Intellectual property A utilitymodel is an intellectual property right to protect invention s. This right ... the utilitymodel is called a Petty Patent . ref cite web url http www.wipo.int wipolex ... 2011 08 20 ref Definition A utilitymodel is a statutory monopoly granted for a limited time ... of ordinary skill in the relevant art to perform the invention. The rights conferred by utilitymodel ... the definition of utilitymodel . ref Kelsey Martin Mott, The Concept of the Small Patent, in The International ... generated title ref Requirements for grant Most countries having utilitymodel laws require that the invention be new. However, many patent or utilitymodel offices do not conduct substantive examination and merely grant the utilitymodel after checking that utilitymodel applications comply with formalities. Some countries exclude particular subject matter from utilitymodel protection. For example, methods, plants and animals are normally barred from utilitymodel protection. In Germany a utility .... ref UtilityModel Law 3 Abs. 1 ref In Spain , the novelty patent novelty requirement for obtaining a utilitymodel lang es modelo de utilidad is relative , i.e. only public written disclosure of the invention ... 2004 2740 PEMSA c. Interflex ref Availability and names Primary sources date March 2008 Utilitymodel applications may be prepared and filed at local patent offices in countries where utilitymodel protection is available. The table below is a list of countries having utilitymodel protection under ... 2008 02 16 format PDF ref td td width 10 utilitymodel td td width 10 10 years td td width ... Law International, Update No. 104, January 2006. ref td td width 10 utilitymodel td td width 10 ... website accessdate 2008 04 27 ref td td width 10 utilitymodel td td width 10 8 years td td width ... Property Laws and Treaties accessdate 2011 08 20 ref td td width 10 utilitymodel td td width 10 ... Law International, Update No. 110, March 2007. ref td td width 10 utilitymodel td td width 10 10 years ... more details
Public UtilityModel PUM , is an Emergency Medical Service EMS system. In a Public UtilityModel system, the government is a purchaser of Dispatcher s, EMT s and Paramedic providers from a EMS provider contractor . In most cases, this is a private for profit ambulance company. In the ownership of a Public UtilityModel, the community retains control of EMS system capital assets and accounts receivable through daily oversight. The EMS provider contractor manages the day to day operations of the service and provides the system with properly trained providers. The system is designed whereas the government ... Emergency Medical Services agencies are Public UtilityModel EMS systems. citation needed date September ... time standards were developed that most PUM s use. Public Utility Models In USA In Fort Worth, Texas , the 9 1 1 public utilitymodel is known as MedStar . However, the contractor up until 2005 was Rural Metro. In Richmond, Virginia , the 9 1 1 public utilitymodel is called the Richmond Ambulance ... September 2011 ref Public UtilityModel EMS Systems In United States ref Known services as of 27 September ... Characteristics Public UtilityModel EMS systems have certain characteristics which make it different ... advocates Patient Care High quality patient care is the number one focus of a public utilitymodel ... Financial controls must be in place where the public utilitymodel oversight authority controls all EMS system funding. A public utilitymodel is designed to be funded through the collection of user fees .... SSM enables a public utilitymodel EMS contractor to match resources to demand more accurately than using a more traditional static model of fixed staffing and fixed stations for all hours of the day ... ISBN 0 8151 3391 X Public utilitymodel EMS. Emerg Med Serv. 2004 Mar 33 3 87 91 Dean S. University ... EMS system. Soon after, he proposed, or was instrumental in developing Public Utility Models ... of week by using historic demand data. This model responds to the fact that as populations move from ... more details
outcomes. The expected utilitymodel was first proposed by Nicolaus I Bernoulli Nicholas Bernoulli ...about the economic concept Utilitarianism In economics , utility is a measure of satisfaction, referring ... the simple meaning of term utility is The want satisfying capacity of a good is called Utility of that good Ex Satisfying the want of Writing is the utility of a pen, http www.investopedia.com terms u utility.asp axzz1eGQlDNsr , Definition of Utility by Investopedia ref but also referring to satisfaction received by its contingent production relations ref http www.thefreedictionary.com utility , Definition of Utility Economics by The Free Dictionary ref . Given this measure, one may speak meaningfully of increasing or decreasing utility, and thereby explain economic behavior in terms of attempts to increase one s utility. Utility is often modeled to be affected by Consumption economics consumption ... of utilitarianism saw the maximization of utility as a moral criterion for the organization of society ... , society should aim to maximize the total utility of individuals, aiming for the greatest happiness ... maximize the utility of those with the lowest utility, raising them up to create a more equitable distribution across society. Utility is usually applied by economists in such constructs as the indifference ... accept to maintain a given level of satisfaction. Individual utility and social utility can be construed as the value of a utility function and a social welfare function respectively. When coupled with production ... is a central concept in welfare economics . In finance , utility is applied to generate an individual s price for an asset called the indifference price . Utility functions are also related to risk measure s, with the most common example being the entropic risk measure . Quantifying utility It was recognized that utility could not be measured or observed directly, so instead economists devised a way ... named by Paul Samuelson , were revealed e.g. in people s willingness to pay blockquote Utility ... more details
Wiktionary utilityUtility is a measure of the happiness or satisfaction gained from a good or service in economics and game theory. Utility may also refer to Public utility , an organization that maintains the infrastructure for a public service, or the services themselves Utility patent , one of the requirements for patentability in Canadian and United States patent laws Utility software or a utility program, a software program that functions for a particular purpose Utility player , a baseball player who plays more than one position regularly. Utilitymodel , an intellectual property right to protect inventions Utility Radio , a radio receiver manufactured in Great Britain during the 1939 45 World War Utility room , a room in a house, which is the descendant of the scullery Utility vehicle , a vehicle that is designed for a specific task Utility car , a term used in Australia and New Zealand to refer to a pickup truck or coupe utility vehicle ute Utilities film Utilities film , a 1981 movie starring Robert Hays Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform , often abbreviated to Utilities , the battledress uniform of the United States Marine Corps disambiguation de Utility es Utilidad eu Baliagarritasun argipena ko it Utilit nl Utility ja pl U yteczno pt Utilidade sk Utilita ... more details
to model attitudes toward risk if one doesn t quantify utility, the theory should not be interpreted ... utilitymodel its variants, purposes, evidence and limitations . Journal of economic literature ...Image Cardinal utility example.png thumb alt An example of two cardinal utility functions A simple example of cardinality. Y 2x 3 In economics , a cardinal utility function or scale is a utility index ... name Ellsberg, Daniel 1954 Ellsberg, Daniel. 1954 . Classic and current notions of Measurable utility . Economic Journal 64 255 528 556 ref ref Strotz, Robert. 1953 . Cardinal utility . American economic review Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 384 397 ref Two utility indices are related by a linear transformation ... of the form math v x 1 au x 1 b math , for fixed constants a and b . Thus the utility ... and origin. ref name Ellsberg, Daniel 1954 Cardinal utility is mostly considered to be an outdated idea. Only within specific contexts such as expected utility theory decision making under risk ... evaluations , is cardinal utility usually accepted. ref K bberling, Veronika. 2006 . Strength of preference and cardinal utility . Economic theory , No. 27, p. 375 ref Elsewhere, such as in general Consumer choice consumer theory , ordinal utility is preferred. History Modern work in cardinal utility theory began in the 18th century, when Daniel Bernoulli noted how the diminishing marginal utility of wealth would satisfactorily explain why a riddling game like the St. Petersburg ... utility function accounted well for the diminishing marginal utility of wealth since people ... ground for a theory of utility was laid down, though it was yet to be linked to the economic analysis of demand. The first initiatives to theorize about utility treated it as if it was a physical ... reflected on how satisfaction or utility could be measured by some complex introspective examination. Driven by a desire to establish the principle of utility as the basis of all legislation and social ... more details
In economics , the isoelastic function for utility , also known as the isoelastic utility function , constant relative risk aversion utility function , or power utility function , is used to express utility in terms of consumption economics consumption or some other economic variable that a decision maker is concerned with. It is math u c begin cases frac c 1 eta 1 1 eta & eta neq 1 log c & eta 1 end cases math where math c math is consumption, math u c math the associated utility, and math eta math is a non negative constant. ref Ljungqvist & Sargent Recursive Macroeconomic Theory , page 451 ref Since additive constant terms in objective functions do not affect optimal decisions, the term 1 in the numerator can be, and usually is, omitted except when establishing the limiting case of log c as below . When the context involves risk, the utility function is viewed as a von Neumann Morgenstern utility function , and the parameter math eta math is a measure of risk aversion. The isoelastic utility function is a special case of the hyperbolic absolute risk aversion HARA utility functions, and is used in analyses that either include or do not include underlying risk . Empirical parametrization There is substantial debate in the economics and finance literature with respect to the empirical value of math eta math . While relatively high values of math eta math as high as 50 in some models Citation needed date December 2010 are necessary to explain the behavior of asset prices, controlled ... eta math close to one. Risk aversion features This and only this utility function has the feature ... making is unaffected by scale. For instance, in the standard model ref Arrow, K.J.,1965, The theory .... Special cases math eta 0 math this corresponds to risk neutrality , because utility is linear in c ... Exponential utility Risk aversion References references DEFAULTSORT Isoelastic Utility Category Macroeconomics Category Microeconomics Category Finance Category Utility ... more details
Refimprove date September 2007 Utility computing is the packaging of Computational resource computing resources , such as computation, storage and services, as a metered service. This model has the advantage ... Nov 2002 accessdate Oct 2010 ref However, the new model of computing caught and eventually became mainstream. IBM, HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of Utility Computing with their business ... computing model. Google, Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008, as they established their own utility services for computing, storage and applications. Utility Computing can support ... which are supported via a large number of computers. Utility computing has usually envisioned some form ... are geographically distributed or cross administrative domain s. To provide utility computing services ... of the revenue from clients. One model, common among volunteer computing applications, is for a central ... in the commercial case, the paying customers . Another model, sometimes called the Virtual Organization ... idle. The definition of utility computing is sometimes extended to specialized tasks, such as web service s. History Utility computing is not a new concept, but rather has quite a long history. Among ... of the future, then computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry .... To facilitate this business model, mainframe operating systems evolved to include process control facilities, security, and user metering. The advent of mini computers changed this business model ... of servers. In the late 90 s utility computing re surfaced. InsynQ http www.insynq.com , Inc. launched ... up the Utility Computing Division in Mountain View, CA, assigning former Bell Labs computer scientists .... Services such as IP billing on tap were marketed. HP introduced the Utility Data Center in 2001 ... Alexa Web Search Platform, a Web search building tool for which the underlying power is utility ... more details
Group Sufficiency of disclosure Utility in Canadian patent law Utilitymodel External links http ...See also Industrial applicability Patent law In United States patent law , utility is a patentability ... Mass. 1817 The law...does not look to the degree of utility it simply requires that it shall be capable of use.... ref The majority of inventions are usually not challenged as lacking utility, ref Janice ... s guidelines require that a patent application expresses a specific, credible, and substantial utility. ref See Brenner v. Manson , 383 U.S. 519 1966 USPTO, Utility Examination Guidelines, 66 Fed. Reg ... showing that there is no specific, substantial, and credible utility. European patent law does not consider utility as a patentability criterion. ref In this respect, decision http legal.european patent ... under EPC Article 52 2 and 3 even where they have practical utility headnote III. , thus ruling out the utility of an invention as a decisive patentability criterion. ref Instead, it requires ... Convention , see for instance EPC Article 57 . ref Utility criterion In considering the requirement of utility for patents, there are three main factors to review operability of the invention, a beneficial ... of functionality, also known as General Utility. Operability concerns whether the invention actually works or accomplishes the utility that the inventor claims. The operability of an invention ... inoperative embodiments does not necessarily render a claim invalid as lacking utility. ref name ... asserts the utility of shrinking cancer tumors. If it is established that the embodiment of the invention ... the utility asserted for the genus. ref name JMMueller247 She further explains, however, that while ... to practice the invention without undue experimentation. ref name JMMueller247 Beneficial utility Beneficial utility was first recognized as a requirement in United States patent law in the 1817 case Lowell v. Lewis ref name lowell Lowell v. Lewis, 15 F. Cas. 1018 C.C.D. Mass. 1817 ref the utility ... more details
In economics and finance , exponential utility refers to a specific form of the utility function , used in some contexts because of its convenience when risk sometimes referred to as uncertainty is present, in which case Expected utility hypothesis expected utility is maximized. Formally, exponential utility is given by math u c 1 e a c math , where math c math is a variable that the economic decision ... labor supply , etc., depending on the focus of the model and of Exogenous variable exogenous ... for its irrelevance is that maximizing the expected value of utility math u c 1 e a c math gives ... since expected values of utility as opposed to the utility function itself are interpreted Ordinal utility ordinally instead of Cardinal utility cardinally , the range and sign of the expected utility values are of no significance. The exponential utility function is a special case of the hyperbolic absolute risk aversion utility functions. Risk aversion characteristic Exponential utility implies ... math frac u c u c a. math In the standard model of one risky asset and one risk free asset, ref Arrow ... utility function is considered unrealistic. Mathematical tractability Though isoelastic utility , exhibiting risk aversion constant relative risk aversion , is considered more plausible as are other utility functions exhibiting decreasing absolute risk aversion , exponential utility is particularly ... . Then under exponential utility, expected utility is given by math text E u c text E 1 e a c x epsilon ... expected exponential utility math text E e aW math of final wealth W subject to math W x r W 0 x ... r is Joint normality jointly normally distributed . Then expected utility can be written as math text ... shows the two key features of exponential utility tractability under joint normality, and lack of realism ... utility Isoelastic power utility function References reflist DEFAULTSORT Exponential Utility Category Economics of uncertainty Category Financial economics Category Utility ... more details
For archive utility applications in general see file archiver . For the MAC OS Archive Utility service application see Archive Utility . disambiguation ... more details
Coupe Utility. This model was the first coupe utility design to enter production anywhere in the world. Ford Motor Company of Australia Ford Australia was the first company to produce a coupe utility. ref name fastlane http www.fastlane.com.au Features First ute.htm Who built the first utility where ... a suitable solution and the first coupe utilitymodel was released in 1934. ref name fastlane ... Toyota Crown Second S40 Model 1962 to 1967 Toyopet Crown MS47 coupe utility. File 1962 Toyopet CoronaLine ... thumb 1987 Chevrolet El Camino United States The coup utility Car body style automobile body style ... vehicle derived automobile platform platform . A coup utility has a body style with coup lines ... subsidiary Holden also produced a Chevrolet coupe utility in 1934 but the body style did not appear on the American market until the release of the 1957 Ford Ranchero . Both the coup utility and the similar open topped roadster utility continued in production but the improving economy of the mid to late 1930s and the desire for improved comfort saw coupe utility sales climb at the expense of the roadster utility until, by 1939, the latter was all but a fading memory. By the 1980s in North America, the coup utility began to fall out of favor again with the demise of the Ranchero after 1979 ... part of the whole body. Both the coup utility and closed cab pickup designs migrated to light truck chassis & these are correctly known respectively as Utility trucks & Pickup trucks. Eventually ... Ford Australia s lone designer Lew Bandt penned the world s first coupe utility, thereby spawning ... 1982 1990 Hyundai Pony Pickup. The first generation Pony was available as a coupe utility as well. File ... term Coup Utility , here follows some examples of vehicles using this body style. Coup utilities ... Rancheros 1959 1960, 1964 1987 Chevrolet El Camino 1965 1979 Chrysler Valiant utility 1991 1995 ... Ford Coupe Utility Australia 1983 2011 Ford Bantam South Africa 1998 2002 Ford Courier Brazil .281998.E2.80.93present.29 ... more details
In economics , the marginal utility of a Good economics good or Service economics service is the gain .... Economists sometimes speak of a law of diminishing marginal utility , meaning that the first units of measurement unit of consumption of a good or service yields more utility than the second and subsequent units. citation needed date February 2012 The concept of marginal utility played a crucial ... marginal utility may be expressed in terms of differential calculus . Marginal utility can be defined ... unit of a discrete good or service, such as a motor vehicle or a haircut. Utility Main Utility Different concepts of utility underlie different theories in which marginal utility plays a role. It has been common among economists to describe utility as if it were quantifiable , that is, as if different levels of utility could be compared along a numerical scale. ref George Stigler Stigler, George Joseph The Development of Utility Theory , I and II, Journal of Political Economy 1950 , issues 3 and 4. ref ref George Stigler Stigler, George Joseph The Adoption of Marginal Utility Theory History of Political ... of marginal utility. Concepts of utility that entail quantification allow familiar arithmetic operations ... goods, services, or uses thereof with quantities, and defines utility as such a quantification ... choice and demand , Utility representations . ref Another conception is Utilitarianism Benthamite ... especially by way of John Stuart Mill , viewed utility as the feelings of pleasure and pain ... outside of the mainstream methods, there are conceptions of utility that do not rely on quantification ... mc culloch ref name georgescu rogen Nicholas Georgescu Roegen Georgescu Roegen, Nicholas Utility , International ... Marginal Utility , Zeitschrift f r National konomie 37 1977 3& 4 September . ref In any standard ... 1913 Ch VII, pp 86 7. ref Diminishing marginal utility This section is linked from Law of diminishing marginal utility , Diminishing utility theory , Diminishing utility The utility which ... more details
Utility Trailer may refer to Trailer vehicle , an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle Utility Trailer Manufacturing Company , an American semi trailer manufacturer disambiguation ... more details
In computer programming , a utility class is a class computer science class that defines a set of methods that perform common, often re used functions. Most utility classes define these common methods under static see Static variable scope. Examples of utility classes include java.util.Collections http java.sun.com j2se 1.5.0 docs api java util Collections.html which provides several utility methods such as sorting on objects that implement a Collection java.util.collection http java.sun.com j2se 1.5.0 docs api java util Collection.html . See also Utility pattern External links http c2.com cgi wiki?UtilityPattern Utility Pattern For a utility class, which does not require instantiation and only has static methods, use a private constructor Category Programming constructs Compu prog stub ... more details
Infobox aviation name Utility helicopter image Image CH 146 Griffon Helicopter.jpg caption The Canadian Forces Bell CH 146 Griffon is a typical utility helicopter A utility helicopter is a multi purpose helicopter . A utility Military helicopters military helicopter can fill roles such attack helicopter ground attack , air assault , cargo , MEDEVAC , command and control, and troop transport. ref name FD Cite web url http www.thefreedictionary.com Utility helicopter title Utility helicopter accessdate 10 January 2012 last Farlex, Inc date 2012 ref A utility helicopter is generally of a size between a medium transport helicopter and a Light Observation Helicopter light observation helicopter . References Reflist Aviation lists DEFAULTSORT Utility Helicopter Category Military helicopters Aero stub ca Helic pter utilitari es Helic ptero utilitario it Elicottero utility lt Bendrosios paskirties sraigtasparnis ms Helikopter utiliti ja ... more details
Transferable utility is a term used in Cooperative game cooperative game theory and in economics . Utility is transferable if one player can losslessly transfer part of its utility to another player. Such transfers are possible if the players have a common currency that is valued equally by all. Note that being able to transfer cash payoff s does not imply that utility is transferable wealthy and poor players may derive a different utility from the same amount of money. Transferable utility is assumed in many cooperative game s, where the payoff s are not given for individual players, but only for coalitions. In this case the assumption implies that irrespective of the division of the coalitional payoff, members of the coalition enjoy the same total utility . References cite book last Myerson first Roger B. authorlink Roger B. Myerson title Game Theory Analysis of Conflict publisher Harvard University Press date 1991 location Cambridge, Massachusetts pages 568 url doi id isbn 0 674 34116 3 game theory Category Game theory Category Utility ... more details
Infobox software name Directory Utility logo Image Directory Utility Logo.png screenshot caption Directory Access Services tab developer Apple Computer latest release version 2.0.1 294.1 latest release date August 5, 2009 operating system Mac OS X genre Utility license Proprietary software Proprietary website URL http www.apple.com macosx Directory Utility is a utility included with the Mac OS X operating system to configure connections to directory services . In OS X 10.6 and up, Directory Utility is in the System Library CoreServices it can be accessed through the GUI via the Accounts System Preferences panel, after clicking Join next to Network Account Server, and then clicking Open Directory Utility. ref cite web last Griffiths first Rob url https www.macworld.com article 142495 2009 08 snowleopardwhatsgonewhere.html title Snow Leopard What s gone where & 124 Mac OS X publisher Macworld date accessdate 2011 09 18 ref ref cite web author wallsbk url http hints.macworld.com article.php?story 20090928101901621 title 10.6 Use Directory Utility in Snow Leopard Mac OS X Hints publisher Hints.macworld.com date accessdate 2011 09 18 ref Prior to Mac OS X 10.5 this tool was named Directory Access. See also Apple Open Directory References reflist Mac OS X Category Mac OS X mac stub it Accesso Directory uk Directory Utility zh Directory Utility ... more details
unreferenced date January 2012 Image UtilityVault.JPG thumb right 175px A open Utility Vault. ELEC on cover indicates Electrical Equipment Wires. A utility vault is an underground room providing access to subterranean public utility equipment, such as valve s for water or natural gas pipes, or switchgear for electrical or telecommunication s equipment. Utility vaults are commonly constructed out of reinforced concrete box es, poured cement or brick. Small ones are usually entered through a manhole or grate on the topside. Such vaults are considered confined space s and can be hazardous to enter. Large utility vaults are similar to mechanical room mechanical or electrical room s in design and content. See also Utility tunnel Utilidor Common utility duct Dartford Cable Tunnel External links http www.precast.org vault faq.htm National Precast Concrete Association Category Public utilities Category Rooms Category Subterranea geography room stub ... more details
Category utility is a measure of category goodness defined in Harvtxt Gluck Corter 1985 and Harvtxt Corter ... for the category utility measure is similar to the Information gain in decision trees information ... to the mutual information , as discussed below. A review of category utility in its probabilistic ... 262 . Probability theoretic definition of the Category Utility The probability theoretic definition of category utility given in Harvtxt Fisher 1987 and Harvtxt Witten Frank 2005 is as follows math ... . The motivation and development of this expression for category utility , and the role of the multiplicand ... structure. Information theoretic definition of the Category Utility The information theoretic definition of category utility for a set of entities with size math n math binary feature set ... utility will, in the above formulation, be negative ??? . Category Utility and Mutual Information ... utility is equivalent to the mutual information . Here we provide a simple demonstration of the nature ... v i in F a p v i log p v i end align math If we will rewrite the original Category utility Definition of the Category Utility definition of the category utility from above, with math C c, bar c math , we ... math textstyle sum f i in F math in the category utility equation runs over independent ... of category utility to ordinality Like the mutual information , the category utility is not sensitive ... utility is concerned, the category set code small,medium,large,jumbo code is not qualitatively different than the category set code desk,fish,tree,mop code since the formulation of the category utility ... fred,joe,bob,sue,elaine code . As far as the category utility or mutual information are concerned, all category and feature variables are nominal variables. For this reason, category utility does not reflect ... such as the category utility , and some of the history that lead to the development of this particular ... thinking about category goodness, including the notion of category utility quotation The ends ... more details
Utilitarianism expanded Problems The utility monster is a thought experiment in the study of ethics . It was created by philosopher Robert Nozick in 1974 as a criticism of utilitarianism . In the thought experiment, a hypothetical being is proposed who receives as much or more utility from each additional unit of a resource he consumes as the first unit he consumes. In other words, the utility monster is not subject to diminishing marginal returns with regard to utility, but instead experiences constant marginal returns, or even increasing marginal returns. Since ordinary people receive less utility with each additional unit consumed, if the utility monster existed, the doctrine of utilitarianism would justify the mistreatment and perhaps annihilation of everyone else, according to Nozick s argument. In his words Utilitarian theory is embarrassed by the possibility of utility monsters who get enormously greater sums of utility from any sacrifice of others than these others lose . . . the theory seems to require that we all be sacrificed in the monster s maw, in order to increase total utility. ref Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia 1974 ref This thought experiment attempts to show that utilitarianism is not actually egalitarian , even though it appears to be at first glance. It is the opposite of the mere addition paradox , which argues that utilitarianism may lead to a very heavily populated world. See also Average and total utilitarianism References reflist Category Utilitarianism Category Thought experiments in ethics lt Laim s monstras ... more details
A utility room is a room within a house where equipment that are not used in day to day activities are kept. Utility refers to an item which is designed for usefulness or practical use, so in turn most of the items kept in this room have functional attributes. A utility room is generally the area where laundry is done, and is the descendant of the scullery room scullery . ref cite web title Utility ... 17 ref ref cite web title Utility Room url http www.learnersdictionary.com search utility 20room work Merriam Webster, Incorporated accessdate 2010 03 17 ref ref cite web title Organized Utility Room url http www.hihut.com organized utility room.html work Hi Hut accessdate 2010 03 17 ref Utility room ... 200px Laundry equipment within a room The utility room has several uses but typically functions ... , Ironing ironing boards and clothes iron . ref cite web title Utility Room Laundry Aids url http .... ref cite web title Utility Room Closet Organizers url http www.utilityrooms.com closetorganizers work Utility Rooms.com accessdate 2010 03 17 ref ref cite web title Utility Room Storage Cabinets url ... Utility Room Trash url http www.utilityrooms.com trashcans work UtilityRooms.com accessdate 2010 03 17 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref History The utility room was a modern spin off to the scullery ... 03 17 ref The term utility room was mentioned in 1760, when a cottage was built in a rural location in the United Kingdom that was accessible through Penarth and Cardiff . ref cite web title utility room history url http www.google.com search?q utility room history&hl en&sa X&tbo p&tbs tl 1,tl num ... Google Timeline Search for Publications on Utility Room accessdate 2010 03 17 ref A utility room for general ... title Utility Rooms url http news.google.com newspapers?id ahIwAAAAIBAJ&sjid 204DAAAAIBAJ&pg 2960,5453559&dq utility room history&hl en work St. Petersburg Times Aug 3, 1946 accessdate 2010 03 17 ref An American publication, the Pittsburgh Post Gazette, on July 24, 1949 ref cite web title Utility Room ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 Confusing date February 2009 The Utility pattern is a software pattern that is used for utility Class computer science class es that do not require instantiation and only have static method s. The state computer science stateless class is designated as static so that no instance can be created. Good candidates for utility classes are convenience methods that can be grouped together functionally. Furthermore, methods in Utility classes are usually deterministic. As the Utility class is stateless, all parameters in each method must pass all necessary information to the method. Example in C public static class LogUtil public static void LogError String message MyLogger logger new MyLogger logger.LogError message public static void LogWarning String message MyLogger logger new MyLogger logger.LogWarning message public static void LogInfo String message MyLogger logger new MyLogger logger.LogInfo message A simple example showing how the utility methods are used class MyProgram static void Main String args if args.Length 0 Call our utility helper methods. Note that these are static methods that are called directly off the class. LogUtil.LogError User ran app with arguments else LogUtil.LogInfo Running program. Run See also Utility class Category Software design patterns Compu prog stub ... more details
System utility may refer to System software System utility system engineering Disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
The Utility Clothing Scheme was a rationing scheme introduced in the United Kingdom by the British government during World War II . In response to the shortage of clothing materials and labour due to the requirements of the war effort, the Board of Trade sponsored the creation of ranges of utility clothing meeting tight specifications regarding the amount of material and labour allowed to be used in their construction. Utility clothing, and later utility furniture , was marked with the CC41 mark. ref cite web url http www.hullcc.gov.uk museumcollections collections storydetail.php?irn 233&master 455 title 1940s Fashion Utility scheme publisher Hull City Council accessdate 2012 01 01 ref In spite of its austere specification, utility clothing designs were commissioned from leading fashion designers including Hardy Amies , Norman Hartnell and other members of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers . ref cite web url http www.nationalarchives.gov.uk podcasts fashion or ration.htm title Fashion or ration Hartnell, Amies and dressing for the Blitz publisher The National Archives author Robert Daoust date 18 Feb 2010 ref References reflist See also Limitation of Supplies Cloth and Apparel Order 1941 Utility Cloth Maximum Price Order Utility Clothing Maximum Prices and Charges Order Category Austerity Britain Category Rationing and licensing Category United Kingdom home front during World War II Category 1940s fashion fashion stub ... more details
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