Image Shuguang 845.jpg thumb 150px right A modern China Chinese made 845 tube The 845 power triode is a radio frequency radio transmitter transmitting vacuumtube which can also be used as an valve audio amplifier audio amplifier and modulation tube. Typically, the plate electrode plate is machined from solid graphite in order to accommodate high Electric current current dissipation up to 100 watt s and voltage . Some current production 845 tubes have metal plates. The 845 tube has a bayonet mount and Thorium dioxide thoriated Electrical filament filament s which glow like lightbulb s when powered up. The glass envelope is about 2 5 16 in diameter and 6 inches tall, with the a total tube height of about 7 7 8 inches. It was first released by RCA in 1931. It saw extensive use in RCA AM radio transmitters External links http www.r type.org exhib aai0201.htm 845 The National Valve Museum http www.oldradio.com archives stations LA krlapix.htm KLRA Broadcast History Category Vacuum tubes electronics stub ... more details
FORCETOC In vacuumtube technology, HT or high tension describes the main power supply to the circuit, which produces the current between anode and cathode . It is also known as the plate supply or voltage, B battery supply, or simply labeled B on circuit diagram s, from the days of battery vacuumtube battery powered circuitry . EHT or extra high tension similarly describes the accelerating voltage for a cathode ray tube such as used in a television , computer monitor or cathode ray oscilloscope . The HT supply circuit most commonly provides a Electrical polarity positive voltage of some hundreds of volts to the anode or plate and in later circuits also to the screen grid , with the cathode running at near ground or chassis potential. The main exception to this was in the case of tubes with water cooled anodes, once used for radio transmission , electric furnace s and similar applications. These tubes used a negative HT supply to the cathode, so that the anode could run near ground DC potential but typically at many hundreds of volts of radio frequency RF . Other power supplies to vacuumtube circuits include LT, low tension or Battery vacuumtube A battery A battery , the supply to the heater filament s. If directly heated vacuum tubes are used, there might be several of these. For example, in mains powered equipment directly heated full wave rectifier tubes such as the 5Y3 commonly provide the HT supply, and required a devoted, often 5V, heater circuit. For other tubes, 6.3V ... . Some specialized battery valves had 2V heaters. GB, grid bias or Battery vacuumtube C battery C ... HT supply circuit schematic Expand section date July 2011 EHT In vacuumtube television set s, the EHT ... self bias ed. EHT or Extra High Tension , the accelerator supply to a cathode ray tube , normally negative to supply the tube cathode in order to keep the screen at near chassis potential. This supply ... Television Museum article on efficiency diodes Category History of telecommunications Category Vacuum ... more details
Use mdy dates date September 2010 This is a list of vacuumtube computers , arranged by date put into service class wikitable Computer Date Notes Atanasoff Berry Computer 1942 Not Turing complete Colossus computer 1943 Special purpose cryptanalysis ENIAC 1946 IBM SSEC 1948 IBM 604 1948 Manchester Small Scale Experimental Machine 1948 IBM CPC 1949 Manchester Mark 1 1949 CSIRAC 1949 Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator EDSAC 1949 BINAC 1949 UNIVAC 1101 1950 SEAC computer SEAC 1950 SWAC computer SWAC 1950 Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer 1950 Harvard Mark III 1950 Pilot ACE 1950 EDVAC 1951 WITCH computer Harwell Dekatron Computer 1951 Whirlwind computer Whirlwind 1951 UNIVAC I 1951 ORDVAC 1951 LEO computer LEO I 1951 Remington Rand 409 1952 Harvard Mark IV 1952 IAS machine 1952 ILLIAC I 1952 MANIAC I 1952 IBM 701 1952 BESM BESM 1, BESM 2 1952 JOHNNIAC 1953 IBM 702 1953 UNIVAC 1103 1953 RAYDAC 1953 Strela computer 1953 IBM 650 1954 IBM 704 1954 IBM 705 1954 BESK 1954 IBM NORC 1954 UNIVAC 1102 1954 DYSEAC 1954 CALDIC 1955 English Electric DEUCE 1955 ICT 1200 series 1955 IBM 305 RAMAC 1956 Bull Gamma 3 1956 Bendix G 15 1956 LGP 30 1956 UNIVAC 1103A 1956 FUJIC 1956 Ferranti Pegasus 1956 SILLIAC 1956 RCA BIZMAC 1956 Konrad Zuse Zuse Z22 computer Z22 1957 DASK 1957 Stantec Zebra 1957 UNIVAC 1104 1957 Ferranti Mercury 1957 IBM 610 1957 FACIT EDB 2 1957 MANIAC II 1957 MISTIC 1957 MUSASINO 1 1957 IBM 709 1958 UNIVAC II 1958 UNIVAC 1105 1958 AN FSQ 7 1958 Largest vacuumtube computer ever built. 52 were built for Project SAGE. Ural computer Ural series 1959 1964 Ferranti Perseus 1958 France SEA CAB 303 1958 TIFRAC 1960 CER 10 1960 Philips Pascal 1960 Sumlock ANITA calculator 1961 Desktop calculator UMC Computer UMC 1 1962 See also List of transistorized computers DEFAULTSORT List Of VacuumTube Computers Category Computing lists Vacuumtube computers Category Vacuum tubes Computers, list of vacuumtube Category Early computers List of vacuumtube computers de ... more details
Wunderlich refers to a series of vacuumtube s introduced in the early 1930s. Wunderlichs were designed to be used as full wave detector radio detectors in amplitude modulation AM radio receivers. However, because of their unusual design, they were rarely used in commercially manufactured receivers. The tube is named for its inventor, Norman Wunderlich. Structure The Wunderlich tube is a twin medium mu triode . The tube has two identical control grids that operate in tandem with a common heater, indirectly heated cathode and plate. Function Typically, the two grids are connected to opposite ends of the center tapped secondary of the final intermediate frequency IF transformer. The center tap of the secondary is then connected to ground through a parallel connected resistor and capacitor circuit. This causes the tube to act as a full wave grid leak detector. In some circuits, the center tap also provides automatic gain control AVC bias voltage to the converter and or IF amplifier. Some Wunderlichs, like the Wunderlich B, have a diode plate or a second grid that provide AVC bias voltage. External links http www.nostalgiaair.org PagesByModel 891 M0010891.pdf Schematic of the Mission Bell model 19 car radio. One of the few radios produced in the United States to use a Wunderlich detector type 70 . http www.radiomuseum.org forum questions about the wunderlich tubes by arcturus.html Radiomuseum.org discussion page about Wunderlich tubes. http www.vacuumtubesinc.com TubeTidbits WunderlichTubes.aspx Vacuum Tubes Inc. article about Wunderlich tubes. Category Analog circuits Category Radio technology Category Vacuum tubes ... more details
to the filament of a vacuumtube. It is sometimes colloquially referred to as a Battery electricity ... voltage of a vacuumtube. It is sometimes colloquially referred to as a dry battery although there s no reason ... bias to the control grid of a vacuumtube . Until the early 1930s this was common practice in valve tube radio sets but was largely superseded by grid leak resistor s or voltage divider biasing . Grid ... for the purpose . The term comes from the days of valve tube radios when it was common practice ... voltage. The filaments in vacuum tubes consumed much more current than the anodes, and so ... batteries in an early radio. Category Battery electricity Category Vacuum tubes Category Battery shapes ... more details
Rogers VacuumTube Company formally named Radio Manufacturing Corporation Limited was founded as Standard Radio Manufacturing in 1925 by Edward S. Rogers, Sr. to sell Rogers Batteryless radio using vacuumtube technology. It was later renamed Rogers Majestic Corporation Limited when Rogers merged his company with Majestic Corporation of Chicago in 1928. The new company controlled Rogers Radio Tube Company and Rogers Batteryless Radio Company . The company founded Toronto radio station CFRB AM CFRB Canada s First Rogers Batteryless in order to promote its invention of a batteryless radio receiver as well as demonstrate his invention of a radio transmitter using batteryless alternating current tubes making CFRB the first all electric radio station in the world. http www.canadianheritage.org enterprises rogers index.htm Rogers Sr. died in 1939 and the company was sold in 1941 to Small Electric Motors Ltd., which soon became the Canadian division of Netherlands Dutch giant Philips Royal Philips Electronics which changed the name of the Rogers Majestic Corporation Limited to Standard Broadcasting Standard Radio Ltd. . http www.broadcasting history.ca listings and histories radio histories.php?id 3988&historyID 180 See also Additron tube References http www.ewh.ieee.org reg 7 millennium alternating current ac halloffame.html The Life of Edward Samuel Rogers Sr. 1900 1939 http www.broadcasting history.ca personalities personalities.php?id 92 Pioneer Member of CAB Hall of Fame Rogers, Edward Samuel Ted Sr. 1900 1939 http telecomottawa.net cmacd tubes.html Charles MacDonald s Electronic tube page http www.broadcasting history.ca listings and histories radio histories.php?id 398&historyID 180 CFRB history Category Rogers Communications ... more details
Image Vacuum issue 5 Bloody Fore.jpg thumb The cover of the Bloody Foreigners issue of The Vacuum , 2003, illustration by Duncan Ross. The Vacuum is a free bi monthly newspaper published in Belfast , Northern Ireland by the arts organisation Factotum arts organisation Factotum . Each issue is themed and contains critical commentary about the city and broader cultural issues. 15,000 copies of the paper are produced and distributed in bar, cafes and other public spaces. The paper was first published in January 2003. A Topical Newspaper Each issue of The Vacuum is centred on a topical theme, around which writers and artists are commissioned to produce articles and illustrations. These themes can be open ended such as in the Fantasy issue when contributors were simply asked to describe one of their fantasies or more specific such as the Nostalgia issue which contained articles on Troubles Nostalgia and Marketing Nostalgia . Most issues contain a range of writing from social commentary, through satire to farce, focused on one area of discussion. Rarely does The Vacuum avoid controversy, no matter what its chosen issue. Some of the past topics have included Image Vacuum issue 15 cover God .jpg thumb The Cover of the God issue of the Vacuum which, along with the Satan issue caused protests ... with closure, see below Waste Security Contributors to The Vacuum have included writers such as Glenn ... Haughey . 2004 Controversy Image Vacuum issue 21 Sorry .jpg thumb The Cover of the Sorry issue of The Vacuum ... apologised to the citizens of Belfast for any offence caused. The Vacuum responded by publishing ... is still awaited. The Vacuum post controversy The Vacuum has continued to publish but now comes ... in the photography gallery Belfast Exposed . Both this gallery and the offices of The Vacuum ... Quarter, Belfast The Northern Whig Newspaper External links http www.thevacuum.org.uk Vacuum Homepage ... National Secular Society DEFAULTSORT Vacuum Category British satirical magazines Category ... more details
Vacuum valve may refer to Trickle valve , a type of airlock Vacuum breaker , an anti siphon valve Vacuum delay valve , an automobile component Vacuumtube , an electron tube or thermionic valve disambig ... more details
Wiktionary Tube , or Tubes , may refer to Construction Tube structure , used in structural applications Tube fluid conveyance , used in plumbing, irrigation, and other applications Electronics Vacuumtube , a component of electronics Cathode ray tube also called picture tube , a common component of electronics such as televisions and other displays Tube BBC Micro , an expansion bus on the BBC Micro computer Food Yoplait Tubes, the name for Go Gurt portable yog o urt in every country except America and the United Kingdom Geometry A hollow cylinder geometry Mechanics Pneumatic tube , a method of transportation utilising compressed air Inner tube, a Tire Inner tube component of vehicular tires Media The Tube TV series , a music related TV series by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom Tube band , a Japanese pop group Tube film , a 2003 Korean film Tube game , a freeware game from Bullfrog Productions Tube & Berger , the alias of dance electronica producers Arndt R rig and Marco Vidovic from Germany YouTube , a website that allows users to upload, view, and share video clips Peter Dale, aka Tubes ... Pro Picture tubes Picture tube , a term used by the software package Paint Shop Pro for a small digital image with no background used on web pages a colloquial term for television The Tube Music Network ... based band, popular in the 1970s and 1980s Nature Eustachian tube , part of the structure of the ear Lava tube , found in volcanic regions The inside of a hollow wave in surfing Packaging Tube container , a packaging solution for pasty and viscous goods such as toothpaste Photography Extension tube ... Science Test tube , a piece of laboratory equipment Transportation Rapid transit London Underground , London s subterranean train system, commonly known as The Tube Transbay Tube , an underwater rail tube across San Francisco Bay See also The Tube disambiguation Microtube disambiguation Nanotube disambiguation ... R r de Tube es Tubo fr Tube it Tube he nl Tube ja ... more details
Vacuum engineering deals with technological processes and equipment that use vacuum to achieve better results than those run under atmospheric pressure . The most widespread applications of vacuum technology are Pyrolytic chromium carbide coating Antireflecting glass Glass colouring Vacuum impregnation Vacuum coating Vacuum drying Vacuum coaters are capable of applying various types of coatings on metal , glass , plastic or ceramic surfaces, providing best quality, thickness and color uniformity ever. Vacuum dryers can be used for delicate materials and save up significant energy quantities due to lower drying temperatures. See also Negative pressure Suction Vacuum chamber Ultra high vacuumVacuum gauge Vacuum pump Vacuum flange Vacuum grease Vacuum deposition Vacuum evaporation VacuumtubeVacuum oven Vacuum arc remelting Vacuum furnace Vacuum casting Vacuum plasmaspraying Vacuum packing Vacuum induction melting Materials for use in vacuum Brazing Vacuum brazing Joining materials DEFAULTSORT Vacuum Engineering Category Vacuum systems Category Vacuum pumps Category Engineering disciplines engineering stub ca Enginyeria del buit cs Vakuov technika de Vakuumtechnik es T cnicas de vac o fr Technique du vide fi Tyhji tekniikka ... more details
Vacuum is the absence of matter. Vacuum may also refer to Science and natural phenomenon Suction , the flow of fluid into an area with a lower pressure Vacuum arc , when electrodes emit an electric arc or spark in a vacuumVacuum state , the quantum state with the lowest possible energy False vacuum , in Quantum field theory, a metastable vacuum state that is not the lowest energy state QED vacuum , the vacuum state of quantum electrodynamics QCD vacuum , the vacuum state of quantum chromodynamics Devices Vacuum cleaner , a home appliance which uses suction to remove dirt Vacuum pump , used to remove gas molecules from a sealed volume to yield a partial vacuumVacuum brake , which uses vacuum to actuate brake pistons, once used with railroad trains Vacuum flask , a container which uses a region of vacuum to insulate its contents Vacuum furnace , a very high temperature furnace which uses vacuum insulation Vacuum servo , used on motor vehicles to increase braking force applied by the driver Vacuumtube , or valve , a device that relies on the flow of electric current through a vacuum. Engineering techniques and phenomenon Vacuum packing , a method of storing food or material by keeping it in an airless environment Vacuum grease , any lubricant used for applications in low pressure environments Manifold vacuum , the pressure difference between an internal combustion engine s intake manifold and atmosphere Ultra high vacuum , a terrestrial vacuum achieved by pumping all matter out of a region to as great an extent as is possible, resulting at present in a pressure of less than 10 sup 7 sup pascal Other Vacuum Oil Company , an 1866 US petroleum company, now part of ExxonMobil Vacuum band , a musical group from Sweden. Power vacuum , a political situation lacking an obvious central authority or leadership The Vacuum , a monthly newspaper published in Belfast disambiguation es Vac o desambiguaci n fr Vacuum homonymie it Vuoto ja simple Vacuum ... more details
The Tube may refer to The London Underground The Tube , slang for Television , from the term cathode ray tube The Tube 2003 TV series , an ITV Sky programme featuring the work of staff on the London Underground The Tube 2012 TV series , a BBC documentary about those who work and travel on the London Underground The Tube TV series , a former Channel 4 UK music programme The Tube radio series , a Channel 4 Radio series The Tube Music Network , a US defunct music video channel The Port Authority Trans Hudson railroad linking New Jersey and New York, USA At least by older folks, see the References at the PATH article The series of tubes analogy, by Ted Stevens The Tube , a 1996 song by Ti sto KTBU , known as 55 The Tube disambig ... more details
working vacuum fryers For larger production quantities, continuously working vacuum fryers are available. In these installations, the vacuum frying pan is installed in a stainless steel vacuumtube. The infeed ... of the vacuumtube prevents air from entering the vacuum zone, and a belt system takes the product from one zone to another. The vacuum is created by vacuum pump s, and the whole system is controlled ...A vacuum fryer is a deep frying device housed inside a vacuum chamber. It was originally developed for potato chip production. Vacuum fryers are fit to process low quality potato es that contain higher sugar levels than normal, as they frequently have to be processed in spring and early summer before the potatoes from the new harvest become available. With vacuum frying it is easier to maintain natural ... , China and Indonesia batch type vacuum fryers are mainly used for the production of fruit chips. However ... often as it is sensitive to temperature changes. Continuously working vacuum fryers lead to a longer lifetime of the frying oil and therefore lower the production costs. Vacuum fryers can also reduce ... of vacuum fryer. References div class references small C. GRANDA, R.G. MOREIRA, S.E. TICHY 2004 Reduction of Acrylamide Formation in Potato Chips by Low temperature Vacuum Frying Journal of Food Science ... about vacuum frying in the Indonesia http ift.confex.com ift 2002 techprogram paper 10613.htm Report about a research project about vacuum frying in the US http www.simply thai.com thai market twin trees vacuum fried products entry page.htm Vacuum fried fruit chips from Thailand http www.blackwell ... in potato chips by vacuum frying http www.qhdth.net en index.asp National Standard Maker & Top Manufacturer of Vacuum Fryer in Asia http www.bma worldwide.com products food continuous vacuum frying systems.html Manufacturer of Vacuum Fryers http www.worldfoodscience.org cms ?pid 1001723 Report about vacuum fried snacks Category Food industry Category Food technology Category Cooking appliances ... more details
inline date April 2009 for vacuum workholding systems vacuum table File Vacuum bed 18.jpg thumb Vacuum bed A vacuum bed is a device sometimes used in BDSM play. A person is placed in a latex envelope spanned by a frame and a suction pump or floor vacuum removes most of the air in the envelope. The frame can be either a simple rectangle of pierced pvc pipes, joined by pvc joints, or three dimensional frames of various sizes, with a similar pvc construction. There are several ways that the vacuum bed can be designed to facilitate breathing. The most common is a tube running from outside of the vacuum bed into the person s mouth. A second option is a reinforced hole that is positioned so that the mouth protrudes. A third option is a reinforced gasket through which one forces the entire head. Incorporating a related fetish, some vacuum beds use a gas mask to facilitate respiration. The vacuum bed is both a bondage and sensation device. The user is unable to move significantly although some wiggling is possible , and is unable to speak or see, depending on the breathing hole used. In addition, though, the sensation of the vacuum bed itself, as well as any other play stroking, percussion, vibrations are quite pleasurable, and some are much more intense than what would be experienced without the vacuum bed. The vacuum bed must be used with the aid of another person, as the user cannot control the vacuum itself, nor escape the vacuum bed unaided. References Margot D. Weiss, Working at Play BDSM Sexuality in the San Francisco Bay Area. Anthropologica 48 2006 , page 234. Published by Canadian Anthropology Society. Commons category Vacuum beds Category BDSM equipment Category Physical restraint bdsm stub de Vakuumbett ru ... more details
A vacuum sanitary sewer sewer system uses the differential pressure between atmospheric pressure and a partial vacuum maintained in the piping network and vacuum station collection vessel. This differential pressure allows a central vacuum station to collect the wastewater of several thousand individual homes, depending on terrain and the local situation. Vacuum sewers take advantage of available natural slope in the terrain and are most economical in flat sand y soils with high ground water . Vacuum ... vacuum sewerage was the Dutch engineer Liernur in the second half of the 19th century. It was only used on ships, trains and airplanes for a long time. Technical implementations of vacuum sewerage systems ... covers land based vacuum systems but the technology is also used on aircraft, ships, trains ... vacuum systems as well as vacuum toilets which can reduce the amount of water flushed away to less than 1 litre per flush. The NASA Space Shuttle uses vacuum toilet technology to reduce water requirements. Basic elements Collection chambers and vacuum valve units Monitoring system for collection chambers and vacuum valve units Vacuum sewer lines Central vacuum station Vacuum technology is based on differential air pressure. Rotary vane vacuum pumps generate an operation pressure of 0.4 to 0.6 bar at the vacuum station, which is also the only element of the vacuum sewerage system that must be supplied ... by the vacuum itself. While the valve is open, the resulting differential pressure between atmosphere and vacuum becomes the driving force and transports the wastewater towards the vacuum station. Besides ... system for remote monitoring of the vacuum valves and sump pits. Such systems allow much faster trouble ... systems are optional systems and not required for operation of vacuum sewer systems. Vacuum sewer ... areas. For this reason, vacuum sewer lines may even be laid in the same trench as potable water ... transport, the vacuum sewer line is laid in a saw tooth length profile, which will be referred to more ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Keidel vacuumtube was a type of blood collecting device, first manufactured by Hynson, Wescott and Dunning in around 1922. ref name Handbook of Phlebotomy Pendergraph, Garland E. 1998 Handbook of Phlebotomy and Patient Service Techniques 4th ed. Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0 683 30556 5 ref This vacuum was one of the first evacuated systems, predating the more well known Vacutainer . ref name Handbook of Phlebotomy Its primary use was to test for syphilis and typhoid fever . ref name Medical Diagnosis Greene, Charles Lyman 1917 Medical Diagnosis for the Student and Practitioner . P Blakiston s & Son ref How it worked Essentially, the Keidel vacuum consists of a sealed ampule with or without a culture medium . Connected to the ampule was a short rubber tube with a needle at the end, using a small glass tube as a cap. The insertion of the needle into the vein crushes the ampule, thus creating a vacuum and forcing blood into the container. Typically, a prominent vein in the forearm such as the median cubital vein would suffice, although the Keidel vacuum can take blood for any prominent peripheral vein. This concept did not become popular until during World War II , when quick and efficient first aid care was necessary in the battle field. As a result, the vacutainer became the forefront device used for blood collection. ref name Handbook of Phlebotomy See also Phlebotomy Fingerprick Vacutainer Blood donation References reflist 1 External links http www.trocadero.com surecureantiques items 612765 en1.html Directions for Use Category History of medicine Category Blood tests Category Hematology ... more details
POV date April 2011 A vacuum sewer system uses the differential pressure between atmospheric pressure and a partial vacuum maintained in the piping network and vacuum station collection vessel. This differential pressure allows a central vacuum station to collect the wastewater of several thousand individual homes, depending on terrain and the local situation. Vacuum sewers take advantage of available .... Vacuum sewers were first installed in Europe in 1882 but until the last 30 years it had been relegated to a niche market. The first who has applied the negative pressure drainage so called vacuum sewerage ..., trains and airplanes for a long time. Technical implementations of vacuum sewerage systems were ... Collection chambers and vacuum valve units Monitoring system for collection chambers and vacuum valve units Vacuum sewer lines Central vacuum station Vacuum technology is based on differential air pressure. Rotary vane vacuum pumps generate an operation pressure of 0.4 to 0.6 bar at the vacuum station, which is also the only element of the vacuum sewerage system that must be supplied with electricity ... is needed to open or close the valve. The according energy is provided by the vacuum itself. While the valve is open, the resulting differential pressure between atmosphere and vacuum becomes the driving force and transports the wastewater towards the vacuum station. Besides these collection .... Vacuum sewer systems are considered to be free of ex and infiltration which allows the usage even in water protection areas. For this reason, vacuum sewer lines may even be laid in the same trench ... reliable transport, the vacuum sewer line is laid in a saw tooth length profile, which will be referred to more precisely afterwards. The whole vacuum sewers are filled with air at a pressure of 0.4 ... according to the pressure in the system. Considering that the vacuum idea relies on external energy .... Once arrived in the vacuum collection tank at the vacuum station, the wastewater is pumped ... more details
A vacuum arc can arise when the surfaces of metal electrode s in contact with a good vacuum begin to emit electron s either through heating thermionic emission or via an electric field that is sufficient to cause field electron emission . Once initiated, a vacuum arc can persist since the freed particles gain kinetic energy from the electric field, heating the metal surfaces through high speed particle collisions. This process can create an incandescent cathode spot which frees more particles, thereby sustaining the arc. At sufficiently high currents an incandescent anode spot may also be formed. Electrical discharge in vacuum is important for certain types of vacuumtube s and for high voltage vacuum switch es. The thermionic vacuum arc TVA is a new type of plasma source, which generates a pure metal and ceramic vapour plasma containing ions with a directed energy. TVA discharges can be ignited in high vacuum conditions between a heated cathode electron gun and an anode tungsten crucible containing the material. The accelerated electron beam, incident on the anode, heats the crucible, together with its contents, to a high temperature. After establishing a steadystate density of the evaporating anode material atoms, and when the voltage applied is high enough, a bright discharge is ignited between the electrodes. References cite book last Messyats first Gennady A. coauthors Proskurovsky, D. I. title Pulsed Electrical Discharge in Vacuum Springer Series on Atoms and Plasmas, 5 url edition 1st year 1989 publisher Springer Verlag location isbn 0 387 50725 6 cite book last Greenwood first Allan coauthors title Vacuum Switchgear I E E Power Engineering Series url edition 1st year 1994 publisher Pergamon Press location isbn 0 85296 855 8 cite journal last Akan first Tamer coauthors Demirkol, Serdar Ekem, Naci Pat, Suat Musa, Geavit title Study of Metal and Ceramic Thermionic Vacuum arc Discharges year 2007 journal Plasma Sci. Technol. volume 9 pages 280 283 doi 10.1088 1009 ... more details
of lighting electric lamps , vacuumtube s, and Cathode ray tube CRT s where the device is either ... of the vacuumtube . In the 19th century, Nikola Tesla designed the apparatus, imaged to the right ... of a vacuum pump A vacuum pump is a device that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum . The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke ... title Vacuum and Vacuum Technology edition Second year 1991 publisher VCH Publishers Inc. pages 1330 ... a rough vacuum in the vessel being evacuated before the momentum transfer pump can be used to obtain the high vacuum, as momentum transfer pumps cannot start pumping at atmospheric pressures. Second the positive displacement pump backs up the momentum transfer pump by evacuating to low vacuum the accumulation of displaced molecules in the high vacuum pump. Entrapment pumps can be added to reach ... refers to the volume leak rate multiplied by the pressure at the vacuum side of the leak, so ... is linked from Vacuum Image L Pumpe2.png thumb The manual water pump draws water up from a well by creating a vacuum that water rushes in to fill. In a sense, it acts to evacuate the well, although the high leakage rate of dirt prevents a high quality vacuum from being maintained for any length ... be pulled, so it is technically impossible to create a vacuum by suction. Suction is the movement of fluids into a vacuum under the effect of a higher external pressure, but the vacuum has to be created first. The easiest way to create an artificial vacuum is to expand the volume of a container. For example ... of the lungs to increase. This expansion reduces the pressure and creates a partial vacuum, which is soon ... without requiring infinite growth, a compartment of the vacuum can be repeatedly closed off, exhausted ... vacuum. Because of the pressure differential, some fluid from the chamber or the well, in our example ... achieve 0.1 Pa. A positive displacement vacuum pump moves the same volume of gas with each cycle, so ... more details
in vain to raise funds to construct his vacuumtube airship design, but despite early support ...File Flying boat.png thumb Francesco Lana de Terzi s flying boat concept c.1670 A vacuum airship , also known as a vacuum balloon , is a hypothetical airship that is Vacuum evacuated rather than filled with a lighter than air gas such as hydrogen or helium. First proposed by Italian monk Francesco Lana de Terzi in 1670, ref Cite web title Francesco Lana Terzi, S.J. 1631 1687 The Father of Aeronautics url http www.faculty.fairfield.edu jmac sj scientists lana.htm accessdate 13 November 2009 ref the vacuum balloon would be the ultimate expression of displacement lift power. Principle An airship operates on the principle of buoyancy where air is the fluid in contrast to a ship where water is the fluid. The density of air at standard temperature and pressure is 1.28 g L and 1 L of displaced air has sufficient buoyant force to lift 1.28 g. Airships use an airbag to displace a large volume of air the bag is usually filled with a lightweight gas such as helium . The total lift generated by an airship is equal to the weight of the air it displaces, regardless of the materials used in its construction or the gas used to fill the airbag However for flight it is necessary for the total lift capacity to exceed the ship s weight, which includes the weight of the gas used to fill the airbag Using ... every displaced liter provides 1.28g of lift the effective lift is reduced by 14 . Vacuum airships would theoretically replace the helium gas with a near vacuum environment and would theoretically be able to provide the full lift potential of displaced air. The main problem with the concept of vacuum airships however is that with a near vacuum inside the airbag, the outside pressure would exert ... to withstand the forces would invariably weigh the vacuum airship down and exceed the total lift capacity ... Category Hypothetical technology Category Vacuum systems ru ... more details
Vacuum molding most commonly refers to the vacuum molding casting metal casting process . It may also refer to Vacuum forming , a plastic forming process Vacuum bag molding , a composite material forming process disambig ... more details
Vacuum casting may refer to Casting filling , the general casting concept of using a vacuum to fill a mold cavity Vacuum casting elastomers , the casting technique for elastomers Vacuum molding casting , a type of sand casting disambig ... more details
High vacuum may refer to A vacuum with pressure in the range from 100 mPa to 100 nPa High Vacuum , the 1957 novel by Charles Eric Maine disambig ... more details
File Vacuum cleaner.jpg right thumb Cylinder vacuum cleaner for home use. File Wagon aspirateur laveur.jpg right thumb French train vacuum cleaner. File VacuumCleanerIXLMuseum.jpg right thumb Closeup of an early hand pumped vacuum cleaner, date unknown. A vacuum cleaner is a device that uses an air pump to create a partial vacuum to suction suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and optionally ... for later disposal. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well as in industry, exist in a variety of sizes and models small battery operated hand held devices, domestic central vacuum cleaner ... emptied, and self propelled vacuum truck s for recovery of large spills or removal of contaminated soil. History File Vacuum Cleaner 1906.jpg right thumb Dedusting pump , circa 1906. File Vacuum cleaner 1910.JPG thumb A hand powered pneumatic vacuum cleaner, circa 1910. An early electric powered model is also shown File NMAH DC IMG 8859.JPG thumb Early electric vacuum cleaner by Electric Suction Sweeper Company, circa 1908 The vacuum cleaner evolved from the carpet sweeper via manual vacuum ... came in the beginning of the 20th century. Daniel Hess Daniel Hess of West Union, Iowa invented a vacuum cleaner in 1860, calling it a carpet sweeper instead of a vacuum cleaner. His machine did, in fact ... for his invention of the vacuum cleaner on July 10, 1860. ref cite web title Fascinating facts about the invention of vacuum cleaner by Daniel Hess in 1860 publisher The Great Idea Finder url http ... vacuum principles was the Whirlwind , invented in Chicago in 1868 by Ives W. McGaffey . The machine ... States and Europe who devised manual vacuum cleaners . He obtained a patent US No. 91,145 ... 5 April 2010 ref The company later added portable vacuum cleaners to its line of cleaning tools ... the first vacuum cleaner. However, the dust was blown into a receptacle rather than being sucked ... Noble Hand Augustus Hand ruled that Thurman does not appear to have attempted to design a vacuum ... more details
PLEASE READ Wikipedia Disambiguation dos and don ts BEFORE EDITING Vacuum cooking may refer to Vacuum flask cooking Sous vide Sousvide Supreme disambiguation ... more details
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