Vacuum is the absence of matter. Vacuum may also refer to Science and natural phenomenon Suction , the flow of fluid into an area with a lower pressure Vacuum arc , when electrodes emit an electric arc or spark in a vacuumVacuum state , the quantum state with the lowest possible energy False vacuum , in Quantum field theory, a metastable vacuum state that is not the lowest energy state QED vacuum , the vacuum state of quantum electrodynamics QCD vacuum , the vacuum state of quantum chromodynamics Devices Vacuum cleaner , a home appliance which uses suction to remove dirt Vacuum pump , used to remove gas molecules from a sealed volume to yield a partial vacuumVacuum brake , which uses vacuum to actuate brake pistons, once used with railroad trains Vacuum flask , a container which uses a region of vacuum to insulate its contents Vacuum furnace , a very high temperature furnace which uses vacuum insulation Vacuum servo , used on motor vehicles to increase braking force applied by the driver Vacuum tube , or valve , a device that relies on the flow of electric current through a vacuum. Engineering techniques and phenomenon Vacuum packing , a method of storing food or material by keeping it in an airless environment Vacuum grease , any lubricant used for applications in low pressure environments Manifold vacuum , the pressure difference between an internal combustion engine s intake manifold and atmosphere Ultra high vacuum , a terrestrial vacuum achieved by pumping all matter out of a region to as great an extent as is possible, resulting at present in a pressure of less than 10 sup 7 sup pascal Other Vacuum Oil Company , an 1866 US petroleum company, now part of ExxonMobil Vacuum band , a musical group from Sweden. Power vacuum , a political situation lacking an obvious central authority or leadership The Vacuum , a monthly newspaper published in Belfast disambiguation es Vac o desambiguaci n fr Vacuum homonymie it Vuoto ja simple Vacuum ... more details
Image Vacuum issue 5 Bloody Fore.jpg thumb The cover of the Bloody Foreigners issue of The Vacuum , 2003, illustration by Duncan Ross. The Vacuum is a free bi monthly newspaper published in Belfast , Northern Ireland by the arts organisation Factotum arts organisation Factotum . Each issue is themed and contains critical commentary about the city and broader cultural issues. 15,000 copies of the paper are produced and distributed in bar, cafes and other public spaces. The paper was first published in January 2003. A Topical Newspaper Each issue of The Vacuum is centred on a topical theme, around which writers and artists are commissioned to produce articles and illustrations. These themes can be open ended such as in the Fantasy issue when contributors were simply asked to describe one of their fantasies or more specific such as the Nostalgia issue which contained articles on Troubles Nostalgia and Marketing Nostalgia . Most issues contain a range of writing from social commentary, through satire to farce, focused on one area of discussion. Rarely does The Vacuum avoid controversy, no matter what its chosen issue. Some of the past topics have included Image Vacuum issue 15 cover God .jpg thumb The Cover of the God issue of the Vacuum which, along with the Satan issue caused protests ... with closure, see below Waste Security Contributors to The Vacuum have included writers such as Glenn ... Haughey . 2004 Controversy Image Vacuum issue 21 Sorry .jpg thumb The Cover of the Sorry issue of The Vacuum ... apologised to the citizens of Belfast for any offence caused. The Vacuum responded by publishing ... is still awaited. The Vacuum post controversy The Vacuum has continued to publish but now comes ... in the photography gallery Belfast Exposed . Both this gallery and the offices of The Vacuum ... Quarter, Belfast The Northern Whig Newspaper External links http www.thevacuum.org.uk Vacuum Homepage ... National Secular Society DEFAULTSORT Vacuum Category British satirical magazines Category ... more details
PLEASE READ Wikipedia Disambiguation dos and don ts BEFORE EDITING Vacuum cooking may refer to Vacuum flask cooking Sous vide Sousvide Supreme disambiguation ... more details
Vacuum engineering deals with technological processes and equipment that use vacuum to achieve better results than those run under atmospheric pressure . The most widespread applications of vacuum technology are Pyrolytic chromium carbide coating Antireflecting glass Glass colouring Vacuum impregnation Vacuum coating Vacuum drying Vacuum coaters are capable of applying various types of coatings on metal , glass , plastic or ceramic surfaces, providing best quality, thickness and color uniformity ever. Vacuum dryers can be used for delicate materials and save up significant energy quantities due to lower drying temperatures. See also Negative pressure Suction Vacuum chamber Ultra high vacuumVacuum gauge Vacuum pump Vacuum flange Vacuum grease Vacuum deposition Vacuum evaporation Vacuum tube Vacuum oven Vacuum arc remelting Vacuum furnace Vacuum casting Vacuum plasmaspraying Vacuum packing Vacuum induction melting Materials for use in vacuum Brazing Vacuum brazing Joining materials DEFAULTSORT Vacuum Engineering Category Vacuum systems Category Vacuum pumps Category Engineering disciplines engineering stub ca Enginyeria del buit cs Vakuov technika de Vakuumtechnik es T cnicas de vac o fr Technique du vide fi Tyhji tekniikka ... more details
Vacuum valve may refer to Trickle valve , a type of airlock Vacuum breaker , an anti siphon valve Vacuum delay valve , an automobile component Vacuum tube , an electron tube or thermionic valve disambig ... more details
Vacuum molding most commonly refers to the vacuum molding casting metal casting process . It may also refer to Vacuum forming , a plastic forming process Vacuum bag molding , a composite material forming process disambig ... more details
Vacuum casting may refer to Casting filling , the general casting concept of using a vacuum to fill a mold cavity Vacuum casting elastomers , the casting technique for elastomers Vacuum molding casting , a type of sand casting disambig ... more details
High vacuum may refer to A vacuum with pressure in the range from 100 mPa to 100 nPa High Vacuum , the 1957 novel by Charles Eric Maine disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Distinguish Manifold vacuum For the type of laboratory glassware Schlenk line In quantum field theory , the vacuum state may be degenerate . Each pure vacuum state generates its own superselection sector . The space of all pure vacuum states often has a manifold structure and is called the vacuum manifold . Vacuum manifolds arise during the process of spontaneous symmetry breaking from a group G to a subgroup H and the corresponding vacuum manifold has to be a realization of G and contain the quotient space G H. In many cases, it would simply be G H, although it could be larger. Not all vacuum manifolds arise due to spontaneous symmetry breaking. Supersymmetric models often contain moduli space s which is another name for the vacuum manifold. In many cases, the vacuum manifold is parameterized by the values of permissible vacuum expectation value s. This is not the case for spontaneous symmetry breaking due to fermion condensate fermion condensation , though. If the vacuum manifold is homotopy homotopically nontrivial, it s possible for there to be topological sector s. DEFAULTSORT Vacuum Manifold Category Quantum field theory Quantum stub ... more details
Image Vacuum chamber being opened by engineer.jpeg thumb right A large vacuum chamber. Image studio vacuum chamber.jpg thumb right A small vacuum chamber for studio or lab use in de airing materials such as mold rubbers and resins. File Vacuum Chamber Package testing.jpg thumb right Vacuum chamber for testing leaks in packaging A vacuum chamber is a rigid enclosure from which air and other gases are removed by a vacuum pump . The resulting low pressure, commonly referred to as a vacuum . A vacuum ... must operate in outer space for example or for processes such as vacuum drying or vacuum coating. Chambers .... Only Materials for use in vacuum some materials are suitable for vacuum use. Chambers often have multiple ports, covered with vacuum flange s, to allow instruments or windows to be installed in the walls of the chamber. In low to medium vacuum applications, these are sealed with elastomer o ring s. In higher vacuum applications, the flanges have hardened steel knives welded onto them, which cut into a copper gasket when the flange is bolted on. A type of vacuum chamber frequently used in the field of spacecraft engineering is a Thermal Vacuum Chamber , which provides a thermal environment representing what a spacecraft would experience in space. Vacuum Chamber Materials Vacuum chambers can be constructed of many materials. Metals are arguably the most prevalent vacuum chamber materials. ref cite web last Danielson first PHil title Choosing the Right Vacuum Materials url http www.vacuumlab.com Articles VacLab36.pdf publisher The Vacuum Lab accessdate 2 10 12 ref The strength, pressure ... Steel Aluminum Mild Steel Brass High Density Ceramic Glass Acrylic Vacuum Degassing Vacuum degassing is the process of using vacuum to remove gases from compounds which become entrapped in the mixture when mixing the components. ref cite web title Vacuum Degassing Epoxy & Silicone url http www.lacotech.com ... resin and silicone rubbers and slower setting harder resins, a vacuum chamber is required. A small ... more details
Wikify date February 2012 Unreferenced date March 2009 A vacuum table is a system for holding workpieces during machining. The device consists of a perforated table top containing a vacuum chamber, and a vacuum pump to keep the vacuum chamber below ambient enough pressure. The workpiece is placed on the top of the vacuum chamber, and thus held down by the pressure differential between the vacuum chamber and the outside air. A Vacuum Table consists of a typically flat rigid surface in which exists small holes or channels in which to evacuate air from under a workpiece, as to apply varying vacuum ... commonly used machine in a machine shop environment. The main purpose of the Vacuum Table is to allow full access to all sides of a machined part, except the side in which the part contacts Vacuum Table. A Vacuum Table is similar to a Magnetic Clamping Table in use, typically, to the same end as a Vacuum Table except instead of vacuum, the Magnetic Table uses electro magnetic attraction to restrain ferrous materials to the table facilitating ease of access for modern machining. A Vacuum Table ... 14 PSI at sea level. To use a vacuum table one must place the work upon the table and use air dams around the work to minimize lose of vacuum to atmospheric pressure. This maximizes force to the work ..., anything that can resist the vacuum force sufficient to vacuum applied and thus clamping force. Also the Air Dams may provide a closer seal that light vacuum applied to delicate parts can be used. Air dams are not entirely required in the use of a Vacuum Table but they can be when the source of vacuum is limited. As a vacuum pump, generally, is designed for high vacuum as opposed to high volume, air dams can be used, again, to increase clamping force. A source for vacuum in some applications may be as simple as a typical shop vac or vacuum cleaner, in light application. Vacuum pumps are the usual vacuum source. Vacuum tables are also used in other industries besides machining. In the furniture ... more details
A vacuum breaker is an attachment commonly placed on a bibcock valve or Flush toilet toilet or urinal restroom urinal Sloan Valve Company flush valve , that prevents water from being siphon ed backward into the public drinking water system. This prevents contamination should the public drinking water system s pressure drop. A vacuum breaker typically contains a plastic disc that is pressed forward by water supply pressure, and covers small vent holes. Should the supply pressure drop, the disc springs back opening the vent holes which let in outside air , and preventing backflow of water. A more complex valve that accomplishes much the same purpose is the Backflow prevention device backflow preventer . Vacuum relief valve s are sometimes known as vacuum breakers. External links http www.spiraxsarco.com resources steam engineering tutorials pipeline ancillaries gauges sight glasses vacuum breakers.asp head25 Vacuum Breakers Tutorial Vacuum breakers protect plant and process equipment against vacuum conditions, typically associated with cooling. See also Atmospheric vacuum breaker Check valve Category Plumbing valves ... more details
unreferenced date December 2009 TOC right Prior to effective engine control unit computers, engine vacuum was used for many functions in an automobile . Vacuum switches were employed to regulate this flow ... vacuum motor s, other vacuum switches and other devices. The internal combustion engine in a common automobile produces almost 20 inches 51 cm of vacuum, citation needed date December 2009 and this pressure differential may be harnessed for many uses. Engine vacuum is also the best direct source ... common types of vacuum switches. Many are completely useless outside of their exact designed role. Check valve A valve that only allows the vacuum signal to move in one direction. Often used with vacuum reservoirs. Delay valve A vacuum delay valve is a valve with a small orifice, which delays a vacuum signal. These are commonly used in automobiles to alter the behavior of a vacuum signal ... to as a Temperature Vacuum Switch TVS or Thermal Vacuum Valve TVV . The CTO switch measures coolant ... for switching the vacuum advance from ported vacuum to manifold vacuum at high engine temperatures ... have between two and five vacuum ports. Thermostatically controlled air cleaner system The factory ... in to the carburetor above a certain temperature to prevent icing. Non linear vacuum regulator A NLVR regulates vacuum signal so it is between two vacuum source levels. As one signal increases the other regulator valve switches to another vacuum source. Bleed valve A bleed valve controls a metered orifice that adjusts to allow air into the line to weaken a vacuum signal. They are commonly controlled by coolant temperature or under hood air temperature, but may be part of the HVAC system. Vacuum booster A vacuum booster uses one vacuum signal, usually ported, to control another signal, usually ... of the air inside the engine s crankcase. citation needed date December 2009 Vacuum electrical switch A vacuum switch that turns an electrical connection on or off. Used for early electronic control ... more details
A vacuum fryer is a deep frying device housed inside a vacuum chamber. It was originally developed for potato chip production. Vacuum fryers are fit to process low quality potato es that contain higher sugar levels than normal, as they frequently have to be processed in spring and early summer before the potatoes from the new harvest become available. With vacuum frying it is easier to maintain natural ... , China and Indonesia batch type vacuum fryers are mainly used for the production of fruit chips. However ... working vacuum fryers For larger production quantities, continuously working vacuum fryers are available. In these installations, the vacuum frying pan is installed in a stainless steel vacuum tube. The infeed ... of the vacuum tube prevents air from entering the vacuum zone, and a belt system takes the product from one zone to another. The vacuum is created by vacuum pump s, and the whole system is controlled ... often as it is sensitive to temperature changes. Continuously working vacuum fryers lead to a longer lifetime of the frying oil and therefore lower the production costs. Vacuum fryers can also reduce ... of vacuum fryer. References div class references small C. GRANDA, R.G. MOREIRA, S.E. TICHY 2004 Reduction of Acrylamide Formation in Potato Chips by Low temperature Vacuum Frying Journal of Food Science ... about vacuum frying in the Indonesia http ift.confex.com ift 2002 techprogram paper 10613.htm Report about a research project about vacuum frying in the US http www.simply thai.com thai market twin trees vacuum fried products entry page.htm Vacuum fried fruit chips from Thailand http www.blackwell ... in potato chips by vacuum frying http www.qhdth.net en index.asp National Standard Maker & Top Manufacturer of Vacuum Fryer in Asia http www.bma worldwide.com products food continuous vacuum frying systems.html Manufacturer of Vacuum Fryers http www.worldfoodscience.org cms ?pid 1001723 Report about vacuum fried snacks Category Food industry Category Food technology Category Cooking appliances ... more details
inline date April 2009 for vacuum workholding systems vacuum table File Vacuum bed 18.jpg thumb Vacuum bed A vacuum bed is a device sometimes used in BDSM play. A person is placed in a latex envelope spanned by a frame and a suction pump or floor vacuum removes most of the air in the envelope. The frame can be either a simple rectangle of pierced pvc pipes, joined by pvc joints, or three dimensional frames of various sizes, with a similar pvc construction. There are several ways that the vacuum bed can be designed to facilitate breathing. The most common is a tube running from outside of the vacuum bed into the person s mouth. A second option is a reinforced hole that is positioned so that the mouth protrudes. A third option is a reinforced gasket through which one forces the entire head. Incorporating a related fetish, some vacuum beds use a gas mask to facilitate respiration. The vacuum bed is both a bondage and sensation device. The user is unable to move significantly although some wiggling is possible , and is unable to speak or see, depending on the breathing hole used. In addition, though, the sensation of the vacuum bed itself, as well as any other play stroking, percussion, vibrations are quite pleasurable, and some are much more intense than what would be experienced without the vacuum bed. The vacuum bed must be used with the aid of another person, as the user cannot control the vacuum itself, nor escape the vacuum bed unaided. References Margot D. Weiss, Working at Play BDSM Sexuality in the San Francisco Bay Area. Anthropologica 48 2006 , page 234. Published by Canadian Anthropology Society. Commons category Vacuum beds Category BDSM equipment Category Physical restraint bdsm stub de Vakuumbett ru ... more details
Vacuum consolidation or vacuum preloading is a soft soil improvement method that has been successfully used by geotechnical engineers and specialist sof ground improvement companies in countries such as Australia, China, Korea, Thailand and France for soil improvement or land reclamation Chu et al., 2005 . It does not necessarily require surcharge fill and vacuum loads of 80kPa or greater can, typically, be maintained for as long as required. However, if loads of 80kPa or greater are needed in order to achieve the target soil improvement, additional surcharge may be placed on top of the vacuum system. The vacuum preloading method is cheaper and faster than the fill surcharge method for an equivalent load in suitable areas. Where the underlying ground consists of permeable materials, such as sand or sandy clay, the cost of the technique will be significantly increased due to the requirement of cut off walls into non permeable layers to seal off the vacuum. It has been suggested by Carter et al. 2005 that the settlement resulting from vacuum preloading is less than that from a surcharge load of the same magnitude as vacuum consolidation is influenced by drainage boundary conditions. References Carter, J.P., Chai, J.C. & Hayashi, S. 2005 . Ground Deformation Induced by Vacuum Consolidation. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Vol 131, Iss 12, pp 187 192 . Chu, J. & Yan, S.W. 2005 . Estimation of Degree of Consolidation for Vacuum Preloading Projects. International Journal of Geomechanics. Vol 5, Iss 2, pp 187 192 . Category Vacuum ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Vacuum grease is a lubricant with low volatility and is used for applications in low pressure environments. Lubricants with higher volatility would evaporate, causing two problems They would not be present to provide lubrication. They would make lowering the pressure below their vapor pressure difficult. As well as a lubricant, vacuum grease is also used as a sealant for joints in vacuum system s. This is usually limited to soft vacuums, as ultra high vacuum or high temperatures may give problems with the grease outgassing . Grease is most commonly used with glass vacuum systems. ref Cite book title Introduction to the Theory and Practice of High Vacuum Technology last Ward first L. last2 Bunn first2 J.P. publisher Butterworths year 1967 page 130 ref harv ref All metal systems usually use knife edge seals in soft metals instead. Where O ring seals are used, these should not be greased in static seals at least as it can cause the O rings to become permanently distorted when compressed. ref harvnb Ward Bunn 1967 , p. 115 ref In electronics manufacturing processes, vacuum grease is often used to prevent corrosion. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Vacuum Grease Category Vacuum systems Grease Category Lubricants Material stub de Vakuumfett ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 Vacuum fusion is an analytical chemistry technique, used for determining the oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes nitrogen content of metals. While ineffective when used on alkali metals alkali or earth metals , vacuum fusion remains a viable means when applied to almost all other metals. Category Analytical chemistry DEFAULTSORT Vacuum Fusion Chem stub ... more details
A vacuum splint is a device like a small vacuum mattress that is used in emergency medicine as a temporary splint . Vacuum splints operate by extracting air from the splint itself to enable the thousands of polystyrene balls inside the splint to mold around the injured body part similar to a orthopedic cast . Vacuum splints are primarily used by paramedics over the world to splint Physical trauma trauma related injuries joint dislocation subluxation and extremity fractures . Advantages of the vacuum splint include the ability to provide support whilst relieving pressure at the injury site and the ability to conform to any shape. The limb may also be x rayed with the splint in situ. ref cite web title The vaccuum splint an aid in emergency treatment of fractures url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC1946941 pdf canmedaj01567 0040.pdf work CMA Journal ref References references DEFAULTSORT Vacuum Splint Category Emergency medical equipment Treatment stub it Steccobenda ... more details
A vacuum sanitary sewer sewer system uses the differential pressure between atmospheric pressure and a partial vacuum maintained in the piping network and vacuum station collection vessel. This differential pressure allows a central vacuum station to collect the wastewater of several thousand individual homes, depending on terrain and the local situation. Vacuum sewers take advantage of available natural slope in the terrain and are most economical in flat sand y soils with high ground water . Vacuum ... vacuum sewerage was the Dutch engineer Liernur in the second half of the 19th century. It was only used on ships, trains and airplanes for a long time. Technical implementations of vacuum sewerage systems ... covers land based vacuum systems but the technology is also used on aircraft, ships, trains ... vacuum systems as well as vacuum toilets which can reduce the amount of water flushed away to less than 1 litre per flush. The NASA Space Shuttle uses vacuum toilet technology to reduce water requirements. Basic elements Collection chambers and vacuum valve units Monitoring system for collection chambers and vacuum valve units Vacuum sewer lines Central vacuum station Vacuum technology is based on differential air pressure. Rotary vane vacuum pumps generate an operation pressure of 0.4 to 0.6 bar at the vacuum station, which is also the only element of the vacuum sewerage system that must be supplied ... by the vacuum itself. While the valve is open, the resulting differential pressure between atmosphere and vacuum becomes the driving force and transports the wastewater towards the vacuum station. Besides ... system for remote monitoring of the vacuum valves and sump pits. Such systems allow much faster trouble ... systems are optional systems and not required for operation of vacuum sewer systems. Vacuum sewer ... areas. For this reason, vacuum sewer lines may even be laid in the same trench as potable water ... transport, the vacuum sewer line is laid in a saw tooth length profile, which will be referred to more ... more details
A vacuum engine derives its force from air pressure against one side of the piston, which has a Vacuum partial vacuum on the other side of it. At the beginning of an outstroke, a valve in the head of the cylinder opens and admits a charge of burning gas and air, which is trapped by the closing of the valve and expands. Towards the end of the stroke the charge comes into contact with a water or air cooled part of the cylinder and is chilled, causing a sudden drop in pressure sufficient to suck the piston which is open towards the crank back on the return stroke. The valve opens again in time for the piston to expel the burnt gases before the next outstroke begins. History main History of the internal combustion engine Some early gas engine s worked on the vacuum or atmospheric principle in a similar way to the Newcomen steam engine . A mixture of gas and air was drawn into the cylinder and ignited the mixture expanded and part of it escaped through the exhaust valve the valve then closed, the mixture cooled and contracted, and atmospheric pressure pushed the piston in. Such engines were very inefficient and were superseded by engines working on the Otto cycle . Vacuum motor In a vacuum motor, the partial vacuum is created by an external pump. These motors were commonly used to power Turntable rail railway turntables in the UK , using vacuum created by a steam locomotive s vacuum brake ejector. The operating principle is identical to a steam engine in both cases power is extracted from a difference in pressure. Small vacuum motors were also used to operate windscreen wiper s in automobile s. In this case, the motors were powered by manifold vacuum . This arrangement was not very satisfactory because, if the throttle was opened wide, the wipers would slow down. Modern automobiles use electrically powered wipers. See also Hot air engine External links http www.youtube.com watch?v 7p 1QO1iG9M Concept illustration Category Engines engineering stub ca Motor de buit de Vakuummotor ... more details
distinguish Vacuum deposition nofootnotes date August 2009 wikify date August 2009 Vacuum coating is a mechanized process for applying coatings to lengths of materials. Process The product passes through the portion of the coater known as the application chamber at a constant speed of up to 500 per minute.. As it enters the chamber it passes through a template which has the same shape hole, or profile, in itself to the shape of the product passing through. As it exits the chamber, it passes through another template called the exit template that also has a similar matching profile. Paint is drawn from a reservoir by a diaphragm pump, filtered for large particles, and delivered through a hole into the bottom of the coater head. The fluid delivery diaphragm pump is by definition low shear and under low pressure. The level of the coating then rises within the head until the part passing through is completely surrounded or immersed. A vacuum is applied to the reservoir and the application chamber ... coating is what determines the wet film thickness applied. The amount removed is subject to the vacuum ... up and over a baffle and drains to the reservoir. Image vacuum coating exit template.jpg thumb 200px Exit template view of a remote vacuum coating head The amount of vacuum applied to the system regulates the resulting coating thickness applied to the board. In a perfect system too much vacuum ... vacuum would allow the coating head to fill sufficiently with coating where it would run out of the space created between template and product. Vacuum coating differs from vacuum deposition in that the vacuum ... varying coating thicknesses between convert 0.001 and 0.008 in um abbr on in thickness. Vacuum deposition is applying a coating while the substrate is under a vacuum and applies the coating in very ... Vacuum Application of UV Coatings http www.pcimag.com Articles Feature Article cce9edee696a7010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0 Paint Trade Magazine External links http www.svc.org Society of Vacuum Coaters Category ... more details
POV date April 2011 A vacuum sewer system uses the differential pressure between atmospheric pressure and a partial vacuum maintained in the piping network and vacuum station collection vessel. This differential pressure allows a central vacuum station to collect the wastewater of several thousand individual homes, depending on terrain and the local situation. Vacuum sewers take advantage of available .... Vacuum sewers were first installed in Europe in 1882 but until the last 30 years it had been relegated to a niche market. The first who has applied the negative pressure drainage so called vacuum sewerage ..., trains and airplanes for a long time. Technical implementations of vacuum sewerage systems were ... Collection chambers and vacuum valve units Monitoring system for collection chambers and vacuum valve units Vacuum sewer lines Central vacuum station Vacuum technology is based on differential air pressure. Rotary vane vacuum pumps generate an operation pressure of 0.4 to 0.6 bar at the vacuum station, which is also the only element of the vacuum sewerage system that must be supplied with electricity ... is needed to open or close the valve. The according energy is provided by the vacuum itself. While the valve is open, the resulting differential pressure between atmosphere and vacuum becomes the driving force and transports the wastewater towards the vacuum station. Besides these collection .... Vacuum sewer systems are considered to be free of ex and infiltration which allows the usage even in water protection areas. For this reason, vacuum sewer lines may even be laid in the same trench ... reliable transport, the vacuum sewer line is laid in a saw tooth length profile, which will be referred to more precisely afterwards. The whole vacuum sewers are filled with air at a pressure of 0.4 ... according to the pressure in the system. Considering that the vacuum idea relies on external energy .... Once arrived in the vacuum collection tank at the vacuum station, the wastewater is pumped ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 advert January 2009 primarysources April 2009 Vacuum massage is a type of therapeutic massage which is used for body sculpting, cellulite reduction and to treat such diseases as osteochondrosis , colds, bronchitis and pneumonia . The medical effect of this massage is realized by means of vacuum that causes the local rush of blood and lymph to skin from deep lying tissues, which exerts the reflex influence on vessels of internal organs. Usually vacuum massage is performed by using rubber glass, a small silicone massager. Citation needed date June 2008 Vacuum massage is believed to be one of the most trusted and efficient treatment against cellulite. Citation needed date June 2008 It smooths hypodermic fat layer and skin becomes more elastic. Vacuum massage technique The massage is easy to perform. There are three simple rules the massaged area must be greased well never use rubber glass on dry skin , use three massage movements straight line, circular and zigzag repeat each 5 6 times , control the vacuum massage doesn t have to be painful. Massage each area at least for 5 minutes. Vacuum massage benefits Effective against cellulite Easy to perform Doesn t require much time and special preparation Inexpensive Multifunctional Category Massage therapy ... more details
for the vacuum pressure measurement Inch of mercury A mercury vacuum is a vacuum cleaner specifically designed to collect mercury element mercury , for instance to clean up spills of the element. ref http www.labsafety.com search mercury vacuum 24549648 ?isredirect true Example vacuum for liquid mercury spills and granular mercury compounds while eliminating mercury vapors. ref See also Mercury poisoning , a disease caused by exposure to the element mercury or its toxic compounds Mercury Policy Project , an organization that works to promote policies to control the distribution of the element mercury Mercury containing and Rechargeable Battery Management Act , a 1996 United States law to phase out the use of mercury in batteries Poison control External links http www.sylvane.com nilfisk vt mercury.html An example of a mercury vacuum References Reflist Industry stub Category Laboratory equipment Category Mercury element ... more details
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