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Encyclopedia results for Uses and gratifications

Uses and gratifications





Encyclopedia results for Uses and gratifications

  1. Uses and gratifications theory

    Uses and Gratifications Theory is an approach to understanding why people actively seek out specific ... . ref What Can Uses and Gratifications Theory Tell Us About Social Media? Education Ithink. 29 July 2010. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. http matei.org ithink 2010 07 29 what can uses and gratifications theory ..., and Michael Gurevitch. Uses and Gratifications Research. The Public Opinion Quarterly 4th ser. 37 ... The Uses and Gratifications Theory was developed from a number of prior communication theories and research ... of uses and gratifications with her work classifying the reasons why people chose specific types ... 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false West, Richard L., and Lynn H. Turner. Uses and Gratifications .... 392 409. Print. ref In 1970 Abraham Maslow suggested that Uses and Gratifications Theory was an extension ... West, Richard L., and Lynn H. Turner. Uses and Gratifications Theory. Introducing Communication ... WestTurner392409 West, Richard L., and Lynn H. Turner. Uses and Gratifications Theory. Introducing Communication ... the Uses and Gratifications Theory. ref name WestTurner392409 In 1972 Denis McQuail , Jay ... surrounding Uses and Gratifications Theory is the link between the reason why media is used and the achieved gratification. ref name WestTurner392409 Uses and Gratifications Model According to Katz, Blumler and Gurevitch s research there were 5 components comprising the Uses and Gratifications Model ... Gurevitch. Uses and Gratifications Research. The Public Opinion Quarterly 4th ser. 37 1973 1974 ..., Elihu, Jay G. Blumler, and Michael Gurevitch. Uses and Gratifications Research. The Public Opinion ... Gurevitch. Uses and Gratifications Research. The Public Opinion Quarterly 4th ser. 37 1973 1974 .... ref Katz, Elihu, Jay G. Blumler, and Michael Gurevitch. Uses and Gratifications Research ..., and Michael Gurevitch. Uses and Gratifications Research. The Public Opinion Quarterly 4th ser ... and individuals ref Katz, Elihu, Jay G. Blumler, and Michael Gurevitch. Uses and Gratifications ...   more details



  1. The Uses of Literacy

    The Uses of Literacy has been described as a key book in the history of English and Media studies Media Studies and in the founding of Cultural studies Cultural Studies . ref http www.nate.org.uk index.php?page 3&rev 164 National Association for the Teaching of English ref ref http books.google.co.uk books?id jpzEACvzDFoC&pg PA3&lpg PA3&dq Uses of Literacy media studies&source bl&ots AMsIUucoMu&sig 9Q51oET0A1Hz8jZoawFXAb8r Culture, media, language working papers in cultural studies, 1972 79 By Stuart Hall ref Massification of Culture The Uses of Literacy , written by Richard Hoggart in 1957 , was an attempt to understand the changes in British culture culture in Britain caused by massification . It has been described as marking a watershed in public perception of culture and class and shifted academic parameters . ref http www.palgrave.com products title.aspx?PID 280224 Richard Hoggart and Cultural Studies 2008 Edited by Sue Owen Palgrave Macmillan ref Hoggart s argument is that the mass publicists were made more insistently, effectively and in a more comprehensive and centralised form today than they were earlier and that we are moving towards the creation of a mass culture, that the remnants of what was at least in part an urban culture of the people are being destroyed . ref name librarything.com http www.librarything.com work 15276 ref The drift In his study he looks at pulp magazine pulp fiction , popular magazines and newspapers and the movies and finds in all of these, drift . He documents the break up of the old, class culture, lamenting the loss of the close knit communities and their replacement by the emerging manufactured mass culture. Key features of this are the tabloid ... of the mass media. ref name librarything.com Sources The Uses of Literacy Aspects of Working Class Life Chatto and Windus, 1957 ISBN 0 7011 0763 4 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Uses Of Literacy Category Sociology books Category 1957 books ca The Uses of Literacy ...   more details



  1. Statute of Uses

    Good article Infobox UK legislation short title The Statute of Uses ref The citation of this Act by this short ... his financial problems. The Statute of Uses 27 Hen 8 c 10 was an Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom Act of the Parliament of England that restricted the application of use law uses in English property ... problems by simplifying the law of uses, which moved land outside the royal tax revenue, traditionally gathered through seisin . His initial efforts, which removed uses almost completely, were ... law on uses . Academics disagree on how the Commons were brought around, but an eventual ... in 1536. The eventual bills invalidated all uses that did not impose an active duty on trustees ... the development of English land law was revolutionary , ref name iv some say that by allowing uses ... Use law uses were applied, which allowed a landowner to give his land to one or more feoffee ... to the possibility of abuse Edward Coke wrote that there were two Inventors of Uses, Fear and Fraud ... it to further his aims. This was well aimed, since it was uses that were destroying his income the royal revenue was traditionally gathered through seisin , which uses completely ignored. ref Holdsworth ... as by uses and forgyng of false evidence , was a radical and drastic act bill that would have removed uses completely unless registered at the Court of King s Bench England Court of King s Bench or Court ... to one of the two opposition groups, and picked the lawyers. Many lawyers admitted that the uses ... bills were presented to Parliament of England Parliament concerning uses and wills, along with one concerning Enrolments. ref Holdsworth 1912 p.114 ref It is from these bills that the Statute of Uses and the succeeding Statute of Enrolments came. ref Holdsworth 1912 p.115 ref The three bills on uses ... in which uses could arise, with uses having no legal effect apart from that expressed when they were ... have prevented most of the evils of uses, it would also have submitted property law to the common law ...   more details



  1. The Uses of Enchantment

    Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Uses of Enchantment author Bruno Bettelheim country United States language English language English publisher pub date 1976 pages 352 isbn 978 0140137279 dewey 398.45 congress GR550 .B47 The Uses of Enchantment The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales is a 1976 book by Austria born United States American psychologist Bruno Bettelheim in which he analyses fairy tale s in terms of Sigmund Freud Freudian psychology. In the book, Bettelheim discusses the emotional and symbolic importance of fairy tales for children, including traditional tales at one time clarification needed date March 2012 perhaps IN HIS TIME ? considered too dark, such as those collected and published by the Brothers Grimm . Bettelheim suggested that traditional fairy tales, with the darkness of abandonment, death, witches, and injuries, allowed children to grapple with their fears in remote, Symbol symbolic terms. If they could read and interpret these fairy tales in their own way, he believed, they would get a greater sense of meaning and purpose. Bettelheim thought that by engaging with these Social evolution socially evolved stories, children would go through emotional growth that would better prepare them for their own futures. Structure and contents The book is divided into two main sections. The first, A Pocketful of Magic, outlines Bettelheim s thoughts on the value of fairy tales for children. The second part, In Fairy Land, presents psychoanalytical readings of several popular fairy tales, specifically Hansel and Gretel Little Red Riding Hood Jack and the Beanstalk Snow White The Story of the Three Bears Goldilocks ... In the U.S., Bettelheim and The Uses of Enchantment won the 1976 National Book Critics Circle Award ... from 1972 to 1980. ref In popular culture The Uses of Enchantment has been cited as an influence in many ... Red Riding Hood . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Uses of Enchantment, The Category Psychology books ...   more details



  1. Uses of trigonometry

    of solving them are known. Fourier transforms have many uses. In almost any scientific context ... by 14 but not by 15 . The idea of putting a fraction in lowest terms also uses the concept of divisibility ...   more details



  1. Uses of compost

    of the sock. Special uses Additional special uses for compost include use as a planting media for constructed ...   more details



  1. Uses of podcasting

    Multiple issues copy edit January 2012 lead too short January 2012 example farm January 2012 The following article is a list of uses for podcasting , including Public services Unofficial audio tours of museums. ref Kennedy, Randy. 2005. http www.nytimes.com 2005 05 28 arts design 28podc.html?ex 1274932800&en db1ced6873dcc4b6&ei 5090&partner rssuserland&emc rss With Irreverence and an iPod, Recreating the Museum Tour . In The New York Times , 2005 05 28. ref Official cultural or historic audio tours of cities A way for news organizations to distribute audio or video as an addition to their existing text or mostly text news products. For example, Wikinews began to podcast its News Briefs in 2005. Companies are also using podcasts as a way to distribute their multimedia news to journalists and consumers through companies like MultiVu . In 2006, the online magazine Slate magazine Slate began textcasting articles to their readers, by attaching a written article to a blank audio file and delivering the content to readers through their regular podcasting mechanism. ref http www.slate.com id 2136959 Textcasting, anyone? at Slate magazine Slate ref Advocacy. The 5,500 Lockout industry locked out staff editors, journalists, technicians, hosts, etc. of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation were podcasting news and other programming during August and September 2005. Youth media. Podcasting has become a way for youth media organizations, such as Youth Radio , to bring youth perspectives to a wider audience. Public libraries can podcast local publications free of Copyright, offering spoken word alternatives to the visually impaired. Non profit organizations podcast readings of short format magazine articles for visually impaired readers. Law enforcement. The Chicago Police Department has a free video podcast of its half hour weekly news magazine called CrimeWatch, which airs on local TV. It documents community policing CAPS success stories. Educational Institutions use Podcast fo ...   more details



  1. 101 Uses for a Dead Cat

    Infobox Book name 101 Uses for a Dead Cat title orig translator image File 101UsesforDeadCat.jpg 300px image caption Original cover author Simon Bond illustrator cover artist country United States language series subject genre Black comedy , Cartoons publisher pub date 1981 english pub date media type pages isbn 0 517 54516 0 oclc preceded by followed by 101 Uses for a Dead Cat , by Simon Bond, was a bestselling collection of macabre cartoons . The book was promoted with the tag line , Since time immemorial mankind has been plagued by the question, What do you do with a dead cat? It consisted of cartoons depicting the bodies of dead cats being used for various purposes, including anchoring boats, sharpening pencils and holding bottles of wine. Release First published in 1981, the collection was eventually republished in 20 countries and sold over 2 million copies. ref name Cartoonstock 101 Uses for a Dead Cat. In Cartoonstock. . Retrieved September 14, 2010 from http www.cartoonstock.com 101 dead cats index.htm ref It spawned two sequels, 101 More Uses of a Dead Cat and Uses of a Dead Cat in History , as well as calendars featuring the cartoons and even a book in response called The Cat s Revenge More Than 101 Uses for Dead People . In 2006, a 25th anniversary edition of A Hundred and One Uses of a Dead Cat was published with a new foreword. ref name Cartoonstock Reception By December 7, 1981, it had spent 27 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list New York Times Best Seller list . ref name Time21091981 Cite news url http www.time.com time magazine article 0,9171,953104 1,00.html title A Comeuppance for Cats work Time magazine Time date 21 September 1981 accessdate 09 June 2010 ref Its success was considered part of a larger cat craze in popular culture, which included the Jim Davis cartoonist Jim Davis comic strip Garfield , and the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Cats ... 101 Uses For A Dead Cat Category 1981 books Category Cats in popular culture Category Black ...   more details



  1. Charitable Uses Act 1601

    The Charitable Uses Act of 1601 also known as the Statute of Elizabeth is an Act of Parliament Act 43 Eliz I, c.4 of the Parliament of England . It was repealed by section 13 1 of the Mortmain and Charitable Uses Act 1888 c.42 but see section 13 2 of that Act . The preamble to the act contained a list of purposes or activities that was, in effect, a list of purposes or activities that the State believed were of general benefit to society, and to which the State wanted to encourage private contributions. The list in the preamble to the 1601 statute has formed the foundation of the modern definition of charitable purposes, which has developed through case law. This has come about because the courts, in considering whether or not a particular purpose was charitable in law, have tended to look for an analogy between the purpose under consideration and the 1601 list, and to recognise the purpose as charitable if an analogy with the 1601 list could be found. ref http www.publications.parliament.uk pa cm200506 cmbills 083 en 06083x .htm ref References reflist External links UK legislation Category 1601 in law Category 1601 in England Category Acts of the Parliament of England Category Charities based in England and Wales England law stub ...   more details



  1. Three Uses of the Knife

    Infobox Book name Three Uses of the Knife translator image image caption author David Mamet illustrator cover artist country United States language series The Columbia Lectures on American Culture subject Drama publisher Columbia University Press release date February 1998 media type pages 96 first edition, clothbound isbn ISBN 023111088X dewey 808.2 21 congress PN1631 .M26 1998 oclc 37115843 preceded by followed by Three Uses of the Knife On the Nature and Purpose of Drama is a book by David Mamet that discusses playwriting. In it, Mamet discusses the conscious and unconscious processes that go on in developing a work of art . The book s title stems from a quote from musician Leadbelly , appearing on page 66 Huddie Ledbetter, also known as Leadbelly, said You take a knife, you use it to cut the bread, so you ll have strength to work you use it to shave, so you ll look nice for your lover on discovering her with another, you use it to cut out her lying heart. Another more significant quote from the book The subject of drama is The Lie. At the end of the drama THE TRUTH which has been overlooked, disregarded, scorned, and denied prevails. And that is how we know the Drama is done. http www.notable quotes.com m mamet david.html nonfiction book stub theat stub Category 1998 books Category Theatre non fiction ...   more details



  1. List of software that uses Subversion

    Multiple issues expert subject February 2009 refimprove November 2007 cleanup laundry January 2008 The following list of software that uses Subversion documents various software application s which interact with Subversion software Subversion , a revision control system used in software development . TortoiseSVN , a Microsoft Windows Windows shell i.e. Windows Explorer Explorer extension. CodeBeamer software codeBeamer ref http intland.com products cb overview.html codeBeamer home page ref is a web based Collaborative Application Lifecycle Management application lifecycle management solution that supports Subversion and various other Version Control Systems Mindquarry , the file sharing area provides a web interface to a Subversion repository, the team area automatically creates repositories for new teams Polarion ref http www.polarion.com Polarion Software web site ref ALM for Subversion web based Application Lifecycle Management application lifecycle management platform that uses Subversion as repository for all development artifacts RapidSVN , a visual subversion client. SharpForge is an open source , web based project management and bugtracker bug tracking web application . It reduces Subversion administration and uses it as a wiki content management system . SVK a distributed revision control system built on top of the Subversion software Subversion Application programming interface API svnX, an open source GUI client for Mac OS X . Versions, a Mac OS X GUI client. Cornerstone, a Mac OS X GUI client. RabbitVCS , an extension for GNOME s Nautilus file manager Nautilus file manager and gedit text editor. http www.agilofortrac.com Agilo for trac Integrated Development Environments List of Integrated Development Environment s IDEs , which support or can be integrated with Subversion Coda web development software Panic s Coda As of version 1.5, Coda has integrated Subversion support SlickEdit IntelliJ IDEA ref http www.jetbrains.com idea Jetbrains.com web site ref X ...   more details



  1. List of color spaces and their uses

    This is a list of color spaces and their uses from the color space article. A color space consists of a color model along with a specific mapping of that model onto an absolute color space . There are a large number of color spaces in use in the world today. Models There are 5 major models, that sub divide into others, they are CIE, RGB, YUV, HSL HSV, and CMYK. Image AdditiveColor.svg thumbnail 200px Additive color mixing Image SubtractiveColor.svg thumbnail 200px Subtractive color mixing International Commission on Illumination CIE CIE 1931 XYZ main CIE 1931 color space aka CIE 1931 The first attempt to produce a color space based on measurements of human color perception and it is the basis for almost all other color spaces. CIELUV main CIELUV A modification of CIE 1931 XYZ to display color differences more conveniently. The CIELUV space is especially useful for additive mixtures of lights, due to its linear addition properties. ref name Ullmann Keith McLaren Dyes, General Survey in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley VCH 15 June 2000 ref CIELAB main Lab color space The intention of CIELAB or L a b or Lab is to produce a color space that is more perceptually linear than other color spaces. Perceptually linear means that a change of the same amount in a color value should produce a change of about the same visual importance. CIELAB has almost entirely replaced an alternative related Lab color space Hunter Lab . This space is commonly used for surface colors, but not for mixtures of transmitted light. ref name Ullmann CIEUVW main CIE 1964 color space Measurements over a larger field of view than the CIE 1931 XYZ color space which produces slightly different ..., Europe, except France, which uses SECAM television except that the YIQ color space is rotated 33 ... the inks produces a given color. One starts with a white substrate canvas, page, etc. , and uses ... Precise Color Communication DEFAULTSORT List Of Color Spaces And Their Uses Category Color Category ...   more details



  1. List of balloon uses

    This is a list of uses of balloon s Image Toy balloons.jpg thumb toy balloon s tiny balloon catheter balloon tamponade Graphene balloons small volume of a few litre s gas balloon cluster ballooning Talkie tapes Talking balloon toy balloon water balloon papier m ch balloon modelling decoration solar balloon balloon mail as part of a Balloon release balloon flight competition or to spread information balloon helicopter balloon rocket , demonstration of rocket propulsion ceiling balloon decoy s accompanying Intercontinental ballistic missile ICBM s in midcourse, see also countermeasure A vessel for storing nitrous oxide prior to inhalation for use as a Recreational drug use recreational drug medium volume of tens to thousands of litres free flying high altitude balloon hopper balloon fire balloon for the transport of bombs in World War II , FUGO Balloon transport of propaganda in World War II and in the Cold War ceiling balloon weather balloon used with a radiosonde fixed for carrying advertising signs to carry a antenna radio radio antenna toy balloon research balloon Skyhook balloon superpressure balloon other balloon tire s, for vehicles that require low ground pressures large volume up to 12,000,000 litres image yellow.balloon.inflation.arp.jpg thumb A hot air balloon is inflated at Royal Victoria Park, Bath, England free flying balloon aircraft lifting people, or daring prison escapes, usually with a hot air balloon , Rozi re balloon or a gas balloon airship , a steerable balloon hybrid airship , which combines characteristics of heavier than air HTA technology, fixed wing aircraft or helicopter , and lighter than air LTA , aerostat technology. research balloon with instrumentation, also to carry telescopes rockoon , a carrier for rockets. balloon satellite for space research. espionage balloon for military reconnaissance hopper balloon fixed as manned observation post before World War II barrage balloon observation balloon for military reconnaissance positioning ...   more details



  1. Alternative uses for placenta

    ref name hCG cite web url http hcgobesity.org ifcor title Alternative Uses of human Choriogonadotropin ... References reflist DEFAULTSORT Alternative Uses For Placenta Category Medical treatments Category Medical ...   more details



  1. Proteases (medical and related uses)

    organism is alternatively named Serratia marcescens Bizio. The preparation and some uses of the protease ... has been medically used for its anti inflammatory effects see Bromelain Medical uses Bromelain medical uses . Serratia E 15 protease also known as serratiopeptidase or serrapeptidase ref name ATCC21074 ... regulatory approval for controlled pharmaceutical uses. ref http www.medicine.ox.ac.uk bandolier booth ...   more details



  1. Medical uses of silver

    The medical uses of silver include its incorporation into wound dressings to treat external infections, and its use as an antiseptic and disinfectant in medical appliances. Silver is also promoted within alternative medicine in the form of colloidal silver , although it has not been proven to be safe or effective. The silver ion Ag sup sup is bioactive and in sufficient concentration readily kills bacteria in vitro . Silver also kills bacteria in external wounds in living tissue, so physicians use wound dressings containing silver sulfadiazine Ag SD or Silver nanoparticles silver nanomaterials to treat external infections. ref name Burns2007 cite journal author Atiyeh BS, Costagliola M, Hayek SN, Dibo SA title Effect of silver on burn wound infection control and healing review of the literature journal Burns volume 33 issue 2 pages 139 48 year 2007 pmid 17137719 doi 10.1016 j.burns.2006.06.010 ref ref name nccam cite web publisher National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine title Colloidal Silver Products url http nccam.nih.gov health silver month December year 2006 accessdate 2008 10 06 ref ref name pmid16722867 cite journal author Qin Y title Silver containing alginate fibres and dressings journal International Wound Journal volume 2 issue 2 pages 172 6 year 2005 month June pmid 16722867 doi 10.1111 j.1742 4801.2005.00101.x ref ref name theengineer1 cite web author 1 May 2007 url http www.theengineer.co.uk Articles 299472 Combatting 20the 20bug.htm title Combatting ... has had some medicinal uses going back for centuries. The Phoenicians are said to have stored water ... USES year 1915 last1 Roe first1 A. L. journal BMJ volume 1 page 104 pmid 20767446 issue 2820 pmc ... The Lancet volume 179 page 322 issue 4614 ref ref name Searle uses cite book last Searle first A.B. ... of Toronto Toronto Collection year 1920 chapter Chapter IX Colloidal Remedies and Their Uses ... Therapeutic Goods Administration TGA found there were no legitimate medical uses for colloidal ...   more details



  1. Uses of torture in recent times

    . It corrupts and degrades the state which uses it and the legal system which accepts it. Lord Hope ...   more details



  1. The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers

    The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers is an international guideline regulating how rivers and their connected groundwater s that cross national boundaries may be used, adopted by the International Law Association ILA in Helsinki , Finland in August 1966. In spite of its adoption by the ILA, there is no mechanism in place that enforces the rules. ref cite news last Browne first Anthony date 2003 08 19 title Water wars, water wars, everywhere... publisher The Times url http business.timesonline.co.uk tol business law article877529.ece accessdate 2009 02 12 ref Notwithstanding the guideline s lack of formal status, its work on rules governing international rivers was pioneering. ref cite book last1 Raj first1 Krishna last2 Salman first2 Salman M.A. chapter International Groundwater Law and the World Bank Policy for Projects on Transboundary Groundwater editor1 last Salman editor1 first Salman M. A. title Groundwater Legal and Policy Perspectives Proceedings of a World Bank Seminar publisher World Bank Publications year 1999 isbn 082134613X page 171 172 ref It led to the creation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of Non Navigational Uses of International Watercourses . In 2004, it was superseded by the Berlin Rules on Water Resources . Provisions Applicable to all drainage basin s that cross national boundaries, except where other agreement between bordering nations exists, the Helsinki Rules assert the rights of all bordering nations to an equitable share in the water resources , with reasonable consideration of such factors as past customary usages of the resource and balancing variant needs and demands of the bordering nations. It also mandates protection of the resource by bordering nations with respect to water pollution and sets ... in the adopting of the Convention on the Law of Non Navigational Uses of International Watercourses ... Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers , UNESCO . Category Water law Category Environmental ...   more details



  1. The Construction and Principal Uses of Mathematical Instruments

    Infobox book name The Construction and Principal Uses of Mathematical Instruments title orig Trait de la construction et des principaux usages des instrumens de math matique translator Edmund Stone image include the file and the image size image caption author Nicholas Bion illustrator cover artist country France language French language French series subject Mathematical instruments Early works to 1800 genre publisher Paris pub date 1709 english pub date 1723 media type Print pages 8 p., 347 p., 5 , 28 leaves of plates isbn oclc 48599327 dewey congress preceded by followed by The Construction and Principal Uses of Mathematical Instruments lang fr Trait de la construction et des principaux usages des instrumens de math matique is a book by Nicholas Bion, first publish ed in 1709. ref name WorldCat It was translate d into English language English in 1723 by Edmund Stone. ref name EdmundStoneBio It was described as the most famous book devoted to instruments by History of science historian of science David M. Knight . ref name DavidKnight Nicholas Bion Nicholas Bion lang fr Nicolas Bion , 1652 1733 ref name BionBio was a French Scientific instrument instrument maker and author with workshops in Paris . He was king s engineer for mathematical instruments. He died in Paris in 1733 aged 81. Bibliography Bion is author of the following ref name BionBio L usage des Globes C lestes et Terrestres et des sph res suivant les differents syst mes du Monde 1700 Amsterdam Usage des Astrolabes http books.google.com.ua books?id hCBsMtXEsx4C&printsec frontcover&dq Trait C3 A9 de la construction et des principaux usages des instrumens de math C3 A9matique&source bl&ots w4GoK3vHMm&sig 08KxvuQa13a FtRIU5NNTdAZMNU&hl uk&ei iZqwS570KYbd Qab Ni DQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CAYQ6AEwAA v onepage&q &f false Trait de la construction et des principaux usages des instrumens de ... Bion DEFAULTSORT Construction and Principal Uses of Mathematical Instruments Category 1709 books ...   more details



  1. Clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells

    Orphan date April 2011 technical issue March 2011 date March 2011 Adult mesenchymal stem cell s MSCs are being used by researchers in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering , to artificially reconstruct human tissue which has been previously damaged. Mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to become any type of fully developed cell, which can contribute to replacing muscle tissues or internal organs. To help discover the therapeutic uses of these stem cells they are grown in laboratories or by using medication to stimulate new cell growth within the human body. ref name Karussis ref name Yamout ref name Mallam In MSC therapy the cells are extracted from the adult patient s bone marrow via a procedure called bone marrow aspiration . This usually involves inserting a needle into the back of the patients hip bone and removing the sample from there. These cells are then grown under controlled in vitro conditions in a lab, so that they can multiply and same time mature also referred to as Cellular differentiation differentiated . This process may take two to three weeks. ref name Karussis The kind of mature, fully differentiated cell phenotype and the number of those cells created though this can be influenced in three ways. Firstly by varying the initial seed density in the culture medium, secondly through changing the conditions of the medium during expansion, and lastly through the addition of additives such as proteins or growth hormones to the culture medium. ref name Caplan . They are then harvested and put back into the patient through local delivery or systemic infusion . ref name Karussis ref name Yamout ref name Caplan Therapeutic properties See also Mesenchymal stem cell MSCs possess many properties that are ideal for the treatment of Inflammatory disease inflammatory and degenerative diseases . ref name Yamout ref name Mallam They can differentiate into many cell types including bone, fat, and muscle which allow them to treat a large rang ...   more details



  1. Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses

    The Convention on the Law of Non Navigational Uses of International Watercourses is a document adopted by the United Nations on May 21, 1997 pertaining to the uses and conservation of all waters that cross international boundaries, including both surface and groundwater . Mindful of increasing demands for water and the impact of human behavior, the UN drafted the document to help Water conservation conserve and manage water resources for present and future generations. To enter force, the document required ratification by 35 countries, but as of 2008 received less than half that number, with ratification by 16. ref cite web url http www.publications.parliament.uk pa cm200708 cmhansrd cm071205 text 71205w0012.htm title Column 1255W continued date 2007 12 05 accessdate 2009 02 12 publisher United ... guidelines for water use comparable to The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International ... Uses of International Watercourses based on their proposal. ref cite web url http www.unece.org ... Convention on the Law of Non Navigational Uses of International Watercourses accessdate 2009 02 12 ... and about their planned uses for it, allowing sufficient time for other sharing states to study the use ... instruments english conventions 8 3 1997.pdf title Convention on the Law of Non Navigational Uses ..., with conflict stemming from the fact that a state may have legitimate uses for a watercourse ... Convention on the Law of Non Navigational Uses of International Watercourses , 20 21. ref He offers ... uses. ref name McC20 blockquote McCaffrey indicates that controversy here stemmed from ... Uses of International Watercourses , 21. ref References reflist Further reading cite book last McCaffrey first Stephen C. title The Law of International Watercourses Non navigational Uses publisher ... 3 1997.pdf Convention on the Law of Non Navigational Uses of International Watercourses , United Nations ... Convention on the Law of the Non Navigational Uses of International Watercourses , lecture series ...   more details



  1. United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space

    The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space COPUOS was established in 1958 shortly after the launch of Sputnik as an ad hoc committee. In 1959, it was formally established by United Nations resolution http www.unoosa.org oosa SpaceLaw gares html gares 14 1472.html 1472 XIV . The mission of COPUOS is to review the scope of international cooperation in peaceful uses of outer space , to devise programmes in this field to be undertaken under United Nations auspices, to encourage continued research and the dissemination of information on outer space matters, and to study legal problems arising from the space exploration exploration of outer space . The Committee has two subcommittees, the http www.unoosa.org oosa en COPUOS stsc index.html Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and the http www.unoosa.org oosa en COPUOS Legal index.html Legal Subcommittee . COPUOS oversees the implementation of five treaties and agreements Outer Space Treaty The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies Rescue Agreement The Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space Liability Convention The Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects Registration Convention The Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space Moon Treaty The Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies Member nations COPUOS has seventy member nations and is one of the largest committees in the United Nations. Since the last additions in 2007, http www.unoosa.org oosa COPUOS members.html member nations include Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria ... Uses of Outer Space on the website of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs , which ...?pid 17179 Press Release Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Concludes 48th Session in Vienna ...   more details



  1. Rolls-Royce Merlin alternative uses

    The Rolls Royce Merlin , although designed as an aero engine, was used in other applications both on land and at sea. Automotive Michael Wilcock of Sussex , England built the Swandean Spitfire Special ref http www.britishmm.co.uk history.asp?id 1050 Swandean Spitfire Special ref , using a Merlin XXV engine acquired from a scrap yard for one hundred and forty pounds. The engine was installed in a home brewed chassis confected from two Daimler Motor Company Daimler Daimler Dingo Dingo scout car chassis. The car was run in the Brighton Speed Trials ref http www.findonvillage.com p6185 swandean spitfire 0761.jpg Brighton Speed Trials ref in 1953, and was sold to James Duffy of St. Louis, Missouri in 1956. As of 2005, the vehicle is still in St. Louis, where it is undergoing restoration. In the 1960s, Paul Jameson put a Merlin engine into a chassis he had built himself. ref name Booij 2009, p. 82. Booij 2009, p. 82. ref He did not get around to building a body, and sold the car to Epsom automatic transmission specialist John Dodd auto builder John Dodd , who fitted a fibreglass body based on the shape of a stylized Ford Capri and named the machine The Beast . ref name Booij 2009, p. 82. ref http www.myspace.com johndodd2006 The Beast ref The Beast, the engine of which came from a Boulton Paul Balliol training aircraft Fact date September 2008 , driving a General Motors Corporation General Motors Turbo Hydramatic TH400 automatic transmission , was once listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the world s most powerful road Automobile car . ref Guinness 1975, p. 141. ref The Beast has used two different fibreglass bodies during its life the first, in the shape of a stylized Ford Capri, was destroyed in a fire although the engine, running gear and chassis survived. Dodd rebuilt the engine and commissioned a new body, this time a tan 2 door Shooting brake . ref name Booij 2009, p. 83. Booij 2009, p. 83. ref In both incarnations the car used Rolls Royce Motors Rolls Royce gr ...   more details



  1. Theories of media exposure

    . This theory does address more thoroughly media avoidance than does Uses and Gratifications ... http www.youtube.com watch?v aL0HTuZQD I Uses and Gratifications Theory Video http www.youtube.com ...   more details



  1. Herta Herzog

    Technology . Herzog was a pioneer of the uses and gratifications approach to the study of radio broadcast ...   more details




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