktionary user commons category recreational drug use Category Drug culture Category Illegal drug trade es consumidor drogas ... more details
Computer User is a computer magazine originally founded in 1982, and which, after several owners and fundamental changes, is still in business today Online magazine online as computeruser.com. This is not to be confused with a magazine briefly published under the name of Computer User by Tandy Corporation Tandy for users of its Tandy computer. ref cite web url http www.vintage computer.com computeruser.shtml title Computer User Magazine publisher Vintage computer.com date 2007 07 08 accessdate 2010 10 08 ref History In the beginning years of publicly popular computer use, Computer User was originally founded in Minneapolis , Minnesota as a free monthly magazine published by Computer User, Inc. a Minnesota corporation . Steven Bianucci, Publisher. Harvard, 1981. Dale Archibald, Editor. Diane ... . Computer User took advantage of a tradition in the Twin Cities metropolitan area of placing free ... be subscribed for mail distribution for 34.95 per year. Computer User won numerous awards such as this from ... Industry Trend or Event Brief Article Computer User & 124 HighBeam Research FREE trial publisher ... date accessdate 2010 10 08 ref Computer User became Franchising franchised to 18 metropolitan ... Computer User provided content and the local publisher provided advertising and some local content ... User Publications, Inc. Computer User was sold to M. S. P. Publications a highly successful Minneapolis based magazine publisher. MSP published Computer User until 2004, when paper publication ... Us publisher Computeruser.com date accessdate 2010 10 08 ref Content Computer User s style was, from the beginning, focused on the user of the then new micro computers. Nearly all other publications ... homebrew video games homebrew , assembled in part or in whole by the user. Computer User Article ... also published an equally popular index of Computer User Groups and their meeting schedules ... http www.computeruser.com articles current issue Current Issue DEFAULTSORT Computer User Category ... more details
cleanup date February 2010 primarysources date February 2010 Infobox magazine title Australian PC User image file http www.eset.my images awards pcuser.gif image size image alt image caption editor Tony Sarno editor title Editor in Chief previous editor Glenn Rees, John Hilvert, Geoffrey Ebbs staff writer frequency Monthly circulation 31,062 category company publisher Australian Consolidated Press firstdate country Australia based Sydney, Australia language English language English website http www.pcuser.com.au link issn PC User is an Australia n general computer magazine , published monthly by Australian Consolidated Press . The magazine s regular content consists of computer hardware and software reviews and previews, technology news and opinion articles, technical how to guides, and a help station feature where the magazine s contributors provide answers to technical queries from readers. In 2009 a NetGuide section was added after the cessation of publication of Australian NetGuide . Each issue includes a companion DVD of free full version software, trial software, game demos and video tutorials, many of which complement articles in the magazine. The magazine also includes software created by contributing writers, including two customized versions of Linux UserOS Ultra , based .... Past & present PC User was first published in 1990 and is Australia s best selling computer magazine, with a monthly circulation of 31,062 as at July December 2011. ref http mumbrella.com.au pc user ... of the Australian Consolidated Press tech magazines including PC User sibling APC Magazine APC . The current editor in chief of PC User is Tony Sarno, who is also editor in chief of APC. ref http mumbrella.com.au pc user editor glenn rees departs 74995 Mumbrella . ref Future In June 2012 PC User ... between the more mainstream PC User and APC, which is aimed at professionals and power users. TechLife will be available in print and tablet editions. ref http mumbrella.com.au acps pc user is reborn ... more details
According to IFABC Global Web Standards, a unique user UU is An IP address plus a further identifier. The term unique visitor may be used instead of unique user but both terms have essentially the same meaning see below . Sites may use User agent User Agent , http cookie Cookie and or Registration ID. Note that where users are not allocated IP addresses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol dynamically for example by dial up Internet service provider s , this definition may overstate or understate the real number of individual users concerned. ref http www.grb.uk.com 263.0.html Jargon buster Graduate Recruitment Bureau Bot generated title ref Unique users is a common measurement of the popularity of a website , often quoted to potential advertisers or investors, and measured over a standard period of time, typically a month. However, Greg Harmon of Belden Research says may overstate is a gross understatement. Remember, it s just an identifier of a computer, not a person. And usually, the computer is identified by a cookie which is most often specific to an individual browser on that computer. Since an increasing percentage of people in the United States at least now have access to a computer at home and at work or school, one may have to divide the reported total of unique users in half ... of content to a number of distinct consumers. A common mistake in using Unique User numbers is not adding Unique User numbers across the same different dimensions. A Unique User metric is only ... the number of weekly Unique Users only that the Unique User count for the week is between 100 ... must be used at every step. Limitations of Unique User Numbers Unique User counts for websites are typically ... meaning as unique user and is simply an alternative title for the statistic. When cookies are used to track Unique Users, then br 1 Cookie Flushing will cause Unique User numbers to be inflated. br 2 Browsers set to not accept cookies will be ignored or an IP address and or User Agent String may ... more details
no footnotes date October 2010 User innovation refers to innovation by intermediate users e.g. user firm s or consumer users individual end user s or user communities , rather than by supplier s producers .... Often, user innovators will share their ideas with manufacturers in hopes of having them produce ... are fundamentally social. User innovation, therefore, is also socially and socio technically distributed ... Press, 2002. ref key uses are often unintended uses invented by user communities that reinterpret and reinvent the meaning of emerging technological opportunities. The existence of user innovation ... user method that can be used to systematically learn about user innovation in order to apply it in new product development . User innovation has a number of degrees innovation of use, innovation ... themselves. While most user innovation is concentrated in use and configuration of existing ... easier for user innovation to occur and have an impact. Recent research has focused on Web based forums that facilitate user or customer innovation referred to as virtual customer environment , these forums ... of T shirt sales. These incentives allow Threadless to encourage continual user contribution ... Review , October 2008. ref Footnotes references Sources Bilgram, V. Brem, A. Voigt, K. I. User Centric Innovations in New Product Development Systematic Identification of Lead User Harnessing Interactive ... R.G. 2007 Barriers to user innovation & the paradigm of licensing to innovate, Doctoral dissertation ... technologies Participatory design Professional amateurs Toolkits for User Innovation Domestication ... yourmoney 25Proto.html? r 1&ref yourmoney&oref slogin New York Times on User Innovation 2007 http dynamist.com articles speeches nyt innovation.html New York Times on User Innovation 2005 http web.mit.edu evhippel www books.htm Eric Von Hippel s books on user innovation , available under the creative ... about user contribution systems in the business world. It is based on the http www.hbsp.harvard.edu ... more details
Electron User was a magazine targeted at owners of the Acorn Electron microcomputer. It was published by Database Publications of Stockport , starting in October 1983 and ending after 82 issues in July 1990. Initially it was included as a 16 page pullout supplement to The Micro User but after four such editions it became a standalone title and within a year had grown to an average length of around 64 pages. The focus was news stories, type in program s and software reviews. It also contained cheat code s and a long running column on adventure game s initially by Merlin in a column entitled Merlin s Cave and subsequently by Pendragon . Its advertisers included the top BBC Electron games distributors of the day, such as Acornsoft and Superior Software . Often the April dated edition of the magazine included an April Fools Day joke, generally consisting of a short machine code type in listing which claimed to do something extremely useful and of wide interest but which in fact printed APRIL FOOL on the screen. Examples included a program to predict what text the user would type next a program to compile BASIC programs directly into machine code leveraging the machine s BASIC interpreter a program to display colours on a monochrome screen by rapidly modulating the pixels citing a recent Tomorrow s World External links http www.acornelectron.co.uk Acorn Electron World website including complete archive of page by page scans of all issues of Electron User http mags.acornpreservation.org Electron User index.php Acornmags Electron User section italic title Category Home computer magazines Category Defunct British computer magazines Category Acorn Computers Category Publications established in 1983 Category Publications disestablished in 1990 Europe compu mag stub UK sci mag stub ... more details
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